research on innovative design and evaluation of...

19
Research Article Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of Agricultural Machinery Products Jian-wei Wang and Jian-min Zhang School of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China Correspondence should be addressed to Jian-min Zhang; [email protected] Received 30 May 2019; Revised 25 August 2019; Accepted 9 September 2019; Published 3 November 2019 Academic Editor: Anna M. Gil-Lafuente Copyright © 2019 Jian-wei Wang and Jian-min Zhang. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. In order to meet the user’s increasing demands for integrated quality of agricultural machinery products, a new KE-TRIZ approach based on Kansei engineering (KE) and theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) was proposed. Designers used semantic difference (SD) method and principal component analysis (PCA) method to quantify and reduce the dimensions of the extracted perceptual vocabulary, which aimed to select the comprehensive variables that represented the user’s needs. TRIZ theory was used in the product emotional intention to elaborate the invention principle of products’ appearance structure and functional technology, and improvement explanation was put forward based on further contradiction analysis. en, the industrial design theory was combined with the innovation design of agricultural machinery products. In order to explain the reliability of innovative design, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used in objective assessment. Finally, a walking rotary cultivator design was used as a case to check the above methods. e research can effectively adjust the contradiction between rationality and sensibility in products and apply it to the product equipment with function as the main part to design the products of com- prehensive quality that conform to the trend of social aesthetics so as to form the brand effect of high added value. e results showed that these methods were effective and feasible for the innovative design of agricultural machinery products. 1. Introduction With the continuous integration and diversification of the global market and the growing demand for personalized consumption, industrial design is no longer limited to the traditional category with functions, colors, and shapes as the core, but develops to mass customization production. It is particularly important to quickly integrate the user’s de- mand for agricultural machinery product design [1]. At present, functional and technical indicators are important indicators of agricultural machinery product design. However, with the increasing diversification of user demand for agricultural machinery products, its comprehensive quality is more and more important in the market com- petition. erefore, designers are faced with two problems in designing agricultural machinery products, one is how to obtain and understand the needs of users and the other is how to better match the appearance of agricultural ma- chinery products with the functional technology. KE is a research method to explore the relationship between users and products [2]. It is an engineering technology that makes users feel satisfied by quantifying the perceptual needs of users and transforming them into a form factor considered by designers when designing products [3]. User preferences in design process of branded products are addressed through several layers of mediation link with consumers, products, and engineering designers or product designers. Designers cannot make their own assumptions about consumer needs and preferences. In order to quickly respond to the customer’s demand of product modeling style, the key geometrical features of product modeling are extracted by the eye movement test, and the mapping relation and design progress between customers and product are established [5]. With the continuous development of personalized production, the design of mechanical equipment based on functional technology also needs to consider the user’s demand for high-quality products. Designers need to introduce the Hindawi Mathematical Problems in Engineering Volume 2019, Article ID 8179851, 18 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8179851

Upload: others

Post on 05-Aug-2020

1 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of ...downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2019/8179851.pdf · ResearchArticle Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of Agricultural

Research ArticleResearch on Innovative Design and Evaluation of AgriculturalMachinery Products

Jian-wei Wang and Jian-min Zhang

School of Mechanical Engineering Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China

Correspondence should be addressed to Jian-min Zhang zminmindebox126com

Received 30 May 2019 Revised 25 August 2019 Accepted 9 September 2019 Published 3 November 2019

Academic Editor Anna M Gil-Lafuente

Copyright copy 2019 Jian-wei Wang and Jian-min Zhang 0is is an open access article distributed under the Creative CommonsAttribution License which permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in anymedium provided the original work isproperly cited

In order to meet the userrsquos increasing demands for integrated quality of agricultural machinery products a new KE-TRIZapproach based on Kansei engineering (KE) and theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) was proposed Designers usedsemantic difference (SD) method and principal component analysis (PCA) method to quantify and reduce the dimensions of theextracted perceptual vocabulary which aimed to select the comprehensive variables that represented the userrsquos needs TRIZ theorywas used in the product emotional intention to elaborate the invention principle of productsrsquo appearance structure and functionaltechnology and improvement explanation was put forward based on further contradiction analysis 0en the industrial designtheory was combined with the innovation design of agricultural machinery products In order to explain the reliability ofinnovative design the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used in objective assessment Finally a walking rotary cultivatordesign was used as a case to check the abovemethods0e research can effectively adjust the contradiction between rationality andsensibility in products and apply it to the product equipment with function as the main part to design the products of com-prehensive quality that conform to the trend of social aesthetics so as to form the brand effect of high added value 0e resultsshowed that these methods were effective and feasible for the innovative design of agricultural machinery products

1 Introduction

With the continuous integration and diversification of theglobal market and the growing demand for personalizedconsumption industrial design is no longer limited to thetraditional category with functions colors and shapes as thecore but develops to mass customization production It isparticularly important to quickly integrate the userrsquos de-mand for agricultural machinery product design [1] Atpresent functional and technical indicators are importantindicators of agricultural machinery product designHowever with the increasing diversification of user demandfor agricultural machinery products its comprehensivequality is more and more important in the market com-petition0erefore designers are faced with two problems indesigning agricultural machinery products one is how toobtain and understand the needs of users and the other ishow to better match the appearance of agricultural ma-chinery products with the functional technology

KE is a research method to explore the relationshipbetween users and products [2] It is an engineeringtechnology that makes users feel satisfied by quantifyingthe perceptual needs of users and transforming them into aform factor considered by designers when designingproducts [3] User preferences in design process of brandedproducts are addressed through several layers of mediationlink with consumers products and engineering designersor product designers Designers cannot make their ownassumptions about consumer needs and preferences Inorder to quickly respond to the customerrsquos demand ofproduct modeling style the key geometrical features ofproduct modeling are extracted by the eye movement testand the mapping relation and design progress betweencustomers and product are established [5] With thecontinuous development of personalized production thedesign of mechanical equipment based on functionaltechnology also needs to consider the userrsquos demand forhigh-quality products Designers need to introduce the

HindawiMathematical Problems in EngineeringVolume 2019 Article ID 8179851 18 pageshttpsdoiorg10115520198179851

theory of sensible engineering to design mechanicalproducts that are satisfactory to users

0e theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) wasdeveloped in the Soviet Union in 1946 by Genrich AltshullerTRIZ is a method of innovative design which has beenwidely applied in engineering design and gradually ex-panded to other fields [6] In order to solve the contradictionbetween products and service components Kim and Yoon[7] proposed a new concept of product-service system (PSS)which was used to develop the quality functions of keyfeatures of products and services and was applied to auto-motive shared services Tan et al [8] combined TRIZ withanalogy theory put forward the related conceptual designprocess model and improved the designerrsquos innovativedesign ability Liu et al [9] combinedmorphology and TRIZbroadened the application dimension of morphologymatrixand improved the innovation ability of solving productproblems Based on the analyses of 140 biological systemsthat were derived from biomimetic sources by a TRIZ-basedmethod Cohen et al [10] provided a list and examples ofstructure-function patterns that repeat in biomimetic ap-plications However the research of TRIZmostly stays in theangle of product function and engineering technology andseldom pays attention to the subjective aesthetics of cus-tomers In order to meet the userrsquos perceptual preference foragricultural machinery products it is necessary to fullyconsider the perceptual needs of users

0e above two methods have advantages in productinnovation design 0e KE method focuses more on productperception and TRIZ is based on the functions and tech-nologies of engineering design Basing on KE and TRIZ Sunand Kong [11] carried out innovative design and evaluationof automobile seats from the aspects of subjective aestheticsand structural functions However in the face of productstructure and complex function this method lacks reliabilityand effectiveness about the objective evaluation of in-novative design 0erefore it is imperative to develop in-terdisciplinary design approaches to solve ldquointerfacerdquo issuesamong different domains such as engineering designmarket demand usage context social behavior environ-mental impact assessments and other factors [12]

0e most straightforward explanation for perceptualengineering is the technology that translates the consumerrsquosperceptuality into product design elements 0e aim is toprovide designers and manufacturers with a way to grasp theemotional and spiritual needs of users and translate theseneeds into product design elements in order to enhance thecompetitive advantage of products in the market In in-dustrial design perceptual engineering regards the userrsquospsychological feelings imagery and psychological expec-tations such as practicability aesthetics high grade ex-quisiteness and so on From the perspective of the designprocess perceptual engineering uses engineering technologyas a means to quantify peoplersquos feelings finds the high-orderfunction relationship between these sensible quantities andvarious physical quantities and uses quantitative data as thebasis of engineering analysis and research

TRIZ conducts in-depth research on problems by askingquestions analyzing problems performing component and

interaction analysis constructing functional model dia-grams and using technical conflicts physical conflictsstandard solutions and scientific effects in the TRIZ toolboxso as to find the most simple efficient and economicalsolution Among them TRIZ proposes 39 engineering pa-rameters describing the technical conflicts and 40 inventionprinciples In order to establish the corresponding re-lationship between the two a contradiction conflict matrix isproposed When solving the actual problem as long as theconflict parameters in the design are determined the cor-responding invention principle can be selected in the conflictmatrix and the relevant solution is found according to thepromptness of the invention principle

With the promulgation of the Made in China 2025policy peoplersquos demand for comprehensive quality of me-chanical equipment is increasing but the design of me-chanical equipment based on functional technology islimited by factors such as materials structure and process0erefore the contradictory solution idealized solution andevolutionary prediction technology in TRIZ are applied tothe perceptual design 0rough the mining and mapping ofthe contradiction between the mechanical product designelements and the perceptual design elements the designconforms to the mechanical product design requirements0e idealized model and the innovative design modelprovide the basis for seeking the optimal solution offunctional technology and art form in product design

In this work by constructing the innovative designmodel of KE-TRIZ and applying the AHP to verify theconceptual scheme of agricultural machinery products aninnovative design method to guarantee the high quality ofagricultural machinery products was proposed Taking thehand-held rotary tiller as an example the conceptual designscheme matching appearance and function was obtainedthrough the KE-TRIZ model 0en the conceptual schemeand the typical samples of the product were analyzed by theAHP and the weights of the relative innovative scheme forthe hand-held rotary tiller was calculated which indicatedwhether the conceptual design method was innovative ornot 0e results suggest that this design process was moreconvenient and efficient and also provide an importantreference for the development of related agricultural ma-chinery products and the design of other engineeringproducts

2 Innovative Design and Evaluation

Innovation design and evaluation model consists of theremain steps (as shown in Figure 1) user requirement analysis(URA) innovative design based on KE and TRIZ and designevaluation 0ese steps are explained as follows

21 Step 1 User Requirement Analysis (URA)(1) Product perceptual image collection the design

object was analyzed in this work the design objectwas the agricultural machinery products based onfunction Firstly a large number of perceptual vo-cabularies were obtained by consulting relevant

2 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

literature and consulting relevant design experts Inorder to meet the requirements of dierent levels ofusers on the cognitive characteristics of the designobjects image adjectives describing the design ob-jects were strictly selected as experimental variablesby means of SD [13]

(2) Analysis of the elements of modeling design a largenumber of samples were collected excluding theinuence of material and brand After discussingwith experts and engineers with relevant experiencethe samples were classied according to the shapeand structure of the product and then the

Design object

Establishment of sample base

Key geometric features

Representative sample

Perceptual engineering

Emotional lexical pair

Preliminary engineeringPrincipal component analysis

SD survey method

Step 1 user requirement analysis

21

3

Conceptual design models

39 engineering parameters

Appearance Function

40 principles of invention

Detailed design

QFDConstruction

Appearance structure model Functional technology model

Is there a contradiction

Technological conflict Physical conflict

Standard solution Scientific effect

TRIZ

tool

box

Computer-aided design

Component analysis

Interaction analysis

Functional model diagramFunc

tion

anal

ysis

Sample scheme

Analytic hierarchy process

Determine the final plan

Subject scheme

Evaluation

Expert

Judgment matrix

Step 2 innovative designbased on KE-TRIZ

Step 3 design evaluation

1

2

3

NoYes

Figure 1 Innovative design model for agricultural machinery products

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 3

representative samples were selected according to thetypical characteristic combination of the product

(3) Screening and dimension reduction of perceptualpaired words according to the degree of affiliation ofthe perceptual vocabulary which was analyzed andsummed up perceptual word pairs of the typicalsamples in reclaimed questionnaire data were scoredby a 7-point Likert scale method and analyzed byCronbachrsquos alpha method and reliability analysis0e K Langbach coefficient method can test thereliability and consistency of the survey results PCA[14] can be used to extract a small number of per-ceptual vocabularies which can represent most of theperceptual vocabulary variables 0e PCA methodwas used to select the main perceptual vocabulary bythe contribution rate of each index and 4ndash6 pairs ofperceptual vocabulary were screened out ultimately

α k

k minus 11 minus

1113936ki1S

2i

S2x1113890 1113891 (1)

where α is the statistical factor in the K Langbach coefficientmethod k is the number of items S2i is the variance of theitem i and S2x is the overall solution variance for all items

When α is larger than 08 the questionnaire data arereliable

22 Step 2 Innovative Design Based on KE-TRIZ(1) Creating conceptual design models the above 4ndash6

pairs of perceptual words were classified into twogroups based on KE One group is about the ap-pearance structure model and the other is about thefunctional technology model Based on the existingagricultural machinery product situation [15] aconceptual agricultural machinery design model wasconstructed in each group preliminarily

(2) Detailed design by analyzing the perceptual image ofthe agricultural machinery product finding out theengineering parameters of agricultural machineryproducts which need to be improve and then car-rying out the contradiction total matrix analysis iswhich based on TRIZ a series of inventive principleswere obtained and analyzed so as to put forward thedetailed design principles of the agricultural ma-chinery product 0e contradiction between theappearance structure model and function technologymodel was analyzed If there was a contradiction thedesigner used TRIZ toolbox to analyze the designmodel in detail which makes the design model moreperfect

(3) Computer-aided design according to the above stepsagricultural machinery products were designed bycomputer-aided industrial design software

23 Step 3 Design Evaluation In order to objectivelyevaluate the conceptual design of agricultural machineryproducts the AHP was used to evaluate the innovative

design scheme and the previous selection of typical agri-cultural machinery samples [16] 0e AHP was used for thiswork because it has good objectivity and practicability [17]0e basic steps of the AHP are shown as follows

(1) In determining the high-quality agricultural ma-chinery product scheme the hierarchical structure ofthe system should be established target layer cri-terion layer and scheme layer

(2) Compare the indicators of criterion layer with theindicators of scheme layer to determine the weightcoefficient of each layer As shown in Table 1 ajudgment matrix A (B) was constructed

A(B) aij1113872 1113873ntimesn

(2)

A series of pairwise comparisons was made betweenA and B at the same level using the nine-point scalewhich included all the odd numbers ranged from oneto nine and their reciprocal values In this steppairwise comparative matrices are formulated for allevaluation criteria [18]

(3) Calculate the relative importance of elements under asingle criterion 0e feature vector W(23) and themaximum eigenvalue λmax of the judgment matrix A(B) are calculated Eigenvalues are the weight vectorsamong the indexes and themaximum eigenvalues areused to test the consistency of the judgment matrices

CR CIRI

CI λmax minus n

n minus 1

λmax 1n

1113944

n

i1

1113936(nj 1)aijωj

ωi

(3)

where CI is the consistency index RI is the averagerandom consistency index (as shown in Table 2) andλis the eigenvalue of the matrixWhen CRlt 01 it means that the judgment matrix isacceptable [19]

(4) Calculate the weight of the scheme layer to the targetlayer P 0e equation is presented as follows

P ω(3)1 ω(3)

2 ω(3)31113872 1113873ω(2)

(4)

3 Innovative Design and Evaluation for Hand-Held Rotary Tiller

31 User Requirement Analysis (URA) for Hand-Held RotaryTiller 0e steps of KE are as follows (1) target productsamples and emotional image vocabulary collection (2)preliminary clustering of perceptual vocabulary throughquestionnaires and (3) use PCA to reduce the dimension ofperceptual vocabulary and extract perceptual vocabularythat best represents users

4 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

0is work took the innovative design of the hand-heldrotary tiller as an example to illustrate the method Firstly100 perceptual vocabularies related to hand-held rotarytillers were extracted from the objective natural language ofusers 0rough Taobao physical stores and official websitesdesigners collected a large number of samples and con-ducted a large number of analysis and screening 0en thedesigner analyzed the characteristics of the hand-held rotarytiller and selected four typical samples according to themodeling characteristics of the rotary tiller 0e experimentfinally selected 4 kinds of hand-held rotary tillers as typicalsamples and they are shown in Table 3 0en 10 seniordesigners and 20 rival rotary tillers drivers were selected asrespondents Among them 4 designers majored in agri-cultural machinery 6 designers were graduate students inindustrial design 5 drivers had no operation experience and15 drivers had driving experience In the questionnairethere were 12 pairs of adjectives and their antonyms whichwere extracted as reference words for the style description ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as shown shown in Table 4However some adjectives were overlaps in semantics 0eywere given marks according to the Likert 7-point scalemethod for four representative hand-held rotary samplesAnd 6 pairs among them were selected by PCA and theywere thought as representative semantic adjectives for thehand-held rotary tillers [20]

30 Likert 7-point scale questionnaires were designedaccording to the above theory In order to analyze the re-liability of the questionnaire data the reliability of thequestionnaire data was tested by reliability analysis by usingSPSS 50 0e reliability statistics is 0885 which is greaterthan 08 To conclude the 12 pairs of adjectives and theirantonyms in these questionnaires are reliable

A group of new variables was obtained by PCA 0econtribution of variance of these new variables is not thesame 0e extraction of common factors is essentially todetermine some factors from which the information of theoriginal variables can be explained the most All the factorswith selectable eigenvalue greater than a certain critical valueare used as common factors and all the factors with selectableeigenvalue greater than 1 were extracted as common factors

0e data in Table 5 show the eigenvalues variance contri-bution and cumulative variance contribution of the factorsafter the extraction of common factors and after rotation [21]

12 groups of adjectives and antonyms were analyzed inSPSS and the results are shown in Table 6 0ere were sixpairs of adjectives and antonyms related to the principalcomponent the first group included dynamic-static andharmonious-disharmonious the second group consisted ofcomfortable-uncomfortable and practical-gaudy the thirdgroup included safe-dangerous and the fourth groupconsisted of individual-common

0ese four principal components contribute to 81872of the modeling style semantic feature information that is tosay these four style semantic feature principal componentscan well describe the modeling style features of the testsample cases

32 Innovative Design Based on KE and TRIZ for Hand-HeldRotary Tiller Quality function deployment (QFD) translatescustomer or market requirements into design requirementsprocess requirements and production requirements In orderto initially construct an idealizedmodel the house of quality isbuilt by means of the selected perceptual vocabulary andrelevant TRIZ invention principles and the relationshipbetween customer requirements and the performance of thecorresponding products is determined by means of QFDtheoretical knowledge which lays a foundation for the ap-plication of TRIZ later Building a House of Quality (HOQ)mainly includes the following steps (1) calculating user needsand their weights (2) 9 3 and 1 represent values of the strongmedium and weak relation respectively and the relationmatrix is established according to the values (3) the designerestablishes the floor of the HOQ by determining the targetvalue of the quality characteristics (4) competitive analysiscollect the products of the rotary tiller and establish thecompetitive ability evaluation matrix (the competitive abilityis expressed by 1sim5 1 is the worst 5 is the best) (5) technicalcapability evaluation according to the evaluation of pro-fessionals and their own experience the technical capability ofthe current products is compared with that of the competitiveproducts in the important characteristics and the technicalcapability matrix is established and (6) evaluation of therelationship between quality characteristics 0e results areshown in Figure 2

Based on the mapping of representative perceptualvocabulary with the engineering parameters of TRIZ and thecurrent situation of the hand-held rotary tiller the idealizedmodel of hand-held rotary tiller design is preliminarilyconstructed from two aspects of exterior structure andfunction technology as shown in Table 6 [22] Designers canrefer to the weight of stationary objects in TRIZ and createthe dynamic sensibility of products through the overallvolume of products Designers can also embody the har-mony of the whole product through the shape of theproduct In order to personalize the product the designerdesigns the product by feeding back different information tothe consumers Improving the reliability of products canimprove the safety of users using products

Table 1 0e pairwise comparison judgment

Intensity ofimportance Explanation

1 Demand ai has equal importance to demand aj3 Demand ai has weak importance than demand aj5 Demand ai has essential importance than demand aj7 Demand ai is less important than demand aj13 Demand ai is slightly less important than demand aj15 Demand ai is obviously less important than demand

aj17 Demand ai is extremely unimportant than demand aj

Table 2 Average random consistency index

n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9RI 0 0 058 094 112 124 132 141 145

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 5

Table 3 Modeling features of the hand-held rotary tiller

Sample Modeling feature Characteristic analysis Typical sample

Sample 1 Rotary tiller knife and other tools can be replaced

Sample 2 Wheels and rotary tillage knife position put to thefront

Sample 3 Traditional modeling

Sample 4 Hand-held rotary tiller was adjustable

Table 4 12 pairs of adjectives and their antonyms

Num Adjective pairs1 Comfortable-uncomfortable4 Dynamic-static7 Steady-light10 Easy-laborious2 Hard-weak5 Safe-dangerous8 Advanced-outdated11 Holistic-partial3 Practical-gaudy6 Individual-common9 Gorgeous-simple12 Harmonious-disharmonious

Table 5 PCA of semantic features of style

ComponentsInitial eigenvalue Extracting the sum of squares

Total Variance contribution()

Cumulative contribution() Total Variance contribution

()Cumulative contribution

()1 5876 48965 48965 5876 48965 489652 1617 13477 62442 1617 13477 624423 1322 11019 73460 1322 11019 734604 1009 8412 81872 1009 8412 81872 12 0010 0086 100000

6 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

In order to improve the practicability of products de-signers can adopt the principle of adaptability and versatilityin TRIZ theory Since the change in appearance structureaffects the shape parameters the invention is applied to thestatistical principle of the shape parameters used in thecontradiction matrix as shown in Table 7 0e inventionprinciple with higher usage rate is selected so that theoriginal understanding of the appearance structure design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller is provided and the improvementdescription of the inductive design of the hand-held rotarytiller is proposed as shown in Table 80ere are 17 principlesof invention for design (C10 Prior action C1 SegmentationC14 Spheroidality C15 Dynamicity C32 Changing thecolor C34 Rejecting and regenerating parts C35 Trans-formation of physical and chemical states of an object C2Extraction C4 Asymmetry C29 Use a pneumatic or hy-draulic construction C40 Composite materials C13 In-version C22 Convert harm into benefit C26 Copying C5Combining C17 Moving to a new dimension C28 Re-placement of a mechanical system)

According to the interpretation of the invention theshape of the hand-held rotary tiller was initially drawn byhand Designers can propose the direction of design throughthe inspiration of the principle of invention In order toembody the dynamics and coordination of the scheme thedesigner can use streamlined body language to form aconcise and harmonious overall form of the handrail con-necting rod and the head of the hand-held rotary tiller andmatch the reasonable color matching proportion to reducethe volume of the machine in the visual sense In order toreflect the comfort of the scheme the designer can divide themain view and the top view of the rotary tiller reasonably soas to stimulate the userrsquos sense of stability of themachine (seeFigure 3)

System component function analysis is a process ofmodeling system function0emodel should include systemcomponents hypersystem components objects and so onOn this basis the functional model diagram of the hand-heldrotary tiller was constructed as shown in Figure 4 Func-tional model diagrams can help designers understand thesystem identify the problems in the system identify thetypes of problems get inspiration to solve related problemsand then find appropriate solutions for each type of prob-lems in a precise way 0e designer first establishes thecomponent hierarchy model by component analysis then

analyses the relationship between system components es-tablishes the system component relationship model andestablishes the functional model System component func-tion analysis of the hand-held rotary tiller the operator issafe when both hands leave the handle of the hand-heldrotary tiller System components switch hand-held con-necting rods chassis motor rotary tillage knife wheels andtransmission hypersystem components vegetation and soilObjects handles and rotary blade

As shown in Table 9 through the analysis of the relevantengineering parameters in the TRIZ conflict matrix thedesigner has obtained the functional requirements of thehand-held rotary tiller as well as the principles of the in-vention to solve the corresponding problems In Table 9 (12)denotes the engineering parameter serial number and 1 de-notes the serial number of the inventive principle

In Table 10 ldquordquo indicates that the principle is the optimalsolution ldquordquo indicates that the principle needs to be con-sidered and ldquordquo means that the principle was constrainedby the current system and structure or cannot work [23] Forinstance in consideration of safety the physicalchemicalparameters of the existing hand-held rotary tiller had beenbasically determined and it was not necessary to increase thecost to change them Cushion in advance was less innovativebut it is worthy of consideration Segmentation rushingthrough and partial or overdone action were not useful forsafety Replacement of a mechanical system was a new ideathat should be taken into consideration

Several principles with ldquordquo and ldquordquo in Table 11 are il-lustrated in Table 12 for technical improvement of the hand-held rotary tiller

As shown in Table 11 the technical improvements(replacement of mechanical systems porous materialscomposites and dynamics) made by the designer on thehand-held rotary tiller do not conflict with the appearanceimprovements in Table 9 (dynamic harmonious and in-dividual) 0is indicated that the conceptual design can becontinued According to the interpretation of the inventionprinciples the functional technology of the hand-held rotarytiller was preliminarily conceived (see Figure 5)

According to the improvement of product appearanceand function technology explained by the invention prin-ciples three-dimensional modeling and rendering of theproduct were carried out by computer-aided technologyDesigners should meet the physiological and psychological

Table 6 Perceptual design of the hand-held rotary tiller idealized model

Emotionalwords TRIZ engineering parameters Current situation Idealized model

Exteriorstructure

DynamicWeight of stationary object

shape and loss of information

Monotonous old-fashioned colormatching poor systematicdesign and lack of corporate

identity information

Harmonious color design refinedgeometrical shape and full ofcorporate identity information

HarmoniousIndividual

Functionaltechnology

Safety Reliability harmful factorsproduced by objects andadaptability and versatility

Knife will hurt the operator andlacking ergonomic design

Safety high efficiencycomfortable ergonomic design

and reinforced structuralstructures

Comfortable

Practical

All TRIZ engineering parameters in Table 6 come from the 39 engineering parameters in TRIZ

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 7

needs of consumers when designing the appearance andtechnical functions of hand-held rotary tiller In computer-aided modeling the designer extracts some elements of the

front shape of the cattle for the front design of the hand-heldrotary tiller and assembles the front and the hand-held rodinto the head image of the cattle e traditional image of

First Second Third 1 2 3 4 5

Dynamic 3 1 2

Harmonious 5 1 2

Individual 5 1 2

Safety 39 1 2

Comfortable 13 1 2

Practical 33 1 2

5

4

3

2

1

Relative importance 012 014 003 025 022 024

Importance rating (10 ratings) 5 6 1 10 9 10

Absolute importance 180 210 45 384 333 354

Technical assessment 2 2

1 1 1

2 1 1 1 2 2

3 1 3 9

Target Value

Para

met

ric d

esig

n of

inte

gral

mod

elin

g

Usin

g ge

omet

ry b

ioni

c des

ign

Uni

fied

colo

r mat

chin

g an

d ad

ded

war

ning

signs

St

reng

then

the s

truc

ture

and

impr

ove t

hean

ti-vi

brat

ion

perfo

rman

ce

Set u

p pr

ecau

tions

Impr

ovem

ent o

f hum

an-m

achi

nepe

rform

ance

of h

andl

e and

rota

ry ti

llers

High-quality hand-held

rotary tiller

Exterior structure

Functional technology

3 3 9 3 1

3 3 9 1

3 9 1

3 9

1 2 3 4 5 6

3 3

9 Strong relation 3 Medium relation 1 Weak relation

Strong positive correlation Weak positive correlation

times Strong negative correlation Weak negative correlation

Market competitiveness evaluation

1 Current status 2 Competitor

Dem

and

impo

rtan

ce

Wei

ght o

f sta

tiona

ry o

bjec

t

Shap

e

Loss

of i

nfor

mat

ion

Relia

bilit

y

Har

mfu

l fac

tors

pro

duce

d by

obj

ects

Ada

ptab

ility

and

vers

atili

ty

times

Customer demand expansion

times

Technical indicators

Figure 2 Innovative design model for agricultural machinery products

8 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Table 7 Number of times inventive principles are used by improving shape parameters

Principle ofinvention Num Principle of

invention Num Principle of invention Num Principle of invention Num

1 Segmentation 9 11 Cushion inadvance 0 21 Rushing through 0 31 Use of Porous material 0

2 Extraction 5 12 Equipotentiality 0 22 Convert harm into benefit 4 32 Changing the color 73 Localconditions 2 13 Inversion 4 23 Feedback 0 33 Homogeneity 1

4 Asymmetry 5 14 Spheroidality 9 24 Mediator 0 34 Rejecting and regeneratingparts 7

5 Combining 3 15 Dynamicity 9 25 Self-service 1 35 Transformation of physicaland chemical states of an object 6

6 Universality 2 16 Partial oroverdone action 2 26 Copying 4 36 Phase transition 1

7 Nesting 2 17 Moving to a newdimension 3

27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive

durable one0 37 0ermal expansion 1

8 Counterweight 1 18 Mechanicalvibration 2 28 Replacement of a mechanical

system 3 38 Using strong oxidizers 0

9 Prior counter 1 19 Periodic action 1 29 Use a pneumatic or hydraulicconstruction 5 39 Inert environment 1

10 Prior action 10 20 Continuity ofuseful action 0 30 Flexible film or hydraulic

construction 2 40 Composite materials 5

Table 8 Description of appearance improvements of hand-held rotary tiller

Appearance Original understanding Description of improvement

Dynamic

Segmentation curved surfacedynamic characteristicsphysicalchemical change

combination

Curved surface design geometric scale bright andrefreshing feeling

Harmonious

Preactiondiscard or regenerate

extractionpneumatic and hydraulic structures

spatial dimension changemechanical system substitution

Parametric design concise and harmonious matchcolors for design the sense of volume in geometric

form

Individual

Change the colorcompositeasymmetry

spatial dimension change

Reasonable division of the layout systematic designchange harmful factors to favourable factors

All the original understandings come from TRIZ theory

(a) (b)

Figure 3 Hand drawing of the hand-held rotary tiller

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 9

bull head has been reinterpreted into the modern image ofbull head as shown in Figure 6 It expressed the traditionalcultivation culture Finally we used computer-aided in-dustrial design software to model the hand-held rotary tillerwith this image and obtained an innovative conceptualdesign scheme as shown in Figures 7 and 8

33 Design Evaluation for Hand-Held Rotary Tiller In orderto verify the reliability and innovation of conceptual designa conceptual scheme evaluation map was made with four

typical samples as shown in Figure 9 0e weight of fiveschemes were calculated by the AHP and construction ofjudgment matrix and the evaluation results of conceptualdesign scheme and other typical sample schemes were ob-tained [24]

0ree aspects of the 5 schemes modeling function andcolor matching were evaluated to find out an innovativehand-held rotary tiller design scheme (see Figure 10) In thiswork the evaluation weight was confirmed by several ex-perts including two industrial design experts and two ag-ricultural machinery design experts 0e results were more

Switch Hand connecting rod Motor

Chassis

GearingWheel

Handle

Rotary blade

Vegetation

Soil

Hold Support

Support

Control

Hold

SupportControl Control

DriveSupport

Support

Obstacle

Obstacle

Adhesion

Adhesion

Conrol

Control

Control

System component

Hypersystem component

Object

Normal functionInadequate function

Harmful function

Figure 4 System component function analysis of the hand-held rotary tiller

Table 9 Analysis on engineering parameters of hand-held rotary tillers

Emotionalwords Function Improvement factors Deteriorating factors TRIZ solution

SafetySafety (27) Reliability

(9) Speed 1 Segmentation 11 Cushion in advance21 Rushing through 16 Partial or

overdone action 28 Replacement of amechanical system 35 Transformation ofphysical and chemical states of an object

(12) Shape

Antivibration (31) Harmful factors sideeffects (36) Complexity of device 1 Segmentation 19 Periodic action 31

Use of porous materials

Comfortable Antiskid (27) Reliability (30) Harmful factors acting onobject

2 Extraction 27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive durable one

35 Transformation of physical andchemical states of an object 40 Composite

materials

Practical Practical (35) Adaptability (36) Complexity of equipment

15 Dynamicity 28 Replacement of amechanical system 29 Use a pneumatic or

hydraulic construction 37 0ermalexpansion

All Arabic numerals in Table 9 are the serial numbers in the TRIZ conflict matrix

10 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

objective because both of them were very familiar with thehand-held rotary tiller [25] And several judgment matriceswere constructed according to the data of questionnaires0rough the evaluation matrix the designer determines therequirement weighting coefficients of the criterion layer andthe scheme layer

331 Construction of Judgment Matrix

(1) Constructing judgment matrix As1 of the criterionlayer (s 1 2 3 and 4 where s stands for expert t 12 3 4 5 and 6 where t stands for scheme)

A11

1 315

13

15

1

13

113

13

15

13

5 3 1 3 1 5

3 313

113

5

5 5 1 3 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Table 10 Functional principles of the hand-held rotary tiller

Function Principle Principle elaboration

Safety

Replacement of a mechanical system Cushion in advance

Segmentation Rushing through

Partial or overdone action Transformation of physical and chemical states of an

object

Replacement of a mechanical system was currently arelatively new idea that can be tracked further

Cushion in advance was less innovative but it neededstudying

Segmentation rushing through and partial oroverdone action were not useful for safetyIt was not necessary to increase the cost for

transformation of physical and chemical states of anobject

AntivibrationUse of porous materials

Periodic action Segmentation

Use of porous materials was useful for buffervibrations Periodic action may cause resonance

Segmentation was not appropriate for Antivibration

Antiskid

Composite materials An inexpensive short-life object instead of an

expensive durable oneTransformation of physical and chemical states of an

object Extraction

Composite materials can be considered emphatically0e inventive principle of cheap alternatives was

needed further analysis 0e principle thattransformation of physical and chemical states of ahand-held rotary tiller may increase costs was not

taken into accountExtraction was not very suitable for the product

Practical

Dynamicity Replacement of a mechanical system

Use a pneumatic or hydraulic construction0ermal expansion

Dynamicity deserves to be considered and used0e inventive principle of replacing mechanical systemsusing pneumatic or hydraulic structures can continue to

be tracked 0ermal expansion can be excludedAll the principles come from the 40 original principles of TRIZ

Table 11 Description of technical improvements of the hand-held rotary tiller

Principle name Description of improvement

Replacement of a mechanical system0epressure sensor in the handle of the hand-held rotary tiller can detect the pressure of theoperatorrsquos hands on the handle When an accident occurs the single chip microcomputer

built in the hand-held rotary tiller will cut off the motor and stop the work

Use of porous materials Porous materials can be used for sound insulation but also can reduce the quality andvibration of hand-held rotary tiller

Composite materials 0e composite material can be used to improve the strength and rigidity of the machineand reduce the quality of the hand-held rotary tiller

Dynamicity Hand-held connecting rod was adjustable Rotary tiller blade can be replaced

Table 12 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotarytillers

A11minus B A21minus B A31minus B A41minus B

ω(2)s1

00608 00470 00460 0052400348 00278 00460 0029003419 04242 03953 0413901597 01275 00985 0133003419 03233 03569 0315500608 00502 00573 00561

λmax 65433 65882 65313 65504CI 01087 01176 01063 01101CR 00876 00949 00857 00888 Accept

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 11

Chassis Motor

Rotary bladeWheel

Gearing

Handle

Wire Pressure sensors

Hand connecting rod

Monochip computers

Height adjustable

Replacement of blade

Figure 5 Functional system diagram of the hand-held rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Figure 6 Iterative design of front face pattern of the rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c)

Figure 7 Conceptual design scheme of the hand-held rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Figure 8 Color series of the hand-held rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Figure 9 Typical sample schemes and conceptual design scheme (a) Scheme 1 (b) Scheme 2 (c) Scheme 3 (d) Scheme 4 (e) Scheme 5

12 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

A21

1 317

13

17

1

13

115

13

15

13

7 5 1 5 1 7

3 315

113

5

7 5 1 3 1 3

1 317

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

A31

1 115

13

15

1

1 115

115

13

5 5 1 5 1 5

3 115

115

5

5 5 1 5 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

A41

1 317

13

15

1

13

115

13

15

13

7 5 1 5 1 5

3 315

113

5

5 5 1 3 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

(5)

(2) Constructing judgment matrix Bst of the schemelayer

B11

113

315

15

3 1 5 3 1

13

15

117

17

515

7 1 1

5 1 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B21

113

315

15

3 1 5 113

13

15

113

13

5 1 7 1 1

5 3 3 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B31

113

515

15

3 1 3 1 13

15

13

115

17

5 1 5 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Target layer Selection of innovation scheme for hand-held rotary tiller

Criterionlayer

B1Harmonious

B2Dynamic

B3Safety

B4Comfortable

B5Practical

B6Individual

Schemelayer

C1Scheme 1

C2Scheme 2

C3Scheme 3

C1Scheme 1

C5Scheme 5

Figure 10 Hierarchical model of the hand-held rotary tiller

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 13

B41

113

315

13

3 1 515

13

13

15

115

15

5 5 5 1 3

3 3 513

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B12

113

15

15

15

3 1 3 5 1

15

13

115

17

515

5 1 1

5 1 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B22

113

513

13

3 1 3 1 115

13

115

15

3 1 5 113

3 1 5 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B32

113

515

15

3 1 313

13

15

13

117

17

5 3 7 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B42

113

515

17

3 1 313

13

15

13

115

15

5 3 5 1 1

7 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B13

115

13

17

15

5 1 3 113

313

113

17

7 1 3 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B23

113

113

15

3 1 313

13

113

115

17

3 3 5 113

5 3 5 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B33

113

315

17

3 1 313

15

13

13

117

17

5 5 3 113

7 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B43

113

113

15

3 1 315

15

113

115

15

315

5 1 1

5 5 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B14

113

13

15

15

3 1 113

15

1 1 113

17

5 3 3 113

5 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

14 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

B24

113

315

15

3 1 313

13

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 1 3

5 3 713

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B34

113

517

15

3 1 515

13

15

15

117

15

7 5 7 1 1

5 3 3 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B44

113

315

15

3 1 313

13

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 1 1

5 3 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B15

113

13

17

17

3 1 115

13

3 1 113

15

7 5 3 1 1

7 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B25 5

113

315

17

3 1 313

15

13

15

117

17

5 3 7 113

7 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B35

113

313

15

3 1 113

15

1 1 117

17

3 3 7 1 1

5 5 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B45

113

315

17

3 1 113

15

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 113

7 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B16

113

315

15

3 1 5 113

13

15

117

15

5 1 7 1 1

5 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B26

113

313

15

3 1 713

13

15

17

115

17

3 3 5 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B36

113

315

15

3 1 513

15

13

15

113

17

5 3 3 113

5 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 15

B46

113

515

17

3 1 513

15

15

15

115

17

5 3 5 1 1

7 5 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

(6)

332 Hierarchical Sequencing and Consistency Verification0e maximum eigenvalue λmax 65433 of the judgmentmatrix A11 was obtained by calculation and it was normalizedto ω(2)

11 (00608 00348 03419 01597 03419 00608) 0esix elements of the criterion layer are harmony dynamicssafety comfort practicality and individuality Consistency testis to test the coordination of the importance of each elementCI value of less than 1 indicates that consistency of thejudgmentmatrix is passed and the results are listed in Table 12

0e element bstij in the judgment matrix Bst is the comparisonmeasure of the superiority ofPt to C in the scheme layer (hand-held rotary tiller) 0e weight ω(3)

1t the maximum eigenvalueλmax and the consistency index CI1t were calculated from thecomparison judgment matrix B1t of the third layer and theresults are listed in Table 130e average of the total ranking ofthe scheme layers is shown in Table 14

After calculation the weight coefficient P of the 4 sampleschemes and a new conceptual design scheme of the targetlayer was obtained P1(C1) 007 P2(C2) 014 P3(C3)

006 P4(C4) 030 and P5(C5) 043 where Pt(C1) is theweight coefficient of sample 1 and so on 0erefore theinnovative conceptual design scheme was selected from thefive schemes because the weight coefficient of the conceptualdesign scheme P5(C5) was the largest one 043 0ismethod is effective and feasible for the innovative design ofagricultural machinery

4 Discussion

In order to improve the comprehensive quality of functionalproducts and meet the needs of users for product

Table 13 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotary tiller

B11ndashC B12ndashC B13ndashC B14ndashC B15ndashC B16ndashC Expert 1ω(3)1t 00815 00497 00417 00496 00434 00796

03322 03482 02016 01062 01063 0209100414 00465 00795 00797 01063 0043302290 02244 02156 02518 03720 0308603159 03312 04616 05127 03720 03594

λmax 52876 53691 52469 50252 50939 52194CI 00719 00923 00617 00063 00235 00548CR 00642 00824 00551 00056 00210 00490 Accept

B21ndashC B22ndashC B23ndashC B24ndashC B25ndashC B26ndashC Expert 2ω(3)2t 00856 01172 00712 00749 00658 00927

02247 02547 01524 01425 01209 0170500611 00502 00643 00422 00396 0034702799 02265 02619 04503 02726 0247303487 03515 04502 02902 05012 04547

λmax 54208 53773 52144 52785 52742 54268CI 01052 00943 00536 00696 00685 01067CR 00939 00842 00479 00622 00612 00935 Accept

B31ndashC B32ndashC B33ndashC B34ndashC B35ndashC B36ndashC Expert 3ω(3)3t 00855 00826 00669 00758 00692 00744

01832 01419 01231 01393 01074 0141600420 00379 00403 00359 00680 0044802247 02890 02595 04186 03393 0243404646 04485 05102 03304 04162 04957

λmax 53965 54257 53429 54404 52374 54451CI 00991 01064 00857 01101 00594 01113CR 00885 00950 00765 00983 00530 00994 Accept

B41ndashC B42ndashC B43ndashC B44ndashC B45ndashC B46ndashC Expert 4ω(3)4t 00846 00805 00697 00762 00658 00758

01454 01480 01216 01450 01209 0139300444 00452 00629 00429 00396 0035904757 03509 03538 03679 02726 0330402499 03754 03919 03679 05012 04186

λmax 54118 54301 52748 51295 52742 54404CI 01029 01075 00687 00324 00684 01101CR 00919 00960 00613 00289 00612 00983 Accept

16 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

personalization this paper puts forward the improvementexplanation of appearance and function and obtains the in-novative design scheme by introducing KE and TRIZ0eAHPwas used to evaluate the innovative design scheme Combiningwith the design of hand-held rotary tiller the correspondinginnovative design scheme was obtained and the design processwas attempted to be extended to other products 0e maincontent of the literature study [8 25 26] focused on the userrequirements mining or conceptual design stage and the re-searchers have not studied the application of detailed designstage and the subsequent evaluation of innovative design 0ispaper establishes an innovative design model from user needsmining conceptual design detailed design computer-aideddesign and scheme evaluation which is convenient for de-signers to design and develop products and also has a goodreference for innovative design of other products

However because the main research content of thispaper focuses on innovative design process the research onthe evaluation system of the scheme is insufficient In thefollowing work designers can introduce other design the-ories and methods to combine with existing research inorder to improve the process of innovative design

5 Conclusions

In order to improve the comprehensive quality of agricul-tural machinery products based on functional technologyand meet the needs of users the innovation design model ofagricultural machinery products based on KE-TRIZ wasconstructed

Firstly the designer used SD method and PCA methodto quantify and reduce the dimension of affective intentionwords aiming to select comprehensive variables repre-senting the needs of users Secondly by constructing a KE-TRIZ innovative design model the product appearance andfunction were innovatively designed and the contradictionbetween product appearance and function was analyzed tomake it well matched 0en taking the innovative design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as an example the applicationflow was described and the typical samples and designscheme were evaluated by the AHP which shows that themethod has obvious improvement in function and ap-pearance 0e KE-TRIZ method enables designers to designproducts more in line with the actual needs of users which iseffective and feasible for the innovative design of agriculturalmachinery

0e follow-up work is to further explore the integrationof technology cost and other multi-objective-driven in-novative designs of agricultural machinery products in orderto improve the applicability and integrity of the method

Data Availability

All data generated and analyzed during this study are in-cluded within the article

Conflicts of Interest

0e authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest

Authorsrsquo Contributions

Jian-wei Wang conceived and designed the study Jian-minZhang completed the design evaluation Jian-wei Wangcompleted product modeling Jian-min Zhang revised andpolished the manuscript All authors have read and ap-proved the final manuscript All authors contributed equallyto this work

Acknowledgments

0is work was supported by the Guizhou Natural ScienceFund Project (Guizhou Technology Cooperation SupportProgram (2017)1047) the Guizhou Science and TechnologyMajor Project (LH(2014)7629 LH(2016)7432 and LH(2017)7232) and the Academic New Seedling Cultivation andInnovation Exploration Specialization of Guizhou Univer-sity (Guizhou Platform Talents (2017)5788)

References

[1] G Q Yao C Q Xue and H Y Wang ldquoDesign method forcoach styling design based on image cognitionrdquo Journal ofSoutheast University Natural Science Edition vol 46 no 6pp 1198ndash1203 2016

[2] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei Engineering a new ergonomicconsumer-oriented technology for product developmentrdquoInternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 15 no 1pp 3ndash11 1995

[3] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei engineering as a powerful consumer-orientied technology for product developmentrdquo Applied Er-gonomics vol 33 no 3 pp 289ndash294 2002

[4] C E GolnooshRasoulifar and P Guy ldquoCommunicatingconsumer needs in the design process of branded productsrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015

[5] Y T Fu and S J Luo ldquoStyle perception-oriented productfamily shape gene designrdquo Comtuter IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 18 no 3 pp 449ndash457 2012

[6] L N Abdala R B Fernandes A Ogliari M Lower andJ Feldhusen ldquoCreative contributions of the methods of in-ventive principles of TRIZ and BioTRIZ to problem solvingrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 139 no 8 2017

[7] S Kim and B Yoon ldquoDeveloping a process of conceptgeneration for new product-service systems a QFD and

Table 14 Overall ranking result and average value of the third layer

Scheme Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 Scheme 5Expert 1 0048558458 0167268103 0083016534 0281635216 0419521689Expert 2 0072929489 0148099162 0051450184 0288521951 0438999215Expert 3 0070614603 0123757406 0050002922 0302460164 0453164905Expert 4 0070748371 0127513198 0049909632 0335077088 041675171Average value 006571273 0141659467 0058594818 0301923605 043210938

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 17

TRIZ-based approachrdquo Service Business vol 6 no 3pp 323ndash348 2012

[8] R H Tan R H Zhang F Liu and B J Yang ldquoTwo stagesanalogy-based conceptual design based on TRIZrdquo ComputerIntergrated Manufacturing Systems vol 12 no 3 pp 328ndash334 2006

[9] X Z Liu G N Qi J Z Fu B B Fan and J Xu ldquoA designprocess model of intergrated morphlolgical matrix andconflict resolving principlesrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 46 no 12 pp 2243ndash2258 2012

[10] Y H Cohen Y Reich and S Greenberg ldquoBiomineticsstructure-function patterns approachrdquo Journal of MechanicalDesign vol 136 no 11 2014

[11] L L Sun and F S Kong ldquoVisual comfort design of automobileseat based on Kansei engineering and TRIZ theoryrdquo Journal ofJinlin University Engineering and Technology Edition vol 44no 1 pp 106ndash110 2014

[12] W Chen C S Carolyn and Y Bernard ldquoSpecial issue userneeds and preferences in engineering designrdquo Journal ofMechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015

[13] Y X Huang C-H Chen and L P Khoo ldquoProducts clas-sification in emotional design using a basic-emotion basedsemantic differential methodrdquo International Journal of In-dustrial Ergonomics vol 42 no 6 pp 569ndash580 2012

[14] W Lu and J-F Petiot ldquoAffective design of products using anaudio-based protocol application to eyeglass framerdquo In-ternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 44 no 3pp 383ndash394 2014

[15] V Chulvi M C Gonzalez-Cruz E Mulet and J Aguilar-Zambrano ldquoInfluence of the type of idea-generation methodon the creativity of solutionsrdquo Research in Engineering Designvol 24 no 1 pp 33ndash41 2013

[16] B Mannan and Abid Haleem ldquoUnderstanding major di-mensions and determinants that help in diffusion amp adoptionof product innovation using AHP approachrdquo Journal ofGlobal Entrepreneurship Research vol 7 no 1 pp 1ndash24 2017

[17] T Wang and M R Liu ldquoApplication of QFD and AHP inrailway freight transportationrdquo Computer IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 24 no 1 pp 264ndash271 2018

[18] H-N Hsish J F Chen and Q H Du ldquoApplying TRIZ andfuzzy AHP based on lean production to develop an innovativedesign of a new shape for machine toolsrdquo Information vol 6no 1 pp 89ndash110 2015

[19] L-C Chen and L Lin ldquoOptimization of product configu-ration design using functional requirements and constraintsrdquoResearch in Engineering Design vol 13 no 3 pp 167ndash1822002

[20] Y Li M-D Shieh C-C Yang and L Zhu ldquoApplication offuzzy-based hybrid taguchi method for multiobjective opti-mization of product form designrdquo Mathematical Problems inEngineering vol 2018 Article ID 9091514 18 pages 2018

[21] Y Q Xu K Chen H B Qin and Z Y Wang ldquoStudy on theapplication of Kansei engineering in product form designrdquoApplied Mechanics and Materials vol 274 pp 513ndash516 2013

[22] S Hede P V Ferreira M N Lopes and L A Rocha ldquoTRIZand the paradigms of social sustainability in product devel-opment endeavorsrdquo Procedia Engineering vol 131 pp 522ndash538 2015

[23] Z Liu D Hu Y Gao et al ldquoTRIZ based revised design fordisassembly of joint structurerdquo Journal of Mechanical Engi-neering vol 48 no 11 pp 65ndash71 2012

[24] X Ji X J Gu F Dai et al ldquoBioTRIZ-based product in-novative design processrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 48 no 1 pp 35ndash41 2014

[25] X L Li W Zhao Y K Zheng R Wang and C WangldquoInnovative product design based on comprehensive cus-tomer requirements of different cognitive levelsrdquo lte Sci-entific World Journal vol 2014 Article ID 627093 11 pages2014

[26] G D Zhai Z H Liang and M Y Li ldquoStudy on the Opti-mization model of a flexible transmissionrdquo MathematicalProblems in Engineering vol 2019 Article ID 508457312 pages 2019

18 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Applied MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Probability and StatisticsHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical PhysicsAdvances in

Complex AnalysisJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

OptimizationJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Engineering Mathematics

International Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Operations ResearchAdvances in

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Function SpacesAbstract and Applied AnalysisHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2013Hindawiwwwhindawicom

The Scientific World Journal

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018Volume 2018

Numerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisAdvances inAdvances in Discrete Dynamics in

Nature and SocietyHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom

Dierential EquationsInternational Journal of

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Decision SciencesAdvances in

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

AnalysisInternational Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Stochastic AnalysisInternational Journal of

Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom

Page 2: Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of ...downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2019/8179851.pdf · ResearchArticle Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of Agricultural

theory of sensible engineering to design mechanicalproducts that are satisfactory to users

0e theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) wasdeveloped in the Soviet Union in 1946 by Genrich AltshullerTRIZ is a method of innovative design which has beenwidely applied in engineering design and gradually ex-panded to other fields [6] In order to solve the contradictionbetween products and service components Kim and Yoon[7] proposed a new concept of product-service system (PSS)which was used to develop the quality functions of keyfeatures of products and services and was applied to auto-motive shared services Tan et al [8] combined TRIZ withanalogy theory put forward the related conceptual designprocess model and improved the designerrsquos innovativedesign ability Liu et al [9] combinedmorphology and TRIZbroadened the application dimension of morphologymatrixand improved the innovation ability of solving productproblems Based on the analyses of 140 biological systemsthat were derived from biomimetic sources by a TRIZ-basedmethod Cohen et al [10] provided a list and examples ofstructure-function patterns that repeat in biomimetic ap-plications However the research of TRIZmostly stays in theangle of product function and engineering technology andseldom pays attention to the subjective aesthetics of cus-tomers In order to meet the userrsquos perceptual preference foragricultural machinery products it is necessary to fullyconsider the perceptual needs of users

0e above two methods have advantages in productinnovation design 0e KE method focuses more on productperception and TRIZ is based on the functions and tech-nologies of engineering design Basing on KE and TRIZ Sunand Kong [11] carried out innovative design and evaluationof automobile seats from the aspects of subjective aestheticsand structural functions However in the face of productstructure and complex function this method lacks reliabilityand effectiveness about the objective evaluation of in-novative design 0erefore it is imperative to develop in-terdisciplinary design approaches to solve ldquointerfacerdquo issuesamong different domains such as engineering designmarket demand usage context social behavior environ-mental impact assessments and other factors [12]

0e most straightforward explanation for perceptualengineering is the technology that translates the consumerrsquosperceptuality into product design elements 0e aim is toprovide designers and manufacturers with a way to grasp theemotional and spiritual needs of users and translate theseneeds into product design elements in order to enhance thecompetitive advantage of products in the market In in-dustrial design perceptual engineering regards the userrsquospsychological feelings imagery and psychological expec-tations such as practicability aesthetics high grade ex-quisiteness and so on From the perspective of the designprocess perceptual engineering uses engineering technologyas a means to quantify peoplersquos feelings finds the high-orderfunction relationship between these sensible quantities andvarious physical quantities and uses quantitative data as thebasis of engineering analysis and research

TRIZ conducts in-depth research on problems by askingquestions analyzing problems performing component and

interaction analysis constructing functional model dia-grams and using technical conflicts physical conflictsstandard solutions and scientific effects in the TRIZ toolboxso as to find the most simple efficient and economicalsolution Among them TRIZ proposes 39 engineering pa-rameters describing the technical conflicts and 40 inventionprinciples In order to establish the corresponding re-lationship between the two a contradiction conflict matrix isproposed When solving the actual problem as long as theconflict parameters in the design are determined the cor-responding invention principle can be selected in the conflictmatrix and the relevant solution is found according to thepromptness of the invention principle

With the promulgation of the Made in China 2025policy peoplersquos demand for comprehensive quality of me-chanical equipment is increasing but the design of me-chanical equipment based on functional technology islimited by factors such as materials structure and process0erefore the contradictory solution idealized solution andevolutionary prediction technology in TRIZ are applied tothe perceptual design 0rough the mining and mapping ofthe contradiction between the mechanical product designelements and the perceptual design elements the designconforms to the mechanical product design requirements0e idealized model and the innovative design modelprovide the basis for seeking the optimal solution offunctional technology and art form in product design

In this work by constructing the innovative designmodel of KE-TRIZ and applying the AHP to verify theconceptual scheme of agricultural machinery products aninnovative design method to guarantee the high quality ofagricultural machinery products was proposed Taking thehand-held rotary tiller as an example the conceptual designscheme matching appearance and function was obtainedthrough the KE-TRIZ model 0en the conceptual schemeand the typical samples of the product were analyzed by theAHP and the weights of the relative innovative scheme forthe hand-held rotary tiller was calculated which indicatedwhether the conceptual design method was innovative ornot 0e results suggest that this design process was moreconvenient and efficient and also provide an importantreference for the development of related agricultural ma-chinery products and the design of other engineeringproducts

2 Innovative Design and Evaluation

Innovation design and evaluation model consists of theremain steps (as shown in Figure 1) user requirement analysis(URA) innovative design based on KE and TRIZ and designevaluation 0ese steps are explained as follows

21 Step 1 User Requirement Analysis (URA)(1) Product perceptual image collection the design

object was analyzed in this work the design objectwas the agricultural machinery products based onfunction Firstly a large number of perceptual vo-cabularies were obtained by consulting relevant

2 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

literature and consulting relevant design experts Inorder to meet the requirements of dierent levels ofusers on the cognitive characteristics of the designobjects image adjectives describing the design ob-jects were strictly selected as experimental variablesby means of SD [13]

(2) Analysis of the elements of modeling design a largenumber of samples were collected excluding theinuence of material and brand After discussingwith experts and engineers with relevant experiencethe samples were classied according to the shapeand structure of the product and then the

Design object

Establishment of sample base

Key geometric features

Representative sample

Perceptual engineering

Emotional lexical pair

Preliminary engineeringPrincipal component analysis

SD survey method

Step 1 user requirement analysis

21

3

Conceptual design models

39 engineering parameters

Appearance Function

40 principles of invention

Detailed design

QFDConstruction

Appearance structure model Functional technology model

Is there a contradiction

Technological conflict Physical conflict

Standard solution Scientific effect

TRIZ

tool

box

Computer-aided design

Component analysis

Interaction analysis

Functional model diagramFunc

tion

anal

ysis

Sample scheme

Analytic hierarchy process

Determine the final plan

Subject scheme

Evaluation

Expert

Judgment matrix

Step 2 innovative designbased on KE-TRIZ

Step 3 design evaluation

1

2

3

NoYes

Figure 1 Innovative design model for agricultural machinery products

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 3

representative samples were selected according to thetypical characteristic combination of the product

(3) Screening and dimension reduction of perceptualpaired words according to the degree of affiliation ofthe perceptual vocabulary which was analyzed andsummed up perceptual word pairs of the typicalsamples in reclaimed questionnaire data were scoredby a 7-point Likert scale method and analyzed byCronbachrsquos alpha method and reliability analysis0e K Langbach coefficient method can test thereliability and consistency of the survey results PCA[14] can be used to extract a small number of per-ceptual vocabularies which can represent most of theperceptual vocabulary variables 0e PCA methodwas used to select the main perceptual vocabulary bythe contribution rate of each index and 4ndash6 pairs ofperceptual vocabulary were screened out ultimately

α k

k minus 11 minus

1113936ki1S

2i

S2x1113890 1113891 (1)

where α is the statistical factor in the K Langbach coefficientmethod k is the number of items S2i is the variance of theitem i and S2x is the overall solution variance for all items

When α is larger than 08 the questionnaire data arereliable

22 Step 2 Innovative Design Based on KE-TRIZ(1) Creating conceptual design models the above 4ndash6

pairs of perceptual words were classified into twogroups based on KE One group is about the ap-pearance structure model and the other is about thefunctional technology model Based on the existingagricultural machinery product situation [15] aconceptual agricultural machinery design model wasconstructed in each group preliminarily

(2) Detailed design by analyzing the perceptual image ofthe agricultural machinery product finding out theengineering parameters of agricultural machineryproducts which need to be improve and then car-rying out the contradiction total matrix analysis iswhich based on TRIZ a series of inventive principleswere obtained and analyzed so as to put forward thedetailed design principles of the agricultural ma-chinery product 0e contradiction between theappearance structure model and function technologymodel was analyzed If there was a contradiction thedesigner used TRIZ toolbox to analyze the designmodel in detail which makes the design model moreperfect

(3) Computer-aided design according to the above stepsagricultural machinery products were designed bycomputer-aided industrial design software

23 Step 3 Design Evaluation In order to objectivelyevaluate the conceptual design of agricultural machineryproducts the AHP was used to evaluate the innovative

design scheme and the previous selection of typical agri-cultural machinery samples [16] 0e AHP was used for thiswork because it has good objectivity and practicability [17]0e basic steps of the AHP are shown as follows

(1) In determining the high-quality agricultural ma-chinery product scheme the hierarchical structure ofthe system should be established target layer cri-terion layer and scheme layer

(2) Compare the indicators of criterion layer with theindicators of scheme layer to determine the weightcoefficient of each layer As shown in Table 1 ajudgment matrix A (B) was constructed

A(B) aij1113872 1113873ntimesn

(2)

A series of pairwise comparisons was made betweenA and B at the same level using the nine-point scalewhich included all the odd numbers ranged from oneto nine and their reciprocal values In this steppairwise comparative matrices are formulated for allevaluation criteria [18]

(3) Calculate the relative importance of elements under asingle criterion 0e feature vector W(23) and themaximum eigenvalue λmax of the judgment matrix A(B) are calculated Eigenvalues are the weight vectorsamong the indexes and themaximum eigenvalues areused to test the consistency of the judgment matrices

CR CIRI

CI λmax minus n

n minus 1

λmax 1n

1113944

n

i1

1113936(nj 1)aijωj

ωi

(3)

where CI is the consistency index RI is the averagerandom consistency index (as shown in Table 2) andλis the eigenvalue of the matrixWhen CRlt 01 it means that the judgment matrix isacceptable [19]

(4) Calculate the weight of the scheme layer to the targetlayer P 0e equation is presented as follows

P ω(3)1 ω(3)

2 ω(3)31113872 1113873ω(2)

(4)

3 Innovative Design and Evaluation for Hand-Held Rotary Tiller

31 User Requirement Analysis (URA) for Hand-Held RotaryTiller 0e steps of KE are as follows (1) target productsamples and emotional image vocabulary collection (2)preliminary clustering of perceptual vocabulary throughquestionnaires and (3) use PCA to reduce the dimension ofperceptual vocabulary and extract perceptual vocabularythat best represents users

4 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

0is work took the innovative design of the hand-heldrotary tiller as an example to illustrate the method Firstly100 perceptual vocabularies related to hand-held rotarytillers were extracted from the objective natural language ofusers 0rough Taobao physical stores and official websitesdesigners collected a large number of samples and con-ducted a large number of analysis and screening 0en thedesigner analyzed the characteristics of the hand-held rotarytiller and selected four typical samples according to themodeling characteristics of the rotary tiller 0e experimentfinally selected 4 kinds of hand-held rotary tillers as typicalsamples and they are shown in Table 3 0en 10 seniordesigners and 20 rival rotary tillers drivers were selected asrespondents Among them 4 designers majored in agri-cultural machinery 6 designers were graduate students inindustrial design 5 drivers had no operation experience and15 drivers had driving experience In the questionnairethere were 12 pairs of adjectives and their antonyms whichwere extracted as reference words for the style description ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as shown shown in Table 4However some adjectives were overlaps in semantics 0eywere given marks according to the Likert 7-point scalemethod for four representative hand-held rotary samplesAnd 6 pairs among them were selected by PCA and theywere thought as representative semantic adjectives for thehand-held rotary tillers [20]

30 Likert 7-point scale questionnaires were designedaccording to the above theory In order to analyze the re-liability of the questionnaire data the reliability of thequestionnaire data was tested by reliability analysis by usingSPSS 50 0e reliability statistics is 0885 which is greaterthan 08 To conclude the 12 pairs of adjectives and theirantonyms in these questionnaires are reliable

A group of new variables was obtained by PCA 0econtribution of variance of these new variables is not thesame 0e extraction of common factors is essentially todetermine some factors from which the information of theoriginal variables can be explained the most All the factorswith selectable eigenvalue greater than a certain critical valueare used as common factors and all the factors with selectableeigenvalue greater than 1 were extracted as common factors

0e data in Table 5 show the eigenvalues variance contri-bution and cumulative variance contribution of the factorsafter the extraction of common factors and after rotation [21]

12 groups of adjectives and antonyms were analyzed inSPSS and the results are shown in Table 6 0ere were sixpairs of adjectives and antonyms related to the principalcomponent the first group included dynamic-static andharmonious-disharmonious the second group consisted ofcomfortable-uncomfortable and practical-gaudy the thirdgroup included safe-dangerous and the fourth groupconsisted of individual-common

0ese four principal components contribute to 81872of the modeling style semantic feature information that is tosay these four style semantic feature principal componentscan well describe the modeling style features of the testsample cases

32 Innovative Design Based on KE and TRIZ for Hand-HeldRotary Tiller Quality function deployment (QFD) translatescustomer or market requirements into design requirementsprocess requirements and production requirements In orderto initially construct an idealizedmodel the house of quality isbuilt by means of the selected perceptual vocabulary andrelevant TRIZ invention principles and the relationshipbetween customer requirements and the performance of thecorresponding products is determined by means of QFDtheoretical knowledge which lays a foundation for the ap-plication of TRIZ later Building a House of Quality (HOQ)mainly includes the following steps (1) calculating user needsand their weights (2) 9 3 and 1 represent values of the strongmedium and weak relation respectively and the relationmatrix is established according to the values (3) the designerestablishes the floor of the HOQ by determining the targetvalue of the quality characteristics (4) competitive analysiscollect the products of the rotary tiller and establish thecompetitive ability evaluation matrix (the competitive abilityis expressed by 1sim5 1 is the worst 5 is the best) (5) technicalcapability evaluation according to the evaluation of pro-fessionals and their own experience the technical capability ofthe current products is compared with that of the competitiveproducts in the important characteristics and the technicalcapability matrix is established and (6) evaluation of therelationship between quality characteristics 0e results areshown in Figure 2

Based on the mapping of representative perceptualvocabulary with the engineering parameters of TRIZ and thecurrent situation of the hand-held rotary tiller the idealizedmodel of hand-held rotary tiller design is preliminarilyconstructed from two aspects of exterior structure andfunction technology as shown in Table 6 [22] Designers canrefer to the weight of stationary objects in TRIZ and createthe dynamic sensibility of products through the overallvolume of products Designers can also embody the har-mony of the whole product through the shape of theproduct In order to personalize the product the designerdesigns the product by feeding back different information tothe consumers Improving the reliability of products canimprove the safety of users using products

Table 1 0e pairwise comparison judgment

Intensity ofimportance Explanation

1 Demand ai has equal importance to demand aj3 Demand ai has weak importance than demand aj5 Demand ai has essential importance than demand aj7 Demand ai is less important than demand aj13 Demand ai is slightly less important than demand aj15 Demand ai is obviously less important than demand

aj17 Demand ai is extremely unimportant than demand aj

Table 2 Average random consistency index

n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9RI 0 0 058 094 112 124 132 141 145

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 5

Table 3 Modeling features of the hand-held rotary tiller

Sample Modeling feature Characteristic analysis Typical sample

Sample 1 Rotary tiller knife and other tools can be replaced

Sample 2 Wheels and rotary tillage knife position put to thefront

Sample 3 Traditional modeling

Sample 4 Hand-held rotary tiller was adjustable

Table 4 12 pairs of adjectives and their antonyms

Num Adjective pairs1 Comfortable-uncomfortable4 Dynamic-static7 Steady-light10 Easy-laborious2 Hard-weak5 Safe-dangerous8 Advanced-outdated11 Holistic-partial3 Practical-gaudy6 Individual-common9 Gorgeous-simple12 Harmonious-disharmonious

Table 5 PCA of semantic features of style

ComponentsInitial eigenvalue Extracting the sum of squares

Total Variance contribution()

Cumulative contribution() Total Variance contribution

()Cumulative contribution

()1 5876 48965 48965 5876 48965 489652 1617 13477 62442 1617 13477 624423 1322 11019 73460 1322 11019 734604 1009 8412 81872 1009 8412 81872 12 0010 0086 100000

6 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

In order to improve the practicability of products de-signers can adopt the principle of adaptability and versatilityin TRIZ theory Since the change in appearance structureaffects the shape parameters the invention is applied to thestatistical principle of the shape parameters used in thecontradiction matrix as shown in Table 7 0e inventionprinciple with higher usage rate is selected so that theoriginal understanding of the appearance structure design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller is provided and the improvementdescription of the inductive design of the hand-held rotarytiller is proposed as shown in Table 80ere are 17 principlesof invention for design (C10 Prior action C1 SegmentationC14 Spheroidality C15 Dynamicity C32 Changing thecolor C34 Rejecting and regenerating parts C35 Trans-formation of physical and chemical states of an object C2Extraction C4 Asymmetry C29 Use a pneumatic or hy-draulic construction C40 Composite materials C13 In-version C22 Convert harm into benefit C26 Copying C5Combining C17 Moving to a new dimension C28 Re-placement of a mechanical system)

According to the interpretation of the invention theshape of the hand-held rotary tiller was initially drawn byhand Designers can propose the direction of design throughthe inspiration of the principle of invention In order toembody the dynamics and coordination of the scheme thedesigner can use streamlined body language to form aconcise and harmonious overall form of the handrail con-necting rod and the head of the hand-held rotary tiller andmatch the reasonable color matching proportion to reducethe volume of the machine in the visual sense In order toreflect the comfort of the scheme the designer can divide themain view and the top view of the rotary tiller reasonably soas to stimulate the userrsquos sense of stability of themachine (seeFigure 3)

System component function analysis is a process ofmodeling system function0emodel should include systemcomponents hypersystem components objects and so onOn this basis the functional model diagram of the hand-heldrotary tiller was constructed as shown in Figure 4 Func-tional model diagrams can help designers understand thesystem identify the problems in the system identify thetypes of problems get inspiration to solve related problemsand then find appropriate solutions for each type of prob-lems in a precise way 0e designer first establishes thecomponent hierarchy model by component analysis then

analyses the relationship between system components es-tablishes the system component relationship model andestablishes the functional model System component func-tion analysis of the hand-held rotary tiller the operator issafe when both hands leave the handle of the hand-heldrotary tiller System components switch hand-held con-necting rods chassis motor rotary tillage knife wheels andtransmission hypersystem components vegetation and soilObjects handles and rotary blade

As shown in Table 9 through the analysis of the relevantengineering parameters in the TRIZ conflict matrix thedesigner has obtained the functional requirements of thehand-held rotary tiller as well as the principles of the in-vention to solve the corresponding problems In Table 9 (12)denotes the engineering parameter serial number and 1 de-notes the serial number of the inventive principle

In Table 10 ldquordquo indicates that the principle is the optimalsolution ldquordquo indicates that the principle needs to be con-sidered and ldquordquo means that the principle was constrainedby the current system and structure or cannot work [23] Forinstance in consideration of safety the physicalchemicalparameters of the existing hand-held rotary tiller had beenbasically determined and it was not necessary to increase thecost to change them Cushion in advance was less innovativebut it is worthy of consideration Segmentation rushingthrough and partial or overdone action were not useful forsafety Replacement of a mechanical system was a new ideathat should be taken into consideration

Several principles with ldquordquo and ldquordquo in Table 11 are il-lustrated in Table 12 for technical improvement of the hand-held rotary tiller

As shown in Table 11 the technical improvements(replacement of mechanical systems porous materialscomposites and dynamics) made by the designer on thehand-held rotary tiller do not conflict with the appearanceimprovements in Table 9 (dynamic harmonious and in-dividual) 0is indicated that the conceptual design can becontinued According to the interpretation of the inventionprinciples the functional technology of the hand-held rotarytiller was preliminarily conceived (see Figure 5)

According to the improvement of product appearanceand function technology explained by the invention prin-ciples three-dimensional modeling and rendering of theproduct were carried out by computer-aided technologyDesigners should meet the physiological and psychological

Table 6 Perceptual design of the hand-held rotary tiller idealized model

Emotionalwords TRIZ engineering parameters Current situation Idealized model

Exteriorstructure

DynamicWeight of stationary object

shape and loss of information

Monotonous old-fashioned colormatching poor systematicdesign and lack of corporate

identity information

Harmonious color design refinedgeometrical shape and full ofcorporate identity information

HarmoniousIndividual

Functionaltechnology

Safety Reliability harmful factorsproduced by objects andadaptability and versatility

Knife will hurt the operator andlacking ergonomic design

Safety high efficiencycomfortable ergonomic design

and reinforced structuralstructures

Comfortable

Practical

All TRIZ engineering parameters in Table 6 come from the 39 engineering parameters in TRIZ

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 7

needs of consumers when designing the appearance andtechnical functions of hand-held rotary tiller In computer-aided modeling the designer extracts some elements of the

front shape of the cattle for the front design of the hand-heldrotary tiller and assembles the front and the hand-held rodinto the head image of the cattle e traditional image of

First Second Third 1 2 3 4 5

Dynamic 3 1 2

Harmonious 5 1 2

Individual 5 1 2

Safety 39 1 2

Comfortable 13 1 2

Practical 33 1 2

5

4

3

2

1

Relative importance 012 014 003 025 022 024

Importance rating (10 ratings) 5 6 1 10 9 10

Absolute importance 180 210 45 384 333 354

Technical assessment 2 2

1 1 1

2 1 1 1 2 2

3 1 3 9

Target Value

Para

met

ric d

esig

n of

inte

gral

mod

elin

g

Usin

g ge

omet

ry b

ioni

c des

ign

Uni

fied

colo

r mat

chin

g an

d ad

ded

war

ning

signs

St

reng

then

the s

truc

ture

and

impr

ove t

hean

ti-vi

brat

ion

perfo

rman

ce

Set u

p pr

ecau

tions

Impr

ovem

ent o

f hum

an-m

achi

nepe

rform

ance

of h

andl

e and

rota

ry ti

llers

High-quality hand-held

rotary tiller

Exterior structure

Functional technology

3 3 9 3 1

3 3 9 1

3 9 1

3 9

1 2 3 4 5 6

3 3

9 Strong relation 3 Medium relation 1 Weak relation

Strong positive correlation Weak positive correlation

times Strong negative correlation Weak negative correlation

Market competitiveness evaluation

1 Current status 2 Competitor

Dem

and

impo

rtan

ce

Wei

ght o

f sta

tiona

ry o

bjec

t

Shap

e

Loss

of i

nfor

mat

ion

Relia

bilit

y

Har

mfu

l fac

tors

pro

duce

d by

obj

ects

Ada

ptab

ility

and

vers

atili

ty

times

Customer demand expansion

times

Technical indicators

Figure 2 Innovative design model for agricultural machinery products

8 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Table 7 Number of times inventive principles are used by improving shape parameters

Principle ofinvention Num Principle of

invention Num Principle of invention Num Principle of invention Num

1 Segmentation 9 11 Cushion inadvance 0 21 Rushing through 0 31 Use of Porous material 0

2 Extraction 5 12 Equipotentiality 0 22 Convert harm into benefit 4 32 Changing the color 73 Localconditions 2 13 Inversion 4 23 Feedback 0 33 Homogeneity 1

4 Asymmetry 5 14 Spheroidality 9 24 Mediator 0 34 Rejecting and regeneratingparts 7

5 Combining 3 15 Dynamicity 9 25 Self-service 1 35 Transformation of physicaland chemical states of an object 6

6 Universality 2 16 Partial oroverdone action 2 26 Copying 4 36 Phase transition 1

7 Nesting 2 17 Moving to a newdimension 3

27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive

durable one0 37 0ermal expansion 1

8 Counterweight 1 18 Mechanicalvibration 2 28 Replacement of a mechanical

system 3 38 Using strong oxidizers 0

9 Prior counter 1 19 Periodic action 1 29 Use a pneumatic or hydraulicconstruction 5 39 Inert environment 1

10 Prior action 10 20 Continuity ofuseful action 0 30 Flexible film or hydraulic

construction 2 40 Composite materials 5

Table 8 Description of appearance improvements of hand-held rotary tiller

Appearance Original understanding Description of improvement

Dynamic

Segmentation curved surfacedynamic characteristicsphysicalchemical change

combination

Curved surface design geometric scale bright andrefreshing feeling

Harmonious

Preactiondiscard or regenerate

extractionpneumatic and hydraulic structures

spatial dimension changemechanical system substitution

Parametric design concise and harmonious matchcolors for design the sense of volume in geometric

form

Individual

Change the colorcompositeasymmetry

spatial dimension change

Reasonable division of the layout systematic designchange harmful factors to favourable factors

All the original understandings come from TRIZ theory

(a) (b)

Figure 3 Hand drawing of the hand-held rotary tiller

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 9

bull head has been reinterpreted into the modern image ofbull head as shown in Figure 6 It expressed the traditionalcultivation culture Finally we used computer-aided in-dustrial design software to model the hand-held rotary tillerwith this image and obtained an innovative conceptualdesign scheme as shown in Figures 7 and 8

33 Design Evaluation for Hand-Held Rotary Tiller In orderto verify the reliability and innovation of conceptual designa conceptual scheme evaluation map was made with four

typical samples as shown in Figure 9 0e weight of fiveschemes were calculated by the AHP and construction ofjudgment matrix and the evaluation results of conceptualdesign scheme and other typical sample schemes were ob-tained [24]

0ree aspects of the 5 schemes modeling function andcolor matching were evaluated to find out an innovativehand-held rotary tiller design scheme (see Figure 10) In thiswork the evaluation weight was confirmed by several ex-perts including two industrial design experts and two ag-ricultural machinery design experts 0e results were more

Switch Hand connecting rod Motor

Chassis

GearingWheel

Handle

Rotary blade

Vegetation

Soil

Hold Support

Support

Control

Hold

SupportControl Control

DriveSupport

Support

Obstacle

Obstacle

Adhesion

Adhesion

Conrol

Control

Control

System component

Hypersystem component

Object

Normal functionInadequate function

Harmful function

Figure 4 System component function analysis of the hand-held rotary tiller

Table 9 Analysis on engineering parameters of hand-held rotary tillers

Emotionalwords Function Improvement factors Deteriorating factors TRIZ solution

SafetySafety (27) Reliability

(9) Speed 1 Segmentation 11 Cushion in advance21 Rushing through 16 Partial or

overdone action 28 Replacement of amechanical system 35 Transformation ofphysical and chemical states of an object

(12) Shape

Antivibration (31) Harmful factors sideeffects (36) Complexity of device 1 Segmentation 19 Periodic action 31

Use of porous materials

Comfortable Antiskid (27) Reliability (30) Harmful factors acting onobject

2 Extraction 27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive durable one

35 Transformation of physical andchemical states of an object 40 Composite

materials

Practical Practical (35) Adaptability (36) Complexity of equipment

15 Dynamicity 28 Replacement of amechanical system 29 Use a pneumatic or

hydraulic construction 37 0ermalexpansion

All Arabic numerals in Table 9 are the serial numbers in the TRIZ conflict matrix

10 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

objective because both of them were very familiar with thehand-held rotary tiller [25] And several judgment matriceswere constructed according to the data of questionnaires0rough the evaluation matrix the designer determines therequirement weighting coefficients of the criterion layer andthe scheme layer

331 Construction of Judgment Matrix

(1) Constructing judgment matrix As1 of the criterionlayer (s 1 2 3 and 4 where s stands for expert t 12 3 4 5 and 6 where t stands for scheme)

A11

1 315

13

15

1

13

113

13

15

13

5 3 1 3 1 5

3 313

113

5

5 5 1 3 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Table 10 Functional principles of the hand-held rotary tiller

Function Principle Principle elaboration

Safety

Replacement of a mechanical system Cushion in advance

Segmentation Rushing through

Partial or overdone action Transformation of physical and chemical states of an

object

Replacement of a mechanical system was currently arelatively new idea that can be tracked further

Cushion in advance was less innovative but it neededstudying

Segmentation rushing through and partial oroverdone action were not useful for safetyIt was not necessary to increase the cost for

transformation of physical and chemical states of anobject

AntivibrationUse of porous materials

Periodic action Segmentation

Use of porous materials was useful for buffervibrations Periodic action may cause resonance

Segmentation was not appropriate for Antivibration

Antiskid

Composite materials An inexpensive short-life object instead of an

expensive durable oneTransformation of physical and chemical states of an

object Extraction

Composite materials can be considered emphatically0e inventive principle of cheap alternatives was

needed further analysis 0e principle thattransformation of physical and chemical states of ahand-held rotary tiller may increase costs was not

taken into accountExtraction was not very suitable for the product

Practical

Dynamicity Replacement of a mechanical system

Use a pneumatic or hydraulic construction0ermal expansion

Dynamicity deserves to be considered and used0e inventive principle of replacing mechanical systemsusing pneumatic or hydraulic structures can continue to

be tracked 0ermal expansion can be excludedAll the principles come from the 40 original principles of TRIZ

Table 11 Description of technical improvements of the hand-held rotary tiller

Principle name Description of improvement

Replacement of a mechanical system0epressure sensor in the handle of the hand-held rotary tiller can detect the pressure of theoperatorrsquos hands on the handle When an accident occurs the single chip microcomputer

built in the hand-held rotary tiller will cut off the motor and stop the work

Use of porous materials Porous materials can be used for sound insulation but also can reduce the quality andvibration of hand-held rotary tiller

Composite materials 0e composite material can be used to improve the strength and rigidity of the machineand reduce the quality of the hand-held rotary tiller

Dynamicity Hand-held connecting rod was adjustable Rotary tiller blade can be replaced

Table 12 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotarytillers

A11minus B A21minus B A31minus B A41minus B

ω(2)s1

00608 00470 00460 0052400348 00278 00460 0029003419 04242 03953 0413901597 01275 00985 0133003419 03233 03569 0315500608 00502 00573 00561

λmax 65433 65882 65313 65504CI 01087 01176 01063 01101CR 00876 00949 00857 00888 Accept

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 11

Chassis Motor

Rotary bladeWheel

Gearing

Handle

Wire Pressure sensors

Hand connecting rod

Monochip computers

Height adjustable

Replacement of blade

Figure 5 Functional system diagram of the hand-held rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Figure 6 Iterative design of front face pattern of the rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c)

Figure 7 Conceptual design scheme of the hand-held rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Figure 8 Color series of the hand-held rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Figure 9 Typical sample schemes and conceptual design scheme (a) Scheme 1 (b) Scheme 2 (c) Scheme 3 (d) Scheme 4 (e) Scheme 5

12 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

A21

1 317

13

17

1

13

115

13

15

13

7 5 1 5 1 7

3 315

113

5

7 5 1 3 1 3

1 317

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

A31

1 115

13

15

1

1 115

115

13

5 5 1 5 1 5

3 115

115

5

5 5 1 5 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

A41

1 317

13

15

1

13

115

13

15

13

7 5 1 5 1 5

3 315

113

5

5 5 1 3 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

(5)

(2) Constructing judgment matrix Bst of the schemelayer

B11

113

315

15

3 1 5 3 1

13

15

117

17

515

7 1 1

5 1 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B21

113

315

15

3 1 5 113

13

15

113

13

5 1 7 1 1

5 3 3 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B31

113

515

15

3 1 3 1 13

15

13

115

17

5 1 5 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Target layer Selection of innovation scheme for hand-held rotary tiller

Criterionlayer

B1Harmonious

B2Dynamic

B3Safety

B4Comfortable

B5Practical

B6Individual

Schemelayer

C1Scheme 1

C2Scheme 2

C3Scheme 3

C1Scheme 1

C5Scheme 5

Figure 10 Hierarchical model of the hand-held rotary tiller

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 13

B41

113

315

13

3 1 515

13

13

15

115

15

5 5 5 1 3

3 3 513

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B12

113

15

15

15

3 1 3 5 1

15

13

115

17

515

5 1 1

5 1 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B22

113

513

13

3 1 3 1 115

13

115

15

3 1 5 113

3 1 5 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B32

113

515

15

3 1 313

13

15

13

117

17

5 3 7 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B42

113

515

17

3 1 313

13

15

13

115

15

5 3 5 1 1

7 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B13

115

13

17

15

5 1 3 113

313

113

17

7 1 3 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B23

113

113

15

3 1 313

13

113

115

17

3 3 5 113

5 3 5 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B33

113

315

17

3 1 313

15

13

13

117

17

5 5 3 113

7 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B43

113

113

15

3 1 315

15

113

115

15

315

5 1 1

5 5 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B14

113

13

15

15

3 1 113

15

1 1 113

17

5 3 3 113

5 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

14 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

B24

113

315

15

3 1 313

13

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 1 3

5 3 713

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B34

113

517

15

3 1 515

13

15

15

117

15

7 5 7 1 1

5 3 3 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B44

113

315

15

3 1 313

13

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 1 1

5 3 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B15

113

13

17

17

3 1 115

13

3 1 113

15

7 5 3 1 1

7 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B25 5

113

315

17

3 1 313

15

13

15

117

17

5 3 7 113

7 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B35

113

313

15

3 1 113

15

1 1 117

17

3 3 7 1 1

5 5 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B45

113

315

17

3 1 113

15

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 113

7 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B16

113

315

15

3 1 5 113

13

15

117

15

5 1 7 1 1

5 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B26

113

313

15

3 1 713

13

15

17

115

17

3 3 5 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B36

113

315

15

3 1 513

15

13

15

113

17

5 3 3 113

5 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 15

B46

113

515

17

3 1 513

15

15

15

115

17

5 3 5 1 1

7 5 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

(6)

332 Hierarchical Sequencing and Consistency Verification0e maximum eigenvalue λmax 65433 of the judgmentmatrix A11 was obtained by calculation and it was normalizedto ω(2)

11 (00608 00348 03419 01597 03419 00608) 0esix elements of the criterion layer are harmony dynamicssafety comfort practicality and individuality Consistency testis to test the coordination of the importance of each elementCI value of less than 1 indicates that consistency of thejudgmentmatrix is passed and the results are listed in Table 12

0e element bstij in the judgment matrix Bst is the comparisonmeasure of the superiority ofPt to C in the scheme layer (hand-held rotary tiller) 0e weight ω(3)

1t the maximum eigenvalueλmax and the consistency index CI1t were calculated from thecomparison judgment matrix B1t of the third layer and theresults are listed in Table 130e average of the total ranking ofthe scheme layers is shown in Table 14

After calculation the weight coefficient P of the 4 sampleschemes and a new conceptual design scheme of the targetlayer was obtained P1(C1) 007 P2(C2) 014 P3(C3)

006 P4(C4) 030 and P5(C5) 043 where Pt(C1) is theweight coefficient of sample 1 and so on 0erefore theinnovative conceptual design scheme was selected from thefive schemes because the weight coefficient of the conceptualdesign scheme P5(C5) was the largest one 043 0ismethod is effective and feasible for the innovative design ofagricultural machinery

4 Discussion

In order to improve the comprehensive quality of functionalproducts and meet the needs of users for product

Table 13 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotary tiller

B11ndashC B12ndashC B13ndashC B14ndashC B15ndashC B16ndashC Expert 1ω(3)1t 00815 00497 00417 00496 00434 00796

03322 03482 02016 01062 01063 0209100414 00465 00795 00797 01063 0043302290 02244 02156 02518 03720 0308603159 03312 04616 05127 03720 03594

λmax 52876 53691 52469 50252 50939 52194CI 00719 00923 00617 00063 00235 00548CR 00642 00824 00551 00056 00210 00490 Accept

B21ndashC B22ndashC B23ndashC B24ndashC B25ndashC B26ndashC Expert 2ω(3)2t 00856 01172 00712 00749 00658 00927

02247 02547 01524 01425 01209 0170500611 00502 00643 00422 00396 0034702799 02265 02619 04503 02726 0247303487 03515 04502 02902 05012 04547

λmax 54208 53773 52144 52785 52742 54268CI 01052 00943 00536 00696 00685 01067CR 00939 00842 00479 00622 00612 00935 Accept

B31ndashC B32ndashC B33ndashC B34ndashC B35ndashC B36ndashC Expert 3ω(3)3t 00855 00826 00669 00758 00692 00744

01832 01419 01231 01393 01074 0141600420 00379 00403 00359 00680 0044802247 02890 02595 04186 03393 0243404646 04485 05102 03304 04162 04957

λmax 53965 54257 53429 54404 52374 54451CI 00991 01064 00857 01101 00594 01113CR 00885 00950 00765 00983 00530 00994 Accept

B41ndashC B42ndashC B43ndashC B44ndashC B45ndashC B46ndashC Expert 4ω(3)4t 00846 00805 00697 00762 00658 00758

01454 01480 01216 01450 01209 0139300444 00452 00629 00429 00396 0035904757 03509 03538 03679 02726 0330402499 03754 03919 03679 05012 04186

λmax 54118 54301 52748 51295 52742 54404CI 01029 01075 00687 00324 00684 01101CR 00919 00960 00613 00289 00612 00983 Accept

16 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

personalization this paper puts forward the improvementexplanation of appearance and function and obtains the in-novative design scheme by introducing KE and TRIZ0eAHPwas used to evaluate the innovative design scheme Combiningwith the design of hand-held rotary tiller the correspondinginnovative design scheme was obtained and the design processwas attempted to be extended to other products 0e maincontent of the literature study [8 25 26] focused on the userrequirements mining or conceptual design stage and the re-searchers have not studied the application of detailed designstage and the subsequent evaluation of innovative design 0ispaper establishes an innovative design model from user needsmining conceptual design detailed design computer-aideddesign and scheme evaluation which is convenient for de-signers to design and develop products and also has a goodreference for innovative design of other products

However because the main research content of thispaper focuses on innovative design process the research onthe evaluation system of the scheme is insufficient In thefollowing work designers can introduce other design the-ories and methods to combine with existing research inorder to improve the process of innovative design

5 Conclusions

In order to improve the comprehensive quality of agricul-tural machinery products based on functional technologyand meet the needs of users the innovation design model ofagricultural machinery products based on KE-TRIZ wasconstructed

Firstly the designer used SD method and PCA methodto quantify and reduce the dimension of affective intentionwords aiming to select comprehensive variables repre-senting the needs of users Secondly by constructing a KE-TRIZ innovative design model the product appearance andfunction were innovatively designed and the contradictionbetween product appearance and function was analyzed tomake it well matched 0en taking the innovative design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as an example the applicationflow was described and the typical samples and designscheme were evaluated by the AHP which shows that themethod has obvious improvement in function and ap-pearance 0e KE-TRIZ method enables designers to designproducts more in line with the actual needs of users which iseffective and feasible for the innovative design of agriculturalmachinery

0e follow-up work is to further explore the integrationof technology cost and other multi-objective-driven in-novative designs of agricultural machinery products in orderto improve the applicability and integrity of the method

Data Availability

All data generated and analyzed during this study are in-cluded within the article

Conflicts of Interest

0e authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest

Authorsrsquo Contributions

Jian-wei Wang conceived and designed the study Jian-minZhang completed the design evaluation Jian-wei Wangcompleted product modeling Jian-min Zhang revised andpolished the manuscript All authors have read and ap-proved the final manuscript All authors contributed equallyto this work

Acknowledgments

0is work was supported by the Guizhou Natural ScienceFund Project (Guizhou Technology Cooperation SupportProgram (2017)1047) the Guizhou Science and TechnologyMajor Project (LH(2014)7629 LH(2016)7432 and LH(2017)7232) and the Academic New Seedling Cultivation andInnovation Exploration Specialization of Guizhou Univer-sity (Guizhou Platform Talents (2017)5788)

References

[1] G Q Yao C Q Xue and H Y Wang ldquoDesign method forcoach styling design based on image cognitionrdquo Journal ofSoutheast University Natural Science Edition vol 46 no 6pp 1198ndash1203 2016

[2] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei Engineering a new ergonomicconsumer-oriented technology for product developmentrdquoInternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 15 no 1pp 3ndash11 1995

[3] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei engineering as a powerful consumer-orientied technology for product developmentrdquo Applied Er-gonomics vol 33 no 3 pp 289ndash294 2002

[4] C E GolnooshRasoulifar and P Guy ldquoCommunicatingconsumer needs in the design process of branded productsrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015

[5] Y T Fu and S J Luo ldquoStyle perception-oriented productfamily shape gene designrdquo Comtuter IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 18 no 3 pp 449ndash457 2012

[6] L N Abdala R B Fernandes A Ogliari M Lower andJ Feldhusen ldquoCreative contributions of the methods of in-ventive principles of TRIZ and BioTRIZ to problem solvingrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 139 no 8 2017

[7] S Kim and B Yoon ldquoDeveloping a process of conceptgeneration for new product-service systems a QFD and

Table 14 Overall ranking result and average value of the third layer

Scheme Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 Scheme 5Expert 1 0048558458 0167268103 0083016534 0281635216 0419521689Expert 2 0072929489 0148099162 0051450184 0288521951 0438999215Expert 3 0070614603 0123757406 0050002922 0302460164 0453164905Expert 4 0070748371 0127513198 0049909632 0335077088 041675171Average value 006571273 0141659467 0058594818 0301923605 043210938

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 17

TRIZ-based approachrdquo Service Business vol 6 no 3pp 323ndash348 2012

[8] R H Tan R H Zhang F Liu and B J Yang ldquoTwo stagesanalogy-based conceptual design based on TRIZrdquo ComputerIntergrated Manufacturing Systems vol 12 no 3 pp 328ndash334 2006

[9] X Z Liu G N Qi J Z Fu B B Fan and J Xu ldquoA designprocess model of intergrated morphlolgical matrix andconflict resolving principlesrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 46 no 12 pp 2243ndash2258 2012

[10] Y H Cohen Y Reich and S Greenberg ldquoBiomineticsstructure-function patterns approachrdquo Journal of MechanicalDesign vol 136 no 11 2014

[11] L L Sun and F S Kong ldquoVisual comfort design of automobileseat based on Kansei engineering and TRIZ theoryrdquo Journal ofJinlin University Engineering and Technology Edition vol 44no 1 pp 106ndash110 2014

[12] W Chen C S Carolyn and Y Bernard ldquoSpecial issue userneeds and preferences in engineering designrdquo Journal ofMechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015

[13] Y X Huang C-H Chen and L P Khoo ldquoProducts clas-sification in emotional design using a basic-emotion basedsemantic differential methodrdquo International Journal of In-dustrial Ergonomics vol 42 no 6 pp 569ndash580 2012

[14] W Lu and J-F Petiot ldquoAffective design of products using anaudio-based protocol application to eyeglass framerdquo In-ternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 44 no 3pp 383ndash394 2014

[15] V Chulvi M C Gonzalez-Cruz E Mulet and J Aguilar-Zambrano ldquoInfluence of the type of idea-generation methodon the creativity of solutionsrdquo Research in Engineering Designvol 24 no 1 pp 33ndash41 2013

[16] B Mannan and Abid Haleem ldquoUnderstanding major di-mensions and determinants that help in diffusion amp adoptionof product innovation using AHP approachrdquo Journal ofGlobal Entrepreneurship Research vol 7 no 1 pp 1ndash24 2017

[17] T Wang and M R Liu ldquoApplication of QFD and AHP inrailway freight transportationrdquo Computer IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 24 no 1 pp 264ndash271 2018

[18] H-N Hsish J F Chen and Q H Du ldquoApplying TRIZ andfuzzy AHP based on lean production to develop an innovativedesign of a new shape for machine toolsrdquo Information vol 6no 1 pp 89ndash110 2015

[19] L-C Chen and L Lin ldquoOptimization of product configu-ration design using functional requirements and constraintsrdquoResearch in Engineering Design vol 13 no 3 pp 167ndash1822002

[20] Y Li M-D Shieh C-C Yang and L Zhu ldquoApplication offuzzy-based hybrid taguchi method for multiobjective opti-mization of product form designrdquo Mathematical Problems inEngineering vol 2018 Article ID 9091514 18 pages 2018

[21] Y Q Xu K Chen H B Qin and Z Y Wang ldquoStudy on theapplication of Kansei engineering in product form designrdquoApplied Mechanics and Materials vol 274 pp 513ndash516 2013

[22] S Hede P V Ferreira M N Lopes and L A Rocha ldquoTRIZand the paradigms of social sustainability in product devel-opment endeavorsrdquo Procedia Engineering vol 131 pp 522ndash538 2015

[23] Z Liu D Hu Y Gao et al ldquoTRIZ based revised design fordisassembly of joint structurerdquo Journal of Mechanical Engi-neering vol 48 no 11 pp 65ndash71 2012

[24] X Ji X J Gu F Dai et al ldquoBioTRIZ-based product in-novative design processrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 48 no 1 pp 35ndash41 2014

[25] X L Li W Zhao Y K Zheng R Wang and C WangldquoInnovative product design based on comprehensive cus-tomer requirements of different cognitive levelsrdquo lte Sci-entific World Journal vol 2014 Article ID 627093 11 pages2014

[26] G D Zhai Z H Liang and M Y Li ldquoStudy on the Opti-mization model of a flexible transmissionrdquo MathematicalProblems in Engineering vol 2019 Article ID 508457312 pages 2019

18 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Applied MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Probability and StatisticsHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical PhysicsAdvances in

Complex AnalysisJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

OptimizationJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Engineering Mathematics

International Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Operations ResearchAdvances in

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Function SpacesAbstract and Applied AnalysisHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2013Hindawiwwwhindawicom

The Scientific World Journal

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018Volume 2018

Numerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisAdvances inAdvances in Discrete Dynamics in

Nature and SocietyHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom

Dierential EquationsInternational Journal of

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Decision SciencesAdvances in

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

AnalysisInternational Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Stochastic AnalysisInternational Journal of

Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom

Page 3: Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of ...downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2019/8179851.pdf · ResearchArticle Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of Agricultural

literature and consulting relevant design experts Inorder to meet the requirements of dierent levels ofusers on the cognitive characteristics of the designobjects image adjectives describing the design ob-jects were strictly selected as experimental variablesby means of SD [13]

(2) Analysis of the elements of modeling design a largenumber of samples were collected excluding theinuence of material and brand After discussingwith experts and engineers with relevant experiencethe samples were classied according to the shapeand structure of the product and then the

Design object

Establishment of sample base

Key geometric features

Representative sample

Perceptual engineering

Emotional lexical pair

Preliminary engineeringPrincipal component analysis

SD survey method

Step 1 user requirement analysis

21

3

Conceptual design models

39 engineering parameters

Appearance Function

40 principles of invention

Detailed design

QFDConstruction

Appearance structure model Functional technology model

Is there a contradiction

Technological conflict Physical conflict

Standard solution Scientific effect

TRIZ

tool

box

Computer-aided design

Component analysis

Interaction analysis

Functional model diagramFunc

tion

anal

ysis

Sample scheme

Analytic hierarchy process

Determine the final plan

Subject scheme

Evaluation

Expert

Judgment matrix

Step 2 innovative designbased on KE-TRIZ

Step 3 design evaluation

1

2

3

NoYes

Figure 1 Innovative design model for agricultural machinery products

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 3

representative samples were selected according to thetypical characteristic combination of the product

(3) Screening and dimension reduction of perceptualpaired words according to the degree of affiliation ofthe perceptual vocabulary which was analyzed andsummed up perceptual word pairs of the typicalsamples in reclaimed questionnaire data were scoredby a 7-point Likert scale method and analyzed byCronbachrsquos alpha method and reliability analysis0e K Langbach coefficient method can test thereliability and consistency of the survey results PCA[14] can be used to extract a small number of per-ceptual vocabularies which can represent most of theperceptual vocabulary variables 0e PCA methodwas used to select the main perceptual vocabulary bythe contribution rate of each index and 4ndash6 pairs ofperceptual vocabulary were screened out ultimately

α k

k minus 11 minus

1113936ki1S

2i

S2x1113890 1113891 (1)

where α is the statistical factor in the K Langbach coefficientmethod k is the number of items S2i is the variance of theitem i and S2x is the overall solution variance for all items

When α is larger than 08 the questionnaire data arereliable

22 Step 2 Innovative Design Based on KE-TRIZ(1) Creating conceptual design models the above 4ndash6

pairs of perceptual words were classified into twogroups based on KE One group is about the ap-pearance structure model and the other is about thefunctional technology model Based on the existingagricultural machinery product situation [15] aconceptual agricultural machinery design model wasconstructed in each group preliminarily

(2) Detailed design by analyzing the perceptual image ofthe agricultural machinery product finding out theengineering parameters of agricultural machineryproducts which need to be improve and then car-rying out the contradiction total matrix analysis iswhich based on TRIZ a series of inventive principleswere obtained and analyzed so as to put forward thedetailed design principles of the agricultural ma-chinery product 0e contradiction between theappearance structure model and function technologymodel was analyzed If there was a contradiction thedesigner used TRIZ toolbox to analyze the designmodel in detail which makes the design model moreperfect

(3) Computer-aided design according to the above stepsagricultural machinery products were designed bycomputer-aided industrial design software

23 Step 3 Design Evaluation In order to objectivelyevaluate the conceptual design of agricultural machineryproducts the AHP was used to evaluate the innovative

design scheme and the previous selection of typical agri-cultural machinery samples [16] 0e AHP was used for thiswork because it has good objectivity and practicability [17]0e basic steps of the AHP are shown as follows

(1) In determining the high-quality agricultural ma-chinery product scheme the hierarchical structure ofthe system should be established target layer cri-terion layer and scheme layer

(2) Compare the indicators of criterion layer with theindicators of scheme layer to determine the weightcoefficient of each layer As shown in Table 1 ajudgment matrix A (B) was constructed

A(B) aij1113872 1113873ntimesn

(2)

A series of pairwise comparisons was made betweenA and B at the same level using the nine-point scalewhich included all the odd numbers ranged from oneto nine and their reciprocal values In this steppairwise comparative matrices are formulated for allevaluation criteria [18]

(3) Calculate the relative importance of elements under asingle criterion 0e feature vector W(23) and themaximum eigenvalue λmax of the judgment matrix A(B) are calculated Eigenvalues are the weight vectorsamong the indexes and themaximum eigenvalues areused to test the consistency of the judgment matrices

CR CIRI

CI λmax minus n

n minus 1

λmax 1n

1113944

n

i1

1113936(nj 1)aijωj

ωi

(3)

where CI is the consistency index RI is the averagerandom consistency index (as shown in Table 2) andλis the eigenvalue of the matrixWhen CRlt 01 it means that the judgment matrix isacceptable [19]

(4) Calculate the weight of the scheme layer to the targetlayer P 0e equation is presented as follows

P ω(3)1 ω(3)

2 ω(3)31113872 1113873ω(2)

(4)

3 Innovative Design and Evaluation for Hand-Held Rotary Tiller

31 User Requirement Analysis (URA) for Hand-Held RotaryTiller 0e steps of KE are as follows (1) target productsamples and emotional image vocabulary collection (2)preliminary clustering of perceptual vocabulary throughquestionnaires and (3) use PCA to reduce the dimension ofperceptual vocabulary and extract perceptual vocabularythat best represents users

4 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

0is work took the innovative design of the hand-heldrotary tiller as an example to illustrate the method Firstly100 perceptual vocabularies related to hand-held rotarytillers were extracted from the objective natural language ofusers 0rough Taobao physical stores and official websitesdesigners collected a large number of samples and con-ducted a large number of analysis and screening 0en thedesigner analyzed the characteristics of the hand-held rotarytiller and selected four typical samples according to themodeling characteristics of the rotary tiller 0e experimentfinally selected 4 kinds of hand-held rotary tillers as typicalsamples and they are shown in Table 3 0en 10 seniordesigners and 20 rival rotary tillers drivers were selected asrespondents Among them 4 designers majored in agri-cultural machinery 6 designers were graduate students inindustrial design 5 drivers had no operation experience and15 drivers had driving experience In the questionnairethere were 12 pairs of adjectives and their antonyms whichwere extracted as reference words for the style description ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as shown shown in Table 4However some adjectives were overlaps in semantics 0eywere given marks according to the Likert 7-point scalemethod for four representative hand-held rotary samplesAnd 6 pairs among them were selected by PCA and theywere thought as representative semantic adjectives for thehand-held rotary tillers [20]

30 Likert 7-point scale questionnaires were designedaccording to the above theory In order to analyze the re-liability of the questionnaire data the reliability of thequestionnaire data was tested by reliability analysis by usingSPSS 50 0e reliability statistics is 0885 which is greaterthan 08 To conclude the 12 pairs of adjectives and theirantonyms in these questionnaires are reliable

A group of new variables was obtained by PCA 0econtribution of variance of these new variables is not thesame 0e extraction of common factors is essentially todetermine some factors from which the information of theoriginal variables can be explained the most All the factorswith selectable eigenvalue greater than a certain critical valueare used as common factors and all the factors with selectableeigenvalue greater than 1 were extracted as common factors

0e data in Table 5 show the eigenvalues variance contri-bution and cumulative variance contribution of the factorsafter the extraction of common factors and after rotation [21]

12 groups of adjectives and antonyms were analyzed inSPSS and the results are shown in Table 6 0ere were sixpairs of adjectives and antonyms related to the principalcomponent the first group included dynamic-static andharmonious-disharmonious the second group consisted ofcomfortable-uncomfortable and practical-gaudy the thirdgroup included safe-dangerous and the fourth groupconsisted of individual-common

0ese four principal components contribute to 81872of the modeling style semantic feature information that is tosay these four style semantic feature principal componentscan well describe the modeling style features of the testsample cases

32 Innovative Design Based on KE and TRIZ for Hand-HeldRotary Tiller Quality function deployment (QFD) translatescustomer or market requirements into design requirementsprocess requirements and production requirements In orderto initially construct an idealizedmodel the house of quality isbuilt by means of the selected perceptual vocabulary andrelevant TRIZ invention principles and the relationshipbetween customer requirements and the performance of thecorresponding products is determined by means of QFDtheoretical knowledge which lays a foundation for the ap-plication of TRIZ later Building a House of Quality (HOQ)mainly includes the following steps (1) calculating user needsand their weights (2) 9 3 and 1 represent values of the strongmedium and weak relation respectively and the relationmatrix is established according to the values (3) the designerestablishes the floor of the HOQ by determining the targetvalue of the quality characteristics (4) competitive analysiscollect the products of the rotary tiller and establish thecompetitive ability evaluation matrix (the competitive abilityis expressed by 1sim5 1 is the worst 5 is the best) (5) technicalcapability evaluation according to the evaluation of pro-fessionals and their own experience the technical capability ofthe current products is compared with that of the competitiveproducts in the important characteristics and the technicalcapability matrix is established and (6) evaluation of therelationship between quality characteristics 0e results areshown in Figure 2

Based on the mapping of representative perceptualvocabulary with the engineering parameters of TRIZ and thecurrent situation of the hand-held rotary tiller the idealizedmodel of hand-held rotary tiller design is preliminarilyconstructed from two aspects of exterior structure andfunction technology as shown in Table 6 [22] Designers canrefer to the weight of stationary objects in TRIZ and createthe dynamic sensibility of products through the overallvolume of products Designers can also embody the har-mony of the whole product through the shape of theproduct In order to personalize the product the designerdesigns the product by feeding back different information tothe consumers Improving the reliability of products canimprove the safety of users using products

Table 1 0e pairwise comparison judgment

Intensity ofimportance Explanation

1 Demand ai has equal importance to demand aj3 Demand ai has weak importance than demand aj5 Demand ai has essential importance than demand aj7 Demand ai is less important than demand aj13 Demand ai is slightly less important than demand aj15 Demand ai is obviously less important than demand

aj17 Demand ai is extremely unimportant than demand aj

Table 2 Average random consistency index

n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9RI 0 0 058 094 112 124 132 141 145

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 5

Table 3 Modeling features of the hand-held rotary tiller

Sample Modeling feature Characteristic analysis Typical sample

Sample 1 Rotary tiller knife and other tools can be replaced

Sample 2 Wheels and rotary tillage knife position put to thefront

Sample 3 Traditional modeling

Sample 4 Hand-held rotary tiller was adjustable

Table 4 12 pairs of adjectives and their antonyms

Num Adjective pairs1 Comfortable-uncomfortable4 Dynamic-static7 Steady-light10 Easy-laborious2 Hard-weak5 Safe-dangerous8 Advanced-outdated11 Holistic-partial3 Practical-gaudy6 Individual-common9 Gorgeous-simple12 Harmonious-disharmonious

Table 5 PCA of semantic features of style

ComponentsInitial eigenvalue Extracting the sum of squares

Total Variance contribution()

Cumulative contribution() Total Variance contribution

()Cumulative contribution

()1 5876 48965 48965 5876 48965 489652 1617 13477 62442 1617 13477 624423 1322 11019 73460 1322 11019 734604 1009 8412 81872 1009 8412 81872 12 0010 0086 100000

6 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

In order to improve the practicability of products de-signers can adopt the principle of adaptability and versatilityin TRIZ theory Since the change in appearance structureaffects the shape parameters the invention is applied to thestatistical principle of the shape parameters used in thecontradiction matrix as shown in Table 7 0e inventionprinciple with higher usage rate is selected so that theoriginal understanding of the appearance structure design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller is provided and the improvementdescription of the inductive design of the hand-held rotarytiller is proposed as shown in Table 80ere are 17 principlesof invention for design (C10 Prior action C1 SegmentationC14 Spheroidality C15 Dynamicity C32 Changing thecolor C34 Rejecting and regenerating parts C35 Trans-formation of physical and chemical states of an object C2Extraction C4 Asymmetry C29 Use a pneumatic or hy-draulic construction C40 Composite materials C13 In-version C22 Convert harm into benefit C26 Copying C5Combining C17 Moving to a new dimension C28 Re-placement of a mechanical system)

According to the interpretation of the invention theshape of the hand-held rotary tiller was initially drawn byhand Designers can propose the direction of design throughthe inspiration of the principle of invention In order toembody the dynamics and coordination of the scheme thedesigner can use streamlined body language to form aconcise and harmonious overall form of the handrail con-necting rod and the head of the hand-held rotary tiller andmatch the reasonable color matching proportion to reducethe volume of the machine in the visual sense In order toreflect the comfort of the scheme the designer can divide themain view and the top view of the rotary tiller reasonably soas to stimulate the userrsquos sense of stability of themachine (seeFigure 3)

System component function analysis is a process ofmodeling system function0emodel should include systemcomponents hypersystem components objects and so onOn this basis the functional model diagram of the hand-heldrotary tiller was constructed as shown in Figure 4 Func-tional model diagrams can help designers understand thesystem identify the problems in the system identify thetypes of problems get inspiration to solve related problemsand then find appropriate solutions for each type of prob-lems in a precise way 0e designer first establishes thecomponent hierarchy model by component analysis then

analyses the relationship between system components es-tablishes the system component relationship model andestablishes the functional model System component func-tion analysis of the hand-held rotary tiller the operator issafe when both hands leave the handle of the hand-heldrotary tiller System components switch hand-held con-necting rods chassis motor rotary tillage knife wheels andtransmission hypersystem components vegetation and soilObjects handles and rotary blade

As shown in Table 9 through the analysis of the relevantengineering parameters in the TRIZ conflict matrix thedesigner has obtained the functional requirements of thehand-held rotary tiller as well as the principles of the in-vention to solve the corresponding problems In Table 9 (12)denotes the engineering parameter serial number and 1 de-notes the serial number of the inventive principle

In Table 10 ldquordquo indicates that the principle is the optimalsolution ldquordquo indicates that the principle needs to be con-sidered and ldquordquo means that the principle was constrainedby the current system and structure or cannot work [23] Forinstance in consideration of safety the physicalchemicalparameters of the existing hand-held rotary tiller had beenbasically determined and it was not necessary to increase thecost to change them Cushion in advance was less innovativebut it is worthy of consideration Segmentation rushingthrough and partial or overdone action were not useful forsafety Replacement of a mechanical system was a new ideathat should be taken into consideration

Several principles with ldquordquo and ldquordquo in Table 11 are il-lustrated in Table 12 for technical improvement of the hand-held rotary tiller

As shown in Table 11 the technical improvements(replacement of mechanical systems porous materialscomposites and dynamics) made by the designer on thehand-held rotary tiller do not conflict with the appearanceimprovements in Table 9 (dynamic harmonious and in-dividual) 0is indicated that the conceptual design can becontinued According to the interpretation of the inventionprinciples the functional technology of the hand-held rotarytiller was preliminarily conceived (see Figure 5)

According to the improvement of product appearanceand function technology explained by the invention prin-ciples three-dimensional modeling and rendering of theproduct were carried out by computer-aided technologyDesigners should meet the physiological and psychological

Table 6 Perceptual design of the hand-held rotary tiller idealized model

Emotionalwords TRIZ engineering parameters Current situation Idealized model

Exteriorstructure

DynamicWeight of stationary object

shape and loss of information

Monotonous old-fashioned colormatching poor systematicdesign and lack of corporate

identity information

Harmonious color design refinedgeometrical shape and full ofcorporate identity information

HarmoniousIndividual

Functionaltechnology

Safety Reliability harmful factorsproduced by objects andadaptability and versatility

Knife will hurt the operator andlacking ergonomic design

Safety high efficiencycomfortable ergonomic design

and reinforced structuralstructures

Comfortable

Practical

All TRIZ engineering parameters in Table 6 come from the 39 engineering parameters in TRIZ

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 7

needs of consumers when designing the appearance andtechnical functions of hand-held rotary tiller In computer-aided modeling the designer extracts some elements of the

front shape of the cattle for the front design of the hand-heldrotary tiller and assembles the front and the hand-held rodinto the head image of the cattle e traditional image of

First Second Third 1 2 3 4 5

Dynamic 3 1 2

Harmonious 5 1 2

Individual 5 1 2

Safety 39 1 2

Comfortable 13 1 2

Practical 33 1 2

5

4

3

2

1

Relative importance 012 014 003 025 022 024

Importance rating (10 ratings) 5 6 1 10 9 10

Absolute importance 180 210 45 384 333 354

Technical assessment 2 2

1 1 1

2 1 1 1 2 2

3 1 3 9

Target Value

Para

met

ric d

esig

n of

inte

gral

mod

elin

g

Usin

g ge

omet

ry b

ioni

c des

ign

Uni

fied

colo

r mat

chin

g an

d ad

ded

war

ning

signs

St

reng

then

the s

truc

ture

and

impr

ove t

hean

ti-vi

brat

ion

perfo

rman

ce

Set u

p pr

ecau

tions

Impr

ovem

ent o

f hum

an-m

achi

nepe

rform

ance

of h

andl

e and

rota

ry ti

llers

High-quality hand-held

rotary tiller

Exterior structure

Functional technology

3 3 9 3 1

3 3 9 1

3 9 1

3 9

1 2 3 4 5 6

3 3

9 Strong relation 3 Medium relation 1 Weak relation

Strong positive correlation Weak positive correlation

times Strong negative correlation Weak negative correlation

Market competitiveness evaluation

1 Current status 2 Competitor

Dem

and

impo

rtan

ce

Wei

ght o

f sta

tiona

ry o

bjec

t

Shap

e

Loss

of i

nfor

mat

ion

Relia

bilit

y

Har

mfu

l fac

tors

pro

duce

d by

obj

ects

Ada

ptab

ility

and

vers

atili

ty

times

Customer demand expansion

times

Technical indicators

Figure 2 Innovative design model for agricultural machinery products

8 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Table 7 Number of times inventive principles are used by improving shape parameters

Principle ofinvention Num Principle of

invention Num Principle of invention Num Principle of invention Num

1 Segmentation 9 11 Cushion inadvance 0 21 Rushing through 0 31 Use of Porous material 0

2 Extraction 5 12 Equipotentiality 0 22 Convert harm into benefit 4 32 Changing the color 73 Localconditions 2 13 Inversion 4 23 Feedback 0 33 Homogeneity 1

4 Asymmetry 5 14 Spheroidality 9 24 Mediator 0 34 Rejecting and regeneratingparts 7

5 Combining 3 15 Dynamicity 9 25 Self-service 1 35 Transformation of physicaland chemical states of an object 6

6 Universality 2 16 Partial oroverdone action 2 26 Copying 4 36 Phase transition 1

7 Nesting 2 17 Moving to a newdimension 3

27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive

durable one0 37 0ermal expansion 1

8 Counterweight 1 18 Mechanicalvibration 2 28 Replacement of a mechanical

system 3 38 Using strong oxidizers 0

9 Prior counter 1 19 Periodic action 1 29 Use a pneumatic or hydraulicconstruction 5 39 Inert environment 1

10 Prior action 10 20 Continuity ofuseful action 0 30 Flexible film or hydraulic

construction 2 40 Composite materials 5

Table 8 Description of appearance improvements of hand-held rotary tiller

Appearance Original understanding Description of improvement

Dynamic

Segmentation curved surfacedynamic characteristicsphysicalchemical change

combination

Curved surface design geometric scale bright andrefreshing feeling

Harmonious

Preactiondiscard or regenerate

extractionpneumatic and hydraulic structures

spatial dimension changemechanical system substitution

Parametric design concise and harmonious matchcolors for design the sense of volume in geometric

form

Individual

Change the colorcompositeasymmetry

spatial dimension change

Reasonable division of the layout systematic designchange harmful factors to favourable factors

All the original understandings come from TRIZ theory

(a) (b)

Figure 3 Hand drawing of the hand-held rotary tiller

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 9

bull head has been reinterpreted into the modern image ofbull head as shown in Figure 6 It expressed the traditionalcultivation culture Finally we used computer-aided in-dustrial design software to model the hand-held rotary tillerwith this image and obtained an innovative conceptualdesign scheme as shown in Figures 7 and 8

33 Design Evaluation for Hand-Held Rotary Tiller In orderto verify the reliability and innovation of conceptual designa conceptual scheme evaluation map was made with four

typical samples as shown in Figure 9 0e weight of fiveschemes were calculated by the AHP and construction ofjudgment matrix and the evaluation results of conceptualdesign scheme and other typical sample schemes were ob-tained [24]

0ree aspects of the 5 schemes modeling function andcolor matching were evaluated to find out an innovativehand-held rotary tiller design scheme (see Figure 10) In thiswork the evaluation weight was confirmed by several ex-perts including two industrial design experts and two ag-ricultural machinery design experts 0e results were more

Switch Hand connecting rod Motor

Chassis

GearingWheel

Handle

Rotary blade

Vegetation

Soil

Hold Support

Support

Control

Hold

SupportControl Control

DriveSupport

Support

Obstacle

Obstacle

Adhesion

Adhesion

Conrol

Control

Control

System component

Hypersystem component

Object

Normal functionInadequate function

Harmful function

Figure 4 System component function analysis of the hand-held rotary tiller

Table 9 Analysis on engineering parameters of hand-held rotary tillers

Emotionalwords Function Improvement factors Deteriorating factors TRIZ solution

SafetySafety (27) Reliability

(9) Speed 1 Segmentation 11 Cushion in advance21 Rushing through 16 Partial or

overdone action 28 Replacement of amechanical system 35 Transformation ofphysical and chemical states of an object

(12) Shape

Antivibration (31) Harmful factors sideeffects (36) Complexity of device 1 Segmentation 19 Periodic action 31

Use of porous materials

Comfortable Antiskid (27) Reliability (30) Harmful factors acting onobject

2 Extraction 27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive durable one

35 Transformation of physical andchemical states of an object 40 Composite

materials

Practical Practical (35) Adaptability (36) Complexity of equipment

15 Dynamicity 28 Replacement of amechanical system 29 Use a pneumatic or

hydraulic construction 37 0ermalexpansion

All Arabic numerals in Table 9 are the serial numbers in the TRIZ conflict matrix

10 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

objective because both of them were very familiar with thehand-held rotary tiller [25] And several judgment matriceswere constructed according to the data of questionnaires0rough the evaluation matrix the designer determines therequirement weighting coefficients of the criterion layer andthe scheme layer

331 Construction of Judgment Matrix

(1) Constructing judgment matrix As1 of the criterionlayer (s 1 2 3 and 4 where s stands for expert t 12 3 4 5 and 6 where t stands for scheme)

A11

1 315

13

15

1

13

113

13

15

13

5 3 1 3 1 5

3 313

113

5

5 5 1 3 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Table 10 Functional principles of the hand-held rotary tiller

Function Principle Principle elaboration

Safety

Replacement of a mechanical system Cushion in advance

Segmentation Rushing through

Partial or overdone action Transformation of physical and chemical states of an

object

Replacement of a mechanical system was currently arelatively new idea that can be tracked further

Cushion in advance was less innovative but it neededstudying

Segmentation rushing through and partial oroverdone action were not useful for safetyIt was not necessary to increase the cost for

transformation of physical and chemical states of anobject

AntivibrationUse of porous materials

Periodic action Segmentation

Use of porous materials was useful for buffervibrations Periodic action may cause resonance

Segmentation was not appropriate for Antivibration

Antiskid

Composite materials An inexpensive short-life object instead of an

expensive durable oneTransformation of physical and chemical states of an

object Extraction

Composite materials can be considered emphatically0e inventive principle of cheap alternatives was

needed further analysis 0e principle thattransformation of physical and chemical states of ahand-held rotary tiller may increase costs was not

taken into accountExtraction was not very suitable for the product

Practical

Dynamicity Replacement of a mechanical system

Use a pneumatic or hydraulic construction0ermal expansion

Dynamicity deserves to be considered and used0e inventive principle of replacing mechanical systemsusing pneumatic or hydraulic structures can continue to

be tracked 0ermal expansion can be excludedAll the principles come from the 40 original principles of TRIZ

Table 11 Description of technical improvements of the hand-held rotary tiller

Principle name Description of improvement

Replacement of a mechanical system0epressure sensor in the handle of the hand-held rotary tiller can detect the pressure of theoperatorrsquos hands on the handle When an accident occurs the single chip microcomputer

built in the hand-held rotary tiller will cut off the motor and stop the work

Use of porous materials Porous materials can be used for sound insulation but also can reduce the quality andvibration of hand-held rotary tiller

Composite materials 0e composite material can be used to improve the strength and rigidity of the machineand reduce the quality of the hand-held rotary tiller

Dynamicity Hand-held connecting rod was adjustable Rotary tiller blade can be replaced

Table 12 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotarytillers

A11minus B A21minus B A31minus B A41minus B

ω(2)s1

00608 00470 00460 0052400348 00278 00460 0029003419 04242 03953 0413901597 01275 00985 0133003419 03233 03569 0315500608 00502 00573 00561

λmax 65433 65882 65313 65504CI 01087 01176 01063 01101CR 00876 00949 00857 00888 Accept

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 11

Chassis Motor

Rotary bladeWheel

Gearing

Handle

Wire Pressure sensors

Hand connecting rod

Monochip computers

Height adjustable

Replacement of blade

Figure 5 Functional system diagram of the hand-held rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Figure 6 Iterative design of front face pattern of the rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c)

Figure 7 Conceptual design scheme of the hand-held rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Figure 8 Color series of the hand-held rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Figure 9 Typical sample schemes and conceptual design scheme (a) Scheme 1 (b) Scheme 2 (c) Scheme 3 (d) Scheme 4 (e) Scheme 5

12 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

A21

1 317

13

17

1

13

115

13

15

13

7 5 1 5 1 7

3 315

113

5

7 5 1 3 1 3

1 317

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

A31

1 115

13

15

1

1 115

115

13

5 5 1 5 1 5

3 115

115

5

5 5 1 5 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

A41

1 317

13

15

1

13

115

13

15

13

7 5 1 5 1 5

3 315

113

5

5 5 1 3 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

(5)

(2) Constructing judgment matrix Bst of the schemelayer

B11

113

315

15

3 1 5 3 1

13

15

117

17

515

7 1 1

5 1 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B21

113

315

15

3 1 5 113

13

15

113

13

5 1 7 1 1

5 3 3 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B31

113

515

15

3 1 3 1 13

15

13

115

17

5 1 5 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Target layer Selection of innovation scheme for hand-held rotary tiller

Criterionlayer

B1Harmonious

B2Dynamic

B3Safety

B4Comfortable

B5Practical

B6Individual

Schemelayer

C1Scheme 1

C2Scheme 2

C3Scheme 3

C1Scheme 1

C5Scheme 5

Figure 10 Hierarchical model of the hand-held rotary tiller

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 13

B41

113

315

13

3 1 515

13

13

15

115

15

5 5 5 1 3

3 3 513

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B12

113

15

15

15

3 1 3 5 1

15

13

115

17

515

5 1 1

5 1 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B22

113

513

13

3 1 3 1 115

13

115

15

3 1 5 113

3 1 5 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B32

113

515

15

3 1 313

13

15

13

117

17

5 3 7 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B42

113

515

17

3 1 313

13

15

13

115

15

5 3 5 1 1

7 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B13

115

13

17

15

5 1 3 113

313

113

17

7 1 3 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B23

113

113

15

3 1 313

13

113

115

17

3 3 5 113

5 3 5 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B33

113

315

17

3 1 313

15

13

13

117

17

5 5 3 113

7 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B43

113

113

15

3 1 315

15

113

115

15

315

5 1 1

5 5 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B14

113

13

15

15

3 1 113

15

1 1 113

17

5 3 3 113

5 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

14 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

B24

113

315

15

3 1 313

13

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 1 3

5 3 713

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B34

113

517

15

3 1 515

13

15

15

117

15

7 5 7 1 1

5 3 3 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B44

113

315

15

3 1 313

13

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 1 1

5 3 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B15

113

13

17

17

3 1 115

13

3 1 113

15

7 5 3 1 1

7 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B25 5

113

315

17

3 1 313

15

13

15

117

17

5 3 7 113

7 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B35

113

313

15

3 1 113

15

1 1 117

17

3 3 7 1 1

5 5 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B45

113

315

17

3 1 113

15

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 113

7 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B16

113

315

15

3 1 5 113

13

15

117

15

5 1 7 1 1

5 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B26

113

313

15

3 1 713

13

15

17

115

17

3 3 5 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B36

113

315

15

3 1 513

15

13

15

113

17

5 3 3 113

5 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 15

B46

113

515

17

3 1 513

15

15

15

115

17

5 3 5 1 1

7 5 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

(6)

332 Hierarchical Sequencing and Consistency Verification0e maximum eigenvalue λmax 65433 of the judgmentmatrix A11 was obtained by calculation and it was normalizedto ω(2)

11 (00608 00348 03419 01597 03419 00608) 0esix elements of the criterion layer are harmony dynamicssafety comfort practicality and individuality Consistency testis to test the coordination of the importance of each elementCI value of less than 1 indicates that consistency of thejudgmentmatrix is passed and the results are listed in Table 12

0e element bstij in the judgment matrix Bst is the comparisonmeasure of the superiority ofPt to C in the scheme layer (hand-held rotary tiller) 0e weight ω(3)

1t the maximum eigenvalueλmax and the consistency index CI1t were calculated from thecomparison judgment matrix B1t of the third layer and theresults are listed in Table 130e average of the total ranking ofthe scheme layers is shown in Table 14

After calculation the weight coefficient P of the 4 sampleschemes and a new conceptual design scheme of the targetlayer was obtained P1(C1) 007 P2(C2) 014 P3(C3)

006 P4(C4) 030 and P5(C5) 043 where Pt(C1) is theweight coefficient of sample 1 and so on 0erefore theinnovative conceptual design scheme was selected from thefive schemes because the weight coefficient of the conceptualdesign scheme P5(C5) was the largest one 043 0ismethod is effective and feasible for the innovative design ofagricultural machinery

4 Discussion

In order to improve the comprehensive quality of functionalproducts and meet the needs of users for product

Table 13 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotary tiller

B11ndashC B12ndashC B13ndashC B14ndashC B15ndashC B16ndashC Expert 1ω(3)1t 00815 00497 00417 00496 00434 00796

03322 03482 02016 01062 01063 0209100414 00465 00795 00797 01063 0043302290 02244 02156 02518 03720 0308603159 03312 04616 05127 03720 03594

λmax 52876 53691 52469 50252 50939 52194CI 00719 00923 00617 00063 00235 00548CR 00642 00824 00551 00056 00210 00490 Accept

B21ndashC B22ndashC B23ndashC B24ndashC B25ndashC B26ndashC Expert 2ω(3)2t 00856 01172 00712 00749 00658 00927

02247 02547 01524 01425 01209 0170500611 00502 00643 00422 00396 0034702799 02265 02619 04503 02726 0247303487 03515 04502 02902 05012 04547

λmax 54208 53773 52144 52785 52742 54268CI 01052 00943 00536 00696 00685 01067CR 00939 00842 00479 00622 00612 00935 Accept

B31ndashC B32ndashC B33ndashC B34ndashC B35ndashC B36ndashC Expert 3ω(3)3t 00855 00826 00669 00758 00692 00744

01832 01419 01231 01393 01074 0141600420 00379 00403 00359 00680 0044802247 02890 02595 04186 03393 0243404646 04485 05102 03304 04162 04957

λmax 53965 54257 53429 54404 52374 54451CI 00991 01064 00857 01101 00594 01113CR 00885 00950 00765 00983 00530 00994 Accept

B41ndashC B42ndashC B43ndashC B44ndashC B45ndashC B46ndashC Expert 4ω(3)4t 00846 00805 00697 00762 00658 00758

01454 01480 01216 01450 01209 0139300444 00452 00629 00429 00396 0035904757 03509 03538 03679 02726 0330402499 03754 03919 03679 05012 04186

λmax 54118 54301 52748 51295 52742 54404CI 01029 01075 00687 00324 00684 01101CR 00919 00960 00613 00289 00612 00983 Accept

16 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

personalization this paper puts forward the improvementexplanation of appearance and function and obtains the in-novative design scheme by introducing KE and TRIZ0eAHPwas used to evaluate the innovative design scheme Combiningwith the design of hand-held rotary tiller the correspondinginnovative design scheme was obtained and the design processwas attempted to be extended to other products 0e maincontent of the literature study [8 25 26] focused on the userrequirements mining or conceptual design stage and the re-searchers have not studied the application of detailed designstage and the subsequent evaluation of innovative design 0ispaper establishes an innovative design model from user needsmining conceptual design detailed design computer-aideddesign and scheme evaluation which is convenient for de-signers to design and develop products and also has a goodreference for innovative design of other products

However because the main research content of thispaper focuses on innovative design process the research onthe evaluation system of the scheme is insufficient In thefollowing work designers can introduce other design the-ories and methods to combine with existing research inorder to improve the process of innovative design

5 Conclusions

In order to improve the comprehensive quality of agricul-tural machinery products based on functional technologyand meet the needs of users the innovation design model ofagricultural machinery products based on KE-TRIZ wasconstructed

Firstly the designer used SD method and PCA methodto quantify and reduce the dimension of affective intentionwords aiming to select comprehensive variables repre-senting the needs of users Secondly by constructing a KE-TRIZ innovative design model the product appearance andfunction were innovatively designed and the contradictionbetween product appearance and function was analyzed tomake it well matched 0en taking the innovative design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as an example the applicationflow was described and the typical samples and designscheme were evaluated by the AHP which shows that themethod has obvious improvement in function and ap-pearance 0e KE-TRIZ method enables designers to designproducts more in line with the actual needs of users which iseffective and feasible for the innovative design of agriculturalmachinery

0e follow-up work is to further explore the integrationof technology cost and other multi-objective-driven in-novative designs of agricultural machinery products in orderto improve the applicability and integrity of the method

Data Availability

All data generated and analyzed during this study are in-cluded within the article

Conflicts of Interest

0e authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest

Authorsrsquo Contributions

Jian-wei Wang conceived and designed the study Jian-minZhang completed the design evaluation Jian-wei Wangcompleted product modeling Jian-min Zhang revised andpolished the manuscript All authors have read and ap-proved the final manuscript All authors contributed equallyto this work

Acknowledgments

0is work was supported by the Guizhou Natural ScienceFund Project (Guizhou Technology Cooperation SupportProgram (2017)1047) the Guizhou Science and TechnologyMajor Project (LH(2014)7629 LH(2016)7432 and LH(2017)7232) and the Academic New Seedling Cultivation andInnovation Exploration Specialization of Guizhou Univer-sity (Guizhou Platform Talents (2017)5788)

References

[1] G Q Yao C Q Xue and H Y Wang ldquoDesign method forcoach styling design based on image cognitionrdquo Journal ofSoutheast University Natural Science Edition vol 46 no 6pp 1198ndash1203 2016

[2] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei Engineering a new ergonomicconsumer-oriented technology for product developmentrdquoInternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 15 no 1pp 3ndash11 1995

[3] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei engineering as a powerful consumer-orientied technology for product developmentrdquo Applied Er-gonomics vol 33 no 3 pp 289ndash294 2002

[4] C E GolnooshRasoulifar and P Guy ldquoCommunicatingconsumer needs in the design process of branded productsrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015

[5] Y T Fu and S J Luo ldquoStyle perception-oriented productfamily shape gene designrdquo Comtuter IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 18 no 3 pp 449ndash457 2012

[6] L N Abdala R B Fernandes A Ogliari M Lower andJ Feldhusen ldquoCreative contributions of the methods of in-ventive principles of TRIZ and BioTRIZ to problem solvingrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 139 no 8 2017

[7] S Kim and B Yoon ldquoDeveloping a process of conceptgeneration for new product-service systems a QFD and

Table 14 Overall ranking result and average value of the third layer

Scheme Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 Scheme 5Expert 1 0048558458 0167268103 0083016534 0281635216 0419521689Expert 2 0072929489 0148099162 0051450184 0288521951 0438999215Expert 3 0070614603 0123757406 0050002922 0302460164 0453164905Expert 4 0070748371 0127513198 0049909632 0335077088 041675171Average value 006571273 0141659467 0058594818 0301923605 043210938

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 17

TRIZ-based approachrdquo Service Business vol 6 no 3pp 323ndash348 2012

[8] R H Tan R H Zhang F Liu and B J Yang ldquoTwo stagesanalogy-based conceptual design based on TRIZrdquo ComputerIntergrated Manufacturing Systems vol 12 no 3 pp 328ndash334 2006

[9] X Z Liu G N Qi J Z Fu B B Fan and J Xu ldquoA designprocess model of intergrated morphlolgical matrix andconflict resolving principlesrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 46 no 12 pp 2243ndash2258 2012

[10] Y H Cohen Y Reich and S Greenberg ldquoBiomineticsstructure-function patterns approachrdquo Journal of MechanicalDesign vol 136 no 11 2014

[11] L L Sun and F S Kong ldquoVisual comfort design of automobileseat based on Kansei engineering and TRIZ theoryrdquo Journal ofJinlin University Engineering and Technology Edition vol 44no 1 pp 106ndash110 2014

[12] W Chen C S Carolyn and Y Bernard ldquoSpecial issue userneeds and preferences in engineering designrdquo Journal ofMechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015

[13] Y X Huang C-H Chen and L P Khoo ldquoProducts clas-sification in emotional design using a basic-emotion basedsemantic differential methodrdquo International Journal of In-dustrial Ergonomics vol 42 no 6 pp 569ndash580 2012

[14] W Lu and J-F Petiot ldquoAffective design of products using anaudio-based protocol application to eyeglass framerdquo In-ternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 44 no 3pp 383ndash394 2014

[15] V Chulvi M C Gonzalez-Cruz E Mulet and J Aguilar-Zambrano ldquoInfluence of the type of idea-generation methodon the creativity of solutionsrdquo Research in Engineering Designvol 24 no 1 pp 33ndash41 2013

[16] B Mannan and Abid Haleem ldquoUnderstanding major di-mensions and determinants that help in diffusion amp adoptionof product innovation using AHP approachrdquo Journal ofGlobal Entrepreneurship Research vol 7 no 1 pp 1ndash24 2017

[17] T Wang and M R Liu ldquoApplication of QFD and AHP inrailway freight transportationrdquo Computer IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 24 no 1 pp 264ndash271 2018

[18] H-N Hsish J F Chen and Q H Du ldquoApplying TRIZ andfuzzy AHP based on lean production to develop an innovativedesign of a new shape for machine toolsrdquo Information vol 6no 1 pp 89ndash110 2015

[19] L-C Chen and L Lin ldquoOptimization of product configu-ration design using functional requirements and constraintsrdquoResearch in Engineering Design vol 13 no 3 pp 167ndash1822002

[20] Y Li M-D Shieh C-C Yang and L Zhu ldquoApplication offuzzy-based hybrid taguchi method for multiobjective opti-mization of product form designrdquo Mathematical Problems inEngineering vol 2018 Article ID 9091514 18 pages 2018

[21] Y Q Xu K Chen H B Qin and Z Y Wang ldquoStudy on theapplication of Kansei engineering in product form designrdquoApplied Mechanics and Materials vol 274 pp 513ndash516 2013

[22] S Hede P V Ferreira M N Lopes and L A Rocha ldquoTRIZand the paradigms of social sustainability in product devel-opment endeavorsrdquo Procedia Engineering vol 131 pp 522ndash538 2015

[23] Z Liu D Hu Y Gao et al ldquoTRIZ based revised design fordisassembly of joint structurerdquo Journal of Mechanical Engi-neering vol 48 no 11 pp 65ndash71 2012

[24] X Ji X J Gu F Dai et al ldquoBioTRIZ-based product in-novative design processrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 48 no 1 pp 35ndash41 2014

[25] X L Li W Zhao Y K Zheng R Wang and C WangldquoInnovative product design based on comprehensive cus-tomer requirements of different cognitive levelsrdquo lte Sci-entific World Journal vol 2014 Article ID 627093 11 pages2014

[26] G D Zhai Z H Liang and M Y Li ldquoStudy on the Opti-mization model of a flexible transmissionrdquo MathematicalProblems in Engineering vol 2019 Article ID 508457312 pages 2019

18 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Applied MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Probability and StatisticsHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical PhysicsAdvances in

Complex AnalysisJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

OptimizationJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Engineering Mathematics

International Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Operations ResearchAdvances in

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Function SpacesAbstract and Applied AnalysisHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2013Hindawiwwwhindawicom

The Scientific World Journal

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018Volume 2018

Numerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisAdvances inAdvances in Discrete Dynamics in

Nature and SocietyHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom

Dierential EquationsInternational Journal of

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Decision SciencesAdvances in

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

AnalysisInternational Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Stochastic AnalysisInternational Journal of

Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom

Page 4: Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of ...downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2019/8179851.pdf · ResearchArticle Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of Agricultural

representative samples were selected according to thetypical characteristic combination of the product

(3) Screening and dimension reduction of perceptualpaired words according to the degree of affiliation ofthe perceptual vocabulary which was analyzed andsummed up perceptual word pairs of the typicalsamples in reclaimed questionnaire data were scoredby a 7-point Likert scale method and analyzed byCronbachrsquos alpha method and reliability analysis0e K Langbach coefficient method can test thereliability and consistency of the survey results PCA[14] can be used to extract a small number of per-ceptual vocabularies which can represent most of theperceptual vocabulary variables 0e PCA methodwas used to select the main perceptual vocabulary bythe contribution rate of each index and 4ndash6 pairs ofperceptual vocabulary were screened out ultimately

α k

k minus 11 minus

1113936ki1S

2i

S2x1113890 1113891 (1)

where α is the statistical factor in the K Langbach coefficientmethod k is the number of items S2i is the variance of theitem i and S2x is the overall solution variance for all items

When α is larger than 08 the questionnaire data arereliable

22 Step 2 Innovative Design Based on KE-TRIZ(1) Creating conceptual design models the above 4ndash6

pairs of perceptual words were classified into twogroups based on KE One group is about the ap-pearance structure model and the other is about thefunctional technology model Based on the existingagricultural machinery product situation [15] aconceptual agricultural machinery design model wasconstructed in each group preliminarily

(2) Detailed design by analyzing the perceptual image ofthe agricultural machinery product finding out theengineering parameters of agricultural machineryproducts which need to be improve and then car-rying out the contradiction total matrix analysis iswhich based on TRIZ a series of inventive principleswere obtained and analyzed so as to put forward thedetailed design principles of the agricultural ma-chinery product 0e contradiction between theappearance structure model and function technologymodel was analyzed If there was a contradiction thedesigner used TRIZ toolbox to analyze the designmodel in detail which makes the design model moreperfect

(3) Computer-aided design according to the above stepsagricultural machinery products were designed bycomputer-aided industrial design software

23 Step 3 Design Evaluation In order to objectivelyevaluate the conceptual design of agricultural machineryproducts the AHP was used to evaluate the innovative

design scheme and the previous selection of typical agri-cultural machinery samples [16] 0e AHP was used for thiswork because it has good objectivity and practicability [17]0e basic steps of the AHP are shown as follows

(1) In determining the high-quality agricultural ma-chinery product scheme the hierarchical structure ofthe system should be established target layer cri-terion layer and scheme layer

(2) Compare the indicators of criterion layer with theindicators of scheme layer to determine the weightcoefficient of each layer As shown in Table 1 ajudgment matrix A (B) was constructed

A(B) aij1113872 1113873ntimesn

(2)

A series of pairwise comparisons was made betweenA and B at the same level using the nine-point scalewhich included all the odd numbers ranged from oneto nine and their reciprocal values In this steppairwise comparative matrices are formulated for allevaluation criteria [18]

(3) Calculate the relative importance of elements under asingle criterion 0e feature vector W(23) and themaximum eigenvalue λmax of the judgment matrix A(B) are calculated Eigenvalues are the weight vectorsamong the indexes and themaximum eigenvalues areused to test the consistency of the judgment matrices

CR CIRI

CI λmax minus n

n minus 1

λmax 1n

1113944

n

i1

1113936(nj 1)aijωj

ωi

(3)

where CI is the consistency index RI is the averagerandom consistency index (as shown in Table 2) andλis the eigenvalue of the matrixWhen CRlt 01 it means that the judgment matrix isacceptable [19]

(4) Calculate the weight of the scheme layer to the targetlayer P 0e equation is presented as follows

P ω(3)1 ω(3)

2 ω(3)31113872 1113873ω(2)

(4)

3 Innovative Design and Evaluation for Hand-Held Rotary Tiller

31 User Requirement Analysis (URA) for Hand-Held RotaryTiller 0e steps of KE are as follows (1) target productsamples and emotional image vocabulary collection (2)preliminary clustering of perceptual vocabulary throughquestionnaires and (3) use PCA to reduce the dimension ofperceptual vocabulary and extract perceptual vocabularythat best represents users

4 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

0is work took the innovative design of the hand-heldrotary tiller as an example to illustrate the method Firstly100 perceptual vocabularies related to hand-held rotarytillers were extracted from the objective natural language ofusers 0rough Taobao physical stores and official websitesdesigners collected a large number of samples and con-ducted a large number of analysis and screening 0en thedesigner analyzed the characteristics of the hand-held rotarytiller and selected four typical samples according to themodeling characteristics of the rotary tiller 0e experimentfinally selected 4 kinds of hand-held rotary tillers as typicalsamples and they are shown in Table 3 0en 10 seniordesigners and 20 rival rotary tillers drivers were selected asrespondents Among them 4 designers majored in agri-cultural machinery 6 designers were graduate students inindustrial design 5 drivers had no operation experience and15 drivers had driving experience In the questionnairethere were 12 pairs of adjectives and their antonyms whichwere extracted as reference words for the style description ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as shown shown in Table 4However some adjectives were overlaps in semantics 0eywere given marks according to the Likert 7-point scalemethod for four representative hand-held rotary samplesAnd 6 pairs among them were selected by PCA and theywere thought as representative semantic adjectives for thehand-held rotary tillers [20]

30 Likert 7-point scale questionnaires were designedaccording to the above theory In order to analyze the re-liability of the questionnaire data the reliability of thequestionnaire data was tested by reliability analysis by usingSPSS 50 0e reliability statistics is 0885 which is greaterthan 08 To conclude the 12 pairs of adjectives and theirantonyms in these questionnaires are reliable

A group of new variables was obtained by PCA 0econtribution of variance of these new variables is not thesame 0e extraction of common factors is essentially todetermine some factors from which the information of theoriginal variables can be explained the most All the factorswith selectable eigenvalue greater than a certain critical valueare used as common factors and all the factors with selectableeigenvalue greater than 1 were extracted as common factors

0e data in Table 5 show the eigenvalues variance contri-bution and cumulative variance contribution of the factorsafter the extraction of common factors and after rotation [21]

12 groups of adjectives and antonyms were analyzed inSPSS and the results are shown in Table 6 0ere were sixpairs of adjectives and antonyms related to the principalcomponent the first group included dynamic-static andharmonious-disharmonious the second group consisted ofcomfortable-uncomfortable and practical-gaudy the thirdgroup included safe-dangerous and the fourth groupconsisted of individual-common

0ese four principal components contribute to 81872of the modeling style semantic feature information that is tosay these four style semantic feature principal componentscan well describe the modeling style features of the testsample cases

32 Innovative Design Based on KE and TRIZ for Hand-HeldRotary Tiller Quality function deployment (QFD) translatescustomer or market requirements into design requirementsprocess requirements and production requirements In orderto initially construct an idealizedmodel the house of quality isbuilt by means of the selected perceptual vocabulary andrelevant TRIZ invention principles and the relationshipbetween customer requirements and the performance of thecorresponding products is determined by means of QFDtheoretical knowledge which lays a foundation for the ap-plication of TRIZ later Building a House of Quality (HOQ)mainly includes the following steps (1) calculating user needsand their weights (2) 9 3 and 1 represent values of the strongmedium and weak relation respectively and the relationmatrix is established according to the values (3) the designerestablishes the floor of the HOQ by determining the targetvalue of the quality characteristics (4) competitive analysiscollect the products of the rotary tiller and establish thecompetitive ability evaluation matrix (the competitive abilityis expressed by 1sim5 1 is the worst 5 is the best) (5) technicalcapability evaluation according to the evaluation of pro-fessionals and their own experience the technical capability ofthe current products is compared with that of the competitiveproducts in the important characteristics and the technicalcapability matrix is established and (6) evaluation of therelationship between quality characteristics 0e results areshown in Figure 2

Based on the mapping of representative perceptualvocabulary with the engineering parameters of TRIZ and thecurrent situation of the hand-held rotary tiller the idealizedmodel of hand-held rotary tiller design is preliminarilyconstructed from two aspects of exterior structure andfunction technology as shown in Table 6 [22] Designers canrefer to the weight of stationary objects in TRIZ and createthe dynamic sensibility of products through the overallvolume of products Designers can also embody the har-mony of the whole product through the shape of theproduct In order to personalize the product the designerdesigns the product by feeding back different information tothe consumers Improving the reliability of products canimprove the safety of users using products

Table 1 0e pairwise comparison judgment

Intensity ofimportance Explanation

1 Demand ai has equal importance to demand aj3 Demand ai has weak importance than demand aj5 Demand ai has essential importance than demand aj7 Demand ai is less important than demand aj13 Demand ai is slightly less important than demand aj15 Demand ai is obviously less important than demand

aj17 Demand ai is extremely unimportant than demand aj

Table 2 Average random consistency index

n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9RI 0 0 058 094 112 124 132 141 145

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 5

Table 3 Modeling features of the hand-held rotary tiller

Sample Modeling feature Characteristic analysis Typical sample

Sample 1 Rotary tiller knife and other tools can be replaced

Sample 2 Wheels and rotary tillage knife position put to thefront

Sample 3 Traditional modeling

Sample 4 Hand-held rotary tiller was adjustable

Table 4 12 pairs of adjectives and their antonyms

Num Adjective pairs1 Comfortable-uncomfortable4 Dynamic-static7 Steady-light10 Easy-laborious2 Hard-weak5 Safe-dangerous8 Advanced-outdated11 Holistic-partial3 Practical-gaudy6 Individual-common9 Gorgeous-simple12 Harmonious-disharmonious

Table 5 PCA of semantic features of style

ComponentsInitial eigenvalue Extracting the sum of squares

Total Variance contribution()

Cumulative contribution() Total Variance contribution

()Cumulative contribution

()1 5876 48965 48965 5876 48965 489652 1617 13477 62442 1617 13477 624423 1322 11019 73460 1322 11019 734604 1009 8412 81872 1009 8412 81872 12 0010 0086 100000

6 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

In order to improve the practicability of products de-signers can adopt the principle of adaptability and versatilityin TRIZ theory Since the change in appearance structureaffects the shape parameters the invention is applied to thestatistical principle of the shape parameters used in thecontradiction matrix as shown in Table 7 0e inventionprinciple with higher usage rate is selected so that theoriginal understanding of the appearance structure design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller is provided and the improvementdescription of the inductive design of the hand-held rotarytiller is proposed as shown in Table 80ere are 17 principlesof invention for design (C10 Prior action C1 SegmentationC14 Spheroidality C15 Dynamicity C32 Changing thecolor C34 Rejecting and regenerating parts C35 Trans-formation of physical and chemical states of an object C2Extraction C4 Asymmetry C29 Use a pneumatic or hy-draulic construction C40 Composite materials C13 In-version C22 Convert harm into benefit C26 Copying C5Combining C17 Moving to a new dimension C28 Re-placement of a mechanical system)

According to the interpretation of the invention theshape of the hand-held rotary tiller was initially drawn byhand Designers can propose the direction of design throughthe inspiration of the principle of invention In order toembody the dynamics and coordination of the scheme thedesigner can use streamlined body language to form aconcise and harmonious overall form of the handrail con-necting rod and the head of the hand-held rotary tiller andmatch the reasonable color matching proportion to reducethe volume of the machine in the visual sense In order toreflect the comfort of the scheme the designer can divide themain view and the top view of the rotary tiller reasonably soas to stimulate the userrsquos sense of stability of themachine (seeFigure 3)

System component function analysis is a process ofmodeling system function0emodel should include systemcomponents hypersystem components objects and so onOn this basis the functional model diagram of the hand-heldrotary tiller was constructed as shown in Figure 4 Func-tional model diagrams can help designers understand thesystem identify the problems in the system identify thetypes of problems get inspiration to solve related problemsand then find appropriate solutions for each type of prob-lems in a precise way 0e designer first establishes thecomponent hierarchy model by component analysis then

analyses the relationship between system components es-tablishes the system component relationship model andestablishes the functional model System component func-tion analysis of the hand-held rotary tiller the operator issafe when both hands leave the handle of the hand-heldrotary tiller System components switch hand-held con-necting rods chassis motor rotary tillage knife wheels andtransmission hypersystem components vegetation and soilObjects handles and rotary blade

As shown in Table 9 through the analysis of the relevantengineering parameters in the TRIZ conflict matrix thedesigner has obtained the functional requirements of thehand-held rotary tiller as well as the principles of the in-vention to solve the corresponding problems In Table 9 (12)denotes the engineering parameter serial number and 1 de-notes the serial number of the inventive principle

In Table 10 ldquordquo indicates that the principle is the optimalsolution ldquordquo indicates that the principle needs to be con-sidered and ldquordquo means that the principle was constrainedby the current system and structure or cannot work [23] Forinstance in consideration of safety the physicalchemicalparameters of the existing hand-held rotary tiller had beenbasically determined and it was not necessary to increase thecost to change them Cushion in advance was less innovativebut it is worthy of consideration Segmentation rushingthrough and partial or overdone action were not useful forsafety Replacement of a mechanical system was a new ideathat should be taken into consideration

Several principles with ldquordquo and ldquordquo in Table 11 are il-lustrated in Table 12 for technical improvement of the hand-held rotary tiller

As shown in Table 11 the technical improvements(replacement of mechanical systems porous materialscomposites and dynamics) made by the designer on thehand-held rotary tiller do not conflict with the appearanceimprovements in Table 9 (dynamic harmonious and in-dividual) 0is indicated that the conceptual design can becontinued According to the interpretation of the inventionprinciples the functional technology of the hand-held rotarytiller was preliminarily conceived (see Figure 5)

According to the improvement of product appearanceand function technology explained by the invention prin-ciples three-dimensional modeling and rendering of theproduct were carried out by computer-aided technologyDesigners should meet the physiological and psychological

Table 6 Perceptual design of the hand-held rotary tiller idealized model

Emotionalwords TRIZ engineering parameters Current situation Idealized model

Exteriorstructure

DynamicWeight of stationary object

shape and loss of information

Monotonous old-fashioned colormatching poor systematicdesign and lack of corporate

identity information

Harmonious color design refinedgeometrical shape and full ofcorporate identity information

HarmoniousIndividual

Functionaltechnology

Safety Reliability harmful factorsproduced by objects andadaptability and versatility

Knife will hurt the operator andlacking ergonomic design

Safety high efficiencycomfortable ergonomic design

and reinforced structuralstructures

Comfortable

Practical

All TRIZ engineering parameters in Table 6 come from the 39 engineering parameters in TRIZ

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 7

needs of consumers when designing the appearance andtechnical functions of hand-held rotary tiller In computer-aided modeling the designer extracts some elements of the

front shape of the cattle for the front design of the hand-heldrotary tiller and assembles the front and the hand-held rodinto the head image of the cattle e traditional image of

First Second Third 1 2 3 4 5

Dynamic 3 1 2

Harmonious 5 1 2

Individual 5 1 2

Safety 39 1 2

Comfortable 13 1 2

Practical 33 1 2

5

4

3

2

1

Relative importance 012 014 003 025 022 024

Importance rating (10 ratings) 5 6 1 10 9 10

Absolute importance 180 210 45 384 333 354

Technical assessment 2 2

1 1 1

2 1 1 1 2 2

3 1 3 9

Target Value

Para

met

ric d

esig

n of

inte

gral

mod

elin

g

Usin

g ge

omet

ry b

ioni

c des

ign

Uni

fied

colo

r mat

chin

g an

d ad

ded

war

ning

signs

St

reng

then

the s

truc

ture

and

impr

ove t

hean

ti-vi

brat

ion

perfo

rman

ce

Set u

p pr

ecau

tions

Impr

ovem

ent o

f hum

an-m

achi

nepe

rform

ance

of h

andl

e and

rota

ry ti

llers

High-quality hand-held

rotary tiller

Exterior structure

Functional technology

3 3 9 3 1

3 3 9 1

3 9 1

3 9

1 2 3 4 5 6

3 3

9 Strong relation 3 Medium relation 1 Weak relation

Strong positive correlation Weak positive correlation

times Strong negative correlation Weak negative correlation

Market competitiveness evaluation

1 Current status 2 Competitor

Dem

and

impo

rtan

ce

Wei

ght o

f sta

tiona

ry o

bjec

t

Shap

e

Loss

of i

nfor

mat

ion

Relia

bilit

y

Har

mfu

l fac

tors

pro

duce

d by

obj

ects

Ada

ptab

ility

and

vers

atili

ty

times

Customer demand expansion

times

Technical indicators

Figure 2 Innovative design model for agricultural machinery products

8 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Table 7 Number of times inventive principles are used by improving shape parameters

Principle ofinvention Num Principle of

invention Num Principle of invention Num Principle of invention Num

1 Segmentation 9 11 Cushion inadvance 0 21 Rushing through 0 31 Use of Porous material 0

2 Extraction 5 12 Equipotentiality 0 22 Convert harm into benefit 4 32 Changing the color 73 Localconditions 2 13 Inversion 4 23 Feedback 0 33 Homogeneity 1

4 Asymmetry 5 14 Spheroidality 9 24 Mediator 0 34 Rejecting and regeneratingparts 7

5 Combining 3 15 Dynamicity 9 25 Self-service 1 35 Transformation of physicaland chemical states of an object 6

6 Universality 2 16 Partial oroverdone action 2 26 Copying 4 36 Phase transition 1

7 Nesting 2 17 Moving to a newdimension 3

27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive

durable one0 37 0ermal expansion 1

8 Counterweight 1 18 Mechanicalvibration 2 28 Replacement of a mechanical

system 3 38 Using strong oxidizers 0

9 Prior counter 1 19 Periodic action 1 29 Use a pneumatic or hydraulicconstruction 5 39 Inert environment 1

10 Prior action 10 20 Continuity ofuseful action 0 30 Flexible film or hydraulic

construction 2 40 Composite materials 5

Table 8 Description of appearance improvements of hand-held rotary tiller

Appearance Original understanding Description of improvement

Dynamic

Segmentation curved surfacedynamic characteristicsphysicalchemical change

combination

Curved surface design geometric scale bright andrefreshing feeling

Harmonious

Preactiondiscard or regenerate

extractionpneumatic and hydraulic structures

spatial dimension changemechanical system substitution

Parametric design concise and harmonious matchcolors for design the sense of volume in geometric

form

Individual

Change the colorcompositeasymmetry

spatial dimension change

Reasonable division of the layout systematic designchange harmful factors to favourable factors

All the original understandings come from TRIZ theory

(a) (b)

Figure 3 Hand drawing of the hand-held rotary tiller

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 9

bull head has been reinterpreted into the modern image ofbull head as shown in Figure 6 It expressed the traditionalcultivation culture Finally we used computer-aided in-dustrial design software to model the hand-held rotary tillerwith this image and obtained an innovative conceptualdesign scheme as shown in Figures 7 and 8

33 Design Evaluation for Hand-Held Rotary Tiller In orderto verify the reliability and innovation of conceptual designa conceptual scheme evaluation map was made with four

typical samples as shown in Figure 9 0e weight of fiveschemes were calculated by the AHP and construction ofjudgment matrix and the evaluation results of conceptualdesign scheme and other typical sample schemes were ob-tained [24]

0ree aspects of the 5 schemes modeling function andcolor matching were evaluated to find out an innovativehand-held rotary tiller design scheme (see Figure 10) In thiswork the evaluation weight was confirmed by several ex-perts including two industrial design experts and two ag-ricultural machinery design experts 0e results were more

Switch Hand connecting rod Motor

Chassis

GearingWheel

Handle

Rotary blade

Vegetation

Soil

Hold Support

Support

Control

Hold

SupportControl Control

DriveSupport

Support

Obstacle

Obstacle

Adhesion

Adhesion

Conrol

Control

Control

System component

Hypersystem component

Object

Normal functionInadequate function

Harmful function

Figure 4 System component function analysis of the hand-held rotary tiller

Table 9 Analysis on engineering parameters of hand-held rotary tillers

Emotionalwords Function Improvement factors Deteriorating factors TRIZ solution

SafetySafety (27) Reliability

(9) Speed 1 Segmentation 11 Cushion in advance21 Rushing through 16 Partial or

overdone action 28 Replacement of amechanical system 35 Transformation ofphysical and chemical states of an object

(12) Shape

Antivibration (31) Harmful factors sideeffects (36) Complexity of device 1 Segmentation 19 Periodic action 31

Use of porous materials

Comfortable Antiskid (27) Reliability (30) Harmful factors acting onobject

2 Extraction 27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive durable one

35 Transformation of physical andchemical states of an object 40 Composite

materials

Practical Practical (35) Adaptability (36) Complexity of equipment

15 Dynamicity 28 Replacement of amechanical system 29 Use a pneumatic or

hydraulic construction 37 0ermalexpansion

All Arabic numerals in Table 9 are the serial numbers in the TRIZ conflict matrix

10 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

objective because both of them were very familiar with thehand-held rotary tiller [25] And several judgment matriceswere constructed according to the data of questionnaires0rough the evaluation matrix the designer determines therequirement weighting coefficients of the criterion layer andthe scheme layer

331 Construction of Judgment Matrix

(1) Constructing judgment matrix As1 of the criterionlayer (s 1 2 3 and 4 where s stands for expert t 12 3 4 5 and 6 where t stands for scheme)

A11

1 315

13

15

1

13

113

13

15

13

5 3 1 3 1 5

3 313

113

5

5 5 1 3 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Table 10 Functional principles of the hand-held rotary tiller

Function Principle Principle elaboration

Safety

Replacement of a mechanical system Cushion in advance

Segmentation Rushing through

Partial or overdone action Transformation of physical and chemical states of an

object

Replacement of a mechanical system was currently arelatively new idea that can be tracked further

Cushion in advance was less innovative but it neededstudying

Segmentation rushing through and partial oroverdone action were not useful for safetyIt was not necessary to increase the cost for

transformation of physical and chemical states of anobject

AntivibrationUse of porous materials

Periodic action Segmentation

Use of porous materials was useful for buffervibrations Periodic action may cause resonance

Segmentation was not appropriate for Antivibration

Antiskid

Composite materials An inexpensive short-life object instead of an

expensive durable oneTransformation of physical and chemical states of an

object Extraction

Composite materials can be considered emphatically0e inventive principle of cheap alternatives was

needed further analysis 0e principle thattransformation of physical and chemical states of ahand-held rotary tiller may increase costs was not

taken into accountExtraction was not very suitable for the product

Practical

Dynamicity Replacement of a mechanical system

Use a pneumatic or hydraulic construction0ermal expansion

Dynamicity deserves to be considered and used0e inventive principle of replacing mechanical systemsusing pneumatic or hydraulic structures can continue to

be tracked 0ermal expansion can be excludedAll the principles come from the 40 original principles of TRIZ

Table 11 Description of technical improvements of the hand-held rotary tiller

Principle name Description of improvement

Replacement of a mechanical system0epressure sensor in the handle of the hand-held rotary tiller can detect the pressure of theoperatorrsquos hands on the handle When an accident occurs the single chip microcomputer

built in the hand-held rotary tiller will cut off the motor and stop the work

Use of porous materials Porous materials can be used for sound insulation but also can reduce the quality andvibration of hand-held rotary tiller

Composite materials 0e composite material can be used to improve the strength and rigidity of the machineand reduce the quality of the hand-held rotary tiller

Dynamicity Hand-held connecting rod was adjustable Rotary tiller blade can be replaced

Table 12 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotarytillers

A11minus B A21minus B A31minus B A41minus B

ω(2)s1

00608 00470 00460 0052400348 00278 00460 0029003419 04242 03953 0413901597 01275 00985 0133003419 03233 03569 0315500608 00502 00573 00561

λmax 65433 65882 65313 65504CI 01087 01176 01063 01101CR 00876 00949 00857 00888 Accept

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 11

Chassis Motor

Rotary bladeWheel

Gearing

Handle

Wire Pressure sensors

Hand connecting rod

Monochip computers

Height adjustable

Replacement of blade

Figure 5 Functional system diagram of the hand-held rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Figure 6 Iterative design of front face pattern of the rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c)

Figure 7 Conceptual design scheme of the hand-held rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Figure 8 Color series of the hand-held rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Figure 9 Typical sample schemes and conceptual design scheme (a) Scheme 1 (b) Scheme 2 (c) Scheme 3 (d) Scheme 4 (e) Scheme 5

12 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

A21

1 317

13

17

1

13

115

13

15

13

7 5 1 5 1 7

3 315

113

5

7 5 1 3 1 3

1 317

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

A31

1 115

13

15

1

1 115

115

13

5 5 1 5 1 5

3 115

115

5

5 5 1 5 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

A41

1 317

13

15

1

13

115

13

15

13

7 5 1 5 1 5

3 315

113

5

5 5 1 3 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

(5)

(2) Constructing judgment matrix Bst of the schemelayer

B11

113

315

15

3 1 5 3 1

13

15

117

17

515

7 1 1

5 1 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B21

113

315

15

3 1 5 113

13

15

113

13

5 1 7 1 1

5 3 3 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B31

113

515

15

3 1 3 1 13

15

13

115

17

5 1 5 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Target layer Selection of innovation scheme for hand-held rotary tiller

Criterionlayer

B1Harmonious

B2Dynamic

B3Safety

B4Comfortable

B5Practical

B6Individual

Schemelayer

C1Scheme 1

C2Scheme 2

C3Scheme 3

C1Scheme 1

C5Scheme 5

Figure 10 Hierarchical model of the hand-held rotary tiller

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 13

B41

113

315

13

3 1 515

13

13

15

115

15

5 5 5 1 3

3 3 513

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B12

113

15

15

15

3 1 3 5 1

15

13

115

17

515

5 1 1

5 1 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B22

113

513

13

3 1 3 1 115

13

115

15

3 1 5 113

3 1 5 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B32

113

515

15

3 1 313

13

15

13

117

17

5 3 7 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B42

113

515

17

3 1 313

13

15

13

115

15

5 3 5 1 1

7 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B13

115

13

17

15

5 1 3 113

313

113

17

7 1 3 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B23

113

113

15

3 1 313

13

113

115

17

3 3 5 113

5 3 5 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B33

113

315

17

3 1 313

15

13

13

117

17

5 5 3 113

7 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B43

113

113

15

3 1 315

15

113

115

15

315

5 1 1

5 5 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B14

113

13

15

15

3 1 113

15

1 1 113

17

5 3 3 113

5 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

14 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

B24

113

315

15

3 1 313

13

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 1 3

5 3 713

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B34

113

517

15

3 1 515

13

15

15

117

15

7 5 7 1 1

5 3 3 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B44

113

315

15

3 1 313

13

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 1 1

5 3 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B15

113

13

17

17

3 1 115

13

3 1 113

15

7 5 3 1 1

7 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B25 5

113

315

17

3 1 313

15

13

15

117

17

5 3 7 113

7 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B35

113

313

15

3 1 113

15

1 1 117

17

3 3 7 1 1

5 5 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B45

113

315

17

3 1 113

15

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 113

7 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B16

113

315

15

3 1 5 113

13

15

117

15

5 1 7 1 1

5 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B26

113

313

15

3 1 713

13

15

17

115

17

3 3 5 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B36

113

315

15

3 1 513

15

13

15

113

17

5 3 3 113

5 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 15

B46

113

515

17

3 1 513

15

15

15

115

17

5 3 5 1 1

7 5 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

(6)

332 Hierarchical Sequencing and Consistency Verification0e maximum eigenvalue λmax 65433 of the judgmentmatrix A11 was obtained by calculation and it was normalizedto ω(2)

11 (00608 00348 03419 01597 03419 00608) 0esix elements of the criterion layer are harmony dynamicssafety comfort practicality and individuality Consistency testis to test the coordination of the importance of each elementCI value of less than 1 indicates that consistency of thejudgmentmatrix is passed and the results are listed in Table 12

0e element bstij in the judgment matrix Bst is the comparisonmeasure of the superiority ofPt to C in the scheme layer (hand-held rotary tiller) 0e weight ω(3)

1t the maximum eigenvalueλmax and the consistency index CI1t were calculated from thecomparison judgment matrix B1t of the third layer and theresults are listed in Table 130e average of the total ranking ofthe scheme layers is shown in Table 14

After calculation the weight coefficient P of the 4 sampleschemes and a new conceptual design scheme of the targetlayer was obtained P1(C1) 007 P2(C2) 014 P3(C3)

006 P4(C4) 030 and P5(C5) 043 where Pt(C1) is theweight coefficient of sample 1 and so on 0erefore theinnovative conceptual design scheme was selected from thefive schemes because the weight coefficient of the conceptualdesign scheme P5(C5) was the largest one 043 0ismethod is effective and feasible for the innovative design ofagricultural machinery

4 Discussion

In order to improve the comprehensive quality of functionalproducts and meet the needs of users for product

Table 13 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotary tiller

B11ndashC B12ndashC B13ndashC B14ndashC B15ndashC B16ndashC Expert 1ω(3)1t 00815 00497 00417 00496 00434 00796

03322 03482 02016 01062 01063 0209100414 00465 00795 00797 01063 0043302290 02244 02156 02518 03720 0308603159 03312 04616 05127 03720 03594

λmax 52876 53691 52469 50252 50939 52194CI 00719 00923 00617 00063 00235 00548CR 00642 00824 00551 00056 00210 00490 Accept

B21ndashC B22ndashC B23ndashC B24ndashC B25ndashC B26ndashC Expert 2ω(3)2t 00856 01172 00712 00749 00658 00927

02247 02547 01524 01425 01209 0170500611 00502 00643 00422 00396 0034702799 02265 02619 04503 02726 0247303487 03515 04502 02902 05012 04547

λmax 54208 53773 52144 52785 52742 54268CI 01052 00943 00536 00696 00685 01067CR 00939 00842 00479 00622 00612 00935 Accept

B31ndashC B32ndashC B33ndashC B34ndashC B35ndashC B36ndashC Expert 3ω(3)3t 00855 00826 00669 00758 00692 00744

01832 01419 01231 01393 01074 0141600420 00379 00403 00359 00680 0044802247 02890 02595 04186 03393 0243404646 04485 05102 03304 04162 04957

λmax 53965 54257 53429 54404 52374 54451CI 00991 01064 00857 01101 00594 01113CR 00885 00950 00765 00983 00530 00994 Accept

B41ndashC B42ndashC B43ndashC B44ndashC B45ndashC B46ndashC Expert 4ω(3)4t 00846 00805 00697 00762 00658 00758

01454 01480 01216 01450 01209 0139300444 00452 00629 00429 00396 0035904757 03509 03538 03679 02726 0330402499 03754 03919 03679 05012 04186

λmax 54118 54301 52748 51295 52742 54404CI 01029 01075 00687 00324 00684 01101CR 00919 00960 00613 00289 00612 00983 Accept

16 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

personalization this paper puts forward the improvementexplanation of appearance and function and obtains the in-novative design scheme by introducing KE and TRIZ0eAHPwas used to evaluate the innovative design scheme Combiningwith the design of hand-held rotary tiller the correspondinginnovative design scheme was obtained and the design processwas attempted to be extended to other products 0e maincontent of the literature study [8 25 26] focused on the userrequirements mining or conceptual design stage and the re-searchers have not studied the application of detailed designstage and the subsequent evaluation of innovative design 0ispaper establishes an innovative design model from user needsmining conceptual design detailed design computer-aideddesign and scheme evaluation which is convenient for de-signers to design and develop products and also has a goodreference for innovative design of other products

However because the main research content of thispaper focuses on innovative design process the research onthe evaluation system of the scheme is insufficient In thefollowing work designers can introduce other design the-ories and methods to combine with existing research inorder to improve the process of innovative design

5 Conclusions

In order to improve the comprehensive quality of agricul-tural machinery products based on functional technologyand meet the needs of users the innovation design model ofagricultural machinery products based on KE-TRIZ wasconstructed

Firstly the designer used SD method and PCA methodto quantify and reduce the dimension of affective intentionwords aiming to select comprehensive variables repre-senting the needs of users Secondly by constructing a KE-TRIZ innovative design model the product appearance andfunction were innovatively designed and the contradictionbetween product appearance and function was analyzed tomake it well matched 0en taking the innovative design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as an example the applicationflow was described and the typical samples and designscheme were evaluated by the AHP which shows that themethod has obvious improvement in function and ap-pearance 0e KE-TRIZ method enables designers to designproducts more in line with the actual needs of users which iseffective and feasible for the innovative design of agriculturalmachinery

0e follow-up work is to further explore the integrationof technology cost and other multi-objective-driven in-novative designs of agricultural machinery products in orderto improve the applicability and integrity of the method

Data Availability

All data generated and analyzed during this study are in-cluded within the article

Conflicts of Interest

0e authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest

Authorsrsquo Contributions

Jian-wei Wang conceived and designed the study Jian-minZhang completed the design evaluation Jian-wei Wangcompleted product modeling Jian-min Zhang revised andpolished the manuscript All authors have read and ap-proved the final manuscript All authors contributed equallyto this work

Acknowledgments

0is work was supported by the Guizhou Natural ScienceFund Project (Guizhou Technology Cooperation SupportProgram (2017)1047) the Guizhou Science and TechnologyMajor Project (LH(2014)7629 LH(2016)7432 and LH(2017)7232) and the Academic New Seedling Cultivation andInnovation Exploration Specialization of Guizhou Univer-sity (Guizhou Platform Talents (2017)5788)

References

[1] G Q Yao C Q Xue and H Y Wang ldquoDesign method forcoach styling design based on image cognitionrdquo Journal ofSoutheast University Natural Science Edition vol 46 no 6pp 1198ndash1203 2016

[2] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei Engineering a new ergonomicconsumer-oriented technology for product developmentrdquoInternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 15 no 1pp 3ndash11 1995

[3] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei engineering as a powerful consumer-orientied technology for product developmentrdquo Applied Er-gonomics vol 33 no 3 pp 289ndash294 2002

[4] C E GolnooshRasoulifar and P Guy ldquoCommunicatingconsumer needs in the design process of branded productsrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015

[5] Y T Fu and S J Luo ldquoStyle perception-oriented productfamily shape gene designrdquo Comtuter IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 18 no 3 pp 449ndash457 2012

[6] L N Abdala R B Fernandes A Ogliari M Lower andJ Feldhusen ldquoCreative contributions of the methods of in-ventive principles of TRIZ and BioTRIZ to problem solvingrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 139 no 8 2017

[7] S Kim and B Yoon ldquoDeveloping a process of conceptgeneration for new product-service systems a QFD and

Table 14 Overall ranking result and average value of the third layer

Scheme Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 Scheme 5Expert 1 0048558458 0167268103 0083016534 0281635216 0419521689Expert 2 0072929489 0148099162 0051450184 0288521951 0438999215Expert 3 0070614603 0123757406 0050002922 0302460164 0453164905Expert 4 0070748371 0127513198 0049909632 0335077088 041675171Average value 006571273 0141659467 0058594818 0301923605 043210938

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 17

TRIZ-based approachrdquo Service Business vol 6 no 3pp 323ndash348 2012

[8] R H Tan R H Zhang F Liu and B J Yang ldquoTwo stagesanalogy-based conceptual design based on TRIZrdquo ComputerIntergrated Manufacturing Systems vol 12 no 3 pp 328ndash334 2006

[9] X Z Liu G N Qi J Z Fu B B Fan and J Xu ldquoA designprocess model of intergrated morphlolgical matrix andconflict resolving principlesrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 46 no 12 pp 2243ndash2258 2012

[10] Y H Cohen Y Reich and S Greenberg ldquoBiomineticsstructure-function patterns approachrdquo Journal of MechanicalDesign vol 136 no 11 2014

[11] L L Sun and F S Kong ldquoVisual comfort design of automobileseat based on Kansei engineering and TRIZ theoryrdquo Journal ofJinlin University Engineering and Technology Edition vol 44no 1 pp 106ndash110 2014

[12] W Chen C S Carolyn and Y Bernard ldquoSpecial issue userneeds and preferences in engineering designrdquo Journal ofMechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015

[13] Y X Huang C-H Chen and L P Khoo ldquoProducts clas-sification in emotional design using a basic-emotion basedsemantic differential methodrdquo International Journal of In-dustrial Ergonomics vol 42 no 6 pp 569ndash580 2012

[14] W Lu and J-F Petiot ldquoAffective design of products using anaudio-based protocol application to eyeglass framerdquo In-ternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 44 no 3pp 383ndash394 2014

[15] V Chulvi M C Gonzalez-Cruz E Mulet and J Aguilar-Zambrano ldquoInfluence of the type of idea-generation methodon the creativity of solutionsrdquo Research in Engineering Designvol 24 no 1 pp 33ndash41 2013

[16] B Mannan and Abid Haleem ldquoUnderstanding major di-mensions and determinants that help in diffusion amp adoptionof product innovation using AHP approachrdquo Journal ofGlobal Entrepreneurship Research vol 7 no 1 pp 1ndash24 2017

[17] T Wang and M R Liu ldquoApplication of QFD and AHP inrailway freight transportationrdquo Computer IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 24 no 1 pp 264ndash271 2018

[18] H-N Hsish J F Chen and Q H Du ldquoApplying TRIZ andfuzzy AHP based on lean production to develop an innovativedesign of a new shape for machine toolsrdquo Information vol 6no 1 pp 89ndash110 2015

[19] L-C Chen and L Lin ldquoOptimization of product configu-ration design using functional requirements and constraintsrdquoResearch in Engineering Design vol 13 no 3 pp 167ndash1822002

[20] Y Li M-D Shieh C-C Yang and L Zhu ldquoApplication offuzzy-based hybrid taguchi method for multiobjective opti-mization of product form designrdquo Mathematical Problems inEngineering vol 2018 Article ID 9091514 18 pages 2018

[21] Y Q Xu K Chen H B Qin and Z Y Wang ldquoStudy on theapplication of Kansei engineering in product form designrdquoApplied Mechanics and Materials vol 274 pp 513ndash516 2013

[22] S Hede P V Ferreira M N Lopes and L A Rocha ldquoTRIZand the paradigms of social sustainability in product devel-opment endeavorsrdquo Procedia Engineering vol 131 pp 522ndash538 2015

[23] Z Liu D Hu Y Gao et al ldquoTRIZ based revised design fordisassembly of joint structurerdquo Journal of Mechanical Engi-neering vol 48 no 11 pp 65ndash71 2012

[24] X Ji X J Gu F Dai et al ldquoBioTRIZ-based product in-novative design processrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 48 no 1 pp 35ndash41 2014

[25] X L Li W Zhao Y K Zheng R Wang and C WangldquoInnovative product design based on comprehensive cus-tomer requirements of different cognitive levelsrdquo lte Sci-entific World Journal vol 2014 Article ID 627093 11 pages2014

[26] G D Zhai Z H Liang and M Y Li ldquoStudy on the Opti-mization model of a flexible transmissionrdquo MathematicalProblems in Engineering vol 2019 Article ID 508457312 pages 2019

18 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Applied MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Probability and StatisticsHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical PhysicsAdvances in

Complex AnalysisJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

OptimizationJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Engineering Mathematics

International Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Operations ResearchAdvances in

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Function SpacesAbstract and Applied AnalysisHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2013Hindawiwwwhindawicom

The Scientific World Journal

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018Volume 2018

Numerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisAdvances inAdvances in Discrete Dynamics in

Nature and SocietyHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom

Dierential EquationsInternational Journal of

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Decision SciencesAdvances in

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

AnalysisInternational Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Stochastic AnalysisInternational Journal of

Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom

Page 5: Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of ...downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2019/8179851.pdf · ResearchArticle Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of Agricultural

0is work took the innovative design of the hand-heldrotary tiller as an example to illustrate the method Firstly100 perceptual vocabularies related to hand-held rotarytillers were extracted from the objective natural language ofusers 0rough Taobao physical stores and official websitesdesigners collected a large number of samples and con-ducted a large number of analysis and screening 0en thedesigner analyzed the characteristics of the hand-held rotarytiller and selected four typical samples according to themodeling characteristics of the rotary tiller 0e experimentfinally selected 4 kinds of hand-held rotary tillers as typicalsamples and they are shown in Table 3 0en 10 seniordesigners and 20 rival rotary tillers drivers were selected asrespondents Among them 4 designers majored in agri-cultural machinery 6 designers were graduate students inindustrial design 5 drivers had no operation experience and15 drivers had driving experience In the questionnairethere were 12 pairs of adjectives and their antonyms whichwere extracted as reference words for the style description ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as shown shown in Table 4However some adjectives were overlaps in semantics 0eywere given marks according to the Likert 7-point scalemethod for four representative hand-held rotary samplesAnd 6 pairs among them were selected by PCA and theywere thought as representative semantic adjectives for thehand-held rotary tillers [20]

30 Likert 7-point scale questionnaires were designedaccording to the above theory In order to analyze the re-liability of the questionnaire data the reliability of thequestionnaire data was tested by reliability analysis by usingSPSS 50 0e reliability statistics is 0885 which is greaterthan 08 To conclude the 12 pairs of adjectives and theirantonyms in these questionnaires are reliable

A group of new variables was obtained by PCA 0econtribution of variance of these new variables is not thesame 0e extraction of common factors is essentially todetermine some factors from which the information of theoriginal variables can be explained the most All the factorswith selectable eigenvalue greater than a certain critical valueare used as common factors and all the factors with selectableeigenvalue greater than 1 were extracted as common factors

0e data in Table 5 show the eigenvalues variance contri-bution and cumulative variance contribution of the factorsafter the extraction of common factors and after rotation [21]

12 groups of adjectives and antonyms were analyzed inSPSS and the results are shown in Table 6 0ere were sixpairs of adjectives and antonyms related to the principalcomponent the first group included dynamic-static andharmonious-disharmonious the second group consisted ofcomfortable-uncomfortable and practical-gaudy the thirdgroup included safe-dangerous and the fourth groupconsisted of individual-common

0ese four principal components contribute to 81872of the modeling style semantic feature information that is tosay these four style semantic feature principal componentscan well describe the modeling style features of the testsample cases

32 Innovative Design Based on KE and TRIZ for Hand-HeldRotary Tiller Quality function deployment (QFD) translatescustomer or market requirements into design requirementsprocess requirements and production requirements In orderto initially construct an idealizedmodel the house of quality isbuilt by means of the selected perceptual vocabulary andrelevant TRIZ invention principles and the relationshipbetween customer requirements and the performance of thecorresponding products is determined by means of QFDtheoretical knowledge which lays a foundation for the ap-plication of TRIZ later Building a House of Quality (HOQ)mainly includes the following steps (1) calculating user needsand their weights (2) 9 3 and 1 represent values of the strongmedium and weak relation respectively and the relationmatrix is established according to the values (3) the designerestablishes the floor of the HOQ by determining the targetvalue of the quality characteristics (4) competitive analysiscollect the products of the rotary tiller and establish thecompetitive ability evaluation matrix (the competitive abilityis expressed by 1sim5 1 is the worst 5 is the best) (5) technicalcapability evaluation according to the evaluation of pro-fessionals and their own experience the technical capability ofthe current products is compared with that of the competitiveproducts in the important characteristics and the technicalcapability matrix is established and (6) evaluation of therelationship between quality characteristics 0e results areshown in Figure 2

Based on the mapping of representative perceptualvocabulary with the engineering parameters of TRIZ and thecurrent situation of the hand-held rotary tiller the idealizedmodel of hand-held rotary tiller design is preliminarilyconstructed from two aspects of exterior structure andfunction technology as shown in Table 6 [22] Designers canrefer to the weight of stationary objects in TRIZ and createthe dynamic sensibility of products through the overallvolume of products Designers can also embody the har-mony of the whole product through the shape of theproduct In order to personalize the product the designerdesigns the product by feeding back different information tothe consumers Improving the reliability of products canimprove the safety of users using products

Table 1 0e pairwise comparison judgment

Intensity ofimportance Explanation

1 Demand ai has equal importance to demand aj3 Demand ai has weak importance than demand aj5 Demand ai has essential importance than demand aj7 Demand ai is less important than demand aj13 Demand ai is slightly less important than demand aj15 Demand ai is obviously less important than demand

aj17 Demand ai is extremely unimportant than demand aj

Table 2 Average random consistency index

n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9RI 0 0 058 094 112 124 132 141 145

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 5

Table 3 Modeling features of the hand-held rotary tiller

Sample Modeling feature Characteristic analysis Typical sample

Sample 1 Rotary tiller knife and other tools can be replaced

Sample 2 Wheels and rotary tillage knife position put to thefront

Sample 3 Traditional modeling

Sample 4 Hand-held rotary tiller was adjustable

Table 4 12 pairs of adjectives and their antonyms

Num Adjective pairs1 Comfortable-uncomfortable4 Dynamic-static7 Steady-light10 Easy-laborious2 Hard-weak5 Safe-dangerous8 Advanced-outdated11 Holistic-partial3 Practical-gaudy6 Individual-common9 Gorgeous-simple12 Harmonious-disharmonious

Table 5 PCA of semantic features of style

ComponentsInitial eigenvalue Extracting the sum of squares

Total Variance contribution()

Cumulative contribution() Total Variance contribution

()Cumulative contribution

()1 5876 48965 48965 5876 48965 489652 1617 13477 62442 1617 13477 624423 1322 11019 73460 1322 11019 734604 1009 8412 81872 1009 8412 81872 12 0010 0086 100000

6 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

In order to improve the practicability of products de-signers can adopt the principle of adaptability and versatilityin TRIZ theory Since the change in appearance structureaffects the shape parameters the invention is applied to thestatistical principle of the shape parameters used in thecontradiction matrix as shown in Table 7 0e inventionprinciple with higher usage rate is selected so that theoriginal understanding of the appearance structure design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller is provided and the improvementdescription of the inductive design of the hand-held rotarytiller is proposed as shown in Table 80ere are 17 principlesof invention for design (C10 Prior action C1 SegmentationC14 Spheroidality C15 Dynamicity C32 Changing thecolor C34 Rejecting and regenerating parts C35 Trans-formation of physical and chemical states of an object C2Extraction C4 Asymmetry C29 Use a pneumatic or hy-draulic construction C40 Composite materials C13 In-version C22 Convert harm into benefit C26 Copying C5Combining C17 Moving to a new dimension C28 Re-placement of a mechanical system)

According to the interpretation of the invention theshape of the hand-held rotary tiller was initially drawn byhand Designers can propose the direction of design throughthe inspiration of the principle of invention In order toembody the dynamics and coordination of the scheme thedesigner can use streamlined body language to form aconcise and harmonious overall form of the handrail con-necting rod and the head of the hand-held rotary tiller andmatch the reasonable color matching proportion to reducethe volume of the machine in the visual sense In order toreflect the comfort of the scheme the designer can divide themain view and the top view of the rotary tiller reasonably soas to stimulate the userrsquos sense of stability of themachine (seeFigure 3)

System component function analysis is a process ofmodeling system function0emodel should include systemcomponents hypersystem components objects and so onOn this basis the functional model diagram of the hand-heldrotary tiller was constructed as shown in Figure 4 Func-tional model diagrams can help designers understand thesystem identify the problems in the system identify thetypes of problems get inspiration to solve related problemsand then find appropriate solutions for each type of prob-lems in a precise way 0e designer first establishes thecomponent hierarchy model by component analysis then

analyses the relationship between system components es-tablishes the system component relationship model andestablishes the functional model System component func-tion analysis of the hand-held rotary tiller the operator issafe when both hands leave the handle of the hand-heldrotary tiller System components switch hand-held con-necting rods chassis motor rotary tillage knife wheels andtransmission hypersystem components vegetation and soilObjects handles and rotary blade

As shown in Table 9 through the analysis of the relevantengineering parameters in the TRIZ conflict matrix thedesigner has obtained the functional requirements of thehand-held rotary tiller as well as the principles of the in-vention to solve the corresponding problems In Table 9 (12)denotes the engineering parameter serial number and 1 de-notes the serial number of the inventive principle

In Table 10 ldquordquo indicates that the principle is the optimalsolution ldquordquo indicates that the principle needs to be con-sidered and ldquordquo means that the principle was constrainedby the current system and structure or cannot work [23] Forinstance in consideration of safety the physicalchemicalparameters of the existing hand-held rotary tiller had beenbasically determined and it was not necessary to increase thecost to change them Cushion in advance was less innovativebut it is worthy of consideration Segmentation rushingthrough and partial or overdone action were not useful forsafety Replacement of a mechanical system was a new ideathat should be taken into consideration

Several principles with ldquordquo and ldquordquo in Table 11 are il-lustrated in Table 12 for technical improvement of the hand-held rotary tiller

As shown in Table 11 the technical improvements(replacement of mechanical systems porous materialscomposites and dynamics) made by the designer on thehand-held rotary tiller do not conflict with the appearanceimprovements in Table 9 (dynamic harmonious and in-dividual) 0is indicated that the conceptual design can becontinued According to the interpretation of the inventionprinciples the functional technology of the hand-held rotarytiller was preliminarily conceived (see Figure 5)

According to the improvement of product appearanceand function technology explained by the invention prin-ciples three-dimensional modeling and rendering of theproduct were carried out by computer-aided technologyDesigners should meet the physiological and psychological

Table 6 Perceptual design of the hand-held rotary tiller idealized model

Emotionalwords TRIZ engineering parameters Current situation Idealized model

Exteriorstructure

DynamicWeight of stationary object

shape and loss of information

Monotonous old-fashioned colormatching poor systematicdesign and lack of corporate

identity information

Harmonious color design refinedgeometrical shape and full ofcorporate identity information

HarmoniousIndividual

Functionaltechnology

Safety Reliability harmful factorsproduced by objects andadaptability and versatility

Knife will hurt the operator andlacking ergonomic design

Safety high efficiencycomfortable ergonomic design

and reinforced structuralstructures

Comfortable

Practical

All TRIZ engineering parameters in Table 6 come from the 39 engineering parameters in TRIZ

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 7

needs of consumers when designing the appearance andtechnical functions of hand-held rotary tiller In computer-aided modeling the designer extracts some elements of the

front shape of the cattle for the front design of the hand-heldrotary tiller and assembles the front and the hand-held rodinto the head image of the cattle e traditional image of

First Second Third 1 2 3 4 5

Dynamic 3 1 2

Harmonious 5 1 2

Individual 5 1 2

Safety 39 1 2

Comfortable 13 1 2

Practical 33 1 2

5

4

3

2

1

Relative importance 012 014 003 025 022 024

Importance rating (10 ratings) 5 6 1 10 9 10

Absolute importance 180 210 45 384 333 354

Technical assessment 2 2

1 1 1

2 1 1 1 2 2

3 1 3 9

Target Value

Para

met

ric d

esig

n of

inte

gral

mod

elin

g

Usin

g ge

omet

ry b

ioni

c des

ign

Uni

fied

colo

r mat

chin

g an

d ad

ded

war

ning

signs

St

reng

then

the s

truc

ture

and

impr

ove t

hean

ti-vi

brat

ion

perfo

rman

ce

Set u

p pr

ecau

tions

Impr

ovem

ent o

f hum

an-m

achi

nepe

rform

ance

of h

andl

e and

rota

ry ti

llers

High-quality hand-held

rotary tiller

Exterior structure

Functional technology

3 3 9 3 1

3 3 9 1

3 9 1

3 9

1 2 3 4 5 6

3 3

9 Strong relation 3 Medium relation 1 Weak relation

Strong positive correlation Weak positive correlation

times Strong negative correlation Weak negative correlation

Market competitiveness evaluation

1 Current status 2 Competitor

Dem

and

impo

rtan

ce

Wei

ght o

f sta

tiona

ry o

bjec

t

Shap

e

Loss

of i

nfor

mat

ion

Relia

bilit

y

Har

mfu

l fac

tors

pro

duce

d by

obj

ects

Ada

ptab

ility

and

vers

atili

ty

times

Customer demand expansion

times

Technical indicators

Figure 2 Innovative design model for agricultural machinery products

8 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Table 7 Number of times inventive principles are used by improving shape parameters

Principle ofinvention Num Principle of

invention Num Principle of invention Num Principle of invention Num

1 Segmentation 9 11 Cushion inadvance 0 21 Rushing through 0 31 Use of Porous material 0

2 Extraction 5 12 Equipotentiality 0 22 Convert harm into benefit 4 32 Changing the color 73 Localconditions 2 13 Inversion 4 23 Feedback 0 33 Homogeneity 1

4 Asymmetry 5 14 Spheroidality 9 24 Mediator 0 34 Rejecting and regeneratingparts 7

5 Combining 3 15 Dynamicity 9 25 Self-service 1 35 Transformation of physicaland chemical states of an object 6

6 Universality 2 16 Partial oroverdone action 2 26 Copying 4 36 Phase transition 1

7 Nesting 2 17 Moving to a newdimension 3

27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive

durable one0 37 0ermal expansion 1

8 Counterweight 1 18 Mechanicalvibration 2 28 Replacement of a mechanical

system 3 38 Using strong oxidizers 0

9 Prior counter 1 19 Periodic action 1 29 Use a pneumatic or hydraulicconstruction 5 39 Inert environment 1

10 Prior action 10 20 Continuity ofuseful action 0 30 Flexible film or hydraulic

construction 2 40 Composite materials 5

Table 8 Description of appearance improvements of hand-held rotary tiller

Appearance Original understanding Description of improvement

Dynamic

Segmentation curved surfacedynamic characteristicsphysicalchemical change

combination

Curved surface design geometric scale bright andrefreshing feeling

Harmonious

Preactiondiscard or regenerate

extractionpneumatic and hydraulic structures

spatial dimension changemechanical system substitution

Parametric design concise and harmonious matchcolors for design the sense of volume in geometric

form

Individual

Change the colorcompositeasymmetry

spatial dimension change

Reasonable division of the layout systematic designchange harmful factors to favourable factors

All the original understandings come from TRIZ theory

(a) (b)

Figure 3 Hand drawing of the hand-held rotary tiller

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 9

bull head has been reinterpreted into the modern image ofbull head as shown in Figure 6 It expressed the traditionalcultivation culture Finally we used computer-aided in-dustrial design software to model the hand-held rotary tillerwith this image and obtained an innovative conceptualdesign scheme as shown in Figures 7 and 8

33 Design Evaluation for Hand-Held Rotary Tiller In orderto verify the reliability and innovation of conceptual designa conceptual scheme evaluation map was made with four

typical samples as shown in Figure 9 0e weight of fiveschemes were calculated by the AHP and construction ofjudgment matrix and the evaluation results of conceptualdesign scheme and other typical sample schemes were ob-tained [24]

0ree aspects of the 5 schemes modeling function andcolor matching were evaluated to find out an innovativehand-held rotary tiller design scheme (see Figure 10) In thiswork the evaluation weight was confirmed by several ex-perts including two industrial design experts and two ag-ricultural machinery design experts 0e results were more

Switch Hand connecting rod Motor

Chassis

GearingWheel

Handle

Rotary blade

Vegetation

Soil

Hold Support

Support

Control

Hold

SupportControl Control

DriveSupport

Support

Obstacle

Obstacle

Adhesion

Adhesion

Conrol

Control

Control

System component

Hypersystem component

Object

Normal functionInadequate function

Harmful function

Figure 4 System component function analysis of the hand-held rotary tiller

Table 9 Analysis on engineering parameters of hand-held rotary tillers

Emotionalwords Function Improvement factors Deteriorating factors TRIZ solution

SafetySafety (27) Reliability

(9) Speed 1 Segmentation 11 Cushion in advance21 Rushing through 16 Partial or

overdone action 28 Replacement of amechanical system 35 Transformation ofphysical and chemical states of an object

(12) Shape

Antivibration (31) Harmful factors sideeffects (36) Complexity of device 1 Segmentation 19 Periodic action 31

Use of porous materials

Comfortable Antiskid (27) Reliability (30) Harmful factors acting onobject

2 Extraction 27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive durable one

35 Transformation of physical andchemical states of an object 40 Composite

materials

Practical Practical (35) Adaptability (36) Complexity of equipment

15 Dynamicity 28 Replacement of amechanical system 29 Use a pneumatic or

hydraulic construction 37 0ermalexpansion

All Arabic numerals in Table 9 are the serial numbers in the TRIZ conflict matrix

10 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

objective because both of them were very familiar with thehand-held rotary tiller [25] And several judgment matriceswere constructed according to the data of questionnaires0rough the evaluation matrix the designer determines therequirement weighting coefficients of the criterion layer andthe scheme layer

331 Construction of Judgment Matrix

(1) Constructing judgment matrix As1 of the criterionlayer (s 1 2 3 and 4 where s stands for expert t 12 3 4 5 and 6 where t stands for scheme)

A11

1 315

13

15

1

13

113

13

15

13

5 3 1 3 1 5

3 313

113

5

5 5 1 3 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Table 10 Functional principles of the hand-held rotary tiller

Function Principle Principle elaboration

Safety

Replacement of a mechanical system Cushion in advance

Segmentation Rushing through

Partial or overdone action Transformation of physical and chemical states of an

object

Replacement of a mechanical system was currently arelatively new idea that can be tracked further

Cushion in advance was less innovative but it neededstudying

Segmentation rushing through and partial oroverdone action were not useful for safetyIt was not necessary to increase the cost for

transformation of physical and chemical states of anobject

AntivibrationUse of porous materials

Periodic action Segmentation

Use of porous materials was useful for buffervibrations Periodic action may cause resonance

Segmentation was not appropriate for Antivibration

Antiskid

Composite materials An inexpensive short-life object instead of an

expensive durable oneTransformation of physical and chemical states of an

object Extraction

Composite materials can be considered emphatically0e inventive principle of cheap alternatives was

needed further analysis 0e principle thattransformation of physical and chemical states of ahand-held rotary tiller may increase costs was not

taken into accountExtraction was not very suitable for the product

Practical

Dynamicity Replacement of a mechanical system

Use a pneumatic or hydraulic construction0ermal expansion

Dynamicity deserves to be considered and used0e inventive principle of replacing mechanical systemsusing pneumatic or hydraulic structures can continue to

be tracked 0ermal expansion can be excludedAll the principles come from the 40 original principles of TRIZ

Table 11 Description of technical improvements of the hand-held rotary tiller

Principle name Description of improvement

Replacement of a mechanical system0epressure sensor in the handle of the hand-held rotary tiller can detect the pressure of theoperatorrsquos hands on the handle When an accident occurs the single chip microcomputer

built in the hand-held rotary tiller will cut off the motor and stop the work

Use of porous materials Porous materials can be used for sound insulation but also can reduce the quality andvibration of hand-held rotary tiller

Composite materials 0e composite material can be used to improve the strength and rigidity of the machineand reduce the quality of the hand-held rotary tiller

Dynamicity Hand-held connecting rod was adjustable Rotary tiller blade can be replaced

Table 12 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotarytillers

A11minus B A21minus B A31minus B A41minus B

ω(2)s1

00608 00470 00460 0052400348 00278 00460 0029003419 04242 03953 0413901597 01275 00985 0133003419 03233 03569 0315500608 00502 00573 00561

λmax 65433 65882 65313 65504CI 01087 01176 01063 01101CR 00876 00949 00857 00888 Accept

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 11

Chassis Motor

Rotary bladeWheel

Gearing

Handle

Wire Pressure sensors

Hand connecting rod

Monochip computers

Height adjustable

Replacement of blade

Figure 5 Functional system diagram of the hand-held rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Figure 6 Iterative design of front face pattern of the rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c)

Figure 7 Conceptual design scheme of the hand-held rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Figure 8 Color series of the hand-held rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Figure 9 Typical sample schemes and conceptual design scheme (a) Scheme 1 (b) Scheme 2 (c) Scheme 3 (d) Scheme 4 (e) Scheme 5

12 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

A21

1 317

13

17

1

13

115

13

15

13

7 5 1 5 1 7

3 315

113

5

7 5 1 3 1 3

1 317

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

A31

1 115

13

15

1

1 115

115

13

5 5 1 5 1 5

3 115

115

5

5 5 1 5 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

A41

1 317

13

15

1

13

115

13

15

13

7 5 1 5 1 5

3 315

113

5

5 5 1 3 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

(5)

(2) Constructing judgment matrix Bst of the schemelayer

B11

113

315

15

3 1 5 3 1

13

15

117

17

515

7 1 1

5 1 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B21

113

315

15

3 1 5 113

13

15

113

13

5 1 7 1 1

5 3 3 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B31

113

515

15

3 1 3 1 13

15

13

115

17

5 1 5 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Target layer Selection of innovation scheme for hand-held rotary tiller

Criterionlayer

B1Harmonious

B2Dynamic

B3Safety

B4Comfortable

B5Practical

B6Individual

Schemelayer

C1Scheme 1

C2Scheme 2

C3Scheme 3

C1Scheme 1

C5Scheme 5

Figure 10 Hierarchical model of the hand-held rotary tiller

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 13

B41

113

315

13

3 1 515

13

13

15

115

15

5 5 5 1 3

3 3 513

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B12

113

15

15

15

3 1 3 5 1

15

13

115

17

515

5 1 1

5 1 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B22

113

513

13

3 1 3 1 115

13

115

15

3 1 5 113

3 1 5 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B32

113

515

15

3 1 313

13

15

13

117

17

5 3 7 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B42

113

515

17

3 1 313

13

15

13

115

15

5 3 5 1 1

7 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B13

115

13

17

15

5 1 3 113

313

113

17

7 1 3 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B23

113

113

15

3 1 313

13

113

115

17

3 3 5 113

5 3 5 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B33

113

315

17

3 1 313

15

13

13

117

17

5 5 3 113

7 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B43

113

113

15

3 1 315

15

113

115

15

315

5 1 1

5 5 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B14

113

13

15

15

3 1 113

15

1 1 113

17

5 3 3 113

5 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

14 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

B24

113

315

15

3 1 313

13

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 1 3

5 3 713

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B34

113

517

15

3 1 515

13

15

15

117

15

7 5 7 1 1

5 3 3 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B44

113

315

15

3 1 313

13

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 1 1

5 3 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B15

113

13

17

17

3 1 115

13

3 1 113

15

7 5 3 1 1

7 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B25 5

113

315

17

3 1 313

15

13

15

117

17

5 3 7 113

7 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B35

113

313

15

3 1 113

15

1 1 117

17

3 3 7 1 1

5 5 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B45

113

315

17

3 1 113

15

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 113

7 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B16

113

315

15

3 1 5 113

13

15

117

15

5 1 7 1 1

5 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B26

113

313

15

3 1 713

13

15

17

115

17

3 3 5 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B36

113

315

15

3 1 513

15

13

15

113

17

5 3 3 113

5 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 15

B46

113

515

17

3 1 513

15

15

15

115

17

5 3 5 1 1

7 5 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

(6)

332 Hierarchical Sequencing and Consistency Verification0e maximum eigenvalue λmax 65433 of the judgmentmatrix A11 was obtained by calculation and it was normalizedto ω(2)

11 (00608 00348 03419 01597 03419 00608) 0esix elements of the criterion layer are harmony dynamicssafety comfort practicality and individuality Consistency testis to test the coordination of the importance of each elementCI value of less than 1 indicates that consistency of thejudgmentmatrix is passed and the results are listed in Table 12

0e element bstij in the judgment matrix Bst is the comparisonmeasure of the superiority ofPt to C in the scheme layer (hand-held rotary tiller) 0e weight ω(3)

1t the maximum eigenvalueλmax and the consistency index CI1t were calculated from thecomparison judgment matrix B1t of the third layer and theresults are listed in Table 130e average of the total ranking ofthe scheme layers is shown in Table 14

After calculation the weight coefficient P of the 4 sampleschemes and a new conceptual design scheme of the targetlayer was obtained P1(C1) 007 P2(C2) 014 P3(C3)

006 P4(C4) 030 and P5(C5) 043 where Pt(C1) is theweight coefficient of sample 1 and so on 0erefore theinnovative conceptual design scheme was selected from thefive schemes because the weight coefficient of the conceptualdesign scheme P5(C5) was the largest one 043 0ismethod is effective and feasible for the innovative design ofagricultural machinery

4 Discussion

In order to improve the comprehensive quality of functionalproducts and meet the needs of users for product

Table 13 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotary tiller

B11ndashC B12ndashC B13ndashC B14ndashC B15ndashC B16ndashC Expert 1ω(3)1t 00815 00497 00417 00496 00434 00796

03322 03482 02016 01062 01063 0209100414 00465 00795 00797 01063 0043302290 02244 02156 02518 03720 0308603159 03312 04616 05127 03720 03594

λmax 52876 53691 52469 50252 50939 52194CI 00719 00923 00617 00063 00235 00548CR 00642 00824 00551 00056 00210 00490 Accept

B21ndashC B22ndashC B23ndashC B24ndashC B25ndashC B26ndashC Expert 2ω(3)2t 00856 01172 00712 00749 00658 00927

02247 02547 01524 01425 01209 0170500611 00502 00643 00422 00396 0034702799 02265 02619 04503 02726 0247303487 03515 04502 02902 05012 04547

λmax 54208 53773 52144 52785 52742 54268CI 01052 00943 00536 00696 00685 01067CR 00939 00842 00479 00622 00612 00935 Accept

B31ndashC B32ndashC B33ndashC B34ndashC B35ndashC B36ndashC Expert 3ω(3)3t 00855 00826 00669 00758 00692 00744

01832 01419 01231 01393 01074 0141600420 00379 00403 00359 00680 0044802247 02890 02595 04186 03393 0243404646 04485 05102 03304 04162 04957

λmax 53965 54257 53429 54404 52374 54451CI 00991 01064 00857 01101 00594 01113CR 00885 00950 00765 00983 00530 00994 Accept

B41ndashC B42ndashC B43ndashC B44ndashC B45ndashC B46ndashC Expert 4ω(3)4t 00846 00805 00697 00762 00658 00758

01454 01480 01216 01450 01209 0139300444 00452 00629 00429 00396 0035904757 03509 03538 03679 02726 0330402499 03754 03919 03679 05012 04186

λmax 54118 54301 52748 51295 52742 54404CI 01029 01075 00687 00324 00684 01101CR 00919 00960 00613 00289 00612 00983 Accept

16 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

personalization this paper puts forward the improvementexplanation of appearance and function and obtains the in-novative design scheme by introducing KE and TRIZ0eAHPwas used to evaluate the innovative design scheme Combiningwith the design of hand-held rotary tiller the correspondinginnovative design scheme was obtained and the design processwas attempted to be extended to other products 0e maincontent of the literature study [8 25 26] focused on the userrequirements mining or conceptual design stage and the re-searchers have not studied the application of detailed designstage and the subsequent evaluation of innovative design 0ispaper establishes an innovative design model from user needsmining conceptual design detailed design computer-aideddesign and scheme evaluation which is convenient for de-signers to design and develop products and also has a goodreference for innovative design of other products

However because the main research content of thispaper focuses on innovative design process the research onthe evaluation system of the scheme is insufficient In thefollowing work designers can introduce other design the-ories and methods to combine with existing research inorder to improve the process of innovative design

5 Conclusions

In order to improve the comprehensive quality of agricul-tural machinery products based on functional technologyand meet the needs of users the innovation design model ofagricultural machinery products based on KE-TRIZ wasconstructed

Firstly the designer used SD method and PCA methodto quantify and reduce the dimension of affective intentionwords aiming to select comprehensive variables repre-senting the needs of users Secondly by constructing a KE-TRIZ innovative design model the product appearance andfunction were innovatively designed and the contradictionbetween product appearance and function was analyzed tomake it well matched 0en taking the innovative design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as an example the applicationflow was described and the typical samples and designscheme were evaluated by the AHP which shows that themethod has obvious improvement in function and ap-pearance 0e KE-TRIZ method enables designers to designproducts more in line with the actual needs of users which iseffective and feasible for the innovative design of agriculturalmachinery

0e follow-up work is to further explore the integrationof technology cost and other multi-objective-driven in-novative designs of agricultural machinery products in orderto improve the applicability and integrity of the method

Data Availability

All data generated and analyzed during this study are in-cluded within the article

Conflicts of Interest

0e authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest

Authorsrsquo Contributions

Jian-wei Wang conceived and designed the study Jian-minZhang completed the design evaluation Jian-wei Wangcompleted product modeling Jian-min Zhang revised andpolished the manuscript All authors have read and ap-proved the final manuscript All authors contributed equallyto this work

Acknowledgments

0is work was supported by the Guizhou Natural ScienceFund Project (Guizhou Technology Cooperation SupportProgram (2017)1047) the Guizhou Science and TechnologyMajor Project (LH(2014)7629 LH(2016)7432 and LH(2017)7232) and the Academic New Seedling Cultivation andInnovation Exploration Specialization of Guizhou Univer-sity (Guizhou Platform Talents (2017)5788)

References

[1] G Q Yao C Q Xue and H Y Wang ldquoDesign method forcoach styling design based on image cognitionrdquo Journal ofSoutheast University Natural Science Edition vol 46 no 6pp 1198ndash1203 2016

[2] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei Engineering a new ergonomicconsumer-oriented technology for product developmentrdquoInternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 15 no 1pp 3ndash11 1995

[3] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei engineering as a powerful consumer-orientied technology for product developmentrdquo Applied Er-gonomics vol 33 no 3 pp 289ndash294 2002

[4] C E GolnooshRasoulifar and P Guy ldquoCommunicatingconsumer needs in the design process of branded productsrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015

[5] Y T Fu and S J Luo ldquoStyle perception-oriented productfamily shape gene designrdquo Comtuter IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 18 no 3 pp 449ndash457 2012

[6] L N Abdala R B Fernandes A Ogliari M Lower andJ Feldhusen ldquoCreative contributions of the methods of in-ventive principles of TRIZ and BioTRIZ to problem solvingrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 139 no 8 2017

[7] S Kim and B Yoon ldquoDeveloping a process of conceptgeneration for new product-service systems a QFD and

Table 14 Overall ranking result and average value of the third layer

Scheme Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 Scheme 5Expert 1 0048558458 0167268103 0083016534 0281635216 0419521689Expert 2 0072929489 0148099162 0051450184 0288521951 0438999215Expert 3 0070614603 0123757406 0050002922 0302460164 0453164905Expert 4 0070748371 0127513198 0049909632 0335077088 041675171Average value 006571273 0141659467 0058594818 0301923605 043210938

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 17

TRIZ-based approachrdquo Service Business vol 6 no 3pp 323ndash348 2012

[8] R H Tan R H Zhang F Liu and B J Yang ldquoTwo stagesanalogy-based conceptual design based on TRIZrdquo ComputerIntergrated Manufacturing Systems vol 12 no 3 pp 328ndash334 2006

[9] X Z Liu G N Qi J Z Fu B B Fan and J Xu ldquoA designprocess model of intergrated morphlolgical matrix andconflict resolving principlesrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 46 no 12 pp 2243ndash2258 2012

[10] Y H Cohen Y Reich and S Greenberg ldquoBiomineticsstructure-function patterns approachrdquo Journal of MechanicalDesign vol 136 no 11 2014

[11] L L Sun and F S Kong ldquoVisual comfort design of automobileseat based on Kansei engineering and TRIZ theoryrdquo Journal ofJinlin University Engineering and Technology Edition vol 44no 1 pp 106ndash110 2014

[12] W Chen C S Carolyn and Y Bernard ldquoSpecial issue userneeds and preferences in engineering designrdquo Journal ofMechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015

[13] Y X Huang C-H Chen and L P Khoo ldquoProducts clas-sification in emotional design using a basic-emotion basedsemantic differential methodrdquo International Journal of In-dustrial Ergonomics vol 42 no 6 pp 569ndash580 2012

[14] W Lu and J-F Petiot ldquoAffective design of products using anaudio-based protocol application to eyeglass framerdquo In-ternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 44 no 3pp 383ndash394 2014

[15] V Chulvi M C Gonzalez-Cruz E Mulet and J Aguilar-Zambrano ldquoInfluence of the type of idea-generation methodon the creativity of solutionsrdquo Research in Engineering Designvol 24 no 1 pp 33ndash41 2013

[16] B Mannan and Abid Haleem ldquoUnderstanding major di-mensions and determinants that help in diffusion amp adoptionof product innovation using AHP approachrdquo Journal ofGlobal Entrepreneurship Research vol 7 no 1 pp 1ndash24 2017

[17] T Wang and M R Liu ldquoApplication of QFD and AHP inrailway freight transportationrdquo Computer IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 24 no 1 pp 264ndash271 2018

[18] H-N Hsish J F Chen and Q H Du ldquoApplying TRIZ andfuzzy AHP based on lean production to develop an innovativedesign of a new shape for machine toolsrdquo Information vol 6no 1 pp 89ndash110 2015

[19] L-C Chen and L Lin ldquoOptimization of product configu-ration design using functional requirements and constraintsrdquoResearch in Engineering Design vol 13 no 3 pp 167ndash1822002

[20] Y Li M-D Shieh C-C Yang and L Zhu ldquoApplication offuzzy-based hybrid taguchi method for multiobjective opti-mization of product form designrdquo Mathematical Problems inEngineering vol 2018 Article ID 9091514 18 pages 2018

[21] Y Q Xu K Chen H B Qin and Z Y Wang ldquoStudy on theapplication of Kansei engineering in product form designrdquoApplied Mechanics and Materials vol 274 pp 513ndash516 2013

[22] S Hede P V Ferreira M N Lopes and L A Rocha ldquoTRIZand the paradigms of social sustainability in product devel-opment endeavorsrdquo Procedia Engineering vol 131 pp 522ndash538 2015

[23] Z Liu D Hu Y Gao et al ldquoTRIZ based revised design fordisassembly of joint structurerdquo Journal of Mechanical Engi-neering vol 48 no 11 pp 65ndash71 2012

[24] X Ji X J Gu F Dai et al ldquoBioTRIZ-based product in-novative design processrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 48 no 1 pp 35ndash41 2014

[25] X L Li W Zhao Y K Zheng R Wang and C WangldquoInnovative product design based on comprehensive cus-tomer requirements of different cognitive levelsrdquo lte Sci-entific World Journal vol 2014 Article ID 627093 11 pages2014

[26] G D Zhai Z H Liang and M Y Li ldquoStudy on the Opti-mization model of a flexible transmissionrdquo MathematicalProblems in Engineering vol 2019 Article ID 508457312 pages 2019

18 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Applied MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Probability and StatisticsHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical PhysicsAdvances in

Complex AnalysisJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

OptimizationJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Engineering Mathematics

International Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Operations ResearchAdvances in

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Function SpacesAbstract and Applied AnalysisHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2013Hindawiwwwhindawicom

The Scientific World Journal

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018Volume 2018

Numerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisAdvances inAdvances in Discrete Dynamics in

Nature and SocietyHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom

Dierential EquationsInternational Journal of

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Decision SciencesAdvances in

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

AnalysisInternational Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Stochastic AnalysisInternational Journal of

Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom

Page 6: Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of ...downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2019/8179851.pdf · ResearchArticle Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of Agricultural

Table 3 Modeling features of the hand-held rotary tiller

Sample Modeling feature Characteristic analysis Typical sample

Sample 1 Rotary tiller knife and other tools can be replaced

Sample 2 Wheels and rotary tillage knife position put to thefront

Sample 3 Traditional modeling

Sample 4 Hand-held rotary tiller was adjustable

Table 4 12 pairs of adjectives and their antonyms

Num Adjective pairs1 Comfortable-uncomfortable4 Dynamic-static7 Steady-light10 Easy-laborious2 Hard-weak5 Safe-dangerous8 Advanced-outdated11 Holistic-partial3 Practical-gaudy6 Individual-common9 Gorgeous-simple12 Harmonious-disharmonious

Table 5 PCA of semantic features of style

ComponentsInitial eigenvalue Extracting the sum of squares

Total Variance contribution()

Cumulative contribution() Total Variance contribution

()Cumulative contribution

()1 5876 48965 48965 5876 48965 489652 1617 13477 62442 1617 13477 624423 1322 11019 73460 1322 11019 734604 1009 8412 81872 1009 8412 81872 12 0010 0086 100000

6 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

In order to improve the practicability of products de-signers can adopt the principle of adaptability and versatilityin TRIZ theory Since the change in appearance structureaffects the shape parameters the invention is applied to thestatistical principle of the shape parameters used in thecontradiction matrix as shown in Table 7 0e inventionprinciple with higher usage rate is selected so that theoriginal understanding of the appearance structure design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller is provided and the improvementdescription of the inductive design of the hand-held rotarytiller is proposed as shown in Table 80ere are 17 principlesof invention for design (C10 Prior action C1 SegmentationC14 Spheroidality C15 Dynamicity C32 Changing thecolor C34 Rejecting and regenerating parts C35 Trans-formation of physical and chemical states of an object C2Extraction C4 Asymmetry C29 Use a pneumatic or hy-draulic construction C40 Composite materials C13 In-version C22 Convert harm into benefit C26 Copying C5Combining C17 Moving to a new dimension C28 Re-placement of a mechanical system)

According to the interpretation of the invention theshape of the hand-held rotary tiller was initially drawn byhand Designers can propose the direction of design throughthe inspiration of the principle of invention In order toembody the dynamics and coordination of the scheme thedesigner can use streamlined body language to form aconcise and harmonious overall form of the handrail con-necting rod and the head of the hand-held rotary tiller andmatch the reasonable color matching proportion to reducethe volume of the machine in the visual sense In order toreflect the comfort of the scheme the designer can divide themain view and the top view of the rotary tiller reasonably soas to stimulate the userrsquos sense of stability of themachine (seeFigure 3)

System component function analysis is a process ofmodeling system function0emodel should include systemcomponents hypersystem components objects and so onOn this basis the functional model diagram of the hand-heldrotary tiller was constructed as shown in Figure 4 Func-tional model diagrams can help designers understand thesystem identify the problems in the system identify thetypes of problems get inspiration to solve related problemsand then find appropriate solutions for each type of prob-lems in a precise way 0e designer first establishes thecomponent hierarchy model by component analysis then

analyses the relationship between system components es-tablishes the system component relationship model andestablishes the functional model System component func-tion analysis of the hand-held rotary tiller the operator issafe when both hands leave the handle of the hand-heldrotary tiller System components switch hand-held con-necting rods chassis motor rotary tillage knife wheels andtransmission hypersystem components vegetation and soilObjects handles and rotary blade

As shown in Table 9 through the analysis of the relevantengineering parameters in the TRIZ conflict matrix thedesigner has obtained the functional requirements of thehand-held rotary tiller as well as the principles of the in-vention to solve the corresponding problems In Table 9 (12)denotes the engineering parameter serial number and 1 de-notes the serial number of the inventive principle

In Table 10 ldquordquo indicates that the principle is the optimalsolution ldquordquo indicates that the principle needs to be con-sidered and ldquordquo means that the principle was constrainedby the current system and structure or cannot work [23] Forinstance in consideration of safety the physicalchemicalparameters of the existing hand-held rotary tiller had beenbasically determined and it was not necessary to increase thecost to change them Cushion in advance was less innovativebut it is worthy of consideration Segmentation rushingthrough and partial or overdone action were not useful forsafety Replacement of a mechanical system was a new ideathat should be taken into consideration

Several principles with ldquordquo and ldquordquo in Table 11 are il-lustrated in Table 12 for technical improvement of the hand-held rotary tiller

As shown in Table 11 the technical improvements(replacement of mechanical systems porous materialscomposites and dynamics) made by the designer on thehand-held rotary tiller do not conflict with the appearanceimprovements in Table 9 (dynamic harmonious and in-dividual) 0is indicated that the conceptual design can becontinued According to the interpretation of the inventionprinciples the functional technology of the hand-held rotarytiller was preliminarily conceived (see Figure 5)

According to the improvement of product appearanceand function technology explained by the invention prin-ciples three-dimensional modeling and rendering of theproduct were carried out by computer-aided technologyDesigners should meet the physiological and psychological

Table 6 Perceptual design of the hand-held rotary tiller idealized model

Emotionalwords TRIZ engineering parameters Current situation Idealized model

Exteriorstructure

DynamicWeight of stationary object

shape and loss of information

Monotonous old-fashioned colormatching poor systematicdesign and lack of corporate

identity information

Harmonious color design refinedgeometrical shape and full ofcorporate identity information

HarmoniousIndividual

Functionaltechnology

Safety Reliability harmful factorsproduced by objects andadaptability and versatility

Knife will hurt the operator andlacking ergonomic design

Safety high efficiencycomfortable ergonomic design

and reinforced structuralstructures

Comfortable

Practical

All TRIZ engineering parameters in Table 6 come from the 39 engineering parameters in TRIZ

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 7

needs of consumers when designing the appearance andtechnical functions of hand-held rotary tiller In computer-aided modeling the designer extracts some elements of the

front shape of the cattle for the front design of the hand-heldrotary tiller and assembles the front and the hand-held rodinto the head image of the cattle e traditional image of

First Second Third 1 2 3 4 5

Dynamic 3 1 2

Harmonious 5 1 2

Individual 5 1 2

Safety 39 1 2

Comfortable 13 1 2

Practical 33 1 2

5

4

3

2

1

Relative importance 012 014 003 025 022 024

Importance rating (10 ratings) 5 6 1 10 9 10

Absolute importance 180 210 45 384 333 354

Technical assessment 2 2

1 1 1

2 1 1 1 2 2

3 1 3 9

Target Value

Para

met

ric d

esig

n of

inte

gral

mod

elin

g

Usin

g ge

omet

ry b

ioni

c des

ign

Uni

fied

colo

r mat

chin

g an

d ad

ded

war

ning

signs

St

reng

then

the s

truc

ture

and

impr

ove t

hean

ti-vi

brat

ion

perfo

rman

ce

Set u

p pr

ecau

tions

Impr

ovem

ent o

f hum

an-m

achi

nepe

rform

ance

of h

andl

e and

rota

ry ti

llers

High-quality hand-held

rotary tiller

Exterior structure

Functional technology

3 3 9 3 1

3 3 9 1

3 9 1

3 9

1 2 3 4 5 6

3 3

9 Strong relation 3 Medium relation 1 Weak relation

Strong positive correlation Weak positive correlation

times Strong negative correlation Weak negative correlation

Market competitiveness evaluation

1 Current status 2 Competitor

Dem

and

impo

rtan

ce

Wei

ght o

f sta

tiona

ry o

bjec

t

Shap

e

Loss

of i

nfor

mat

ion

Relia

bilit

y

Har

mfu

l fac

tors

pro

duce

d by

obj

ects

Ada

ptab

ility

and

vers

atili

ty

times

Customer demand expansion

times

Technical indicators

Figure 2 Innovative design model for agricultural machinery products

8 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Table 7 Number of times inventive principles are used by improving shape parameters

Principle ofinvention Num Principle of

invention Num Principle of invention Num Principle of invention Num

1 Segmentation 9 11 Cushion inadvance 0 21 Rushing through 0 31 Use of Porous material 0

2 Extraction 5 12 Equipotentiality 0 22 Convert harm into benefit 4 32 Changing the color 73 Localconditions 2 13 Inversion 4 23 Feedback 0 33 Homogeneity 1

4 Asymmetry 5 14 Spheroidality 9 24 Mediator 0 34 Rejecting and regeneratingparts 7

5 Combining 3 15 Dynamicity 9 25 Self-service 1 35 Transformation of physicaland chemical states of an object 6

6 Universality 2 16 Partial oroverdone action 2 26 Copying 4 36 Phase transition 1

7 Nesting 2 17 Moving to a newdimension 3

27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive

durable one0 37 0ermal expansion 1

8 Counterweight 1 18 Mechanicalvibration 2 28 Replacement of a mechanical

system 3 38 Using strong oxidizers 0

9 Prior counter 1 19 Periodic action 1 29 Use a pneumatic or hydraulicconstruction 5 39 Inert environment 1

10 Prior action 10 20 Continuity ofuseful action 0 30 Flexible film or hydraulic

construction 2 40 Composite materials 5

Table 8 Description of appearance improvements of hand-held rotary tiller

Appearance Original understanding Description of improvement

Dynamic

Segmentation curved surfacedynamic characteristicsphysicalchemical change

combination

Curved surface design geometric scale bright andrefreshing feeling

Harmonious

Preactiondiscard or regenerate

extractionpneumatic and hydraulic structures

spatial dimension changemechanical system substitution

Parametric design concise and harmonious matchcolors for design the sense of volume in geometric

form

Individual

Change the colorcompositeasymmetry

spatial dimension change

Reasonable division of the layout systematic designchange harmful factors to favourable factors

All the original understandings come from TRIZ theory

(a) (b)

Figure 3 Hand drawing of the hand-held rotary tiller

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 9

bull head has been reinterpreted into the modern image ofbull head as shown in Figure 6 It expressed the traditionalcultivation culture Finally we used computer-aided in-dustrial design software to model the hand-held rotary tillerwith this image and obtained an innovative conceptualdesign scheme as shown in Figures 7 and 8

33 Design Evaluation for Hand-Held Rotary Tiller In orderto verify the reliability and innovation of conceptual designa conceptual scheme evaluation map was made with four

typical samples as shown in Figure 9 0e weight of fiveschemes were calculated by the AHP and construction ofjudgment matrix and the evaluation results of conceptualdesign scheme and other typical sample schemes were ob-tained [24]

0ree aspects of the 5 schemes modeling function andcolor matching were evaluated to find out an innovativehand-held rotary tiller design scheme (see Figure 10) In thiswork the evaluation weight was confirmed by several ex-perts including two industrial design experts and two ag-ricultural machinery design experts 0e results were more

Switch Hand connecting rod Motor

Chassis

GearingWheel

Handle

Rotary blade

Vegetation

Soil

Hold Support

Support

Control

Hold

SupportControl Control

DriveSupport

Support

Obstacle

Obstacle

Adhesion

Adhesion

Conrol

Control

Control

System component

Hypersystem component

Object

Normal functionInadequate function

Harmful function

Figure 4 System component function analysis of the hand-held rotary tiller

Table 9 Analysis on engineering parameters of hand-held rotary tillers

Emotionalwords Function Improvement factors Deteriorating factors TRIZ solution

SafetySafety (27) Reliability

(9) Speed 1 Segmentation 11 Cushion in advance21 Rushing through 16 Partial or

overdone action 28 Replacement of amechanical system 35 Transformation ofphysical and chemical states of an object

(12) Shape

Antivibration (31) Harmful factors sideeffects (36) Complexity of device 1 Segmentation 19 Periodic action 31

Use of porous materials

Comfortable Antiskid (27) Reliability (30) Harmful factors acting onobject

2 Extraction 27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive durable one

35 Transformation of physical andchemical states of an object 40 Composite

materials

Practical Practical (35) Adaptability (36) Complexity of equipment

15 Dynamicity 28 Replacement of amechanical system 29 Use a pneumatic or

hydraulic construction 37 0ermalexpansion

All Arabic numerals in Table 9 are the serial numbers in the TRIZ conflict matrix

10 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

objective because both of them were very familiar with thehand-held rotary tiller [25] And several judgment matriceswere constructed according to the data of questionnaires0rough the evaluation matrix the designer determines therequirement weighting coefficients of the criterion layer andthe scheme layer

331 Construction of Judgment Matrix

(1) Constructing judgment matrix As1 of the criterionlayer (s 1 2 3 and 4 where s stands for expert t 12 3 4 5 and 6 where t stands for scheme)

A11

1 315

13

15

1

13

113

13

15

13

5 3 1 3 1 5

3 313

113

5

5 5 1 3 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Table 10 Functional principles of the hand-held rotary tiller

Function Principle Principle elaboration

Safety

Replacement of a mechanical system Cushion in advance

Segmentation Rushing through

Partial or overdone action Transformation of physical and chemical states of an

object

Replacement of a mechanical system was currently arelatively new idea that can be tracked further

Cushion in advance was less innovative but it neededstudying

Segmentation rushing through and partial oroverdone action were not useful for safetyIt was not necessary to increase the cost for

transformation of physical and chemical states of anobject

AntivibrationUse of porous materials

Periodic action Segmentation

Use of porous materials was useful for buffervibrations Periodic action may cause resonance

Segmentation was not appropriate for Antivibration

Antiskid

Composite materials An inexpensive short-life object instead of an

expensive durable oneTransformation of physical and chemical states of an

object Extraction

Composite materials can be considered emphatically0e inventive principle of cheap alternatives was

needed further analysis 0e principle thattransformation of physical and chemical states of ahand-held rotary tiller may increase costs was not

taken into accountExtraction was not very suitable for the product

Practical

Dynamicity Replacement of a mechanical system

Use a pneumatic or hydraulic construction0ermal expansion

Dynamicity deserves to be considered and used0e inventive principle of replacing mechanical systemsusing pneumatic or hydraulic structures can continue to

be tracked 0ermal expansion can be excludedAll the principles come from the 40 original principles of TRIZ

Table 11 Description of technical improvements of the hand-held rotary tiller

Principle name Description of improvement

Replacement of a mechanical system0epressure sensor in the handle of the hand-held rotary tiller can detect the pressure of theoperatorrsquos hands on the handle When an accident occurs the single chip microcomputer

built in the hand-held rotary tiller will cut off the motor and stop the work

Use of porous materials Porous materials can be used for sound insulation but also can reduce the quality andvibration of hand-held rotary tiller

Composite materials 0e composite material can be used to improve the strength and rigidity of the machineand reduce the quality of the hand-held rotary tiller

Dynamicity Hand-held connecting rod was adjustable Rotary tiller blade can be replaced

Table 12 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotarytillers

A11minus B A21minus B A31minus B A41minus B

ω(2)s1

00608 00470 00460 0052400348 00278 00460 0029003419 04242 03953 0413901597 01275 00985 0133003419 03233 03569 0315500608 00502 00573 00561

λmax 65433 65882 65313 65504CI 01087 01176 01063 01101CR 00876 00949 00857 00888 Accept

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 11

Chassis Motor

Rotary bladeWheel

Gearing

Handle

Wire Pressure sensors

Hand connecting rod

Monochip computers

Height adjustable

Replacement of blade

Figure 5 Functional system diagram of the hand-held rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Figure 6 Iterative design of front face pattern of the rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c)

Figure 7 Conceptual design scheme of the hand-held rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Figure 8 Color series of the hand-held rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Figure 9 Typical sample schemes and conceptual design scheme (a) Scheme 1 (b) Scheme 2 (c) Scheme 3 (d) Scheme 4 (e) Scheme 5

12 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

A21

1 317

13

17

1

13

115

13

15

13

7 5 1 5 1 7

3 315

113

5

7 5 1 3 1 3

1 317

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

A31

1 115

13

15

1

1 115

115

13

5 5 1 5 1 5

3 115

115

5

5 5 1 5 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

A41

1 317

13

15

1

13

115

13

15

13

7 5 1 5 1 5

3 315

113

5

5 5 1 3 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

(5)

(2) Constructing judgment matrix Bst of the schemelayer

B11

113

315

15

3 1 5 3 1

13

15

117

17

515

7 1 1

5 1 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B21

113

315

15

3 1 5 113

13

15

113

13

5 1 7 1 1

5 3 3 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B31

113

515

15

3 1 3 1 13

15

13

115

17

5 1 5 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Target layer Selection of innovation scheme for hand-held rotary tiller

Criterionlayer

B1Harmonious

B2Dynamic

B3Safety

B4Comfortable

B5Practical

B6Individual

Schemelayer

C1Scheme 1

C2Scheme 2

C3Scheme 3

C1Scheme 1

C5Scheme 5

Figure 10 Hierarchical model of the hand-held rotary tiller

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 13

B41

113

315

13

3 1 515

13

13

15

115

15

5 5 5 1 3

3 3 513

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B12

113

15

15

15

3 1 3 5 1

15

13

115

17

515

5 1 1

5 1 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B22

113

513

13

3 1 3 1 115

13

115

15

3 1 5 113

3 1 5 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B32

113

515

15

3 1 313

13

15

13

117

17

5 3 7 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B42

113

515

17

3 1 313

13

15

13

115

15

5 3 5 1 1

7 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B13

115

13

17

15

5 1 3 113

313

113

17

7 1 3 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B23

113

113

15

3 1 313

13

113

115

17

3 3 5 113

5 3 5 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B33

113

315

17

3 1 313

15

13

13

117

17

5 5 3 113

7 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B43

113

113

15

3 1 315

15

113

115

15

315

5 1 1

5 5 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B14

113

13

15

15

3 1 113

15

1 1 113

17

5 3 3 113

5 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

14 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

B24

113

315

15

3 1 313

13

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 1 3

5 3 713

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B34

113

517

15

3 1 515

13

15

15

117

15

7 5 7 1 1

5 3 3 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B44

113

315

15

3 1 313

13

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 1 1

5 3 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B15

113

13

17

17

3 1 115

13

3 1 113

15

7 5 3 1 1

7 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B25 5

113

315

17

3 1 313

15

13

15

117

17

5 3 7 113

7 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B35

113

313

15

3 1 113

15

1 1 117

17

3 3 7 1 1

5 5 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B45

113

315

17

3 1 113

15

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 113

7 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B16

113

315

15

3 1 5 113

13

15

117

15

5 1 7 1 1

5 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B26

113

313

15

3 1 713

13

15

17

115

17

3 3 5 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B36

113

315

15

3 1 513

15

13

15

113

17

5 3 3 113

5 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 15

B46

113

515

17

3 1 513

15

15

15

115

17

5 3 5 1 1

7 5 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

(6)

332 Hierarchical Sequencing and Consistency Verification0e maximum eigenvalue λmax 65433 of the judgmentmatrix A11 was obtained by calculation and it was normalizedto ω(2)

11 (00608 00348 03419 01597 03419 00608) 0esix elements of the criterion layer are harmony dynamicssafety comfort practicality and individuality Consistency testis to test the coordination of the importance of each elementCI value of less than 1 indicates that consistency of thejudgmentmatrix is passed and the results are listed in Table 12

0e element bstij in the judgment matrix Bst is the comparisonmeasure of the superiority ofPt to C in the scheme layer (hand-held rotary tiller) 0e weight ω(3)

1t the maximum eigenvalueλmax and the consistency index CI1t were calculated from thecomparison judgment matrix B1t of the third layer and theresults are listed in Table 130e average of the total ranking ofthe scheme layers is shown in Table 14

After calculation the weight coefficient P of the 4 sampleschemes and a new conceptual design scheme of the targetlayer was obtained P1(C1) 007 P2(C2) 014 P3(C3)

006 P4(C4) 030 and P5(C5) 043 where Pt(C1) is theweight coefficient of sample 1 and so on 0erefore theinnovative conceptual design scheme was selected from thefive schemes because the weight coefficient of the conceptualdesign scheme P5(C5) was the largest one 043 0ismethod is effective and feasible for the innovative design ofagricultural machinery

4 Discussion

In order to improve the comprehensive quality of functionalproducts and meet the needs of users for product

Table 13 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotary tiller

B11ndashC B12ndashC B13ndashC B14ndashC B15ndashC B16ndashC Expert 1ω(3)1t 00815 00497 00417 00496 00434 00796

03322 03482 02016 01062 01063 0209100414 00465 00795 00797 01063 0043302290 02244 02156 02518 03720 0308603159 03312 04616 05127 03720 03594

λmax 52876 53691 52469 50252 50939 52194CI 00719 00923 00617 00063 00235 00548CR 00642 00824 00551 00056 00210 00490 Accept

B21ndashC B22ndashC B23ndashC B24ndashC B25ndashC B26ndashC Expert 2ω(3)2t 00856 01172 00712 00749 00658 00927

02247 02547 01524 01425 01209 0170500611 00502 00643 00422 00396 0034702799 02265 02619 04503 02726 0247303487 03515 04502 02902 05012 04547

λmax 54208 53773 52144 52785 52742 54268CI 01052 00943 00536 00696 00685 01067CR 00939 00842 00479 00622 00612 00935 Accept

B31ndashC B32ndashC B33ndashC B34ndashC B35ndashC B36ndashC Expert 3ω(3)3t 00855 00826 00669 00758 00692 00744

01832 01419 01231 01393 01074 0141600420 00379 00403 00359 00680 0044802247 02890 02595 04186 03393 0243404646 04485 05102 03304 04162 04957

λmax 53965 54257 53429 54404 52374 54451CI 00991 01064 00857 01101 00594 01113CR 00885 00950 00765 00983 00530 00994 Accept

B41ndashC B42ndashC B43ndashC B44ndashC B45ndashC B46ndashC Expert 4ω(3)4t 00846 00805 00697 00762 00658 00758

01454 01480 01216 01450 01209 0139300444 00452 00629 00429 00396 0035904757 03509 03538 03679 02726 0330402499 03754 03919 03679 05012 04186

λmax 54118 54301 52748 51295 52742 54404CI 01029 01075 00687 00324 00684 01101CR 00919 00960 00613 00289 00612 00983 Accept

16 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

personalization this paper puts forward the improvementexplanation of appearance and function and obtains the in-novative design scheme by introducing KE and TRIZ0eAHPwas used to evaluate the innovative design scheme Combiningwith the design of hand-held rotary tiller the correspondinginnovative design scheme was obtained and the design processwas attempted to be extended to other products 0e maincontent of the literature study [8 25 26] focused on the userrequirements mining or conceptual design stage and the re-searchers have not studied the application of detailed designstage and the subsequent evaluation of innovative design 0ispaper establishes an innovative design model from user needsmining conceptual design detailed design computer-aideddesign and scheme evaluation which is convenient for de-signers to design and develop products and also has a goodreference for innovative design of other products

However because the main research content of thispaper focuses on innovative design process the research onthe evaluation system of the scheme is insufficient In thefollowing work designers can introduce other design the-ories and methods to combine with existing research inorder to improve the process of innovative design

5 Conclusions

In order to improve the comprehensive quality of agricul-tural machinery products based on functional technologyand meet the needs of users the innovation design model ofagricultural machinery products based on KE-TRIZ wasconstructed

Firstly the designer used SD method and PCA methodto quantify and reduce the dimension of affective intentionwords aiming to select comprehensive variables repre-senting the needs of users Secondly by constructing a KE-TRIZ innovative design model the product appearance andfunction were innovatively designed and the contradictionbetween product appearance and function was analyzed tomake it well matched 0en taking the innovative design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as an example the applicationflow was described and the typical samples and designscheme were evaluated by the AHP which shows that themethod has obvious improvement in function and ap-pearance 0e KE-TRIZ method enables designers to designproducts more in line with the actual needs of users which iseffective and feasible for the innovative design of agriculturalmachinery

0e follow-up work is to further explore the integrationof technology cost and other multi-objective-driven in-novative designs of agricultural machinery products in orderto improve the applicability and integrity of the method

Data Availability

All data generated and analyzed during this study are in-cluded within the article

Conflicts of Interest

0e authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest

Authorsrsquo Contributions

Jian-wei Wang conceived and designed the study Jian-minZhang completed the design evaluation Jian-wei Wangcompleted product modeling Jian-min Zhang revised andpolished the manuscript All authors have read and ap-proved the final manuscript All authors contributed equallyto this work

Acknowledgments

0is work was supported by the Guizhou Natural ScienceFund Project (Guizhou Technology Cooperation SupportProgram (2017)1047) the Guizhou Science and TechnologyMajor Project (LH(2014)7629 LH(2016)7432 and LH(2017)7232) and the Academic New Seedling Cultivation andInnovation Exploration Specialization of Guizhou Univer-sity (Guizhou Platform Talents (2017)5788)

References

[1] G Q Yao C Q Xue and H Y Wang ldquoDesign method forcoach styling design based on image cognitionrdquo Journal ofSoutheast University Natural Science Edition vol 46 no 6pp 1198ndash1203 2016

[2] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei Engineering a new ergonomicconsumer-oriented technology for product developmentrdquoInternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 15 no 1pp 3ndash11 1995

[3] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei engineering as a powerful consumer-orientied technology for product developmentrdquo Applied Er-gonomics vol 33 no 3 pp 289ndash294 2002

[4] C E GolnooshRasoulifar and P Guy ldquoCommunicatingconsumer needs in the design process of branded productsrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015

[5] Y T Fu and S J Luo ldquoStyle perception-oriented productfamily shape gene designrdquo Comtuter IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 18 no 3 pp 449ndash457 2012

[6] L N Abdala R B Fernandes A Ogliari M Lower andJ Feldhusen ldquoCreative contributions of the methods of in-ventive principles of TRIZ and BioTRIZ to problem solvingrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 139 no 8 2017

[7] S Kim and B Yoon ldquoDeveloping a process of conceptgeneration for new product-service systems a QFD and

Table 14 Overall ranking result and average value of the third layer

Scheme Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 Scheme 5Expert 1 0048558458 0167268103 0083016534 0281635216 0419521689Expert 2 0072929489 0148099162 0051450184 0288521951 0438999215Expert 3 0070614603 0123757406 0050002922 0302460164 0453164905Expert 4 0070748371 0127513198 0049909632 0335077088 041675171Average value 006571273 0141659467 0058594818 0301923605 043210938

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 17

TRIZ-based approachrdquo Service Business vol 6 no 3pp 323ndash348 2012

[8] R H Tan R H Zhang F Liu and B J Yang ldquoTwo stagesanalogy-based conceptual design based on TRIZrdquo ComputerIntergrated Manufacturing Systems vol 12 no 3 pp 328ndash334 2006

[9] X Z Liu G N Qi J Z Fu B B Fan and J Xu ldquoA designprocess model of intergrated morphlolgical matrix andconflict resolving principlesrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 46 no 12 pp 2243ndash2258 2012

[10] Y H Cohen Y Reich and S Greenberg ldquoBiomineticsstructure-function patterns approachrdquo Journal of MechanicalDesign vol 136 no 11 2014

[11] L L Sun and F S Kong ldquoVisual comfort design of automobileseat based on Kansei engineering and TRIZ theoryrdquo Journal ofJinlin University Engineering and Technology Edition vol 44no 1 pp 106ndash110 2014

[12] W Chen C S Carolyn and Y Bernard ldquoSpecial issue userneeds and preferences in engineering designrdquo Journal ofMechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015

[13] Y X Huang C-H Chen and L P Khoo ldquoProducts clas-sification in emotional design using a basic-emotion basedsemantic differential methodrdquo International Journal of In-dustrial Ergonomics vol 42 no 6 pp 569ndash580 2012

[14] W Lu and J-F Petiot ldquoAffective design of products using anaudio-based protocol application to eyeglass framerdquo In-ternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 44 no 3pp 383ndash394 2014

[15] V Chulvi M C Gonzalez-Cruz E Mulet and J Aguilar-Zambrano ldquoInfluence of the type of idea-generation methodon the creativity of solutionsrdquo Research in Engineering Designvol 24 no 1 pp 33ndash41 2013

[16] B Mannan and Abid Haleem ldquoUnderstanding major di-mensions and determinants that help in diffusion amp adoptionof product innovation using AHP approachrdquo Journal ofGlobal Entrepreneurship Research vol 7 no 1 pp 1ndash24 2017

[17] T Wang and M R Liu ldquoApplication of QFD and AHP inrailway freight transportationrdquo Computer IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 24 no 1 pp 264ndash271 2018

[18] H-N Hsish J F Chen and Q H Du ldquoApplying TRIZ andfuzzy AHP based on lean production to develop an innovativedesign of a new shape for machine toolsrdquo Information vol 6no 1 pp 89ndash110 2015

[19] L-C Chen and L Lin ldquoOptimization of product configu-ration design using functional requirements and constraintsrdquoResearch in Engineering Design vol 13 no 3 pp 167ndash1822002

[20] Y Li M-D Shieh C-C Yang and L Zhu ldquoApplication offuzzy-based hybrid taguchi method for multiobjective opti-mization of product form designrdquo Mathematical Problems inEngineering vol 2018 Article ID 9091514 18 pages 2018

[21] Y Q Xu K Chen H B Qin and Z Y Wang ldquoStudy on theapplication of Kansei engineering in product form designrdquoApplied Mechanics and Materials vol 274 pp 513ndash516 2013

[22] S Hede P V Ferreira M N Lopes and L A Rocha ldquoTRIZand the paradigms of social sustainability in product devel-opment endeavorsrdquo Procedia Engineering vol 131 pp 522ndash538 2015

[23] Z Liu D Hu Y Gao et al ldquoTRIZ based revised design fordisassembly of joint structurerdquo Journal of Mechanical Engi-neering vol 48 no 11 pp 65ndash71 2012

[24] X Ji X J Gu F Dai et al ldquoBioTRIZ-based product in-novative design processrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 48 no 1 pp 35ndash41 2014

[25] X L Li W Zhao Y K Zheng R Wang and C WangldquoInnovative product design based on comprehensive cus-tomer requirements of different cognitive levelsrdquo lte Sci-entific World Journal vol 2014 Article ID 627093 11 pages2014

[26] G D Zhai Z H Liang and M Y Li ldquoStudy on the Opti-mization model of a flexible transmissionrdquo MathematicalProblems in Engineering vol 2019 Article ID 508457312 pages 2019

18 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Applied MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Probability and StatisticsHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical PhysicsAdvances in

Complex AnalysisJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

OptimizationJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Engineering Mathematics

International Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Operations ResearchAdvances in

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Function SpacesAbstract and Applied AnalysisHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2013Hindawiwwwhindawicom

The Scientific World Journal

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018Volume 2018

Numerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisAdvances inAdvances in Discrete Dynamics in

Nature and SocietyHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom

Dierential EquationsInternational Journal of

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Decision SciencesAdvances in

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

AnalysisInternational Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Stochastic AnalysisInternational Journal of

Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom

Page 7: Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of ...downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2019/8179851.pdf · ResearchArticle Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of Agricultural

In order to improve the practicability of products de-signers can adopt the principle of adaptability and versatilityin TRIZ theory Since the change in appearance structureaffects the shape parameters the invention is applied to thestatistical principle of the shape parameters used in thecontradiction matrix as shown in Table 7 0e inventionprinciple with higher usage rate is selected so that theoriginal understanding of the appearance structure design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller is provided and the improvementdescription of the inductive design of the hand-held rotarytiller is proposed as shown in Table 80ere are 17 principlesof invention for design (C10 Prior action C1 SegmentationC14 Spheroidality C15 Dynamicity C32 Changing thecolor C34 Rejecting and regenerating parts C35 Trans-formation of physical and chemical states of an object C2Extraction C4 Asymmetry C29 Use a pneumatic or hy-draulic construction C40 Composite materials C13 In-version C22 Convert harm into benefit C26 Copying C5Combining C17 Moving to a new dimension C28 Re-placement of a mechanical system)

According to the interpretation of the invention theshape of the hand-held rotary tiller was initially drawn byhand Designers can propose the direction of design throughthe inspiration of the principle of invention In order toembody the dynamics and coordination of the scheme thedesigner can use streamlined body language to form aconcise and harmonious overall form of the handrail con-necting rod and the head of the hand-held rotary tiller andmatch the reasonable color matching proportion to reducethe volume of the machine in the visual sense In order toreflect the comfort of the scheme the designer can divide themain view and the top view of the rotary tiller reasonably soas to stimulate the userrsquos sense of stability of themachine (seeFigure 3)

System component function analysis is a process ofmodeling system function0emodel should include systemcomponents hypersystem components objects and so onOn this basis the functional model diagram of the hand-heldrotary tiller was constructed as shown in Figure 4 Func-tional model diagrams can help designers understand thesystem identify the problems in the system identify thetypes of problems get inspiration to solve related problemsand then find appropriate solutions for each type of prob-lems in a precise way 0e designer first establishes thecomponent hierarchy model by component analysis then

analyses the relationship between system components es-tablishes the system component relationship model andestablishes the functional model System component func-tion analysis of the hand-held rotary tiller the operator issafe when both hands leave the handle of the hand-heldrotary tiller System components switch hand-held con-necting rods chassis motor rotary tillage knife wheels andtransmission hypersystem components vegetation and soilObjects handles and rotary blade

As shown in Table 9 through the analysis of the relevantengineering parameters in the TRIZ conflict matrix thedesigner has obtained the functional requirements of thehand-held rotary tiller as well as the principles of the in-vention to solve the corresponding problems In Table 9 (12)denotes the engineering parameter serial number and 1 de-notes the serial number of the inventive principle

In Table 10 ldquordquo indicates that the principle is the optimalsolution ldquordquo indicates that the principle needs to be con-sidered and ldquordquo means that the principle was constrainedby the current system and structure or cannot work [23] Forinstance in consideration of safety the physicalchemicalparameters of the existing hand-held rotary tiller had beenbasically determined and it was not necessary to increase thecost to change them Cushion in advance was less innovativebut it is worthy of consideration Segmentation rushingthrough and partial or overdone action were not useful forsafety Replacement of a mechanical system was a new ideathat should be taken into consideration

Several principles with ldquordquo and ldquordquo in Table 11 are il-lustrated in Table 12 for technical improvement of the hand-held rotary tiller

As shown in Table 11 the technical improvements(replacement of mechanical systems porous materialscomposites and dynamics) made by the designer on thehand-held rotary tiller do not conflict with the appearanceimprovements in Table 9 (dynamic harmonious and in-dividual) 0is indicated that the conceptual design can becontinued According to the interpretation of the inventionprinciples the functional technology of the hand-held rotarytiller was preliminarily conceived (see Figure 5)

According to the improvement of product appearanceand function technology explained by the invention prin-ciples three-dimensional modeling and rendering of theproduct were carried out by computer-aided technologyDesigners should meet the physiological and psychological

Table 6 Perceptual design of the hand-held rotary tiller idealized model

Emotionalwords TRIZ engineering parameters Current situation Idealized model

Exteriorstructure

DynamicWeight of stationary object

shape and loss of information

Monotonous old-fashioned colormatching poor systematicdesign and lack of corporate

identity information

Harmonious color design refinedgeometrical shape and full ofcorporate identity information

HarmoniousIndividual

Functionaltechnology

Safety Reliability harmful factorsproduced by objects andadaptability and versatility

Knife will hurt the operator andlacking ergonomic design

Safety high efficiencycomfortable ergonomic design

and reinforced structuralstructures

Comfortable

Practical

All TRIZ engineering parameters in Table 6 come from the 39 engineering parameters in TRIZ

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 7

needs of consumers when designing the appearance andtechnical functions of hand-held rotary tiller In computer-aided modeling the designer extracts some elements of the

front shape of the cattle for the front design of the hand-heldrotary tiller and assembles the front and the hand-held rodinto the head image of the cattle e traditional image of

First Second Third 1 2 3 4 5

Dynamic 3 1 2

Harmonious 5 1 2

Individual 5 1 2

Safety 39 1 2

Comfortable 13 1 2

Practical 33 1 2

5

4

3

2

1

Relative importance 012 014 003 025 022 024

Importance rating (10 ratings) 5 6 1 10 9 10

Absolute importance 180 210 45 384 333 354

Technical assessment 2 2

1 1 1

2 1 1 1 2 2

3 1 3 9

Target Value

Para

met

ric d

esig

n of

inte

gral

mod

elin

g

Usin

g ge

omet

ry b

ioni

c des

ign

Uni

fied

colo

r mat

chin

g an

d ad

ded

war

ning

signs

St

reng

then

the s

truc

ture

and

impr

ove t

hean

ti-vi

brat

ion

perfo

rman

ce

Set u

p pr

ecau

tions

Impr

ovem

ent o

f hum

an-m

achi

nepe

rform

ance

of h

andl

e and

rota

ry ti

llers

High-quality hand-held

rotary tiller

Exterior structure

Functional technology

3 3 9 3 1

3 3 9 1

3 9 1

3 9

1 2 3 4 5 6

3 3

9 Strong relation 3 Medium relation 1 Weak relation

Strong positive correlation Weak positive correlation

times Strong negative correlation Weak negative correlation

Market competitiveness evaluation

1 Current status 2 Competitor

Dem

and

impo

rtan

ce

Wei

ght o

f sta

tiona

ry o

bjec

t

Shap

e

Loss

of i

nfor

mat

ion

Relia

bilit

y

Har

mfu

l fac

tors

pro

duce

d by

obj

ects

Ada

ptab

ility

and

vers

atili

ty

times

Customer demand expansion

times

Technical indicators

Figure 2 Innovative design model for agricultural machinery products

8 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Table 7 Number of times inventive principles are used by improving shape parameters

Principle ofinvention Num Principle of

invention Num Principle of invention Num Principle of invention Num

1 Segmentation 9 11 Cushion inadvance 0 21 Rushing through 0 31 Use of Porous material 0

2 Extraction 5 12 Equipotentiality 0 22 Convert harm into benefit 4 32 Changing the color 73 Localconditions 2 13 Inversion 4 23 Feedback 0 33 Homogeneity 1

4 Asymmetry 5 14 Spheroidality 9 24 Mediator 0 34 Rejecting and regeneratingparts 7

5 Combining 3 15 Dynamicity 9 25 Self-service 1 35 Transformation of physicaland chemical states of an object 6

6 Universality 2 16 Partial oroverdone action 2 26 Copying 4 36 Phase transition 1

7 Nesting 2 17 Moving to a newdimension 3

27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive

durable one0 37 0ermal expansion 1

8 Counterweight 1 18 Mechanicalvibration 2 28 Replacement of a mechanical

system 3 38 Using strong oxidizers 0

9 Prior counter 1 19 Periodic action 1 29 Use a pneumatic or hydraulicconstruction 5 39 Inert environment 1

10 Prior action 10 20 Continuity ofuseful action 0 30 Flexible film or hydraulic

construction 2 40 Composite materials 5

Table 8 Description of appearance improvements of hand-held rotary tiller

Appearance Original understanding Description of improvement

Dynamic

Segmentation curved surfacedynamic characteristicsphysicalchemical change

combination

Curved surface design geometric scale bright andrefreshing feeling

Harmonious

Preactiondiscard or regenerate

extractionpneumatic and hydraulic structures

spatial dimension changemechanical system substitution

Parametric design concise and harmonious matchcolors for design the sense of volume in geometric

form

Individual

Change the colorcompositeasymmetry

spatial dimension change

Reasonable division of the layout systematic designchange harmful factors to favourable factors

All the original understandings come from TRIZ theory

(a) (b)

Figure 3 Hand drawing of the hand-held rotary tiller

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 9

bull head has been reinterpreted into the modern image ofbull head as shown in Figure 6 It expressed the traditionalcultivation culture Finally we used computer-aided in-dustrial design software to model the hand-held rotary tillerwith this image and obtained an innovative conceptualdesign scheme as shown in Figures 7 and 8

33 Design Evaluation for Hand-Held Rotary Tiller In orderto verify the reliability and innovation of conceptual designa conceptual scheme evaluation map was made with four

typical samples as shown in Figure 9 0e weight of fiveschemes were calculated by the AHP and construction ofjudgment matrix and the evaluation results of conceptualdesign scheme and other typical sample schemes were ob-tained [24]

0ree aspects of the 5 schemes modeling function andcolor matching were evaluated to find out an innovativehand-held rotary tiller design scheme (see Figure 10) In thiswork the evaluation weight was confirmed by several ex-perts including two industrial design experts and two ag-ricultural machinery design experts 0e results were more

Switch Hand connecting rod Motor

Chassis

GearingWheel

Handle

Rotary blade

Vegetation

Soil

Hold Support

Support

Control

Hold

SupportControl Control

DriveSupport

Support

Obstacle

Obstacle

Adhesion

Adhesion

Conrol

Control

Control

System component

Hypersystem component

Object

Normal functionInadequate function

Harmful function

Figure 4 System component function analysis of the hand-held rotary tiller

Table 9 Analysis on engineering parameters of hand-held rotary tillers

Emotionalwords Function Improvement factors Deteriorating factors TRIZ solution

SafetySafety (27) Reliability

(9) Speed 1 Segmentation 11 Cushion in advance21 Rushing through 16 Partial or

overdone action 28 Replacement of amechanical system 35 Transformation ofphysical and chemical states of an object

(12) Shape

Antivibration (31) Harmful factors sideeffects (36) Complexity of device 1 Segmentation 19 Periodic action 31

Use of porous materials

Comfortable Antiskid (27) Reliability (30) Harmful factors acting onobject

2 Extraction 27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive durable one

35 Transformation of physical andchemical states of an object 40 Composite

materials

Practical Practical (35) Adaptability (36) Complexity of equipment

15 Dynamicity 28 Replacement of amechanical system 29 Use a pneumatic or

hydraulic construction 37 0ermalexpansion

All Arabic numerals in Table 9 are the serial numbers in the TRIZ conflict matrix

10 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

objective because both of them were very familiar with thehand-held rotary tiller [25] And several judgment matriceswere constructed according to the data of questionnaires0rough the evaluation matrix the designer determines therequirement weighting coefficients of the criterion layer andthe scheme layer

331 Construction of Judgment Matrix

(1) Constructing judgment matrix As1 of the criterionlayer (s 1 2 3 and 4 where s stands for expert t 12 3 4 5 and 6 where t stands for scheme)

A11

1 315

13

15

1

13

113

13

15

13

5 3 1 3 1 5

3 313

113

5

5 5 1 3 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Table 10 Functional principles of the hand-held rotary tiller

Function Principle Principle elaboration

Safety

Replacement of a mechanical system Cushion in advance

Segmentation Rushing through

Partial or overdone action Transformation of physical and chemical states of an

object

Replacement of a mechanical system was currently arelatively new idea that can be tracked further

Cushion in advance was less innovative but it neededstudying

Segmentation rushing through and partial oroverdone action were not useful for safetyIt was not necessary to increase the cost for

transformation of physical and chemical states of anobject

AntivibrationUse of porous materials

Periodic action Segmentation

Use of porous materials was useful for buffervibrations Periodic action may cause resonance

Segmentation was not appropriate for Antivibration

Antiskid

Composite materials An inexpensive short-life object instead of an

expensive durable oneTransformation of physical and chemical states of an

object Extraction

Composite materials can be considered emphatically0e inventive principle of cheap alternatives was

needed further analysis 0e principle thattransformation of physical and chemical states of ahand-held rotary tiller may increase costs was not

taken into accountExtraction was not very suitable for the product

Practical

Dynamicity Replacement of a mechanical system

Use a pneumatic or hydraulic construction0ermal expansion

Dynamicity deserves to be considered and used0e inventive principle of replacing mechanical systemsusing pneumatic or hydraulic structures can continue to

be tracked 0ermal expansion can be excludedAll the principles come from the 40 original principles of TRIZ

Table 11 Description of technical improvements of the hand-held rotary tiller

Principle name Description of improvement

Replacement of a mechanical system0epressure sensor in the handle of the hand-held rotary tiller can detect the pressure of theoperatorrsquos hands on the handle When an accident occurs the single chip microcomputer

built in the hand-held rotary tiller will cut off the motor and stop the work

Use of porous materials Porous materials can be used for sound insulation but also can reduce the quality andvibration of hand-held rotary tiller

Composite materials 0e composite material can be used to improve the strength and rigidity of the machineand reduce the quality of the hand-held rotary tiller

Dynamicity Hand-held connecting rod was adjustable Rotary tiller blade can be replaced

Table 12 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotarytillers

A11minus B A21minus B A31minus B A41minus B

ω(2)s1

00608 00470 00460 0052400348 00278 00460 0029003419 04242 03953 0413901597 01275 00985 0133003419 03233 03569 0315500608 00502 00573 00561

λmax 65433 65882 65313 65504CI 01087 01176 01063 01101CR 00876 00949 00857 00888 Accept

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 11

Chassis Motor

Rotary bladeWheel

Gearing

Handle

Wire Pressure sensors

Hand connecting rod

Monochip computers

Height adjustable

Replacement of blade

Figure 5 Functional system diagram of the hand-held rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Figure 6 Iterative design of front face pattern of the rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c)

Figure 7 Conceptual design scheme of the hand-held rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Figure 8 Color series of the hand-held rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Figure 9 Typical sample schemes and conceptual design scheme (a) Scheme 1 (b) Scheme 2 (c) Scheme 3 (d) Scheme 4 (e) Scheme 5

12 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

A21

1 317

13

17

1

13

115

13

15

13

7 5 1 5 1 7

3 315

113

5

7 5 1 3 1 3

1 317

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

A31

1 115

13

15

1

1 115

115

13

5 5 1 5 1 5

3 115

115

5

5 5 1 5 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

A41

1 317

13

15

1

13

115

13

15

13

7 5 1 5 1 5

3 315

113

5

5 5 1 3 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

(5)

(2) Constructing judgment matrix Bst of the schemelayer

B11

113

315

15

3 1 5 3 1

13

15

117

17

515

7 1 1

5 1 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B21

113

315

15

3 1 5 113

13

15

113

13

5 1 7 1 1

5 3 3 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B31

113

515

15

3 1 3 1 13

15

13

115

17

5 1 5 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Target layer Selection of innovation scheme for hand-held rotary tiller

Criterionlayer

B1Harmonious

B2Dynamic

B3Safety

B4Comfortable

B5Practical

B6Individual

Schemelayer

C1Scheme 1

C2Scheme 2

C3Scheme 3

C1Scheme 1

C5Scheme 5

Figure 10 Hierarchical model of the hand-held rotary tiller

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 13

B41

113

315

13

3 1 515

13

13

15

115

15

5 5 5 1 3

3 3 513

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B12

113

15

15

15

3 1 3 5 1

15

13

115

17

515

5 1 1

5 1 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B22

113

513

13

3 1 3 1 115

13

115

15

3 1 5 113

3 1 5 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B32

113

515

15

3 1 313

13

15

13

117

17

5 3 7 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B42

113

515

17

3 1 313

13

15

13

115

15

5 3 5 1 1

7 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B13

115

13

17

15

5 1 3 113

313

113

17

7 1 3 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B23

113

113

15

3 1 313

13

113

115

17

3 3 5 113

5 3 5 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B33

113

315

17

3 1 313

15

13

13

117

17

5 5 3 113

7 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B43

113

113

15

3 1 315

15

113

115

15

315

5 1 1

5 5 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B14

113

13

15

15

3 1 113

15

1 1 113

17

5 3 3 113

5 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

14 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

B24

113

315

15

3 1 313

13

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 1 3

5 3 713

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B34

113

517

15

3 1 515

13

15

15

117

15

7 5 7 1 1

5 3 3 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B44

113

315

15

3 1 313

13

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 1 1

5 3 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B15

113

13

17

17

3 1 115

13

3 1 113

15

7 5 3 1 1

7 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B25 5

113

315

17

3 1 313

15

13

15

117

17

5 3 7 113

7 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B35

113

313

15

3 1 113

15

1 1 117

17

3 3 7 1 1

5 5 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B45

113

315

17

3 1 113

15

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 113

7 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B16

113

315

15

3 1 5 113

13

15

117

15

5 1 7 1 1

5 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B26

113

313

15

3 1 713

13

15

17

115

17

3 3 5 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B36

113

315

15

3 1 513

15

13

15

113

17

5 3 3 113

5 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 15

B46

113

515

17

3 1 513

15

15

15

115

17

5 3 5 1 1

7 5 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

(6)

332 Hierarchical Sequencing and Consistency Verification0e maximum eigenvalue λmax 65433 of the judgmentmatrix A11 was obtained by calculation and it was normalizedto ω(2)

11 (00608 00348 03419 01597 03419 00608) 0esix elements of the criterion layer are harmony dynamicssafety comfort practicality and individuality Consistency testis to test the coordination of the importance of each elementCI value of less than 1 indicates that consistency of thejudgmentmatrix is passed and the results are listed in Table 12

0e element bstij in the judgment matrix Bst is the comparisonmeasure of the superiority ofPt to C in the scheme layer (hand-held rotary tiller) 0e weight ω(3)

1t the maximum eigenvalueλmax and the consistency index CI1t were calculated from thecomparison judgment matrix B1t of the third layer and theresults are listed in Table 130e average of the total ranking ofthe scheme layers is shown in Table 14

After calculation the weight coefficient P of the 4 sampleschemes and a new conceptual design scheme of the targetlayer was obtained P1(C1) 007 P2(C2) 014 P3(C3)

006 P4(C4) 030 and P5(C5) 043 where Pt(C1) is theweight coefficient of sample 1 and so on 0erefore theinnovative conceptual design scheme was selected from thefive schemes because the weight coefficient of the conceptualdesign scheme P5(C5) was the largest one 043 0ismethod is effective and feasible for the innovative design ofagricultural machinery

4 Discussion

In order to improve the comprehensive quality of functionalproducts and meet the needs of users for product

Table 13 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotary tiller

B11ndashC B12ndashC B13ndashC B14ndashC B15ndashC B16ndashC Expert 1ω(3)1t 00815 00497 00417 00496 00434 00796

03322 03482 02016 01062 01063 0209100414 00465 00795 00797 01063 0043302290 02244 02156 02518 03720 0308603159 03312 04616 05127 03720 03594

λmax 52876 53691 52469 50252 50939 52194CI 00719 00923 00617 00063 00235 00548CR 00642 00824 00551 00056 00210 00490 Accept

B21ndashC B22ndashC B23ndashC B24ndashC B25ndashC B26ndashC Expert 2ω(3)2t 00856 01172 00712 00749 00658 00927

02247 02547 01524 01425 01209 0170500611 00502 00643 00422 00396 0034702799 02265 02619 04503 02726 0247303487 03515 04502 02902 05012 04547

λmax 54208 53773 52144 52785 52742 54268CI 01052 00943 00536 00696 00685 01067CR 00939 00842 00479 00622 00612 00935 Accept

B31ndashC B32ndashC B33ndashC B34ndashC B35ndashC B36ndashC Expert 3ω(3)3t 00855 00826 00669 00758 00692 00744

01832 01419 01231 01393 01074 0141600420 00379 00403 00359 00680 0044802247 02890 02595 04186 03393 0243404646 04485 05102 03304 04162 04957

λmax 53965 54257 53429 54404 52374 54451CI 00991 01064 00857 01101 00594 01113CR 00885 00950 00765 00983 00530 00994 Accept

B41ndashC B42ndashC B43ndashC B44ndashC B45ndashC B46ndashC Expert 4ω(3)4t 00846 00805 00697 00762 00658 00758

01454 01480 01216 01450 01209 0139300444 00452 00629 00429 00396 0035904757 03509 03538 03679 02726 0330402499 03754 03919 03679 05012 04186

λmax 54118 54301 52748 51295 52742 54404CI 01029 01075 00687 00324 00684 01101CR 00919 00960 00613 00289 00612 00983 Accept

16 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

personalization this paper puts forward the improvementexplanation of appearance and function and obtains the in-novative design scheme by introducing KE and TRIZ0eAHPwas used to evaluate the innovative design scheme Combiningwith the design of hand-held rotary tiller the correspondinginnovative design scheme was obtained and the design processwas attempted to be extended to other products 0e maincontent of the literature study [8 25 26] focused on the userrequirements mining or conceptual design stage and the re-searchers have not studied the application of detailed designstage and the subsequent evaluation of innovative design 0ispaper establishes an innovative design model from user needsmining conceptual design detailed design computer-aideddesign and scheme evaluation which is convenient for de-signers to design and develop products and also has a goodreference for innovative design of other products

However because the main research content of thispaper focuses on innovative design process the research onthe evaluation system of the scheme is insufficient In thefollowing work designers can introduce other design the-ories and methods to combine with existing research inorder to improve the process of innovative design

5 Conclusions

In order to improve the comprehensive quality of agricul-tural machinery products based on functional technologyand meet the needs of users the innovation design model ofagricultural machinery products based on KE-TRIZ wasconstructed

Firstly the designer used SD method and PCA methodto quantify and reduce the dimension of affective intentionwords aiming to select comprehensive variables repre-senting the needs of users Secondly by constructing a KE-TRIZ innovative design model the product appearance andfunction were innovatively designed and the contradictionbetween product appearance and function was analyzed tomake it well matched 0en taking the innovative design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as an example the applicationflow was described and the typical samples and designscheme were evaluated by the AHP which shows that themethod has obvious improvement in function and ap-pearance 0e KE-TRIZ method enables designers to designproducts more in line with the actual needs of users which iseffective and feasible for the innovative design of agriculturalmachinery

0e follow-up work is to further explore the integrationof technology cost and other multi-objective-driven in-novative designs of agricultural machinery products in orderto improve the applicability and integrity of the method

Data Availability

All data generated and analyzed during this study are in-cluded within the article

Conflicts of Interest

0e authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest

Authorsrsquo Contributions

Jian-wei Wang conceived and designed the study Jian-minZhang completed the design evaluation Jian-wei Wangcompleted product modeling Jian-min Zhang revised andpolished the manuscript All authors have read and ap-proved the final manuscript All authors contributed equallyto this work

Acknowledgments

0is work was supported by the Guizhou Natural ScienceFund Project (Guizhou Technology Cooperation SupportProgram (2017)1047) the Guizhou Science and TechnologyMajor Project (LH(2014)7629 LH(2016)7432 and LH(2017)7232) and the Academic New Seedling Cultivation andInnovation Exploration Specialization of Guizhou Univer-sity (Guizhou Platform Talents (2017)5788)

References

[1] G Q Yao C Q Xue and H Y Wang ldquoDesign method forcoach styling design based on image cognitionrdquo Journal ofSoutheast University Natural Science Edition vol 46 no 6pp 1198ndash1203 2016

[2] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei Engineering a new ergonomicconsumer-oriented technology for product developmentrdquoInternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 15 no 1pp 3ndash11 1995

[3] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei engineering as a powerful consumer-orientied technology for product developmentrdquo Applied Er-gonomics vol 33 no 3 pp 289ndash294 2002

[4] C E GolnooshRasoulifar and P Guy ldquoCommunicatingconsumer needs in the design process of branded productsrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015

[5] Y T Fu and S J Luo ldquoStyle perception-oriented productfamily shape gene designrdquo Comtuter IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 18 no 3 pp 449ndash457 2012

[6] L N Abdala R B Fernandes A Ogliari M Lower andJ Feldhusen ldquoCreative contributions of the methods of in-ventive principles of TRIZ and BioTRIZ to problem solvingrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 139 no 8 2017

[7] S Kim and B Yoon ldquoDeveloping a process of conceptgeneration for new product-service systems a QFD and

Table 14 Overall ranking result and average value of the third layer

Scheme Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 Scheme 5Expert 1 0048558458 0167268103 0083016534 0281635216 0419521689Expert 2 0072929489 0148099162 0051450184 0288521951 0438999215Expert 3 0070614603 0123757406 0050002922 0302460164 0453164905Expert 4 0070748371 0127513198 0049909632 0335077088 041675171Average value 006571273 0141659467 0058594818 0301923605 043210938

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 17

TRIZ-based approachrdquo Service Business vol 6 no 3pp 323ndash348 2012

[8] R H Tan R H Zhang F Liu and B J Yang ldquoTwo stagesanalogy-based conceptual design based on TRIZrdquo ComputerIntergrated Manufacturing Systems vol 12 no 3 pp 328ndash334 2006

[9] X Z Liu G N Qi J Z Fu B B Fan and J Xu ldquoA designprocess model of intergrated morphlolgical matrix andconflict resolving principlesrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 46 no 12 pp 2243ndash2258 2012

[10] Y H Cohen Y Reich and S Greenberg ldquoBiomineticsstructure-function patterns approachrdquo Journal of MechanicalDesign vol 136 no 11 2014

[11] L L Sun and F S Kong ldquoVisual comfort design of automobileseat based on Kansei engineering and TRIZ theoryrdquo Journal ofJinlin University Engineering and Technology Edition vol 44no 1 pp 106ndash110 2014

[12] W Chen C S Carolyn and Y Bernard ldquoSpecial issue userneeds and preferences in engineering designrdquo Journal ofMechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015

[13] Y X Huang C-H Chen and L P Khoo ldquoProducts clas-sification in emotional design using a basic-emotion basedsemantic differential methodrdquo International Journal of In-dustrial Ergonomics vol 42 no 6 pp 569ndash580 2012

[14] W Lu and J-F Petiot ldquoAffective design of products using anaudio-based protocol application to eyeglass framerdquo In-ternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 44 no 3pp 383ndash394 2014

[15] V Chulvi M C Gonzalez-Cruz E Mulet and J Aguilar-Zambrano ldquoInfluence of the type of idea-generation methodon the creativity of solutionsrdquo Research in Engineering Designvol 24 no 1 pp 33ndash41 2013

[16] B Mannan and Abid Haleem ldquoUnderstanding major di-mensions and determinants that help in diffusion amp adoptionof product innovation using AHP approachrdquo Journal ofGlobal Entrepreneurship Research vol 7 no 1 pp 1ndash24 2017

[17] T Wang and M R Liu ldquoApplication of QFD and AHP inrailway freight transportationrdquo Computer IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 24 no 1 pp 264ndash271 2018

[18] H-N Hsish J F Chen and Q H Du ldquoApplying TRIZ andfuzzy AHP based on lean production to develop an innovativedesign of a new shape for machine toolsrdquo Information vol 6no 1 pp 89ndash110 2015

[19] L-C Chen and L Lin ldquoOptimization of product configu-ration design using functional requirements and constraintsrdquoResearch in Engineering Design vol 13 no 3 pp 167ndash1822002

[20] Y Li M-D Shieh C-C Yang and L Zhu ldquoApplication offuzzy-based hybrid taguchi method for multiobjective opti-mization of product form designrdquo Mathematical Problems inEngineering vol 2018 Article ID 9091514 18 pages 2018

[21] Y Q Xu K Chen H B Qin and Z Y Wang ldquoStudy on theapplication of Kansei engineering in product form designrdquoApplied Mechanics and Materials vol 274 pp 513ndash516 2013

[22] S Hede P V Ferreira M N Lopes and L A Rocha ldquoTRIZand the paradigms of social sustainability in product devel-opment endeavorsrdquo Procedia Engineering vol 131 pp 522ndash538 2015

[23] Z Liu D Hu Y Gao et al ldquoTRIZ based revised design fordisassembly of joint structurerdquo Journal of Mechanical Engi-neering vol 48 no 11 pp 65ndash71 2012

[24] X Ji X J Gu F Dai et al ldquoBioTRIZ-based product in-novative design processrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 48 no 1 pp 35ndash41 2014

[25] X L Li W Zhao Y K Zheng R Wang and C WangldquoInnovative product design based on comprehensive cus-tomer requirements of different cognitive levelsrdquo lte Sci-entific World Journal vol 2014 Article ID 627093 11 pages2014

[26] G D Zhai Z H Liang and M Y Li ldquoStudy on the Opti-mization model of a flexible transmissionrdquo MathematicalProblems in Engineering vol 2019 Article ID 508457312 pages 2019

18 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Applied MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Probability and StatisticsHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical PhysicsAdvances in

Complex AnalysisJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

OptimizationJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Engineering Mathematics

International Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Operations ResearchAdvances in

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Function SpacesAbstract and Applied AnalysisHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2013Hindawiwwwhindawicom

The Scientific World Journal

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018Volume 2018

Numerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisAdvances inAdvances in Discrete Dynamics in

Nature and SocietyHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom

Dierential EquationsInternational Journal of

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Decision SciencesAdvances in

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

AnalysisInternational Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Stochastic AnalysisInternational Journal of

Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom

Page 8: Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of ...downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2019/8179851.pdf · ResearchArticle Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of Agricultural

needs of consumers when designing the appearance andtechnical functions of hand-held rotary tiller In computer-aided modeling the designer extracts some elements of the

front shape of the cattle for the front design of the hand-heldrotary tiller and assembles the front and the hand-held rodinto the head image of the cattle e traditional image of

First Second Third 1 2 3 4 5

Dynamic 3 1 2

Harmonious 5 1 2

Individual 5 1 2

Safety 39 1 2

Comfortable 13 1 2

Practical 33 1 2

5

4

3

2

1

Relative importance 012 014 003 025 022 024

Importance rating (10 ratings) 5 6 1 10 9 10

Absolute importance 180 210 45 384 333 354

Technical assessment 2 2

1 1 1

2 1 1 1 2 2

3 1 3 9

Target Value

Para

met

ric d

esig

n of

inte

gral

mod

elin

g

Usin

g ge

omet

ry b

ioni

c des

ign

Uni

fied

colo

r mat

chin

g an

d ad

ded

war

ning

signs

St

reng

then

the s

truc

ture

and

impr

ove t

hean

ti-vi

brat

ion

perfo

rman

ce

Set u

p pr

ecau

tions

Impr

ovem

ent o

f hum

an-m

achi

nepe

rform

ance

of h

andl

e and

rota

ry ti

llers

High-quality hand-held

rotary tiller

Exterior structure

Functional technology

3 3 9 3 1

3 3 9 1

3 9 1

3 9

1 2 3 4 5 6

3 3

9 Strong relation 3 Medium relation 1 Weak relation

Strong positive correlation Weak positive correlation

times Strong negative correlation Weak negative correlation

Market competitiveness evaluation

1 Current status 2 Competitor

Dem

and

impo

rtan

ce

Wei

ght o

f sta

tiona

ry o

bjec

t

Shap

e

Loss

of i

nfor

mat

ion

Relia

bilit

y

Har

mfu

l fac

tors

pro

duce

d by

obj

ects

Ada

ptab

ility

and

vers

atili

ty

times

Customer demand expansion

times

Technical indicators

Figure 2 Innovative design model for agricultural machinery products

8 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Table 7 Number of times inventive principles are used by improving shape parameters

Principle ofinvention Num Principle of

invention Num Principle of invention Num Principle of invention Num

1 Segmentation 9 11 Cushion inadvance 0 21 Rushing through 0 31 Use of Porous material 0

2 Extraction 5 12 Equipotentiality 0 22 Convert harm into benefit 4 32 Changing the color 73 Localconditions 2 13 Inversion 4 23 Feedback 0 33 Homogeneity 1

4 Asymmetry 5 14 Spheroidality 9 24 Mediator 0 34 Rejecting and regeneratingparts 7

5 Combining 3 15 Dynamicity 9 25 Self-service 1 35 Transformation of physicaland chemical states of an object 6

6 Universality 2 16 Partial oroverdone action 2 26 Copying 4 36 Phase transition 1

7 Nesting 2 17 Moving to a newdimension 3

27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive

durable one0 37 0ermal expansion 1

8 Counterweight 1 18 Mechanicalvibration 2 28 Replacement of a mechanical

system 3 38 Using strong oxidizers 0

9 Prior counter 1 19 Periodic action 1 29 Use a pneumatic or hydraulicconstruction 5 39 Inert environment 1

10 Prior action 10 20 Continuity ofuseful action 0 30 Flexible film or hydraulic

construction 2 40 Composite materials 5

Table 8 Description of appearance improvements of hand-held rotary tiller

Appearance Original understanding Description of improvement

Dynamic

Segmentation curved surfacedynamic characteristicsphysicalchemical change

combination

Curved surface design geometric scale bright andrefreshing feeling

Harmonious

Preactiondiscard or regenerate

extractionpneumatic and hydraulic structures

spatial dimension changemechanical system substitution

Parametric design concise and harmonious matchcolors for design the sense of volume in geometric

form

Individual

Change the colorcompositeasymmetry

spatial dimension change

Reasonable division of the layout systematic designchange harmful factors to favourable factors

All the original understandings come from TRIZ theory

(a) (b)

Figure 3 Hand drawing of the hand-held rotary tiller

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 9

bull head has been reinterpreted into the modern image ofbull head as shown in Figure 6 It expressed the traditionalcultivation culture Finally we used computer-aided in-dustrial design software to model the hand-held rotary tillerwith this image and obtained an innovative conceptualdesign scheme as shown in Figures 7 and 8

33 Design Evaluation for Hand-Held Rotary Tiller In orderto verify the reliability and innovation of conceptual designa conceptual scheme evaluation map was made with four

typical samples as shown in Figure 9 0e weight of fiveschemes were calculated by the AHP and construction ofjudgment matrix and the evaluation results of conceptualdesign scheme and other typical sample schemes were ob-tained [24]

0ree aspects of the 5 schemes modeling function andcolor matching were evaluated to find out an innovativehand-held rotary tiller design scheme (see Figure 10) In thiswork the evaluation weight was confirmed by several ex-perts including two industrial design experts and two ag-ricultural machinery design experts 0e results were more

Switch Hand connecting rod Motor

Chassis

GearingWheel

Handle

Rotary blade

Vegetation

Soil

Hold Support

Support

Control

Hold

SupportControl Control

DriveSupport

Support

Obstacle

Obstacle

Adhesion

Adhesion

Conrol

Control

Control

System component

Hypersystem component

Object

Normal functionInadequate function

Harmful function

Figure 4 System component function analysis of the hand-held rotary tiller

Table 9 Analysis on engineering parameters of hand-held rotary tillers

Emotionalwords Function Improvement factors Deteriorating factors TRIZ solution

SafetySafety (27) Reliability

(9) Speed 1 Segmentation 11 Cushion in advance21 Rushing through 16 Partial or

overdone action 28 Replacement of amechanical system 35 Transformation ofphysical and chemical states of an object

(12) Shape

Antivibration (31) Harmful factors sideeffects (36) Complexity of device 1 Segmentation 19 Periodic action 31

Use of porous materials

Comfortable Antiskid (27) Reliability (30) Harmful factors acting onobject

2 Extraction 27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive durable one

35 Transformation of physical andchemical states of an object 40 Composite

materials

Practical Practical (35) Adaptability (36) Complexity of equipment

15 Dynamicity 28 Replacement of amechanical system 29 Use a pneumatic or

hydraulic construction 37 0ermalexpansion

All Arabic numerals in Table 9 are the serial numbers in the TRIZ conflict matrix

10 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

objective because both of them were very familiar with thehand-held rotary tiller [25] And several judgment matriceswere constructed according to the data of questionnaires0rough the evaluation matrix the designer determines therequirement weighting coefficients of the criterion layer andthe scheme layer

331 Construction of Judgment Matrix

(1) Constructing judgment matrix As1 of the criterionlayer (s 1 2 3 and 4 where s stands for expert t 12 3 4 5 and 6 where t stands for scheme)

A11

1 315

13

15

1

13

113

13

15

13

5 3 1 3 1 5

3 313

113

5

5 5 1 3 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Table 10 Functional principles of the hand-held rotary tiller

Function Principle Principle elaboration

Safety

Replacement of a mechanical system Cushion in advance

Segmentation Rushing through

Partial or overdone action Transformation of physical and chemical states of an

object

Replacement of a mechanical system was currently arelatively new idea that can be tracked further

Cushion in advance was less innovative but it neededstudying

Segmentation rushing through and partial oroverdone action were not useful for safetyIt was not necessary to increase the cost for

transformation of physical and chemical states of anobject

AntivibrationUse of porous materials

Periodic action Segmentation

Use of porous materials was useful for buffervibrations Periodic action may cause resonance

Segmentation was not appropriate for Antivibration

Antiskid

Composite materials An inexpensive short-life object instead of an

expensive durable oneTransformation of physical and chemical states of an

object Extraction

Composite materials can be considered emphatically0e inventive principle of cheap alternatives was

needed further analysis 0e principle thattransformation of physical and chemical states of ahand-held rotary tiller may increase costs was not

taken into accountExtraction was not very suitable for the product

Practical

Dynamicity Replacement of a mechanical system

Use a pneumatic or hydraulic construction0ermal expansion

Dynamicity deserves to be considered and used0e inventive principle of replacing mechanical systemsusing pneumatic or hydraulic structures can continue to

be tracked 0ermal expansion can be excludedAll the principles come from the 40 original principles of TRIZ

Table 11 Description of technical improvements of the hand-held rotary tiller

Principle name Description of improvement

Replacement of a mechanical system0epressure sensor in the handle of the hand-held rotary tiller can detect the pressure of theoperatorrsquos hands on the handle When an accident occurs the single chip microcomputer

built in the hand-held rotary tiller will cut off the motor and stop the work

Use of porous materials Porous materials can be used for sound insulation but also can reduce the quality andvibration of hand-held rotary tiller

Composite materials 0e composite material can be used to improve the strength and rigidity of the machineand reduce the quality of the hand-held rotary tiller

Dynamicity Hand-held connecting rod was adjustable Rotary tiller blade can be replaced

Table 12 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotarytillers

A11minus B A21minus B A31minus B A41minus B

ω(2)s1

00608 00470 00460 0052400348 00278 00460 0029003419 04242 03953 0413901597 01275 00985 0133003419 03233 03569 0315500608 00502 00573 00561

λmax 65433 65882 65313 65504CI 01087 01176 01063 01101CR 00876 00949 00857 00888 Accept

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 11

Chassis Motor

Rotary bladeWheel

Gearing

Handle

Wire Pressure sensors

Hand connecting rod

Monochip computers

Height adjustable

Replacement of blade

Figure 5 Functional system diagram of the hand-held rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Figure 6 Iterative design of front face pattern of the rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c)

Figure 7 Conceptual design scheme of the hand-held rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Figure 8 Color series of the hand-held rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Figure 9 Typical sample schemes and conceptual design scheme (a) Scheme 1 (b) Scheme 2 (c) Scheme 3 (d) Scheme 4 (e) Scheme 5

12 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

A21

1 317

13

17

1

13

115

13

15

13

7 5 1 5 1 7

3 315

113

5

7 5 1 3 1 3

1 317

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

A31

1 115

13

15

1

1 115

115

13

5 5 1 5 1 5

3 115

115

5

5 5 1 5 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

A41

1 317

13

15

1

13

115

13

15

13

7 5 1 5 1 5

3 315

113

5

5 5 1 3 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

(5)

(2) Constructing judgment matrix Bst of the schemelayer

B11

113

315

15

3 1 5 3 1

13

15

117

17

515

7 1 1

5 1 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B21

113

315

15

3 1 5 113

13

15

113

13

5 1 7 1 1

5 3 3 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B31

113

515

15

3 1 3 1 13

15

13

115

17

5 1 5 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Target layer Selection of innovation scheme for hand-held rotary tiller

Criterionlayer

B1Harmonious

B2Dynamic

B3Safety

B4Comfortable

B5Practical

B6Individual

Schemelayer

C1Scheme 1

C2Scheme 2

C3Scheme 3

C1Scheme 1

C5Scheme 5

Figure 10 Hierarchical model of the hand-held rotary tiller

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 13

B41

113

315

13

3 1 515

13

13

15

115

15

5 5 5 1 3

3 3 513

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B12

113

15

15

15

3 1 3 5 1

15

13

115

17

515

5 1 1

5 1 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B22

113

513

13

3 1 3 1 115

13

115

15

3 1 5 113

3 1 5 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B32

113

515

15

3 1 313

13

15

13

117

17

5 3 7 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B42

113

515

17

3 1 313

13

15

13

115

15

5 3 5 1 1

7 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B13

115

13

17

15

5 1 3 113

313

113

17

7 1 3 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B23

113

113

15

3 1 313

13

113

115

17

3 3 5 113

5 3 5 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B33

113

315

17

3 1 313

15

13

13

117

17

5 5 3 113

7 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B43

113

113

15

3 1 315

15

113

115

15

315

5 1 1

5 5 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B14

113

13

15

15

3 1 113

15

1 1 113

17

5 3 3 113

5 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

14 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

B24

113

315

15

3 1 313

13

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 1 3

5 3 713

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B34

113

517

15

3 1 515

13

15

15

117

15

7 5 7 1 1

5 3 3 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B44

113

315

15

3 1 313

13

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 1 1

5 3 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B15

113

13

17

17

3 1 115

13

3 1 113

15

7 5 3 1 1

7 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B25 5

113

315

17

3 1 313

15

13

15

117

17

5 3 7 113

7 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B35

113

313

15

3 1 113

15

1 1 117

17

3 3 7 1 1

5 5 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B45

113

315

17

3 1 113

15

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 113

7 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B16

113

315

15

3 1 5 113

13

15

117

15

5 1 7 1 1

5 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B26

113

313

15

3 1 713

13

15

17

115

17

3 3 5 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B36

113

315

15

3 1 513

15

13

15

113

17

5 3 3 113

5 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 15

B46

113

515

17

3 1 513

15

15

15

115

17

5 3 5 1 1

7 5 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

(6)

332 Hierarchical Sequencing and Consistency Verification0e maximum eigenvalue λmax 65433 of the judgmentmatrix A11 was obtained by calculation and it was normalizedto ω(2)

11 (00608 00348 03419 01597 03419 00608) 0esix elements of the criterion layer are harmony dynamicssafety comfort practicality and individuality Consistency testis to test the coordination of the importance of each elementCI value of less than 1 indicates that consistency of thejudgmentmatrix is passed and the results are listed in Table 12

0e element bstij in the judgment matrix Bst is the comparisonmeasure of the superiority ofPt to C in the scheme layer (hand-held rotary tiller) 0e weight ω(3)

1t the maximum eigenvalueλmax and the consistency index CI1t were calculated from thecomparison judgment matrix B1t of the third layer and theresults are listed in Table 130e average of the total ranking ofthe scheme layers is shown in Table 14

After calculation the weight coefficient P of the 4 sampleschemes and a new conceptual design scheme of the targetlayer was obtained P1(C1) 007 P2(C2) 014 P3(C3)

006 P4(C4) 030 and P5(C5) 043 where Pt(C1) is theweight coefficient of sample 1 and so on 0erefore theinnovative conceptual design scheme was selected from thefive schemes because the weight coefficient of the conceptualdesign scheme P5(C5) was the largest one 043 0ismethod is effective and feasible for the innovative design ofagricultural machinery

4 Discussion

In order to improve the comprehensive quality of functionalproducts and meet the needs of users for product

Table 13 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotary tiller

B11ndashC B12ndashC B13ndashC B14ndashC B15ndashC B16ndashC Expert 1ω(3)1t 00815 00497 00417 00496 00434 00796

03322 03482 02016 01062 01063 0209100414 00465 00795 00797 01063 0043302290 02244 02156 02518 03720 0308603159 03312 04616 05127 03720 03594

λmax 52876 53691 52469 50252 50939 52194CI 00719 00923 00617 00063 00235 00548CR 00642 00824 00551 00056 00210 00490 Accept

B21ndashC B22ndashC B23ndashC B24ndashC B25ndashC B26ndashC Expert 2ω(3)2t 00856 01172 00712 00749 00658 00927

02247 02547 01524 01425 01209 0170500611 00502 00643 00422 00396 0034702799 02265 02619 04503 02726 0247303487 03515 04502 02902 05012 04547

λmax 54208 53773 52144 52785 52742 54268CI 01052 00943 00536 00696 00685 01067CR 00939 00842 00479 00622 00612 00935 Accept

B31ndashC B32ndashC B33ndashC B34ndashC B35ndashC B36ndashC Expert 3ω(3)3t 00855 00826 00669 00758 00692 00744

01832 01419 01231 01393 01074 0141600420 00379 00403 00359 00680 0044802247 02890 02595 04186 03393 0243404646 04485 05102 03304 04162 04957

λmax 53965 54257 53429 54404 52374 54451CI 00991 01064 00857 01101 00594 01113CR 00885 00950 00765 00983 00530 00994 Accept

B41ndashC B42ndashC B43ndashC B44ndashC B45ndashC B46ndashC Expert 4ω(3)4t 00846 00805 00697 00762 00658 00758

01454 01480 01216 01450 01209 0139300444 00452 00629 00429 00396 0035904757 03509 03538 03679 02726 0330402499 03754 03919 03679 05012 04186

λmax 54118 54301 52748 51295 52742 54404CI 01029 01075 00687 00324 00684 01101CR 00919 00960 00613 00289 00612 00983 Accept

16 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

personalization this paper puts forward the improvementexplanation of appearance and function and obtains the in-novative design scheme by introducing KE and TRIZ0eAHPwas used to evaluate the innovative design scheme Combiningwith the design of hand-held rotary tiller the correspondinginnovative design scheme was obtained and the design processwas attempted to be extended to other products 0e maincontent of the literature study [8 25 26] focused on the userrequirements mining or conceptual design stage and the re-searchers have not studied the application of detailed designstage and the subsequent evaluation of innovative design 0ispaper establishes an innovative design model from user needsmining conceptual design detailed design computer-aideddesign and scheme evaluation which is convenient for de-signers to design and develop products and also has a goodreference for innovative design of other products

However because the main research content of thispaper focuses on innovative design process the research onthe evaluation system of the scheme is insufficient In thefollowing work designers can introduce other design the-ories and methods to combine with existing research inorder to improve the process of innovative design

5 Conclusions

In order to improve the comprehensive quality of agricul-tural machinery products based on functional technologyand meet the needs of users the innovation design model ofagricultural machinery products based on KE-TRIZ wasconstructed

Firstly the designer used SD method and PCA methodto quantify and reduce the dimension of affective intentionwords aiming to select comprehensive variables repre-senting the needs of users Secondly by constructing a KE-TRIZ innovative design model the product appearance andfunction were innovatively designed and the contradictionbetween product appearance and function was analyzed tomake it well matched 0en taking the innovative design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as an example the applicationflow was described and the typical samples and designscheme were evaluated by the AHP which shows that themethod has obvious improvement in function and ap-pearance 0e KE-TRIZ method enables designers to designproducts more in line with the actual needs of users which iseffective and feasible for the innovative design of agriculturalmachinery

0e follow-up work is to further explore the integrationof technology cost and other multi-objective-driven in-novative designs of agricultural machinery products in orderto improve the applicability and integrity of the method

Data Availability

All data generated and analyzed during this study are in-cluded within the article

Conflicts of Interest

0e authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest

Authorsrsquo Contributions

Jian-wei Wang conceived and designed the study Jian-minZhang completed the design evaluation Jian-wei Wangcompleted product modeling Jian-min Zhang revised andpolished the manuscript All authors have read and ap-proved the final manuscript All authors contributed equallyto this work

Acknowledgments

0is work was supported by the Guizhou Natural ScienceFund Project (Guizhou Technology Cooperation SupportProgram (2017)1047) the Guizhou Science and TechnologyMajor Project (LH(2014)7629 LH(2016)7432 and LH(2017)7232) and the Academic New Seedling Cultivation andInnovation Exploration Specialization of Guizhou Univer-sity (Guizhou Platform Talents (2017)5788)

References

[1] G Q Yao C Q Xue and H Y Wang ldquoDesign method forcoach styling design based on image cognitionrdquo Journal ofSoutheast University Natural Science Edition vol 46 no 6pp 1198ndash1203 2016

[2] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei Engineering a new ergonomicconsumer-oriented technology for product developmentrdquoInternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 15 no 1pp 3ndash11 1995

[3] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei engineering as a powerful consumer-orientied technology for product developmentrdquo Applied Er-gonomics vol 33 no 3 pp 289ndash294 2002

[4] C E GolnooshRasoulifar and P Guy ldquoCommunicatingconsumer needs in the design process of branded productsrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015

[5] Y T Fu and S J Luo ldquoStyle perception-oriented productfamily shape gene designrdquo Comtuter IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 18 no 3 pp 449ndash457 2012

[6] L N Abdala R B Fernandes A Ogliari M Lower andJ Feldhusen ldquoCreative contributions of the methods of in-ventive principles of TRIZ and BioTRIZ to problem solvingrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 139 no 8 2017

[7] S Kim and B Yoon ldquoDeveloping a process of conceptgeneration for new product-service systems a QFD and

Table 14 Overall ranking result and average value of the third layer

Scheme Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 Scheme 5Expert 1 0048558458 0167268103 0083016534 0281635216 0419521689Expert 2 0072929489 0148099162 0051450184 0288521951 0438999215Expert 3 0070614603 0123757406 0050002922 0302460164 0453164905Expert 4 0070748371 0127513198 0049909632 0335077088 041675171Average value 006571273 0141659467 0058594818 0301923605 043210938

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 17

TRIZ-based approachrdquo Service Business vol 6 no 3pp 323ndash348 2012

[8] R H Tan R H Zhang F Liu and B J Yang ldquoTwo stagesanalogy-based conceptual design based on TRIZrdquo ComputerIntergrated Manufacturing Systems vol 12 no 3 pp 328ndash334 2006

[9] X Z Liu G N Qi J Z Fu B B Fan and J Xu ldquoA designprocess model of intergrated morphlolgical matrix andconflict resolving principlesrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 46 no 12 pp 2243ndash2258 2012

[10] Y H Cohen Y Reich and S Greenberg ldquoBiomineticsstructure-function patterns approachrdquo Journal of MechanicalDesign vol 136 no 11 2014

[11] L L Sun and F S Kong ldquoVisual comfort design of automobileseat based on Kansei engineering and TRIZ theoryrdquo Journal ofJinlin University Engineering and Technology Edition vol 44no 1 pp 106ndash110 2014

[12] W Chen C S Carolyn and Y Bernard ldquoSpecial issue userneeds and preferences in engineering designrdquo Journal ofMechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015

[13] Y X Huang C-H Chen and L P Khoo ldquoProducts clas-sification in emotional design using a basic-emotion basedsemantic differential methodrdquo International Journal of In-dustrial Ergonomics vol 42 no 6 pp 569ndash580 2012

[14] W Lu and J-F Petiot ldquoAffective design of products using anaudio-based protocol application to eyeglass framerdquo In-ternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 44 no 3pp 383ndash394 2014

[15] V Chulvi M C Gonzalez-Cruz E Mulet and J Aguilar-Zambrano ldquoInfluence of the type of idea-generation methodon the creativity of solutionsrdquo Research in Engineering Designvol 24 no 1 pp 33ndash41 2013

[16] B Mannan and Abid Haleem ldquoUnderstanding major di-mensions and determinants that help in diffusion amp adoptionof product innovation using AHP approachrdquo Journal ofGlobal Entrepreneurship Research vol 7 no 1 pp 1ndash24 2017

[17] T Wang and M R Liu ldquoApplication of QFD and AHP inrailway freight transportationrdquo Computer IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 24 no 1 pp 264ndash271 2018

[18] H-N Hsish J F Chen and Q H Du ldquoApplying TRIZ andfuzzy AHP based on lean production to develop an innovativedesign of a new shape for machine toolsrdquo Information vol 6no 1 pp 89ndash110 2015

[19] L-C Chen and L Lin ldquoOptimization of product configu-ration design using functional requirements and constraintsrdquoResearch in Engineering Design vol 13 no 3 pp 167ndash1822002

[20] Y Li M-D Shieh C-C Yang and L Zhu ldquoApplication offuzzy-based hybrid taguchi method for multiobjective opti-mization of product form designrdquo Mathematical Problems inEngineering vol 2018 Article ID 9091514 18 pages 2018

[21] Y Q Xu K Chen H B Qin and Z Y Wang ldquoStudy on theapplication of Kansei engineering in product form designrdquoApplied Mechanics and Materials vol 274 pp 513ndash516 2013

[22] S Hede P V Ferreira M N Lopes and L A Rocha ldquoTRIZand the paradigms of social sustainability in product devel-opment endeavorsrdquo Procedia Engineering vol 131 pp 522ndash538 2015

[23] Z Liu D Hu Y Gao et al ldquoTRIZ based revised design fordisassembly of joint structurerdquo Journal of Mechanical Engi-neering vol 48 no 11 pp 65ndash71 2012

[24] X Ji X J Gu F Dai et al ldquoBioTRIZ-based product in-novative design processrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 48 no 1 pp 35ndash41 2014

[25] X L Li W Zhao Y K Zheng R Wang and C WangldquoInnovative product design based on comprehensive cus-tomer requirements of different cognitive levelsrdquo lte Sci-entific World Journal vol 2014 Article ID 627093 11 pages2014

[26] G D Zhai Z H Liang and M Y Li ldquoStudy on the Opti-mization model of a flexible transmissionrdquo MathematicalProblems in Engineering vol 2019 Article ID 508457312 pages 2019

18 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Applied MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Probability and StatisticsHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical PhysicsAdvances in

Complex AnalysisJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

OptimizationJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Engineering Mathematics

International Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Operations ResearchAdvances in

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Function SpacesAbstract and Applied AnalysisHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2013Hindawiwwwhindawicom

The Scientific World Journal

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018Volume 2018

Numerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisAdvances inAdvances in Discrete Dynamics in

Nature and SocietyHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom

Dierential EquationsInternational Journal of

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Decision SciencesAdvances in

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

AnalysisInternational Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Stochastic AnalysisInternational Journal of

Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom

Page 9: Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of ...downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2019/8179851.pdf · ResearchArticle Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of Agricultural

Table 7 Number of times inventive principles are used by improving shape parameters

Principle ofinvention Num Principle of

invention Num Principle of invention Num Principle of invention Num

1 Segmentation 9 11 Cushion inadvance 0 21 Rushing through 0 31 Use of Porous material 0

2 Extraction 5 12 Equipotentiality 0 22 Convert harm into benefit 4 32 Changing the color 73 Localconditions 2 13 Inversion 4 23 Feedback 0 33 Homogeneity 1

4 Asymmetry 5 14 Spheroidality 9 24 Mediator 0 34 Rejecting and regeneratingparts 7

5 Combining 3 15 Dynamicity 9 25 Self-service 1 35 Transformation of physicaland chemical states of an object 6

6 Universality 2 16 Partial oroverdone action 2 26 Copying 4 36 Phase transition 1

7 Nesting 2 17 Moving to a newdimension 3

27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive

durable one0 37 0ermal expansion 1

8 Counterweight 1 18 Mechanicalvibration 2 28 Replacement of a mechanical

system 3 38 Using strong oxidizers 0

9 Prior counter 1 19 Periodic action 1 29 Use a pneumatic or hydraulicconstruction 5 39 Inert environment 1

10 Prior action 10 20 Continuity ofuseful action 0 30 Flexible film or hydraulic

construction 2 40 Composite materials 5

Table 8 Description of appearance improvements of hand-held rotary tiller

Appearance Original understanding Description of improvement

Dynamic

Segmentation curved surfacedynamic characteristicsphysicalchemical change

combination

Curved surface design geometric scale bright andrefreshing feeling

Harmonious

Preactiondiscard or regenerate

extractionpneumatic and hydraulic structures

spatial dimension changemechanical system substitution

Parametric design concise and harmonious matchcolors for design the sense of volume in geometric

form

Individual

Change the colorcompositeasymmetry

spatial dimension change

Reasonable division of the layout systematic designchange harmful factors to favourable factors

All the original understandings come from TRIZ theory

(a) (b)

Figure 3 Hand drawing of the hand-held rotary tiller

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 9

bull head has been reinterpreted into the modern image ofbull head as shown in Figure 6 It expressed the traditionalcultivation culture Finally we used computer-aided in-dustrial design software to model the hand-held rotary tillerwith this image and obtained an innovative conceptualdesign scheme as shown in Figures 7 and 8

33 Design Evaluation for Hand-Held Rotary Tiller In orderto verify the reliability and innovation of conceptual designa conceptual scheme evaluation map was made with four

typical samples as shown in Figure 9 0e weight of fiveschemes were calculated by the AHP and construction ofjudgment matrix and the evaluation results of conceptualdesign scheme and other typical sample schemes were ob-tained [24]

0ree aspects of the 5 schemes modeling function andcolor matching were evaluated to find out an innovativehand-held rotary tiller design scheme (see Figure 10) In thiswork the evaluation weight was confirmed by several ex-perts including two industrial design experts and two ag-ricultural machinery design experts 0e results were more

Switch Hand connecting rod Motor

Chassis

GearingWheel

Handle

Rotary blade

Vegetation

Soil

Hold Support

Support

Control

Hold

SupportControl Control

DriveSupport

Support

Obstacle

Obstacle

Adhesion

Adhesion

Conrol

Control

Control

System component

Hypersystem component

Object

Normal functionInadequate function

Harmful function

Figure 4 System component function analysis of the hand-held rotary tiller

Table 9 Analysis on engineering parameters of hand-held rotary tillers

Emotionalwords Function Improvement factors Deteriorating factors TRIZ solution

SafetySafety (27) Reliability

(9) Speed 1 Segmentation 11 Cushion in advance21 Rushing through 16 Partial or

overdone action 28 Replacement of amechanical system 35 Transformation ofphysical and chemical states of an object

(12) Shape

Antivibration (31) Harmful factors sideeffects (36) Complexity of device 1 Segmentation 19 Periodic action 31

Use of porous materials

Comfortable Antiskid (27) Reliability (30) Harmful factors acting onobject

2 Extraction 27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive durable one

35 Transformation of physical andchemical states of an object 40 Composite

materials

Practical Practical (35) Adaptability (36) Complexity of equipment

15 Dynamicity 28 Replacement of amechanical system 29 Use a pneumatic or

hydraulic construction 37 0ermalexpansion

All Arabic numerals in Table 9 are the serial numbers in the TRIZ conflict matrix

10 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

objective because both of them were very familiar with thehand-held rotary tiller [25] And several judgment matriceswere constructed according to the data of questionnaires0rough the evaluation matrix the designer determines therequirement weighting coefficients of the criterion layer andthe scheme layer

331 Construction of Judgment Matrix

(1) Constructing judgment matrix As1 of the criterionlayer (s 1 2 3 and 4 where s stands for expert t 12 3 4 5 and 6 where t stands for scheme)

A11

1 315

13

15

1

13

113

13

15

13

5 3 1 3 1 5

3 313

113

5

5 5 1 3 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Table 10 Functional principles of the hand-held rotary tiller

Function Principle Principle elaboration

Safety

Replacement of a mechanical system Cushion in advance

Segmentation Rushing through

Partial or overdone action Transformation of physical and chemical states of an

object

Replacement of a mechanical system was currently arelatively new idea that can be tracked further

Cushion in advance was less innovative but it neededstudying

Segmentation rushing through and partial oroverdone action were not useful for safetyIt was not necessary to increase the cost for

transformation of physical and chemical states of anobject

AntivibrationUse of porous materials

Periodic action Segmentation

Use of porous materials was useful for buffervibrations Periodic action may cause resonance

Segmentation was not appropriate for Antivibration

Antiskid

Composite materials An inexpensive short-life object instead of an

expensive durable oneTransformation of physical and chemical states of an

object Extraction

Composite materials can be considered emphatically0e inventive principle of cheap alternatives was

needed further analysis 0e principle thattransformation of physical and chemical states of ahand-held rotary tiller may increase costs was not

taken into accountExtraction was not very suitable for the product

Practical

Dynamicity Replacement of a mechanical system

Use a pneumatic or hydraulic construction0ermal expansion

Dynamicity deserves to be considered and used0e inventive principle of replacing mechanical systemsusing pneumatic or hydraulic structures can continue to

be tracked 0ermal expansion can be excludedAll the principles come from the 40 original principles of TRIZ

Table 11 Description of technical improvements of the hand-held rotary tiller

Principle name Description of improvement

Replacement of a mechanical system0epressure sensor in the handle of the hand-held rotary tiller can detect the pressure of theoperatorrsquos hands on the handle When an accident occurs the single chip microcomputer

built in the hand-held rotary tiller will cut off the motor and stop the work

Use of porous materials Porous materials can be used for sound insulation but also can reduce the quality andvibration of hand-held rotary tiller

Composite materials 0e composite material can be used to improve the strength and rigidity of the machineand reduce the quality of the hand-held rotary tiller

Dynamicity Hand-held connecting rod was adjustable Rotary tiller blade can be replaced

Table 12 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotarytillers

A11minus B A21minus B A31minus B A41minus B

ω(2)s1

00608 00470 00460 0052400348 00278 00460 0029003419 04242 03953 0413901597 01275 00985 0133003419 03233 03569 0315500608 00502 00573 00561

λmax 65433 65882 65313 65504CI 01087 01176 01063 01101CR 00876 00949 00857 00888 Accept

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 11

Chassis Motor

Rotary bladeWheel

Gearing

Handle

Wire Pressure sensors

Hand connecting rod

Monochip computers

Height adjustable

Replacement of blade

Figure 5 Functional system diagram of the hand-held rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Figure 6 Iterative design of front face pattern of the rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c)

Figure 7 Conceptual design scheme of the hand-held rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Figure 8 Color series of the hand-held rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Figure 9 Typical sample schemes and conceptual design scheme (a) Scheme 1 (b) Scheme 2 (c) Scheme 3 (d) Scheme 4 (e) Scheme 5

12 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

A21

1 317

13

17

1

13

115

13

15

13

7 5 1 5 1 7

3 315

113

5

7 5 1 3 1 3

1 317

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

A31

1 115

13

15

1

1 115

115

13

5 5 1 5 1 5

3 115

115

5

5 5 1 5 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

A41

1 317

13

15

1

13

115

13

15

13

7 5 1 5 1 5

3 315

113

5

5 5 1 3 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

(5)

(2) Constructing judgment matrix Bst of the schemelayer

B11

113

315

15

3 1 5 3 1

13

15

117

17

515

7 1 1

5 1 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B21

113

315

15

3 1 5 113

13

15

113

13

5 1 7 1 1

5 3 3 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B31

113

515

15

3 1 3 1 13

15

13

115

17

5 1 5 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Target layer Selection of innovation scheme for hand-held rotary tiller

Criterionlayer

B1Harmonious

B2Dynamic

B3Safety

B4Comfortable

B5Practical

B6Individual

Schemelayer

C1Scheme 1

C2Scheme 2

C3Scheme 3

C1Scheme 1

C5Scheme 5

Figure 10 Hierarchical model of the hand-held rotary tiller

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 13

B41

113

315

13

3 1 515

13

13

15

115

15

5 5 5 1 3

3 3 513

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B12

113

15

15

15

3 1 3 5 1

15

13

115

17

515

5 1 1

5 1 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B22

113

513

13

3 1 3 1 115

13

115

15

3 1 5 113

3 1 5 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B32

113

515

15

3 1 313

13

15

13

117

17

5 3 7 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B42

113

515

17

3 1 313

13

15

13

115

15

5 3 5 1 1

7 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B13

115

13

17

15

5 1 3 113

313

113

17

7 1 3 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B23

113

113

15

3 1 313

13

113

115

17

3 3 5 113

5 3 5 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B33

113

315

17

3 1 313

15

13

13

117

17

5 5 3 113

7 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B43

113

113

15

3 1 315

15

113

115

15

315

5 1 1

5 5 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B14

113

13

15

15

3 1 113

15

1 1 113

17

5 3 3 113

5 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

14 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

B24

113

315

15

3 1 313

13

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 1 3

5 3 713

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B34

113

517

15

3 1 515

13

15

15

117

15

7 5 7 1 1

5 3 3 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B44

113

315

15

3 1 313

13

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 1 1

5 3 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B15

113

13

17

17

3 1 115

13

3 1 113

15

7 5 3 1 1

7 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B25 5

113

315

17

3 1 313

15

13

15

117

17

5 3 7 113

7 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B35

113

313

15

3 1 113

15

1 1 117

17

3 3 7 1 1

5 5 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B45

113

315

17

3 1 113

15

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 113

7 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B16

113

315

15

3 1 5 113

13

15

117

15

5 1 7 1 1

5 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B26

113

313

15

3 1 713

13

15

17

115

17

3 3 5 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B36

113

315

15

3 1 513

15

13

15

113

17

5 3 3 113

5 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 15

B46

113

515

17

3 1 513

15

15

15

115

17

5 3 5 1 1

7 5 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

(6)

332 Hierarchical Sequencing and Consistency Verification0e maximum eigenvalue λmax 65433 of the judgmentmatrix A11 was obtained by calculation and it was normalizedto ω(2)

11 (00608 00348 03419 01597 03419 00608) 0esix elements of the criterion layer are harmony dynamicssafety comfort practicality and individuality Consistency testis to test the coordination of the importance of each elementCI value of less than 1 indicates that consistency of thejudgmentmatrix is passed and the results are listed in Table 12

0e element bstij in the judgment matrix Bst is the comparisonmeasure of the superiority ofPt to C in the scheme layer (hand-held rotary tiller) 0e weight ω(3)

1t the maximum eigenvalueλmax and the consistency index CI1t were calculated from thecomparison judgment matrix B1t of the third layer and theresults are listed in Table 130e average of the total ranking ofthe scheme layers is shown in Table 14

After calculation the weight coefficient P of the 4 sampleschemes and a new conceptual design scheme of the targetlayer was obtained P1(C1) 007 P2(C2) 014 P3(C3)

006 P4(C4) 030 and P5(C5) 043 where Pt(C1) is theweight coefficient of sample 1 and so on 0erefore theinnovative conceptual design scheme was selected from thefive schemes because the weight coefficient of the conceptualdesign scheme P5(C5) was the largest one 043 0ismethod is effective and feasible for the innovative design ofagricultural machinery

4 Discussion

In order to improve the comprehensive quality of functionalproducts and meet the needs of users for product

Table 13 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotary tiller

B11ndashC B12ndashC B13ndashC B14ndashC B15ndashC B16ndashC Expert 1ω(3)1t 00815 00497 00417 00496 00434 00796

03322 03482 02016 01062 01063 0209100414 00465 00795 00797 01063 0043302290 02244 02156 02518 03720 0308603159 03312 04616 05127 03720 03594

λmax 52876 53691 52469 50252 50939 52194CI 00719 00923 00617 00063 00235 00548CR 00642 00824 00551 00056 00210 00490 Accept

B21ndashC B22ndashC B23ndashC B24ndashC B25ndashC B26ndashC Expert 2ω(3)2t 00856 01172 00712 00749 00658 00927

02247 02547 01524 01425 01209 0170500611 00502 00643 00422 00396 0034702799 02265 02619 04503 02726 0247303487 03515 04502 02902 05012 04547

λmax 54208 53773 52144 52785 52742 54268CI 01052 00943 00536 00696 00685 01067CR 00939 00842 00479 00622 00612 00935 Accept

B31ndashC B32ndashC B33ndashC B34ndashC B35ndashC B36ndashC Expert 3ω(3)3t 00855 00826 00669 00758 00692 00744

01832 01419 01231 01393 01074 0141600420 00379 00403 00359 00680 0044802247 02890 02595 04186 03393 0243404646 04485 05102 03304 04162 04957

λmax 53965 54257 53429 54404 52374 54451CI 00991 01064 00857 01101 00594 01113CR 00885 00950 00765 00983 00530 00994 Accept

B41ndashC B42ndashC B43ndashC B44ndashC B45ndashC B46ndashC Expert 4ω(3)4t 00846 00805 00697 00762 00658 00758

01454 01480 01216 01450 01209 0139300444 00452 00629 00429 00396 0035904757 03509 03538 03679 02726 0330402499 03754 03919 03679 05012 04186

λmax 54118 54301 52748 51295 52742 54404CI 01029 01075 00687 00324 00684 01101CR 00919 00960 00613 00289 00612 00983 Accept

16 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

personalization this paper puts forward the improvementexplanation of appearance and function and obtains the in-novative design scheme by introducing KE and TRIZ0eAHPwas used to evaluate the innovative design scheme Combiningwith the design of hand-held rotary tiller the correspondinginnovative design scheme was obtained and the design processwas attempted to be extended to other products 0e maincontent of the literature study [8 25 26] focused on the userrequirements mining or conceptual design stage and the re-searchers have not studied the application of detailed designstage and the subsequent evaluation of innovative design 0ispaper establishes an innovative design model from user needsmining conceptual design detailed design computer-aideddesign and scheme evaluation which is convenient for de-signers to design and develop products and also has a goodreference for innovative design of other products

However because the main research content of thispaper focuses on innovative design process the research onthe evaluation system of the scheme is insufficient In thefollowing work designers can introduce other design the-ories and methods to combine with existing research inorder to improve the process of innovative design

5 Conclusions

In order to improve the comprehensive quality of agricul-tural machinery products based on functional technologyand meet the needs of users the innovation design model ofagricultural machinery products based on KE-TRIZ wasconstructed

Firstly the designer used SD method and PCA methodto quantify and reduce the dimension of affective intentionwords aiming to select comprehensive variables repre-senting the needs of users Secondly by constructing a KE-TRIZ innovative design model the product appearance andfunction were innovatively designed and the contradictionbetween product appearance and function was analyzed tomake it well matched 0en taking the innovative design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as an example the applicationflow was described and the typical samples and designscheme were evaluated by the AHP which shows that themethod has obvious improvement in function and ap-pearance 0e KE-TRIZ method enables designers to designproducts more in line with the actual needs of users which iseffective and feasible for the innovative design of agriculturalmachinery

0e follow-up work is to further explore the integrationof technology cost and other multi-objective-driven in-novative designs of agricultural machinery products in orderto improve the applicability and integrity of the method

Data Availability

All data generated and analyzed during this study are in-cluded within the article

Conflicts of Interest

0e authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest

Authorsrsquo Contributions

Jian-wei Wang conceived and designed the study Jian-minZhang completed the design evaluation Jian-wei Wangcompleted product modeling Jian-min Zhang revised andpolished the manuscript All authors have read and ap-proved the final manuscript All authors contributed equallyto this work

Acknowledgments

0is work was supported by the Guizhou Natural ScienceFund Project (Guizhou Technology Cooperation SupportProgram (2017)1047) the Guizhou Science and TechnologyMajor Project (LH(2014)7629 LH(2016)7432 and LH(2017)7232) and the Academic New Seedling Cultivation andInnovation Exploration Specialization of Guizhou Univer-sity (Guizhou Platform Talents (2017)5788)

References

[1] G Q Yao C Q Xue and H Y Wang ldquoDesign method forcoach styling design based on image cognitionrdquo Journal ofSoutheast University Natural Science Edition vol 46 no 6pp 1198ndash1203 2016

[2] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei Engineering a new ergonomicconsumer-oriented technology for product developmentrdquoInternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 15 no 1pp 3ndash11 1995

[3] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei engineering as a powerful consumer-orientied technology for product developmentrdquo Applied Er-gonomics vol 33 no 3 pp 289ndash294 2002

[4] C E GolnooshRasoulifar and P Guy ldquoCommunicatingconsumer needs in the design process of branded productsrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015

[5] Y T Fu and S J Luo ldquoStyle perception-oriented productfamily shape gene designrdquo Comtuter IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 18 no 3 pp 449ndash457 2012

[6] L N Abdala R B Fernandes A Ogliari M Lower andJ Feldhusen ldquoCreative contributions of the methods of in-ventive principles of TRIZ and BioTRIZ to problem solvingrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 139 no 8 2017

[7] S Kim and B Yoon ldquoDeveloping a process of conceptgeneration for new product-service systems a QFD and

Table 14 Overall ranking result and average value of the third layer

Scheme Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 Scheme 5Expert 1 0048558458 0167268103 0083016534 0281635216 0419521689Expert 2 0072929489 0148099162 0051450184 0288521951 0438999215Expert 3 0070614603 0123757406 0050002922 0302460164 0453164905Expert 4 0070748371 0127513198 0049909632 0335077088 041675171Average value 006571273 0141659467 0058594818 0301923605 043210938

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 17

TRIZ-based approachrdquo Service Business vol 6 no 3pp 323ndash348 2012

[8] R H Tan R H Zhang F Liu and B J Yang ldquoTwo stagesanalogy-based conceptual design based on TRIZrdquo ComputerIntergrated Manufacturing Systems vol 12 no 3 pp 328ndash334 2006

[9] X Z Liu G N Qi J Z Fu B B Fan and J Xu ldquoA designprocess model of intergrated morphlolgical matrix andconflict resolving principlesrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 46 no 12 pp 2243ndash2258 2012

[10] Y H Cohen Y Reich and S Greenberg ldquoBiomineticsstructure-function patterns approachrdquo Journal of MechanicalDesign vol 136 no 11 2014

[11] L L Sun and F S Kong ldquoVisual comfort design of automobileseat based on Kansei engineering and TRIZ theoryrdquo Journal ofJinlin University Engineering and Technology Edition vol 44no 1 pp 106ndash110 2014

[12] W Chen C S Carolyn and Y Bernard ldquoSpecial issue userneeds and preferences in engineering designrdquo Journal ofMechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015

[13] Y X Huang C-H Chen and L P Khoo ldquoProducts clas-sification in emotional design using a basic-emotion basedsemantic differential methodrdquo International Journal of In-dustrial Ergonomics vol 42 no 6 pp 569ndash580 2012

[14] W Lu and J-F Petiot ldquoAffective design of products using anaudio-based protocol application to eyeglass framerdquo In-ternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 44 no 3pp 383ndash394 2014

[15] V Chulvi M C Gonzalez-Cruz E Mulet and J Aguilar-Zambrano ldquoInfluence of the type of idea-generation methodon the creativity of solutionsrdquo Research in Engineering Designvol 24 no 1 pp 33ndash41 2013

[16] B Mannan and Abid Haleem ldquoUnderstanding major di-mensions and determinants that help in diffusion amp adoptionof product innovation using AHP approachrdquo Journal ofGlobal Entrepreneurship Research vol 7 no 1 pp 1ndash24 2017

[17] T Wang and M R Liu ldquoApplication of QFD and AHP inrailway freight transportationrdquo Computer IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 24 no 1 pp 264ndash271 2018

[18] H-N Hsish J F Chen and Q H Du ldquoApplying TRIZ andfuzzy AHP based on lean production to develop an innovativedesign of a new shape for machine toolsrdquo Information vol 6no 1 pp 89ndash110 2015

[19] L-C Chen and L Lin ldquoOptimization of product configu-ration design using functional requirements and constraintsrdquoResearch in Engineering Design vol 13 no 3 pp 167ndash1822002

[20] Y Li M-D Shieh C-C Yang and L Zhu ldquoApplication offuzzy-based hybrid taguchi method for multiobjective opti-mization of product form designrdquo Mathematical Problems inEngineering vol 2018 Article ID 9091514 18 pages 2018

[21] Y Q Xu K Chen H B Qin and Z Y Wang ldquoStudy on theapplication of Kansei engineering in product form designrdquoApplied Mechanics and Materials vol 274 pp 513ndash516 2013

[22] S Hede P V Ferreira M N Lopes and L A Rocha ldquoTRIZand the paradigms of social sustainability in product devel-opment endeavorsrdquo Procedia Engineering vol 131 pp 522ndash538 2015

[23] Z Liu D Hu Y Gao et al ldquoTRIZ based revised design fordisassembly of joint structurerdquo Journal of Mechanical Engi-neering vol 48 no 11 pp 65ndash71 2012

[24] X Ji X J Gu F Dai et al ldquoBioTRIZ-based product in-novative design processrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 48 no 1 pp 35ndash41 2014

[25] X L Li W Zhao Y K Zheng R Wang and C WangldquoInnovative product design based on comprehensive cus-tomer requirements of different cognitive levelsrdquo lte Sci-entific World Journal vol 2014 Article ID 627093 11 pages2014

[26] G D Zhai Z H Liang and M Y Li ldquoStudy on the Opti-mization model of a flexible transmissionrdquo MathematicalProblems in Engineering vol 2019 Article ID 508457312 pages 2019

18 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Applied MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Probability and StatisticsHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical PhysicsAdvances in

Complex AnalysisJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

OptimizationJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Engineering Mathematics

International Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Operations ResearchAdvances in

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Function SpacesAbstract and Applied AnalysisHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2013Hindawiwwwhindawicom

The Scientific World Journal

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018Volume 2018

Numerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisAdvances inAdvances in Discrete Dynamics in

Nature and SocietyHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom

Dierential EquationsInternational Journal of

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Decision SciencesAdvances in

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

AnalysisInternational Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Stochastic AnalysisInternational Journal of

Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom

Page 10: Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of ...downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2019/8179851.pdf · ResearchArticle Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of Agricultural

bull head has been reinterpreted into the modern image ofbull head as shown in Figure 6 It expressed the traditionalcultivation culture Finally we used computer-aided in-dustrial design software to model the hand-held rotary tillerwith this image and obtained an innovative conceptualdesign scheme as shown in Figures 7 and 8

33 Design Evaluation for Hand-Held Rotary Tiller In orderto verify the reliability and innovation of conceptual designa conceptual scheme evaluation map was made with four

typical samples as shown in Figure 9 0e weight of fiveschemes were calculated by the AHP and construction ofjudgment matrix and the evaluation results of conceptualdesign scheme and other typical sample schemes were ob-tained [24]

0ree aspects of the 5 schemes modeling function andcolor matching were evaluated to find out an innovativehand-held rotary tiller design scheme (see Figure 10) In thiswork the evaluation weight was confirmed by several ex-perts including two industrial design experts and two ag-ricultural machinery design experts 0e results were more

Switch Hand connecting rod Motor

Chassis

GearingWheel

Handle

Rotary blade

Vegetation

Soil

Hold Support

Support

Control

Hold

SupportControl Control

DriveSupport

Support

Obstacle

Obstacle

Adhesion

Adhesion

Conrol

Control

Control

System component

Hypersystem component

Object

Normal functionInadequate function

Harmful function

Figure 4 System component function analysis of the hand-held rotary tiller

Table 9 Analysis on engineering parameters of hand-held rotary tillers

Emotionalwords Function Improvement factors Deteriorating factors TRIZ solution

SafetySafety (27) Reliability

(9) Speed 1 Segmentation 11 Cushion in advance21 Rushing through 16 Partial or

overdone action 28 Replacement of amechanical system 35 Transformation ofphysical and chemical states of an object

(12) Shape

Antivibration (31) Harmful factors sideeffects (36) Complexity of device 1 Segmentation 19 Periodic action 31

Use of porous materials

Comfortable Antiskid (27) Reliability (30) Harmful factors acting onobject

2 Extraction 27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive durable one

35 Transformation of physical andchemical states of an object 40 Composite

materials

Practical Practical (35) Adaptability (36) Complexity of equipment

15 Dynamicity 28 Replacement of amechanical system 29 Use a pneumatic or

hydraulic construction 37 0ermalexpansion

All Arabic numerals in Table 9 are the serial numbers in the TRIZ conflict matrix

10 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

objective because both of them were very familiar with thehand-held rotary tiller [25] And several judgment matriceswere constructed according to the data of questionnaires0rough the evaluation matrix the designer determines therequirement weighting coefficients of the criterion layer andthe scheme layer

331 Construction of Judgment Matrix

(1) Constructing judgment matrix As1 of the criterionlayer (s 1 2 3 and 4 where s stands for expert t 12 3 4 5 and 6 where t stands for scheme)

A11

1 315

13

15

1

13

113

13

15

13

5 3 1 3 1 5

3 313

113

5

5 5 1 3 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Table 10 Functional principles of the hand-held rotary tiller

Function Principle Principle elaboration

Safety

Replacement of a mechanical system Cushion in advance

Segmentation Rushing through

Partial or overdone action Transformation of physical and chemical states of an

object

Replacement of a mechanical system was currently arelatively new idea that can be tracked further

Cushion in advance was less innovative but it neededstudying

Segmentation rushing through and partial oroverdone action were not useful for safetyIt was not necessary to increase the cost for

transformation of physical and chemical states of anobject

AntivibrationUse of porous materials

Periodic action Segmentation

Use of porous materials was useful for buffervibrations Periodic action may cause resonance

Segmentation was not appropriate for Antivibration

Antiskid

Composite materials An inexpensive short-life object instead of an

expensive durable oneTransformation of physical and chemical states of an

object Extraction

Composite materials can be considered emphatically0e inventive principle of cheap alternatives was

needed further analysis 0e principle thattransformation of physical and chemical states of ahand-held rotary tiller may increase costs was not

taken into accountExtraction was not very suitable for the product

Practical

Dynamicity Replacement of a mechanical system

Use a pneumatic or hydraulic construction0ermal expansion

Dynamicity deserves to be considered and used0e inventive principle of replacing mechanical systemsusing pneumatic or hydraulic structures can continue to

be tracked 0ermal expansion can be excludedAll the principles come from the 40 original principles of TRIZ

Table 11 Description of technical improvements of the hand-held rotary tiller

Principle name Description of improvement

Replacement of a mechanical system0epressure sensor in the handle of the hand-held rotary tiller can detect the pressure of theoperatorrsquos hands on the handle When an accident occurs the single chip microcomputer

built in the hand-held rotary tiller will cut off the motor and stop the work

Use of porous materials Porous materials can be used for sound insulation but also can reduce the quality andvibration of hand-held rotary tiller

Composite materials 0e composite material can be used to improve the strength and rigidity of the machineand reduce the quality of the hand-held rotary tiller

Dynamicity Hand-held connecting rod was adjustable Rotary tiller blade can be replaced

Table 12 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotarytillers

A11minus B A21minus B A31minus B A41minus B

ω(2)s1

00608 00470 00460 0052400348 00278 00460 0029003419 04242 03953 0413901597 01275 00985 0133003419 03233 03569 0315500608 00502 00573 00561

λmax 65433 65882 65313 65504CI 01087 01176 01063 01101CR 00876 00949 00857 00888 Accept

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 11

Chassis Motor

Rotary bladeWheel

Gearing

Handle

Wire Pressure sensors

Hand connecting rod

Monochip computers

Height adjustable

Replacement of blade

Figure 5 Functional system diagram of the hand-held rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Figure 6 Iterative design of front face pattern of the rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c)

Figure 7 Conceptual design scheme of the hand-held rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Figure 8 Color series of the hand-held rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Figure 9 Typical sample schemes and conceptual design scheme (a) Scheme 1 (b) Scheme 2 (c) Scheme 3 (d) Scheme 4 (e) Scheme 5

12 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

A21

1 317

13

17

1

13

115

13

15

13

7 5 1 5 1 7

3 315

113

5

7 5 1 3 1 3

1 317

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

A31

1 115

13

15

1

1 115

115

13

5 5 1 5 1 5

3 115

115

5

5 5 1 5 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

A41

1 317

13

15

1

13

115

13

15

13

7 5 1 5 1 5

3 315

113

5

5 5 1 3 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

(5)

(2) Constructing judgment matrix Bst of the schemelayer

B11

113

315

15

3 1 5 3 1

13

15

117

17

515

7 1 1

5 1 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B21

113

315

15

3 1 5 113

13

15

113

13

5 1 7 1 1

5 3 3 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B31

113

515

15

3 1 3 1 13

15

13

115

17

5 1 5 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Target layer Selection of innovation scheme for hand-held rotary tiller

Criterionlayer

B1Harmonious

B2Dynamic

B3Safety

B4Comfortable

B5Practical

B6Individual

Schemelayer

C1Scheme 1

C2Scheme 2

C3Scheme 3

C1Scheme 1

C5Scheme 5

Figure 10 Hierarchical model of the hand-held rotary tiller

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 13

B41

113

315

13

3 1 515

13

13

15

115

15

5 5 5 1 3

3 3 513

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B12

113

15

15

15

3 1 3 5 1

15

13

115

17

515

5 1 1

5 1 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B22

113

513

13

3 1 3 1 115

13

115

15

3 1 5 113

3 1 5 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B32

113

515

15

3 1 313

13

15

13

117

17

5 3 7 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B42

113

515

17

3 1 313

13

15

13

115

15

5 3 5 1 1

7 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B13

115

13

17

15

5 1 3 113

313

113

17

7 1 3 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B23

113

113

15

3 1 313

13

113

115

17

3 3 5 113

5 3 5 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B33

113

315

17

3 1 313

15

13

13

117

17

5 5 3 113

7 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B43

113

113

15

3 1 315

15

113

115

15

315

5 1 1

5 5 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B14

113

13

15

15

3 1 113

15

1 1 113

17

5 3 3 113

5 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

14 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

B24

113

315

15

3 1 313

13

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 1 3

5 3 713

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B34

113

517

15

3 1 515

13

15

15

117

15

7 5 7 1 1

5 3 3 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B44

113

315

15

3 1 313

13

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 1 1

5 3 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B15

113

13

17

17

3 1 115

13

3 1 113

15

7 5 3 1 1

7 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B25 5

113

315

17

3 1 313

15

13

15

117

17

5 3 7 113

7 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B35

113

313

15

3 1 113

15

1 1 117

17

3 3 7 1 1

5 5 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B45

113

315

17

3 1 113

15

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 113

7 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B16

113

315

15

3 1 5 113

13

15

117

15

5 1 7 1 1

5 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B26

113

313

15

3 1 713

13

15

17

115

17

3 3 5 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B36

113

315

15

3 1 513

15

13

15

113

17

5 3 3 113

5 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 15

B46

113

515

17

3 1 513

15

15

15

115

17

5 3 5 1 1

7 5 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

(6)

332 Hierarchical Sequencing and Consistency Verification0e maximum eigenvalue λmax 65433 of the judgmentmatrix A11 was obtained by calculation and it was normalizedto ω(2)

11 (00608 00348 03419 01597 03419 00608) 0esix elements of the criterion layer are harmony dynamicssafety comfort practicality and individuality Consistency testis to test the coordination of the importance of each elementCI value of less than 1 indicates that consistency of thejudgmentmatrix is passed and the results are listed in Table 12

0e element bstij in the judgment matrix Bst is the comparisonmeasure of the superiority ofPt to C in the scheme layer (hand-held rotary tiller) 0e weight ω(3)

1t the maximum eigenvalueλmax and the consistency index CI1t were calculated from thecomparison judgment matrix B1t of the third layer and theresults are listed in Table 130e average of the total ranking ofthe scheme layers is shown in Table 14

After calculation the weight coefficient P of the 4 sampleschemes and a new conceptual design scheme of the targetlayer was obtained P1(C1) 007 P2(C2) 014 P3(C3)

006 P4(C4) 030 and P5(C5) 043 where Pt(C1) is theweight coefficient of sample 1 and so on 0erefore theinnovative conceptual design scheme was selected from thefive schemes because the weight coefficient of the conceptualdesign scheme P5(C5) was the largest one 043 0ismethod is effective and feasible for the innovative design ofagricultural machinery

4 Discussion

In order to improve the comprehensive quality of functionalproducts and meet the needs of users for product

Table 13 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotary tiller

B11ndashC B12ndashC B13ndashC B14ndashC B15ndashC B16ndashC Expert 1ω(3)1t 00815 00497 00417 00496 00434 00796

03322 03482 02016 01062 01063 0209100414 00465 00795 00797 01063 0043302290 02244 02156 02518 03720 0308603159 03312 04616 05127 03720 03594

λmax 52876 53691 52469 50252 50939 52194CI 00719 00923 00617 00063 00235 00548CR 00642 00824 00551 00056 00210 00490 Accept

B21ndashC B22ndashC B23ndashC B24ndashC B25ndashC B26ndashC Expert 2ω(3)2t 00856 01172 00712 00749 00658 00927

02247 02547 01524 01425 01209 0170500611 00502 00643 00422 00396 0034702799 02265 02619 04503 02726 0247303487 03515 04502 02902 05012 04547

λmax 54208 53773 52144 52785 52742 54268CI 01052 00943 00536 00696 00685 01067CR 00939 00842 00479 00622 00612 00935 Accept

B31ndashC B32ndashC B33ndashC B34ndashC B35ndashC B36ndashC Expert 3ω(3)3t 00855 00826 00669 00758 00692 00744

01832 01419 01231 01393 01074 0141600420 00379 00403 00359 00680 0044802247 02890 02595 04186 03393 0243404646 04485 05102 03304 04162 04957

λmax 53965 54257 53429 54404 52374 54451CI 00991 01064 00857 01101 00594 01113CR 00885 00950 00765 00983 00530 00994 Accept

B41ndashC B42ndashC B43ndashC B44ndashC B45ndashC B46ndashC Expert 4ω(3)4t 00846 00805 00697 00762 00658 00758

01454 01480 01216 01450 01209 0139300444 00452 00629 00429 00396 0035904757 03509 03538 03679 02726 0330402499 03754 03919 03679 05012 04186

λmax 54118 54301 52748 51295 52742 54404CI 01029 01075 00687 00324 00684 01101CR 00919 00960 00613 00289 00612 00983 Accept

16 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

personalization this paper puts forward the improvementexplanation of appearance and function and obtains the in-novative design scheme by introducing KE and TRIZ0eAHPwas used to evaluate the innovative design scheme Combiningwith the design of hand-held rotary tiller the correspondinginnovative design scheme was obtained and the design processwas attempted to be extended to other products 0e maincontent of the literature study [8 25 26] focused on the userrequirements mining or conceptual design stage and the re-searchers have not studied the application of detailed designstage and the subsequent evaluation of innovative design 0ispaper establishes an innovative design model from user needsmining conceptual design detailed design computer-aideddesign and scheme evaluation which is convenient for de-signers to design and develop products and also has a goodreference for innovative design of other products

However because the main research content of thispaper focuses on innovative design process the research onthe evaluation system of the scheme is insufficient In thefollowing work designers can introduce other design the-ories and methods to combine with existing research inorder to improve the process of innovative design

5 Conclusions

In order to improve the comprehensive quality of agricul-tural machinery products based on functional technologyand meet the needs of users the innovation design model ofagricultural machinery products based on KE-TRIZ wasconstructed

Firstly the designer used SD method and PCA methodto quantify and reduce the dimension of affective intentionwords aiming to select comprehensive variables repre-senting the needs of users Secondly by constructing a KE-TRIZ innovative design model the product appearance andfunction were innovatively designed and the contradictionbetween product appearance and function was analyzed tomake it well matched 0en taking the innovative design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as an example the applicationflow was described and the typical samples and designscheme were evaluated by the AHP which shows that themethod has obvious improvement in function and ap-pearance 0e KE-TRIZ method enables designers to designproducts more in line with the actual needs of users which iseffective and feasible for the innovative design of agriculturalmachinery

0e follow-up work is to further explore the integrationof technology cost and other multi-objective-driven in-novative designs of agricultural machinery products in orderto improve the applicability and integrity of the method

Data Availability

All data generated and analyzed during this study are in-cluded within the article

Conflicts of Interest

0e authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest

Authorsrsquo Contributions

Jian-wei Wang conceived and designed the study Jian-minZhang completed the design evaluation Jian-wei Wangcompleted product modeling Jian-min Zhang revised andpolished the manuscript All authors have read and ap-proved the final manuscript All authors contributed equallyto this work

Acknowledgments

0is work was supported by the Guizhou Natural ScienceFund Project (Guizhou Technology Cooperation SupportProgram (2017)1047) the Guizhou Science and TechnologyMajor Project (LH(2014)7629 LH(2016)7432 and LH(2017)7232) and the Academic New Seedling Cultivation andInnovation Exploration Specialization of Guizhou Univer-sity (Guizhou Platform Talents (2017)5788)

References

[1] G Q Yao C Q Xue and H Y Wang ldquoDesign method forcoach styling design based on image cognitionrdquo Journal ofSoutheast University Natural Science Edition vol 46 no 6pp 1198ndash1203 2016

[2] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei Engineering a new ergonomicconsumer-oriented technology for product developmentrdquoInternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 15 no 1pp 3ndash11 1995

[3] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei engineering as a powerful consumer-orientied technology for product developmentrdquo Applied Er-gonomics vol 33 no 3 pp 289ndash294 2002

[4] C E GolnooshRasoulifar and P Guy ldquoCommunicatingconsumer needs in the design process of branded productsrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015

[5] Y T Fu and S J Luo ldquoStyle perception-oriented productfamily shape gene designrdquo Comtuter IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 18 no 3 pp 449ndash457 2012

[6] L N Abdala R B Fernandes A Ogliari M Lower andJ Feldhusen ldquoCreative contributions of the methods of in-ventive principles of TRIZ and BioTRIZ to problem solvingrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 139 no 8 2017

[7] S Kim and B Yoon ldquoDeveloping a process of conceptgeneration for new product-service systems a QFD and

Table 14 Overall ranking result and average value of the third layer

Scheme Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 Scheme 5Expert 1 0048558458 0167268103 0083016534 0281635216 0419521689Expert 2 0072929489 0148099162 0051450184 0288521951 0438999215Expert 3 0070614603 0123757406 0050002922 0302460164 0453164905Expert 4 0070748371 0127513198 0049909632 0335077088 041675171Average value 006571273 0141659467 0058594818 0301923605 043210938

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 17

TRIZ-based approachrdquo Service Business vol 6 no 3pp 323ndash348 2012

[8] R H Tan R H Zhang F Liu and B J Yang ldquoTwo stagesanalogy-based conceptual design based on TRIZrdquo ComputerIntergrated Manufacturing Systems vol 12 no 3 pp 328ndash334 2006

[9] X Z Liu G N Qi J Z Fu B B Fan and J Xu ldquoA designprocess model of intergrated morphlolgical matrix andconflict resolving principlesrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 46 no 12 pp 2243ndash2258 2012

[10] Y H Cohen Y Reich and S Greenberg ldquoBiomineticsstructure-function patterns approachrdquo Journal of MechanicalDesign vol 136 no 11 2014

[11] L L Sun and F S Kong ldquoVisual comfort design of automobileseat based on Kansei engineering and TRIZ theoryrdquo Journal ofJinlin University Engineering and Technology Edition vol 44no 1 pp 106ndash110 2014

[12] W Chen C S Carolyn and Y Bernard ldquoSpecial issue userneeds and preferences in engineering designrdquo Journal ofMechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015

[13] Y X Huang C-H Chen and L P Khoo ldquoProducts clas-sification in emotional design using a basic-emotion basedsemantic differential methodrdquo International Journal of In-dustrial Ergonomics vol 42 no 6 pp 569ndash580 2012

[14] W Lu and J-F Petiot ldquoAffective design of products using anaudio-based protocol application to eyeglass framerdquo In-ternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 44 no 3pp 383ndash394 2014

[15] V Chulvi M C Gonzalez-Cruz E Mulet and J Aguilar-Zambrano ldquoInfluence of the type of idea-generation methodon the creativity of solutionsrdquo Research in Engineering Designvol 24 no 1 pp 33ndash41 2013

[16] B Mannan and Abid Haleem ldquoUnderstanding major di-mensions and determinants that help in diffusion amp adoptionof product innovation using AHP approachrdquo Journal ofGlobal Entrepreneurship Research vol 7 no 1 pp 1ndash24 2017

[17] T Wang and M R Liu ldquoApplication of QFD and AHP inrailway freight transportationrdquo Computer IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 24 no 1 pp 264ndash271 2018

[18] H-N Hsish J F Chen and Q H Du ldquoApplying TRIZ andfuzzy AHP based on lean production to develop an innovativedesign of a new shape for machine toolsrdquo Information vol 6no 1 pp 89ndash110 2015

[19] L-C Chen and L Lin ldquoOptimization of product configu-ration design using functional requirements and constraintsrdquoResearch in Engineering Design vol 13 no 3 pp 167ndash1822002

[20] Y Li M-D Shieh C-C Yang and L Zhu ldquoApplication offuzzy-based hybrid taguchi method for multiobjective opti-mization of product form designrdquo Mathematical Problems inEngineering vol 2018 Article ID 9091514 18 pages 2018

[21] Y Q Xu K Chen H B Qin and Z Y Wang ldquoStudy on theapplication of Kansei engineering in product form designrdquoApplied Mechanics and Materials vol 274 pp 513ndash516 2013

[22] S Hede P V Ferreira M N Lopes and L A Rocha ldquoTRIZand the paradigms of social sustainability in product devel-opment endeavorsrdquo Procedia Engineering vol 131 pp 522ndash538 2015

[23] Z Liu D Hu Y Gao et al ldquoTRIZ based revised design fordisassembly of joint structurerdquo Journal of Mechanical Engi-neering vol 48 no 11 pp 65ndash71 2012

[24] X Ji X J Gu F Dai et al ldquoBioTRIZ-based product in-novative design processrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 48 no 1 pp 35ndash41 2014

[25] X L Li W Zhao Y K Zheng R Wang and C WangldquoInnovative product design based on comprehensive cus-tomer requirements of different cognitive levelsrdquo lte Sci-entific World Journal vol 2014 Article ID 627093 11 pages2014

[26] G D Zhai Z H Liang and M Y Li ldquoStudy on the Opti-mization model of a flexible transmissionrdquo MathematicalProblems in Engineering vol 2019 Article ID 508457312 pages 2019

18 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Applied MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Probability and StatisticsHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical PhysicsAdvances in

Complex AnalysisJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

OptimizationJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Engineering Mathematics

International Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Operations ResearchAdvances in

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Function SpacesAbstract and Applied AnalysisHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2013Hindawiwwwhindawicom

The Scientific World Journal

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018Volume 2018

Numerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisAdvances inAdvances in Discrete Dynamics in

Nature and SocietyHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom

Dierential EquationsInternational Journal of

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Decision SciencesAdvances in

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

AnalysisInternational Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Stochastic AnalysisInternational Journal of

Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom

Page 11: Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of ...downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2019/8179851.pdf · ResearchArticle Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of Agricultural

objective because both of them were very familiar with thehand-held rotary tiller [25] And several judgment matriceswere constructed according to the data of questionnaires0rough the evaluation matrix the designer determines therequirement weighting coefficients of the criterion layer andthe scheme layer

331 Construction of Judgment Matrix

(1) Constructing judgment matrix As1 of the criterionlayer (s 1 2 3 and 4 where s stands for expert t 12 3 4 5 and 6 where t stands for scheme)

A11

1 315

13

15

1

13

113

13

15

13

5 3 1 3 1 5

3 313

113

5

5 5 1 3 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Table 10 Functional principles of the hand-held rotary tiller

Function Principle Principle elaboration

Safety

Replacement of a mechanical system Cushion in advance

Segmentation Rushing through

Partial or overdone action Transformation of physical and chemical states of an

object

Replacement of a mechanical system was currently arelatively new idea that can be tracked further

Cushion in advance was less innovative but it neededstudying

Segmentation rushing through and partial oroverdone action were not useful for safetyIt was not necessary to increase the cost for

transformation of physical and chemical states of anobject

AntivibrationUse of porous materials

Periodic action Segmentation

Use of porous materials was useful for buffervibrations Periodic action may cause resonance

Segmentation was not appropriate for Antivibration

Antiskid

Composite materials An inexpensive short-life object instead of an

expensive durable oneTransformation of physical and chemical states of an

object Extraction

Composite materials can be considered emphatically0e inventive principle of cheap alternatives was

needed further analysis 0e principle thattransformation of physical and chemical states of ahand-held rotary tiller may increase costs was not

taken into accountExtraction was not very suitable for the product

Practical

Dynamicity Replacement of a mechanical system

Use a pneumatic or hydraulic construction0ermal expansion

Dynamicity deserves to be considered and used0e inventive principle of replacing mechanical systemsusing pneumatic or hydraulic structures can continue to

be tracked 0ermal expansion can be excludedAll the principles come from the 40 original principles of TRIZ

Table 11 Description of technical improvements of the hand-held rotary tiller

Principle name Description of improvement

Replacement of a mechanical system0epressure sensor in the handle of the hand-held rotary tiller can detect the pressure of theoperatorrsquos hands on the handle When an accident occurs the single chip microcomputer

built in the hand-held rotary tiller will cut off the motor and stop the work

Use of porous materials Porous materials can be used for sound insulation but also can reduce the quality andvibration of hand-held rotary tiller

Composite materials 0e composite material can be used to improve the strength and rigidity of the machineand reduce the quality of the hand-held rotary tiller

Dynamicity Hand-held connecting rod was adjustable Rotary tiller blade can be replaced

Table 12 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotarytillers

A11minus B A21minus B A31minus B A41minus B

ω(2)s1

00608 00470 00460 0052400348 00278 00460 0029003419 04242 03953 0413901597 01275 00985 0133003419 03233 03569 0315500608 00502 00573 00561

λmax 65433 65882 65313 65504CI 01087 01176 01063 01101CR 00876 00949 00857 00888 Accept

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 11

Chassis Motor

Rotary bladeWheel

Gearing

Handle

Wire Pressure sensors

Hand connecting rod

Monochip computers

Height adjustable

Replacement of blade

Figure 5 Functional system diagram of the hand-held rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Figure 6 Iterative design of front face pattern of the rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c)

Figure 7 Conceptual design scheme of the hand-held rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Figure 8 Color series of the hand-held rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Figure 9 Typical sample schemes and conceptual design scheme (a) Scheme 1 (b) Scheme 2 (c) Scheme 3 (d) Scheme 4 (e) Scheme 5

12 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

A21

1 317

13

17

1

13

115

13

15

13

7 5 1 5 1 7

3 315

113

5

7 5 1 3 1 3

1 317

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

A31

1 115

13

15

1

1 115

115

13

5 5 1 5 1 5

3 115

115

5

5 5 1 5 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

A41

1 317

13

15

1

13

115

13

15

13

7 5 1 5 1 5

3 315

113

5

5 5 1 3 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

(5)

(2) Constructing judgment matrix Bst of the schemelayer

B11

113

315

15

3 1 5 3 1

13

15

117

17

515

7 1 1

5 1 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B21

113

315

15

3 1 5 113

13

15

113

13

5 1 7 1 1

5 3 3 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B31

113

515

15

3 1 3 1 13

15

13

115

17

5 1 5 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Target layer Selection of innovation scheme for hand-held rotary tiller

Criterionlayer

B1Harmonious

B2Dynamic

B3Safety

B4Comfortable

B5Practical

B6Individual

Schemelayer

C1Scheme 1

C2Scheme 2

C3Scheme 3

C1Scheme 1

C5Scheme 5

Figure 10 Hierarchical model of the hand-held rotary tiller

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 13

B41

113

315

13

3 1 515

13

13

15

115

15

5 5 5 1 3

3 3 513

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B12

113

15

15

15

3 1 3 5 1

15

13

115

17

515

5 1 1

5 1 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B22

113

513

13

3 1 3 1 115

13

115

15

3 1 5 113

3 1 5 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B32

113

515

15

3 1 313

13

15

13

117

17

5 3 7 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B42

113

515

17

3 1 313

13

15

13

115

15

5 3 5 1 1

7 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B13

115

13

17

15

5 1 3 113

313

113

17

7 1 3 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B23

113

113

15

3 1 313

13

113

115

17

3 3 5 113

5 3 5 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B33

113

315

17

3 1 313

15

13

13

117

17

5 5 3 113

7 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B43

113

113

15

3 1 315

15

113

115

15

315

5 1 1

5 5 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B14

113

13

15

15

3 1 113

15

1 1 113

17

5 3 3 113

5 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

14 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

B24

113

315

15

3 1 313

13

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 1 3

5 3 713

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B34

113

517

15

3 1 515

13

15

15

117

15

7 5 7 1 1

5 3 3 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B44

113

315

15

3 1 313

13

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 1 1

5 3 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B15

113

13

17

17

3 1 115

13

3 1 113

15

7 5 3 1 1

7 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B25 5

113

315

17

3 1 313

15

13

15

117

17

5 3 7 113

7 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B35

113

313

15

3 1 113

15

1 1 117

17

3 3 7 1 1

5 5 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B45

113

315

17

3 1 113

15

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 113

7 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B16

113

315

15

3 1 5 113

13

15

117

15

5 1 7 1 1

5 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B26

113

313

15

3 1 713

13

15

17

115

17

3 3 5 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B36

113

315

15

3 1 513

15

13

15

113

17

5 3 3 113

5 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 15

B46

113

515

17

3 1 513

15

15

15

115

17

5 3 5 1 1

7 5 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

(6)

332 Hierarchical Sequencing and Consistency Verification0e maximum eigenvalue λmax 65433 of the judgmentmatrix A11 was obtained by calculation and it was normalizedto ω(2)

11 (00608 00348 03419 01597 03419 00608) 0esix elements of the criterion layer are harmony dynamicssafety comfort practicality and individuality Consistency testis to test the coordination of the importance of each elementCI value of less than 1 indicates that consistency of thejudgmentmatrix is passed and the results are listed in Table 12

0e element bstij in the judgment matrix Bst is the comparisonmeasure of the superiority ofPt to C in the scheme layer (hand-held rotary tiller) 0e weight ω(3)

1t the maximum eigenvalueλmax and the consistency index CI1t were calculated from thecomparison judgment matrix B1t of the third layer and theresults are listed in Table 130e average of the total ranking ofthe scheme layers is shown in Table 14

After calculation the weight coefficient P of the 4 sampleschemes and a new conceptual design scheme of the targetlayer was obtained P1(C1) 007 P2(C2) 014 P3(C3)

006 P4(C4) 030 and P5(C5) 043 where Pt(C1) is theweight coefficient of sample 1 and so on 0erefore theinnovative conceptual design scheme was selected from thefive schemes because the weight coefficient of the conceptualdesign scheme P5(C5) was the largest one 043 0ismethod is effective and feasible for the innovative design ofagricultural machinery

4 Discussion

In order to improve the comprehensive quality of functionalproducts and meet the needs of users for product

Table 13 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotary tiller

B11ndashC B12ndashC B13ndashC B14ndashC B15ndashC B16ndashC Expert 1ω(3)1t 00815 00497 00417 00496 00434 00796

03322 03482 02016 01062 01063 0209100414 00465 00795 00797 01063 0043302290 02244 02156 02518 03720 0308603159 03312 04616 05127 03720 03594

λmax 52876 53691 52469 50252 50939 52194CI 00719 00923 00617 00063 00235 00548CR 00642 00824 00551 00056 00210 00490 Accept

B21ndashC B22ndashC B23ndashC B24ndashC B25ndashC B26ndashC Expert 2ω(3)2t 00856 01172 00712 00749 00658 00927

02247 02547 01524 01425 01209 0170500611 00502 00643 00422 00396 0034702799 02265 02619 04503 02726 0247303487 03515 04502 02902 05012 04547

λmax 54208 53773 52144 52785 52742 54268CI 01052 00943 00536 00696 00685 01067CR 00939 00842 00479 00622 00612 00935 Accept

B31ndashC B32ndashC B33ndashC B34ndashC B35ndashC B36ndashC Expert 3ω(3)3t 00855 00826 00669 00758 00692 00744

01832 01419 01231 01393 01074 0141600420 00379 00403 00359 00680 0044802247 02890 02595 04186 03393 0243404646 04485 05102 03304 04162 04957

λmax 53965 54257 53429 54404 52374 54451CI 00991 01064 00857 01101 00594 01113CR 00885 00950 00765 00983 00530 00994 Accept

B41ndashC B42ndashC B43ndashC B44ndashC B45ndashC B46ndashC Expert 4ω(3)4t 00846 00805 00697 00762 00658 00758

01454 01480 01216 01450 01209 0139300444 00452 00629 00429 00396 0035904757 03509 03538 03679 02726 0330402499 03754 03919 03679 05012 04186

λmax 54118 54301 52748 51295 52742 54404CI 01029 01075 00687 00324 00684 01101CR 00919 00960 00613 00289 00612 00983 Accept

16 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

personalization this paper puts forward the improvementexplanation of appearance and function and obtains the in-novative design scheme by introducing KE and TRIZ0eAHPwas used to evaluate the innovative design scheme Combiningwith the design of hand-held rotary tiller the correspondinginnovative design scheme was obtained and the design processwas attempted to be extended to other products 0e maincontent of the literature study [8 25 26] focused on the userrequirements mining or conceptual design stage and the re-searchers have not studied the application of detailed designstage and the subsequent evaluation of innovative design 0ispaper establishes an innovative design model from user needsmining conceptual design detailed design computer-aideddesign and scheme evaluation which is convenient for de-signers to design and develop products and also has a goodreference for innovative design of other products

However because the main research content of thispaper focuses on innovative design process the research onthe evaluation system of the scheme is insufficient In thefollowing work designers can introduce other design the-ories and methods to combine with existing research inorder to improve the process of innovative design

5 Conclusions

In order to improve the comprehensive quality of agricul-tural machinery products based on functional technologyand meet the needs of users the innovation design model ofagricultural machinery products based on KE-TRIZ wasconstructed

Firstly the designer used SD method and PCA methodto quantify and reduce the dimension of affective intentionwords aiming to select comprehensive variables repre-senting the needs of users Secondly by constructing a KE-TRIZ innovative design model the product appearance andfunction were innovatively designed and the contradictionbetween product appearance and function was analyzed tomake it well matched 0en taking the innovative design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as an example the applicationflow was described and the typical samples and designscheme were evaluated by the AHP which shows that themethod has obvious improvement in function and ap-pearance 0e KE-TRIZ method enables designers to designproducts more in line with the actual needs of users which iseffective and feasible for the innovative design of agriculturalmachinery

0e follow-up work is to further explore the integrationof technology cost and other multi-objective-driven in-novative designs of agricultural machinery products in orderto improve the applicability and integrity of the method

Data Availability

All data generated and analyzed during this study are in-cluded within the article

Conflicts of Interest

0e authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest

Authorsrsquo Contributions

Jian-wei Wang conceived and designed the study Jian-minZhang completed the design evaluation Jian-wei Wangcompleted product modeling Jian-min Zhang revised andpolished the manuscript All authors have read and ap-proved the final manuscript All authors contributed equallyto this work

Acknowledgments

0is work was supported by the Guizhou Natural ScienceFund Project (Guizhou Technology Cooperation SupportProgram (2017)1047) the Guizhou Science and TechnologyMajor Project (LH(2014)7629 LH(2016)7432 and LH(2017)7232) and the Academic New Seedling Cultivation andInnovation Exploration Specialization of Guizhou Univer-sity (Guizhou Platform Talents (2017)5788)

References

[1] G Q Yao C Q Xue and H Y Wang ldquoDesign method forcoach styling design based on image cognitionrdquo Journal ofSoutheast University Natural Science Edition vol 46 no 6pp 1198ndash1203 2016

[2] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei Engineering a new ergonomicconsumer-oriented technology for product developmentrdquoInternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 15 no 1pp 3ndash11 1995

[3] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei engineering as a powerful consumer-orientied technology for product developmentrdquo Applied Er-gonomics vol 33 no 3 pp 289ndash294 2002

[4] C E GolnooshRasoulifar and P Guy ldquoCommunicatingconsumer needs in the design process of branded productsrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015

[5] Y T Fu and S J Luo ldquoStyle perception-oriented productfamily shape gene designrdquo Comtuter IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 18 no 3 pp 449ndash457 2012

[6] L N Abdala R B Fernandes A Ogliari M Lower andJ Feldhusen ldquoCreative contributions of the methods of in-ventive principles of TRIZ and BioTRIZ to problem solvingrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 139 no 8 2017

[7] S Kim and B Yoon ldquoDeveloping a process of conceptgeneration for new product-service systems a QFD and

Table 14 Overall ranking result and average value of the third layer

Scheme Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 Scheme 5Expert 1 0048558458 0167268103 0083016534 0281635216 0419521689Expert 2 0072929489 0148099162 0051450184 0288521951 0438999215Expert 3 0070614603 0123757406 0050002922 0302460164 0453164905Expert 4 0070748371 0127513198 0049909632 0335077088 041675171Average value 006571273 0141659467 0058594818 0301923605 043210938

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 17

TRIZ-based approachrdquo Service Business vol 6 no 3pp 323ndash348 2012

[8] R H Tan R H Zhang F Liu and B J Yang ldquoTwo stagesanalogy-based conceptual design based on TRIZrdquo ComputerIntergrated Manufacturing Systems vol 12 no 3 pp 328ndash334 2006

[9] X Z Liu G N Qi J Z Fu B B Fan and J Xu ldquoA designprocess model of intergrated morphlolgical matrix andconflict resolving principlesrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 46 no 12 pp 2243ndash2258 2012

[10] Y H Cohen Y Reich and S Greenberg ldquoBiomineticsstructure-function patterns approachrdquo Journal of MechanicalDesign vol 136 no 11 2014

[11] L L Sun and F S Kong ldquoVisual comfort design of automobileseat based on Kansei engineering and TRIZ theoryrdquo Journal ofJinlin University Engineering and Technology Edition vol 44no 1 pp 106ndash110 2014

[12] W Chen C S Carolyn and Y Bernard ldquoSpecial issue userneeds and preferences in engineering designrdquo Journal ofMechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015

[13] Y X Huang C-H Chen and L P Khoo ldquoProducts clas-sification in emotional design using a basic-emotion basedsemantic differential methodrdquo International Journal of In-dustrial Ergonomics vol 42 no 6 pp 569ndash580 2012

[14] W Lu and J-F Petiot ldquoAffective design of products using anaudio-based protocol application to eyeglass framerdquo In-ternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 44 no 3pp 383ndash394 2014

[15] V Chulvi M C Gonzalez-Cruz E Mulet and J Aguilar-Zambrano ldquoInfluence of the type of idea-generation methodon the creativity of solutionsrdquo Research in Engineering Designvol 24 no 1 pp 33ndash41 2013

[16] B Mannan and Abid Haleem ldquoUnderstanding major di-mensions and determinants that help in diffusion amp adoptionof product innovation using AHP approachrdquo Journal ofGlobal Entrepreneurship Research vol 7 no 1 pp 1ndash24 2017

[17] T Wang and M R Liu ldquoApplication of QFD and AHP inrailway freight transportationrdquo Computer IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 24 no 1 pp 264ndash271 2018

[18] H-N Hsish J F Chen and Q H Du ldquoApplying TRIZ andfuzzy AHP based on lean production to develop an innovativedesign of a new shape for machine toolsrdquo Information vol 6no 1 pp 89ndash110 2015

[19] L-C Chen and L Lin ldquoOptimization of product configu-ration design using functional requirements and constraintsrdquoResearch in Engineering Design vol 13 no 3 pp 167ndash1822002

[20] Y Li M-D Shieh C-C Yang and L Zhu ldquoApplication offuzzy-based hybrid taguchi method for multiobjective opti-mization of product form designrdquo Mathematical Problems inEngineering vol 2018 Article ID 9091514 18 pages 2018

[21] Y Q Xu K Chen H B Qin and Z Y Wang ldquoStudy on theapplication of Kansei engineering in product form designrdquoApplied Mechanics and Materials vol 274 pp 513ndash516 2013

[22] S Hede P V Ferreira M N Lopes and L A Rocha ldquoTRIZand the paradigms of social sustainability in product devel-opment endeavorsrdquo Procedia Engineering vol 131 pp 522ndash538 2015

[23] Z Liu D Hu Y Gao et al ldquoTRIZ based revised design fordisassembly of joint structurerdquo Journal of Mechanical Engi-neering vol 48 no 11 pp 65ndash71 2012

[24] X Ji X J Gu F Dai et al ldquoBioTRIZ-based product in-novative design processrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 48 no 1 pp 35ndash41 2014

[25] X L Li W Zhao Y K Zheng R Wang and C WangldquoInnovative product design based on comprehensive cus-tomer requirements of different cognitive levelsrdquo lte Sci-entific World Journal vol 2014 Article ID 627093 11 pages2014

[26] G D Zhai Z H Liang and M Y Li ldquoStudy on the Opti-mization model of a flexible transmissionrdquo MathematicalProblems in Engineering vol 2019 Article ID 508457312 pages 2019

18 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Applied MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Probability and StatisticsHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical PhysicsAdvances in

Complex AnalysisJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

OptimizationJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Engineering Mathematics

International Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Operations ResearchAdvances in

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Function SpacesAbstract and Applied AnalysisHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2013Hindawiwwwhindawicom

The Scientific World Journal

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018Volume 2018

Numerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisAdvances inAdvances in Discrete Dynamics in

Nature and SocietyHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom

Dierential EquationsInternational Journal of

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Decision SciencesAdvances in

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

AnalysisInternational Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Stochastic AnalysisInternational Journal of

Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom

Page 12: Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of ...downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2019/8179851.pdf · ResearchArticle Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of Agricultural

Chassis Motor

Rotary bladeWheel

Gearing

Handle

Wire Pressure sensors

Hand connecting rod

Monochip computers

Height adjustable

Replacement of blade

Figure 5 Functional system diagram of the hand-held rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Figure 6 Iterative design of front face pattern of the rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c)

Figure 7 Conceptual design scheme of the hand-held rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Figure 8 Color series of the hand-held rotary tiller

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Figure 9 Typical sample schemes and conceptual design scheme (a) Scheme 1 (b) Scheme 2 (c) Scheme 3 (d) Scheme 4 (e) Scheme 5

12 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

A21

1 317

13

17

1

13

115

13

15

13

7 5 1 5 1 7

3 315

113

5

7 5 1 3 1 3

1 317

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

A31

1 115

13

15

1

1 115

115

13

5 5 1 5 1 5

3 115

115

5

5 5 1 5 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

A41

1 317

13

15

1

13

115

13

15

13

7 5 1 5 1 5

3 315

113

5

5 5 1 3 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

(5)

(2) Constructing judgment matrix Bst of the schemelayer

B11

113

315

15

3 1 5 3 1

13

15

117

17

515

7 1 1

5 1 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B21

113

315

15

3 1 5 113

13

15

113

13

5 1 7 1 1

5 3 3 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B31

113

515

15

3 1 3 1 13

15

13

115

17

5 1 5 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Target layer Selection of innovation scheme for hand-held rotary tiller

Criterionlayer

B1Harmonious

B2Dynamic

B3Safety

B4Comfortable

B5Practical

B6Individual

Schemelayer

C1Scheme 1

C2Scheme 2

C3Scheme 3

C1Scheme 1

C5Scheme 5

Figure 10 Hierarchical model of the hand-held rotary tiller

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 13

B41

113

315

13

3 1 515

13

13

15

115

15

5 5 5 1 3

3 3 513

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B12

113

15

15

15

3 1 3 5 1

15

13

115

17

515

5 1 1

5 1 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B22

113

513

13

3 1 3 1 115

13

115

15

3 1 5 113

3 1 5 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B32

113

515

15

3 1 313

13

15

13

117

17

5 3 7 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B42

113

515

17

3 1 313

13

15

13

115

15

5 3 5 1 1

7 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B13

115

13

17

15

5 1 3 113

313

113

17

7 1 3 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B23

113

113

15

3 1 313

13

113

115

17

3 3 5 113

5 3 5 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B33

113

315

17

3 1 313

15

13

13

117

17

5 5 3 113

7 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B43

113

113

15

3 1 315

15

113

115

15

315

5 1 1

5 5 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B14

113

13

15

15

3 1 113

15

1 1 113

17

5 3 3 113

5 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

14 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

B24

113

315

15

3 1 313

13

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 1 3

5 3 713

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B34

113

517

15

3 1 515

13

15

15

117

15

7 5 7 1 1

5 3 3 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B44

113

315

15

3 1 313

13

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 1 1

5 3 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B15

113

13

17

17

3 1 115

13

3 1 113

15

7 5 3 1 1

7 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B25 5

113

315

17

3 1 313

15

13

15

117

17

5 3 7 113

7 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B35

113

313

15

3 1 113

15

1 1 117

17

3 3 7 1 1

5 5 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B45

113

315

17

3 1 113

15

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 113

7 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B16

113

315

15

3 1 5 113

13

15

117

15

5 1 7 1 1

5 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B26

113

313

15

3 1 713

13

15

17

115

17

3 3 5 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B36

113

315

15

3 1 513

15

13

15

113

17

5 3 3 113

5 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 15

B46

113

515

17

3 1 513

15

15

15

115

17

5 3 5 1 1

7 5 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

(6)

332 Hierarchical Sequencing and Consistency Verification0e maximum eigenvalue λmax 65433 of the judgmentmatrix A11 was obtained by calculation and it was normalizedto ω(2)

11 (00608 00348 03419 01597 03419 00608) 0esix elements of the criterion layer are harmony dynamicssafety comfort practicality and individuality Consistency testis to test the coordination of the importance of each elementCI value of less than 1 indicates that consistency of thejudgmentmatrix is passed and the results are listed in Table 12

0e element bstij in the judgment matrix Bst is the comparisonmeasure of the superiority ofPt to C in the scheme layer (hand-held rotary tiller) 0e weight ω(3)

1t the maximum eigenvalueλmax and the consistency index CI1t were calculated from thecomparison judgment matrix B1t of the third layer and theresults are listed in Table 130e average of the total ranking ofthe scheme layers is shown in Table 14

After calculation the weight coefficient P of the 4 sampleschemes and a new conceptual design scheme of the targetlayer was obtained P1(C1) 007 P2(C2) 014 P3(C3)

006 P4(C4) 030 and P5(C5) 043 where Pt(C1) is theweight coefficient of sample 1 and so on 0erefore theinnovative conceptual design scheme was selected from thefive schemes because the weight coefficient of the conceptualdesign scheme P5(C5) was the largest one 043 0ismethod is effective and feasible for the innovative design ofagricultural machinery

4 Discussion

In order to improve the comprehensive quality of functionalproducts and meet the needs of users for product

Table 13 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotary tiller

B11ndashC B12ndashC B13ndashC B14ndashC B15ndashC B16ndashC Expert 1ω(3)1t 00815 00497 00417 00496 00434 00796

03322 03482 02016 01062 01063 0209100414 00465 00795 00797 01063 0043302290 02244 02156 02518 03720 0308603159 03312 04616 05127 03720 03594

λmax 52876 53691 52469 50252 50939 52194CI 00719 00923 00617 00063 00235 00548CR 00642 00824 00551 00056 00210 00490 Accept

B21ndashC B22ndashC B23ndashC B24ndashC B25ndashC B26ndashC Expert 2ω(3)2t 00856 01172 00712 00749 00658 00927

02247 02547 01524 01425 01209 0170500611 00502 00643 00422 00396 0034702799 02265 02619 04503 02726 0247303487 03515 04502 02902 05012 04547

λmax 54208 53773 52144 52785 52742 54268CI 01052 00943 00536 00696 00685 01067CR 00939 00842 00479 00622 00612 00935 Accept

B31ndashC B32ndashC B33ndashC B34ndashC B35ndashC B36ndashC Expert 3ω(3)3t 00855 00826 00669 00758 00692 00744

01832 01419 01231 01393 01074 0141600420 00379 00403 00359 00680 0044802247 02890 02595 04186 03393 0243404646 04485 05102 03304 04162 04957

λmax 53965 54257 53429 54404 52374 54451CI 00991 01064 00857 01101 00594 01113CR 00885 00950 00765 00983 00530 00994 Accept

B41ndashC B42ndashC B43ndashC B44ndashC B45ndashC B46ndashC Expert 4ω(3)4t 00846 00805 00697 00762 00658 00758

01454 01480 01216 01450 01209 0139300444 00452 00629 00429 00396 0035904757 03509 03538 03679 02726 0330402499 03754 03919 03679 05012 04186

λmax 54118 54301 52748 51295 52742 54404CI 01029 01075 00687 00324 00684 01101CR 00919 00960 00613 00289 00612 00983 Accept

16 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

personalization this paper puts forward the improvementexplanation of appearance and function and obtains the in-novative design scheme by introducing KE and TRIZ0eAHPwas used to evaluate the innovative design scheme Combiningwith the design of hand-held rotary tiller the correspondinginnovative design scheme was obtained and the design processwas attempted to be extended to other products 0e maincontent of the literature study [8 25 26] focused on the userrequirements mining or conceptual design stage and the re-searchers have not studied the application of detailed designstage and the subsequent evaluation of innovative design 0ispaper establishes an innovative design model from user needsmining conceptual design detailed design computer-aideddesign and scheme evaluation which is convenient for de-signers to design and develop products and also has a goodreference for innovative design of other products

However because the main research content of thispaper focuses on innovative design process the research onthe evaluation system of the scheme is insufficient In thefollowing work designers can introduce other design the-ories and methods to combine with existing research inorder to improve the process of innovative design

5 Conclusions

In order to improve the comprehensive quality of agricul-tural machinery products based on functional technologyand meet the needs of users the innovation design model ofagricultural machinery products based on KE-TRIZ wasconstructed

Firstly the designer used SD method and PCA methodto quantify and reduce the dimension of affective intentionwords aiming to select comprehensive variables repre-senting the needs of users Secondly by constructing a KE-TRIZ innovative design model the product appearance andfunction were innovatively designed and the contradictionbetween product appearance and function was analyzed tomake it well matched 0en taking the innovative design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as an example the applicationflow was described and the typical samples and designscheme were evaluated by the AHP which shows that themethod has obvious improvement in function and ap-pearance 0e KE-TRIZ method enables designers to designproducts more in line with the actual needs of users which iseffective and feasible for the innovative design of agriculturalmachinery

0e follow-up work is to further explore the integrationof technology cost and other multi-objective-driven in-novative designs of agricultural machinery products in orderto improve the applicability and integrity of the method

Data Availability

All data generated and analyzed during this study are in-cluded within the article

Conflicts of Interest

0e authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest

Authorsrsquo Contributions

Jian-wei Wang conceived and designed the study Jian-minZhang completed the design evaluation Jian-wei Wangcompleted product modeling Jian-min Zhang revised andpolished the manuscript All authors have read and ap-proved the final manuscript All authors contributed equallyto this work

Acknowledgments

0is work was supported by the Guizhou Natural ScienceFund Project (Guizhou Technology Cooperation SupportProgram (2017)1047) the Guizhou Science and TechnologyMajor Project (LH(2014)7629 LH(2016)7432 and LH(2017)7232) and the Academic New Seedling Cultivation andInnovation Exploration Specialization of Guizhou Univer-sity (Guizhou Platform Talents (2017)5788)

References

[1] G Q Yao C Q Xue and H Y Wang ldquoDesign method forcoach styling design based on image cognitionrdquo Journal ofSoutheast University Natural Science Edition vol 46 no 6pp 1198ndash1203 2016

[2] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei Engineering a new ergonomicconsumer-oriented technology for product developmentrdquoInternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 15 no 1pp 3ndash11 1995

[3] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei engineering as a powerful consumer-orientied technology for product developmentrdquo Applied Er-gonomics vol 33 no 3 pp 289ndash294 2002

[4] C E GolnooshRasoulifar and P Guy ldquoCommunicatingconsumer needs in the design process of branded productsrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015

[5] Y T Fu and S J Luo ldquoStyle perception-oriented productfamily shape gene designrdquo Comtuter IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 18 no 3 pp 449ndash457 2012

[6] L N Abdala R B Fernandes A Ogliari M Lower andJ Feldhusen ldquoCreative contributions of the methods of in-ventive principles of TRIZ and BioTRIZ to problem solvingrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 139 no 8 2017

[7] S Kim and B Yoon ldquoDeveloping a process of conceptgeneration for new product-service systems a QFD and

Table 14 Overall ranking result and average value of the third layer

Scheme Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 Scheme 5Expert 1 0048558458 0167268103 0083016534 0281635216 0419521689Expert 2 0072929489 0148099162 0051450184 0288521951 0438999215Expert 3 0070614603 0123757406 0050002922 0302460164 0453164905Expert 4 0070748371 0127513198 0049909632 0335077088 041675171Average value 006571273 0141659467 0058594818 0301923605 043210938

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 17

TRIZ-based approachrdquo Service Business vol 6 no 3pp 323ndash348 2012

[8] R H Tan R H Zhang F Liu and B J Yang ldquoTwo stagesanalogy-based conceptual design based on TRIZrdquo ComputerIntergrated Manufacturing Systems vol 12 no 3 pp 328ndash334 2006

[9] X Z Liu G N Qi J Z Fu B B Fan and J Xu ldquoA designprocess model of intergrated morphlolgical matrix andconflict resolving principlesrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 46 no 12 pp 2243ndash2258 2012

[10] Y H Cohen Y Reich and S Greenberg ldquoBiomineticsstructure-function patterns approachrdquo Journal of MechanicalDesign vol 136 no 11 2014

[11] L L Sun and F S Kong ldquoVisual comfort design of automobileseat based on Kansei engineering and TRIZ theoryrdquo Journal ofJinlin University Engineering and Technology Edition vol 44no 1 pp 106ndash110 2014

[12] W Chen C S Carolyn and Y Bernard ldquoSpecial issue userneeds and preferences in engineering designrdquo Journal ofMechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015

[13] Y X Huang C-H Chen and L P Khoo ldquoProducts clas-sification in emotional design using a basic-emotion basedsemantic differential methodrdquo International Journal of In-dustrial Ergonomics vol 42 no 6 pp 569ndash580 2012

[14] W Lu and J-F Petiot ldquoAffective design of products using anaudio-based protocol application to eyeglass framerdquo In-ternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 44 no 3pp 383ndash394 2014

[15] V Chulvi M C Gonzalez-Cruz E Mulet and J Aguilar-Zambrano ldquoInfluence of the type of idea-generation methodon the creativity of solutionsrdquo Research in Engineering Designvol 24 no 1 pp 33ndash41 2013

[16] B Mannan and Abid Haleem ldquoUnderstanding major di-mensions and determinants that help in diffusion amp adoptionof product innovation using AHP approachrdquo Journal ofGlobal Entrepreneurship Research vol 7 no 1 pp 1ndash24 2017

[17] T Wang and M R Liu ldquoApplication of QFD and AHP inrailway freight transportationrdquo Computer IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 24 no 1 pp 264ndash271 2018

[18] H-N Hsish J F Chen and Q H Du ldquoApplying TRIZ andfuzzy AHP based on lean production to develop an innovativedesign of a new shape for machine toolsrdquo Information vol 6no 1 pp 89ndash110 2015

[19] L-C Chen and L Lin ldquoOptimization of product configu-ration design using functional requirements and constraintsrdquoResearch in Engineering Design vol 13 no 3 pp 167ndash1822002

[20] Y Li M-D Shieh C-C Yang and L Zhu ldquoApplication offuzzy-based hybrid taguchi method for multiobjective opti-mization of product form designrdquo Mathematical Problems inEngineering vol 2018 Article ID 9091514 18 pages 2018

[21] Y Q Xu K Chen H B Qin and Z Y Wang ldquoStudy on theapplication of Kansei engineering in product form designrdquoApplied Mechanics and Materials vol 274 pp 513ndash516 2013

[22] S Hede P V Ferreira M N Lopes and L A Rocha ldquoTRIZand the paradigms of social sustainability in product devel-opment endeavorsrdquo Procedia Engineering vol 131 pp 522ndash538 2015

[23] Z Liu D Hu Y Gao et al ldquoTRIZ based revised design fordisassembly of joint structurerdquo Journal of Mechanical Engi-neering vol 48 no 11 pp 65ndash71 2012

[24] X Ji X J Gu F Dai et al ldquoBioTRIZ-based product in-novative design processrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 48 no 1 pp 35ndash41 2014

[25] X L Li W Zhao Y K Zheng R Wang and C WangldquoInnovative product design based on comprehensive cus-tomer requirements of different cognitive levelsrdquo lte Sci-entific World Journal vol 2014 Article ID 627093 11 pages2014

[26] G D Zhai Z H Liang and M Y Li ldquoStudy on the Opti-mization model of a flexible transmissionrdquo MathematicalProblems in Engineering vol 2019 Article ID 508457312 pages 2019

18 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Applied MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Probability and StatisticsHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical PhysicsAdvances in

Complex AnalysisJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

OptimizationJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Engineering Mathematics

International Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Operations ResearchAdvances in

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Function SpacesAbstract and Applied AnalysisHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2013Hindawiwwwhindawicom

The Scientific World Journal

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018Volume 2018

Numerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisAdvances inAdvances in Discrete Dynamics in

Nature and SocietyHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom

Dierential EquationsInternational Journal of

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Decision SciencesAdvances in

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

AnalysisInternational Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Stochastic AnalysisInternational Journal of

Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom

Page 13: Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of ...downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2019/8179851.pdf · ResearchArticle Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of Agricultural

A21

1 317

13

17

1

13

115

13

15

13

7 5 1 5 1 7

3 315

113

5

7 5 1 3 1 3

1 317

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

A31

1 115

13

15

1

1 115

115

13

5 5 1 5 1 5

3 115

115

5

5 5 1 5 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

A41

1 317

13

15

1

13

115

13

15

13

7 5 1 5 1 5

3 315

113

5

5 5 1 3 1 3

1 315

15

13

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

(5)

(2) Constructing judgment matrix Bst of the schemelayer

B11

113

315

15

3 1 5 3 1

13

15

117

17

515

7 1 1

5 1 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B21

113

315

15

3 1 5 113

13

15

113

13

5 1 7 1 1

5 3 3 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B31

113

515

15

3 1 3 1 13

15

13

115

17

5 1 5 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Target layer Selection of innovation scheme for hand-held rotary tiller

Criterionlayer

B1Harmonious

B2Dynamic

B3Safety

B4Comfortable

B5Practical

B6Individual

Schemelayer

C1Scheme 1

C2Scheme 2

C3Scheme 3

C1Scheme 1

C5Scheme 5

Figure 10 Hierarchical model of the hand-held rotary tiller

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 13

B41

113

315

13

3 1 515

13

13

15

115

15

5 5 5 1 3

3 3 513

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B12

113

15

15

15

3 1 3 5 1

15

13

115

17

515

5 1 1

5 1 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B22

113

513

13

3 1 3 1 115

13

115

15

3 1 5 113

3 1 5 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B32

113

515

15

3 1 313

13

15

13

117

17

5 3 7 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B42

113

515

17

3 1 313

13

15

13

115

15

5 3 5 1 1

7 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B13

115

13

17

15

5 1 3 113

313

113

17

7 1 3 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B23

113

113

15

3 1 313

13

113

115

17

3 3 5 113

5 3 5 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B33

113

315

17

3 1 313

15

13

13

117

17

5 5 3 113

7 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B43

113

113

15

3 1 315

15

113

115

15

315

5 1 1

5 5 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B14

113

13

15

15

3 1 113

15

1 1 113

17

5 3 3 113

5 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

14 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

B24

113

315

15

3 1 313

13

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 1 3

5 3 713

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B34

113

517

15

3 1 515

13

15

15

117

15

7 5 7 1 1

5 3 3 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B44

113

315

15

3 1 313

13

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 1 1

5 3 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B15

113

13

17

17

3 1 115

13

3 1 113

15

7 5 3 1 1

7 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B25 5

113

315

17

3 1 313

15

13

15

117

17

5 3 7 113

7 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B35

113

313

15

3 1 113

15

1 1 117

17

3 3 7 1 1

5 5 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B45

113

315

17

3 1 113

15

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 113

7 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B16

113

315

15

3 1 5 113

13

15

117

15

5 1 7 1 1

5 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B26

113

313

15

3 1 713

13

15

17

115

17

3 3 5 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B36

113

315

15

3 1 513

15

13

15

113

17

5 3 3 113

5 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 15

B46

113

515

17

3 1 513

15

15

15

115

17

5 3 5 1 1

7 5 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

(6)

332 Hierarchical Sequencing and Consistency Verification0e maximum eigenvalue λmax 65433 of the judgmentmatrix A11 was obtained by calculation and it was normalizedto ω(2)

11 (00608 00348 03419 01597 03419 00608) 0esix elements of the criterion layer are harmony dynamicssafety comfort practicality and individuality Consistency testis to test the coordination of the importance of each elementCI value of less than 1 indicates that consistency of thejudgmentmatrix is passed and the results are listed in Table 12

0e element bstij in the judgment matrix Bst is the comparisonmeasure of the superiority ofPt to C in the scheme layer (hand-held rotary tiller) 0e weight ω(3)

1t the maximum eigenvalueλmax and the consistency index CI1t were calculated from thecomparison judgment matrix B1t of the third layer and theresults are listed in Table 130e average of the total ranking ofthe scheme layers is shown in Table 14

After calculation the weight coefficient P of the 4 sampleschemes and a new conceptual design scheme of the targetlayer was obtained P1(C1) 007 P2(C2) 014 P3(C3)

006 P4(C4) 030 and P5(C5) 043 where Pt(C1) is theweight coefficient of sample 1 and so on 0erefore theinnovative conceptual design scheme was selected from thefive schemes because the weight coefficient of the conceptualdesign scheme P5(C5) was the largest one 043 0ismethod is effective and feasible for the innovative design ofagricultural machinery

4 Discussion

In order to improve the comprehensive quality of functionalproducts and meet the needs of users for product

Table 13 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotary tiller

B11ndashC B12ndashC B13ndashC B14ndashC B15ndashC B16ndashC Expert 1ω(3)1t 00815 00497 00417 00496 00434 00796

03322 03482 02016 01062 01063 0209100414 00465 00795 00797 01063 0043302290 02244 02156 02518 03720 0308603159 03312 04616 05127 03720 03594

λmax 52876 53691 52469 50252 50939 52194CI 00719 00923 00617 00063 00235 00548CR 00642 00824 00551 00056 00210 00490 Accept

B21ndashC B22ndashC B23ndashC B24ndashC B25ndashC B26ndashC Expert 2ω(3)2t 00856 01172 00712 00749 00658 00927

02247 02547 01524 01425 01209 0170500611 00502 00643 00422 00396 0034702799 02265 02619 04503 02726 0247303487 03515 04502 02902 05012 04547

λmax 54208 53773 52144 52785 52742 54268CI 01052 00943 00536 00696 00685 01067CR 00939 00842 00479 00622 00612 00935 Accept

B31ndashC B32ndashC B33ndashC B34ndashC B35ndashC B36ndashC Expert 3ω(3)3t 00855 00826 00669 00758 00692 00744

01832 01419 01231 01393 01074 0141600420 00379 00403 00359 00680 0044802247 02890 02595 04186 03393 0243404646 04485 05102 03304 04162 04957

λmax 53965 54257 53429 54404 52374 54451CI 00991 01064 00857 01101 00594 01113CR 00885 00950 00765 00983 00530 00994 Accept

B41ndashC B42ndashC B43ndashC B44ndashC B45ndashC B46ndashC Expert 4ω(3)4t 00846 00805 00697 00762 00658 00758

01454 01480 01216 01450 01209 0139300444 00452 00629 00429 00396 0035904757 03509 03538 03679 02726 0330402499 03754 03919 03679 05012 04186

λmax 54118 54301 52748 51295 52742 54404CI 01029 01075 00687 00324 00684 01101CR 00919 00960 00613 00289 00612 00983 Accept

16 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

personalization this paper puts forward the improvementexplanation of appearance and function and obtains the in-novative design scheme by introducing KE and TRIZ0eAHPwas used to evaluate the innovative design scheme Combiningwith the design of hand-held rotary tiller the correspondinginnovative design scheme was obtained and the design processwas attempted to be extended to other products 0e maincontent of the literature study [8 25 26] focused on the userrequirements mining or conceptual design stage and the re-searchers have not studied the application of detailed designstage and the subsequent evaluation of innovative design 0ispaper establishes an innovative design model from user needsmining conceptual design detailed design computer-aideddesign and scheme evaluation which is convenient for de-signers to design and develop products and also has a goodreference for innovative design of other products

However because the main research content of thispaper focuses on innovative design process the research onthe evaluation system of the scheme is insufficient In thefollowing work designers can introduce other design the-ories and methods to combine with existing research inorder to improve the process of innovative design

5 Conclusions

In order to improve the comprehensive quality of agricul-tural machinery products based on functional technologyand meet the needs of users the innovation design model ofagricultural machinery products based on KE-TRIZ wasconstructed

Firstly the designer used SD method and PCA methodto quantify and reduce the dimension of affective intentionwords aiming to select comprehensive variables repre-senting the needs of users Secondly by constructing a KE-TRIZ innovative design model the product appearance andfunction were innovatively designed and the contradictionbetween product appearance and function was analyzed tomake it well matched 0en taking the innovative design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as an example the applicationflow was described and the typical samples and designscheme were evaluated by the AHP which shows that themethod has obvious improvement in function and ap-pearance 0e KE-TRIZ method enables designers to designproducts more in line with the actual needs of users which iseffective and feasible for the innovative design of agriculturalmachinery

0e follow-up work is to further explore the integrationof technology cost and other multi-objective-driven in-novative designs of agricultural machinery products in orderto improve the applicability and integrity of the method

Data Availability

All data generated and analyzed during this study are in-cluded within the article

Conflicts of Interest

0e authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest

Authorsrsquo Contributions

Jian-wei Wang conceived and designed the study Jian-minZhang completed the design evaluation Jian-wei Wangcompleted product modeling Jian-min Zhang revised andpolished the manuscript All authors have read and ap-proved the final manuscript All authors contributed equallyto this work

Acknowledgments

0is work was supported by the Guizhou Natural ScienceFund Project (Guizhou Technology Cooperation SupportProgram (2017)1047) the Guizhou Science and TechnologyMajor Project (LH(2014)7629 LH(2016)7432 and LH(2017)7232) and the Academic New Seedling Cultivation andInnovation Exploration Specialization of Guizhou Univer-sity (Guizhou Platform Talents (2017)5788)

References

[1] G Q Yao C Q Xue and H Y Wang ldquoDesign method forcoach styling design based on image cognitionrdquo Journal ofSoutheast University Natural Science Edition vol 46 no 6pp 1198ndash1203 2016

[2] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei Engineering a new ergonomicconsumer-oriented technology for product developmentrdquoInternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 15 no 1pp 3ndash11 1995

[3] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei engineering as a powerful consumer-orientied technology for product developmentrdquo Applied Er-gonomics vol 33 no 3 pp 289ndash294 2002

[4] C E GolnooshRasoulifar and P Guy ldquoCommunicatingconsumer needs in the design process of branded productsrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015

[5] Y T Fu and S J Luo ldquoStyle perception-oriented productfamily shape gene designrdquo Comtuter IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 18 no 3 pp 449ndash457 2012

[6] L N Abdala R B Fernandes A Ogliari M Lower andJ Feldhusen ldquoCreative contributions of the methods of in-ventive principles of TRIZ and BioTRIZ to problem solvingrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 139 no 8 2017

[7] S Kim and B Yoon ldquoDeveloping a process of conceptgeneration for new product-service systems a QFD and

Table 14 Overall ranking result and average value of the third layer

Scheme Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 Scheme 5Expert 1 0048558458 0167268103 0083016534 0281635216 0419521689Expert 2 0072929489 0148099162 0051450184 0288521951 0438999215Expert 3 0070614603 0123757406 0050002922 0302460164 0453164905Expert 4 0070748371 0127513198 0049909632 0335077088 041675171Average value 006571273 0141659467 0058594818 0301923605 043210938

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 17

TRIZ-based approachrdquo Service Business vol 6 no 3pp 323ndash348 2012

[8] R H Tan R H Zhang F Liu and B J Yang ldquoTwo stagesanalogy-based conceptual design based on TRIZrdquo ComputerIntergrated Manufacturing Systems vol 12 no 3 pp 328ndash334 2006

[9] X Z Liu G N Qi J Z Fu B B Fan and J Xu ldquoA designprocess model of intergrated morphlolgical matrix andconflict resolving principlesrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 46 no 12 pp 2243ndash2258 2012

[10] Y H Cohen Y Reich and S Greenberg ldquoBiomineticsstructure-function patterns approachrdquo Journal of MechanicalDesign vol 136 no 11 2014

[11] L L Sun and F S Kong ldquoVisual comfort design of automobileseat based on Kansei engineering and TRIZ theoryrdquo Journal ofJinlin University Engineering and Technology Edition vol 44no 1 pp 106ndash110 2014

[12] W Chen C S Carolyn and Y Bernard ldquoSpecial issue userneeds and preferences in engineering designrdquo Journal ofMechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015

[13] Y X Huang C-H Chen and L P Khoo ldquoProducts clas-sification in emotional design using a basic-emotion basedsemantic differential methodrdquo International Journal of In-dustrial Ergonomics vol 42 no 6 pp 569ndash580 2012

[14] W Lu and J-F Petiot ldquoAffective design of products using anaudio-based protocol application to eyeglass framerdquo In-ternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 44 no 3pp 383ndash394 2014

[15] V Chulvi M C Gonzalez-Cruz E Mulet and J Aguilar-Zambrano ldquoInfluence of the type of idea-generation methodon the creativity of solutionsrdquo Research in Engineering Designvol 24 no 1 pp 33ndash41 2013

[16] B Mannan and Abid Haleem ldquoUnderstanding major di-mensions and determinants that help in diffusion amp adoptionof product innovation using AHP approachrdquo Journal ofGlobal Entrepreneurship Research vol 7 no 1 pp 1ndash24 2017

[17] T Wang and M R Liu ldquoApplication of QFD and AHP inrailway freight transportationrdquo Computer IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 24 no 1 pp 264ndash271 2018

[18] H-N Hsish J F Chen and Q H Du ldquoApplying TRIZ andfuzzy AHP based on lean production to develop an innovativedesign of a new shape for machine toolsrdquo Information vol 6no 1 pp 89ndash110 2015

[19] L-C Chen and L Lin ldquoOptimization of product configu-ration design using functional requirements and constraintsrdquoResearch in Engineering Design vol 13 no 3 pp 167ndash1822002

[20] Y Li M-D Shieh C-C Yang and L Zhu ldquoApplication offuzzy-based hybrid taguchi method for multiobjective opti-mization of product form designrdquo Mathematical Problems inEngineering vol 2018 Article ID 9091514 18 pages 2018

[21] Y Q Xu K Chen H B Qin and Z Y Wang ldquoStudy on theapplication of Kansei engineering in product form designrdquoApplied Mechanics and Materials vol 274 pp 513ndash516 2013

[22] S Hede P V Ferreira M N Lopes and L A Rocha ldquoTRIZand the paradigms of social sustainability in product devel-opment endeavorsrdquo Procedia Engineering vol 131 pp 522ndash538 2015

[23] Z Liu D Hu Y Gao et al ldquoTRIZ based revised design fordisassembly of joint structurerdquo Journal of Mechanical Engi-neering vol 48 no 11 pp 65ndash71 2012

[24] X Ji X J Gu F Dai et al ldquoBioTRIZ-based product in-novative design processrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 48 no 1 pp 35ndash41 2014

[25] X L Li W Zhao Y K Zheng R Wang and C WangldquoInnovative product design based on comprehensive cus-tomer requirements of different cognitive levelsrdquo lte Sci-entific World Journal vol 2014 Article ID 627093 11 pages2014

[26] G D Zhai Z H Liang and M Y Li ldquoStudy on the Opti-mization model of a flexible transmissionrdquo MathematicalProblems in Engineering vol 2019 Article ID 508457312 pages 2019

18 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Applied MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Probability and StatisticsHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical PhysicsAdvances in

Complex AnalysisJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

OptimizationJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Engineering Mathematics

International Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Operations ResearchAdvances in

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Function SpacesAbstract and Applied AnalysisHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2013Hindawiwwwhindawicom

The Scientific World Journal

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018Volume 2018

Numerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisAdvances inAdvances in Discrete Dynamics in

Nature and SocietyHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom

Dierential EquationsInternational Journal of

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Decision SciencesAdvances in

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

AnalysisInternational Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Stochastic AnalysisInternational Journal of

Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom

Page 14: Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of ...downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2019/8179851.pdf · ResearchArticle Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of Agricultural

B41

113

315

13

3 1 515

13

13

15

115

15

5 5 5 1 3

3 3 513

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B12

113

15

15

15

3 1 3 5 1

15

13

115

17

515

5 1 1

5 1 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B22

113

513

13

3 1 3 1 115

13

115

15

3 1 5 113

3 1 5 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B32

113

515

15

3 1 313

13

15

13

117

17

5 3 7 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B42

113

515

17

3 1 313

13

15

13

115

15

5 3 5 1 1

7 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B13

115

13

17

15

5 1 3 113

313

113

17

7 1 3 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B23

113

113

15

3 1 313

13

113

115

17

3 3 5 113

5 3 5 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B33

113

315

17

3 1 313

15

13

13

117

17

5 5 3 113

7 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B43

113

113

15

3 1 315

15

113

115

15

315

5 1 1

5 5 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B14

113

13

15

15

3 1 113

15

1 1 113

17

5 3 3 113

5 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

14 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

B24

113

315

15

3 1 313

13

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 1 3

5 3 713

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B34

113

517

15

3 1 515

13

15

15

117

15

7 5 7 1 1

5 3 3 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B44

113

315

15

3 1 313

13

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 1 1

5 3 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B15

113

13

17

17

3 1 115

13

3 1 113

15

7 5 3 1 1

7 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B25 5

113

315

17

3 1 313

15

13

15

117

17

5 3 7 113

7 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B35

113

313

15

3 1 113

15

1 1 117

17

3 3 7 1 1

5 5 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B45

113

315

17

3 1 113

15

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 113

7 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B16

113

315

15

3 1 5 113

13

15

117

15

5 1 7 1 1

5 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B26

113

313

15

3 1 713

13

15

17

115

17

3 3 5 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B36

113

315

15

3 1 513

15

13

15

113

17

5 3 3 113

5 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 15

B46

113

515

17

3 1 513

15

15

15

115

17

5 3 5 1 1

7 5 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

(6)

332 Hierarchical Sequencing and Consistency Verification0e maximum eigenvalue λmax 65433 of the judgmentmatrix A11 was obtained by calculation and it was normalizedto ω(2)

11 (00608 00348 03419 01597 03419 00608) 0esix elements of the criterion layer are harmony dynamicssafety comfort practicality and individuality Consistency testis to test the coordination of the importance of each elementCI value of less than 1 indicates that consistency of thejudgmentmatrix is passed and the results are listed in Table 12

0e element bstij in the judgment matrix Bst is the comparisonmeasure of the superiority ofPt to C in the scheme layer (hand-held rotary tiller) 0e weight ω(3)

1t the maximum eigenvalueλmax and the consistency index CI1t were calculated from thecomparison judgment matrix B1t of the third layer and theresults are listed in Table 130e average of the total ranking ofthe scheme layers is shown in Table 14

After calculation the weight coefficient P of the 4 sampleschemes and a new conceptual design scheme of the targetlayer was obtained P1(C1) 007 P2(C2) 014 P3(C3)

006 P4(C4) 030 and P5(C5) 043 where Pt(C1) is theweight coefficient of sample 1 and so on 0erefore theinnovative conceptual design scheme was selected from thefive schemes because the weight coefficient of the conceptualdesign scheme P5(C5) was the largest one 043 0ismethod is effective and feasible for the innovative design ofagricultural machinery

4 Discussion

In order to improve the comprehensive quality of functionalproducts and meet the needs of users for product

Table 13 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotary tiller

B11ndashC B12ndashC B13ndashC B14ndashC B15ndashC B16ndashC Expert 1ω(3)1t 00815 00497 00417 00496 00434 00796

03322 03482 02016 01062 01063 0209100414 00465 00795 00797 01063 0043302290 02244 02156 02518 03720 0308603159 03312 04616 05127 03720 03594

λmax 52876 53691 52469 50252 50939 52194CI 00719 00923 00617 00063 00235 00548CR 00642 00824 00551 00056 00210 00490 Accept

B21ndashC B22ndashC B23ndashC B24ndashC B25ndashC B26ndashC Expert 2ω(3)2t 00856 01172 00712 00749 00658 00927

02247 02547 01524 01425 01209 0170500611 00502 00643 00422 00396 0034702799 02265 02619 04503 02726 0247303487 03515 04502 02902 05012 04547

λmax 54208 53773 52144 52785 52742 54268CI 01052 00943 00536 00696 00685 01067CR 00939 00842 00479 00622 00612 00935 Accept

B31ndashC B32ndashC B33ndashC B34ndashC B35ndashC B36ndashC Expert 3ω(3)3t 00855 00826 00669 00758 00692 00744

01832 01419 01231 01393 01074 0141600420 00379 00403 00359 00680 0044802247 02890 02595 04186 03393 0243404646 04485 05102 03304 04162 04957

λmax 53965 54257 53429 54404 52374 54451CI 00991 01064 00857 01101 00594 01113CR 00885 00950 00765 00983 00530 00994 Accept

B41ndashC B42ndashC B43ndashC B44ndashC B45ndashC B46ndashC Expert 4ω(3)4t 00846 00805 00697 00762 00658 00758

01454 01480 01216 01450 01209 0139300444 00452 00629 00429 00396 0035904757 03509 03538 03679 02726 0330402499 03754 03919 03679 05012 04186

λmax 54118 54301 52748 51295 52742 54404CI 01029 01075 00687 00324 00684 01101CR 00919 00960 00613 00289 00612 00983 Accept

16 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

personalization this paper puts forward the improvementexplanation of appearance and function and obtains the in-novative design scheme by introducing KE and TRIZ0eAHPwas used to evaluate the innovative design scheme Combiningwith the design of hand-held rotary tiller the correspondinginnovative design scheme was obtained and the design processwas attempted to be extended to other products 0e maincontent of the literature study [8 25 26] focused on the userrequirements mining or conceptual design stage and the re-searchers have not studied the application of detailed designstage and the subsequent evaluation of innovative design 0ispaper establishes an innovative design model from user needsmining conceptual design detailed design computer-aideddesign and scheme evaluation which is convenient for de-signers to design and develop products and also has a goodreference for innovative design of other products

However because the main research content of thispaper focuses on innovative design process the research onthe evaluation system of the scheme is insufficient In thefollowing work designers can introduce other design the-ories and methods to combine with existing research inorder to improve the process of innovative design

5 Conclusions

In order to improve the comprehensive quality of agricul-tural machinery products based on functional technologyand meet the needs of users the innovation design model ofagricultural machinery products based on KE-TRIZ wasconstructed

Firstly the designer used SD method and PCA methodto quantify and reduce the dimension of affective intentionwords aiming to select comprehensive variables repre-senting the needs of users Secondly by constructing a KE-TRIZ innovative design model the product appearance andfunction were innovatively designed and the contradictionbetween product appearance and function was analyzed tomake it well matched 0en taking the innovative design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as an example the applicationflow was described and the typical samples and designscheme were evaluated by the AHP which shows that themethod has obvious improvement in function and ap-pearance 0e KE-TRIZ method enables designers to designproducts more in line with the actual needs of users which iseffective and feasible for the innovative design of agriculturalmachinery

0e follow-up work is to further explore the integrationof technology cost and other multi-objective-driven in-novative designs of agricultural machinery products in orderto improve the applicability and integrity of the method

Data Availability

All data generated and analyzed during this study are in-cluded within the article

Conflicts of Interest

0e authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest

Authorsrsquo Contributions

Jian-wei Wang conceived and designed the study Jian-minZhang completed the design evaluation Jian-wei Wangcompleted product modeling Jian-min Zhang revised andpolished the manuscript All authors have read and ap-proved the final manuscript All authors contributed equallyto this work

Acknowledgments

0is work was supported by the Guizhou Natural ScienceFund Project (Guizhou Technology Cooperation SupportProgram (2017)1047) the Guizhou Science and TechnologyMajor Project (LH(2014)7629 LH(2016)7432 and LH(2017)7232) and the Academic New Seedling Cultivation andInnovation Exploration Specialization of Guizhou Univer-sity (Guizhou Platform Talents (2017)5788)

References

[1] G Q Yao C Q Xue and H Y Wang ldquoDesign method forcoach styling design based on image cognitionrdquo Journal ofSoutheast University Natural Science Edition vol 46 no 6pp 1198ndash1203 2016

[2] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei Engineering a new ergonomicconsumer-oriented technology for product developmentrdquoInternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 15 no 1pp 3ndash11 1995

[3] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei engineering as a powerful consumer-orientied technology for product developmentrdquo Applied Er-gonomics vol 33 no 3 pp 289ndash294 2002

[4] C E GolnooshRasoulifar and P Guy ldquoCommunicatingconsumer needs in the design process of branded productsrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015

[5] Y T Fu and S J Luo ldquoStyle perception-oriented productfamily shape gene designrdquo Comtuter IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 18 no 3 pp 449ndash457 2012

[6] L N Abdala R B Fernandes A Ogliari M Lower andJ Feldhusen ldquoCreative contributions of the methods of in-ventive principles of TRIZ and BioTRIZ to problem solvingrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 139 no 8 2017

[7] S Kim and B Yoon ldquoDeveloping a process of conceptgeneration for new product-service systems a QFD and

Table 14 Overall ranking result and average value of the third layer

Scheme Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 Scheme 5Expert 1 0048558458 0167268103 0083016534 0281635216 0419521689Expert 2 0072929489 0148099162 0051450184 0288521951 0438999215Expert 3 0070614603 0123757406 0050002922 0302460164 0453164905Expert 4 0070748371 0127513198 0049909632 0335077088 041675171Average value 006571273 0141659467 0058594818 0301923605 043210938

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 17

TRIZ-based approachrdquo Service Business vol 6 no 3pp 323ndash348 2012

[8] R H Tan R H Zhang F Liu and B J Yang ldquoTwo stagesanalogy-based conceptual design based on TRIZrdquo ComputerIntergrated Manufacturing Systems vol 12 no 3 pp 328ndash334 2006

[9] X Z Liu G N Qi J Z Fu B B Fan and J Xu ldquoA designprocess model of intergrated morphlolgical matrix andconflict resolving principlesrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 46 no 12 pp 2243ndash2258 2012

[10] Y H Cohen Y Reich and S Greenberg ldquoBiomineticsstructure-function patterns approachrdquo Journal of MechanicalDesign vol 136 no 11 2014

[11] L L Sun and F S Kong ldquoVisual comfort design of automobileseat based on Kansei engineering and TRIZ theoryrdquo Journal ofJinlin University Engineering and Technology Edition vol 44no 1 pp 106ndash110 2014

[12] W Chen C S Carolyn and Y Bernard ldquoSpecial issue userneeds and preferences in engineering designrdquo Journal ofMechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015

[13] Y X Huang C-H Chen and L P Khoo ldquoProducts clas-sification in emotional design using a basic-emotion basedsemantic differential methodrdquo International Journal of In-dustrial Ergonomics vol 42 no 6 pp 569ndash580 2012

[14] W Lu and J-F Petiot ldquoAffective design of products using anaudio-based protocol application to eyeglass framerdquo In-ternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 44 no 3pp 383ndash394 2014

[15] V Chulvi M C Gonzalez-Cruz E Mulet and J Aguilar-Zambrano ldquoInfluence of the type of idea-generation methodon the creativity of solutionsrdquo Research in Engineering Designvol 24 no 1 pp 33ndash41 2013

[16] B Mannan and Abid Haleem ldquoUnderstanding major di-mensions and determinants that help in diffusion amp adoptionof product innovation using AHP approachrdquo Journal ofGlobal Entrepreneurship Research vol 7 no 1 pp 1ndash24 2017

[17] T Wang and M R Liu ldquoApplication of QFD and AHP inrailway freight transportationrdquo Computer IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 24 no 1 pp 264ndash271 2018

[18] H-N Hsish J F Chen and Q H Du ldquoApplying TRIZ andfuzzy AHP based on lean production to develop an innovativedesign of a new shape for machine toolsrdquo Information vol 6no 1 pp 89ndash110 2015

[19] L-C Chen and L Lin ldquoOptimization of product configu-ration design using functional requirements and constraintsrdquoResearch in Engineering Design vol 13 no 3 pp 167ndash1822002

[20] Y Li M-D Shieh C-C Yang and L Zhu ldquoApplication offuzzy-based hybrid taguchi method for multiobjective opti-mization of product form designrdquo Mathematical Problems inEngineering vol 2018 Article ID 9091514 18 pages 2018

[21] Y Q Xu K Chen H B Qin and Z Y Wang ldquoStudy on theapplication of Kansei engineering in product form designrdquoApplied Mechanics and Materials vol 274 pp 513ndash516 2013

[22] S Hede P V Ferreira M N Lopes and L A Rocha ldquoTRIZand the paradigms of social sustainability in product devel-opment endeavorsrdquo Procedia Engineering vol 131 pp 522ndash538 2015

[23] Z Liu D Hu Y Gao et al ldquoTRIZ based revised design fordisassembly of joint structurerdquo Journal of Mechanical Engi-neering vol 48 no 11 pp 65ndash71 2012

[24] X Ji X J Gu F Dai et al ldquoBioTRIZ-based product in-novative design processrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 48 no 1 pp 35ndash41 2014

[25] X L Li W Zhao Y K Zheng R Wang and C WangldquoInnovative product design based on comprehensive cus-tomer requirements of different cognitive levelsrdquo lte Sci-entific World Journal vol 2014 Article ID 627093 11 pages2014

[26] G D Zhai Z H Liang and M Y Li ldquoStudy on the Opti-mization model of a flexible transmissionrdquo MathematicalProblems in Engineering vol 2019 Article ID 508457312 pages 2019

18 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Applied MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Probability and StatisticsHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical PhysicsAdvances in

Complex AnalysisJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

OptimizationJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Engineering Mathematics

International Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Operations ResearchAdvances in

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Function SpacesAbstract and Applied AnalysisHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2013Hindawiwwwhindawicom

The Scientific World Journal

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018Volume 2018

Numerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisAdvances inAdvances in Discrete Dynamics in

Nature and SocietyHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom

Dierential EquationsInternational Journal of

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Decision SciencesAdvances in

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

AnalysisInternational Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Stochastic AnalysisInternational Journal of

Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom

Page 15: Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of ...downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2019/8179851.pdf · ResearchArticle Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of Agricultural

B24

113

315

15

3 1 313

13

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 1 3

5 3 713

1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B34

113

517

15

3 1 515

13

15

15

117

15

7 5 7 1 1

5 3 3 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B44

113

315

15

3 1 313

13

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 1 1

5 3 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B15

113

13

17

17

3 1 115

13

3 1 113

15

7 5 3 1 1

7 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B25 5

113

315

17

3 1 313

15

13

15

117

17

5 3 7 113

7 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B35

113

313

15

3 1 113

15

1 1 117

17

3 3 7 1 1

5 5 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B45

113

315

17

3 1 113

15

13

13

117

17

5 3 7 113

7 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B16

113

315

15

3 1 5 113

13

15

117

15

5 1 7 1 1

5 3 5 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B26

113

313

15

3 1 713

13

15

17

115

17

3 3 5 113

5 3 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

B36

113

315

15

3 1 513

15

13

15

113

17

5 3 3 113

5 5 7 3 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 15

B46

113

515

17

3 1 513

15

15

15

115

17

5 3 5 1 1

7 5 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

(6)

332 Hierarchical Sequencing and Consistency Verification0e maximum eigenvalue λmax 65433 of the judgmentmatrix A11 was obtained by calculation and it was normalizedto ω(2)

11 (00608 00348 03419 01597 03419 00608) 0esix elements of the criterion layer are harmony dynamicssafety comfort practicality and individuality Consistency testis to test the coordination of the importance of each elementCI value of less than 1 indicates that consistency of thejudgmentmatrix is passed and the results are listed in Table 12

0e element bstij in the judgment matrix Bst is the comparisonmeasure of the superiority ofPt to C in the scheme layer (hand-held rotary tiller) 0e weight ω(3)

1t the maximum eigenvalueλmax and the consistency index CI1t were calculated from thecomparison judgment matrix B1t of the third layer and theresults are listed in Table 130e average of the total ranking ofthe scheme layers is shown in Table 14

After calculation the weight coefficient P of the 4 sampleschemes and a new conceptual design scheme of the targetlayer was obtained P1(C1) 007 P2(C2) 014 P3(C3)

006 P4(C4) 030 and P5(C5) 043 where Pt(C1) is theweight coefficient of sample 1 and so on 0erefore theinnovative conceptual design scheme was selected from thefive schemes because the weight coefficient of the conceptualdesign scheme P5(C5) was the largest one 043 0ismethod is effective and feasible for the innovative design ofagricultural machinery

4 Discussion

In order to improve the comprehensive quality of functionalproducts and meet the needs of users for product

Table 13 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotary tiller

B11ndashC B12ndashC B13ndashC B14ndashC B15ndashC B16ndashC Expert 1ω(3)1t 00815 00497 00417 00496 00434 00796

03322 03482 02016 01062 01063 0209100414 00465 00795 00797 01063 0043302290 02244 02156 02518 03720 0308603159 03312 04616 05127 03720 03594

λmax 52876 53691 52469 50252 50939 52194CI 00719 00923 00617 00063 00235 00548CR 00642 00824 00551 00056 00210 00490 Accept

B21ndashC B22ndashC B23ndashC B24ndashC B25ndashC B26ndashC Expert 2ω(3)2t 00856 01172 00712 00749 00658 00927

02247 02547 01524 01425 01209 0170500611 00502 00643 00422 00396 0034702799 02265 02619 04503 02726 0247303487 03515 04502 02902 05012 04547

λmax 54208 53773 52144 52785 52742 54268CI 01052 00943 00536 00696 00685 01067CR 00939 00842 00479 00622 00612 00935 Accept

B31ndashC B32ndashC B33ndashC B34ndashC B35ndashC B36ndashC Expert 3ω(3)3t 00855 00826 00669 00758 00692 00744

01832 01419 01231 01393 01074 0141600420 00379 00403 00359 00680 0044802247 02890 02595 04186 03393 0243404646 04485 05102 03304 04162 04957

λmax 53965 54257 53429 54404 52374 54451CI 00991 01064 00857 01101 00594 01113CR 00885 00950 00765 00983 00530 00994 Accept

B41ndashC B42ndashC B43ndashC B44ndashC B45ndashC B46ndashC Expert 4ω(3)4t 00846 00805 00697 00762 00658 00758

01454 01480 01216 01450 01209 0139300444 00452 00629 00429 00396 0035904757 03509 03538 03679 02726 0330402499 03754 03919 03679 05012 04186

λmax 54118 54301 52748 51295 52742 54404CI 01029 01075 00687 00324 00684 01101CR 00919 00960 00613 00289 00612 00983 Accept

16 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

personalization this paper puts forward the improvementexplanation of appearance and function and obtains the in-novative design scheme by introducing KE and TRIZ0eAHPwas used to evaluate the innovative design scheme Combiningwith the design of hand-held rotary tiller the correspondinginnovative design scheme was obtained and the design processwas attempted to be extended to other products 0e maincontent of the literature study [8 25 26] focused on the userrequirements mining or conceptual design stage and the re-searchers have not studied the application of detailed designstage and the subsequent evaluation of innovative design 0ispaper establishes an innovative design model from user needsmining conceptual design detailed design computer-aideddesign and scheme evaluation which is convenient for de-signers to design and develop products and also has a goodreference for innovative design of other products

However because the main research content of thispaper focuses on innovative design process the research onthe evaluation system of the scheme is insufficient In thefollowing work designers can introduce other design the-ories and methods to combine with existing research inorder to improve the process of innovative design

5 Conclusions

In order to improve the comprehensive quality of agricul-tural machinery products based on functional technologyand meet the needs of users the innovation design model ofagricultural machinery products based on KE-TRIZ wasconstructed

Firstly the designer used SD method and PCA methodto quantify and reduce the dimension of affective intentionwords aiming to select comprehensive variables repre-senting the needs of users Secondly by constructing a KE-TRIZ innovative design model the product appearance andfunction were innovatively designed and the contradictionbetween product appearance and function was analyzed tomake it well matched 0en taking the innovative design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as an example the applicationflow was described and the typical samples and designscheme were evaluated by the AHP which shows that themethod has obvious improvement in function and ap-pearance 0e KE-TRIZ method enables designers to designproducts more in line with the actual needs of users which iseffective and feasible for the innovative design of agriculturalmachinery

0e follow-up work is to further explore the integrationof technology cost and other multi-objective-driven in-novative designs of agricultural machinery products in orderto improve the applicability and integrity of the method

Data Availability

All data generated and analyzed during this study are in-cluded within the article

Conflicts of Interest

0e authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest

Authorsrsquo Contributions

Jian-wei Wang conceived and designed the study Jian-minZhang completed the design evaluation Jian-wei Wangcompleted product modeling Jian-min Zhang revised andpolished the manuscript All authors have read and ap-proved the final manuscript All authors contributed equallyto this work

Acknowledgments

0is work was supported by the Guizhou Natural ScienceFund Project (Guizhou Technology Cooperation SupportProgram (2017)1047) the Guizhou Science and TechnologyMajor Project (LH(2014)7629 LH(2016)7432 and LH(2017)7232) and the Academic New Seedling Cultivation andInnovation Exploration Specialization of Guizhou Univer-sity (Guizhou Platform Talents (2017)5788)

References

[1] G Q Yao C Q Xue and H Y Wang ldquoDesign method forcoach styling design based on image cognitionrdquo Journal ofSoutheast University Natural Science Edition vol 46 no 6pp 1198ndash1203 2016

[2] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei Engineering a new ergonomicconsumer-oriented technology for product developmentrdquoInternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 15 no 1pp 3ndash11 1995

[3] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei engineering as a powerful consumer-orientied technology for product developmentrdquo Applied Er-gonomics vol 33 no 3 pp 289ndash294 2002

[4] C E GolnooshRasoulifar and P Guy ldquoCommunicatingconsumer needs in the design process of branded productsrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015

[5] Y T Fu and S J Luo ldquoStyle perception-oriented productfamily shape gene designrdquo Comtuter IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 18 no 3 pp 449ndash457 2012

[6] L N Abdala R B Fernandes A Ogliari M Lower andJ Feldhusen ldquoCreative contributions of the methods of in-ventive principles of TRIZ and BioTRIZ to problem solvingrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 139 no 8 2017

[7] S Kim and B Yoon ldquoDeveloping a process of conceptgeneration for new product-service systems a QFD and

Table 14 Overall ranking result and average value of the third layer

Scheme Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 Scheme 5Expert 1 0048558458 0167268103 0083016534 0281635216 0419521689Expert 2 0072929489 0148099162 0051450184 0288521951 0438999215Expert 3 0070614603 0123757406 0050002922 0302460164 0453164905Expert 4 0070748371 0127513198 0049909632 0335077088 041675171Average value 006571273 0141659467 0058594818 0301923605 043210938

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 17

TRIZ-based approachrdquo Service Business vol 6 no 3pp 323ndash348 2012

[8] R H Tan R H Zhang F Liu and B J Yang ldquoTwo stagesanalogy-based conceptual design based on TRIZrdquo ComputerIntergrated Manufacturing Systems vol 12 no 3 pp 328ndash334 2006

[9] X Z Liu G N Qi J Z Fu B B Fan and J Xu ldquoA designprocess model of intergrated morphlolgical matrix andconflict resolving principlesrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 46 no 12 pp 2243ndash2258 2012

[10] Y H Cohen Y Reich and S Greenberg ldquoBiomineticsstructure-function patterns approachrdquo Journal of MechanicalDesign vol 136 no 11 2014

[11] L L Sun and F S Kong ldquoVisual comfort design of automobileseat based on Kansei engineering and TRIZ theoryrdquo Journal ofJinlin University Engineering and Technology Edition vol 44no 1 pp 106ndash110 2014

[12] W Chen C S Carolyn and Y Bernard ldquoSpecial issue userneeds and preferences in engineering designrdquo Journal ofMechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015

[13] Y X Huang C-H Chen and L P Khoo ldquoProducts clas-sification in emotional design using a basic-emotion basedsemantic differential methodrdquo International Journal of In-dustrial Ergonomics vol 42 no 6 pp 569ndash580 2012

[14] W Lu and J-F Petiot ldquoAffective design of products using anaudio-based protocol application to eyeglass framerdquo In-ternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 44 no 3pp 383ndash394 2014

[15] V Chulvi M C Gonzalez-Cruz E Mulet and J Aguilar-Zambrano ldquoInfluence of the type of idea-generation methodon the creativity of solutionsrdquo Research in Engineering Designvol 24 no 1 pp 33ndash41 2013

[16] B Mannan and Abid Haleem ldquoUnderstanding major di-mensions and determinants that help in diffusion amp adoptionof product innovation using AHP approachrdquo Journal ofGlobal Entrepreneurship Research vol 7 no 1 pp 1ndash24 2017

[17] T Wang and M R Liu ldquoApplication of QFD and AHP inrailway freight transportationrdquo Computer IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 24 no 1 pp 264ndash271 2018

[18] H-N Hsish J F Chen and Q H Du ldquoApplying TRIZ andfuzzy AHP based on lean production to develop an innovativedesign of a new shape for machine toolsrdquo Information vol 6no 1 pp 89ndash110 2015

[19] L-C Chen and L Lin ldquoOptimization of product configu-ration design using functional requirements and constraintsrdquoResearch in Engineering Design vol 13 no 3 pp 167ndash1822002

[20] Y Li M-D Shieh C-C Yang and L Zhu ldquoApplication offuzzy-based hybrid taguchi method for multiobjective opti-mization of product form designrdquo Mathematical Problems inEngineering vol 2018 Article ID 9091514 18 pages 2018

[21] Y Q Xu K Chen H B Qin and Z Y Wang ldquoStudy on theapplication of Kansei engineering in product form designrdquoApplied Mechanics and Materials vol 274 pp 513ndash516 2013

[22] S Hede P V Ferreira M N Lopes and L A Rocha ldquoTRIZand the paradigms of social sustainability in product devel-opment endeavorsrdquo Procedia Engineering vol 131 pp 522ndash538 2015

[23] Z Liu D Hu Y Gao et al ldquoTRIZ based revised design fordisassembly of joint structurerdquo Journal of Mechanical Engi-neering vol 48 no 11 pp 65ndash71 2012

[24] X Ji X J Gu F Dai et al ldquoBioTRIZ-based product in-novative design processrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 48 no 1 pp 35ndash41 2014

[25] X L Li W Zhao Y K Zheng R Wang and C WangldquoInnovative product design based on comprehensive cus-tomer requirements of different cognitive levelsrdquo lte Sci-entific World Journal vol 2014 Article ID 627093 11 pages2014

[26] G D Zhai Z H Liang and M Y Li ldquoStudy on the Opti-mization model of a flexible transmissionrdquo MathematicalProblems in Engineering vol 2019 Article ID 508457312 pages 2019

18 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Applied MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Probability and StatisticsHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical PhysicsAdvances in

Complex AnalysisJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

OptimizationJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Engineering Mathematics

International Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Operations ResearchAdvances in

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Function SpacesAbstract and Applied AnalysisHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2013Hindawiwwwhindawicom

The Scientific World Journal

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018Volume 2018

Numerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisAdvances inAdvances in Discrete Dynamics in

Nature and SocietyHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom

Dierential EquationsInternational Journal of

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Decision SciencesAdvances in

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

AnalysisInternational Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Stochastic AnalysisInternational Journal of

Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom

Page 16: Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of ...downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2019/8179851.pdf · ResearchArticle Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of Agricultural

B46

113

515

17

3 1 513

15

15

15

115

17

5 3 5 1 1

7 5 7 1 1

⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝

⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠

(6)

332 Hierarchical Sequencing and Consistency Verification0e maximum eigenvalue λmax 65433 of the judgmentmatrix A11 was obtained by calculation and it was normalizedto ω(2)

11 (00608 00348 03419 01597 03419 00608) 0esix elements of the criterion layer are harmony dynamicssafety comfort practicality and individuality Consistency testis to test the coordination of the importance of each elementCI value of less than 1 indicates that consistency of thejudgmentmatrix is passed and the results are listed in Table 12

0e element bstij in the judgment matrix Bst is the comparisonmeasure of the superiority ofPt to C in the scheme layer (hand-held rotary tiller) 0e weight ω(3)

1t the maximum eigenvalueλmax and the consistency index CI1t were calculated from thecomparison judgment matrix B1t of the third layer and theresults are listed in Table 130e average of the total ranking ofthe scheme layers is shown in Table 14

After calculation the weight coefficient P of the 4 sampleschemes and a new conceptual design scheme of the targetlayer was obtained P1(C1) 007 P2(C2) 014 P3(C3)

006 P4(C4) 030 and P5(C5) 043 where Pt(C1) is theweight coefficient of sample 1 and so on 0erefore theinnovative conceptual design scheme was selected from thefive schemes because the weight coefficient of the conceptualdesign scheme P5(C5) was the largest one 043 0ismethod is effective and feasible for the innovative design ofagricultural machinery

4 Discussion

In order to improve the comprehensive quality of functionalproducts and meet the needs of users for product

Table 13 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotary tiller

B11ndashC B12ndashC B13ndashC B14ndashC B15ndashC B16ndashC Expert 1ω(3)1t 00815 00497 00417 00496 00434 00796

03322 03482 02016 01062 01063 0209100414 00465 00795 00797 01063 0043302290 02244 02156 02518 03720 0308603159 03312 04616 05127 03720 03594

λmax 52876 53691 52469 50252 50939 52194CI 00719 00923 00617 00063 00235 00548CR 00642 00824 00551 00056 00210 00490 Accept

B21ndashC B22ndashC B23ndashC B24ndashC B25ndashC B26ndashC Expert 2ω(3)2t 00856 01172 00712 00749 00658 00927

02247 02547 01524 01425 01209 0170500611 00502 00643 00422 00396 0034702799 02265 02619 04503 02726 0247303487 03515 04502 02902 05012 04547

λmax 54208 53773 52144 52785 52742 54268CI 01052 00943 00536 00696 00685 01067CR 00939 00842 00479 00622 00612 00935 Accept

B31ndashC B32ndashC B33ndashC B34ndashC B35ndashC B36ndashC Expert 3ω(3)3t 00855 00826 00669 00758 00692 00744

01832 01419 01231 01393 01074 0141600420 00379 00403 00359 00680 0044802247 02890 02595 04186 03393 0243404646 04485 05102 03304 04162 04957

λmax 53965 54257 53429 54404 52374 54451CI 00991 01064 00857 01101 00594 01113CR 00885 00950 00765 00983 00530 00994 Accept

B41ndashC B42ndashC B43ndashC B44ndashC B45ndashC B46ndashC Expert 4ω(3)4t 00846 00805 00697 00762 00658 00758

01454 01480 01216 01450 01209 0139300444 00452 00629 00429 00396 0035904757 03509 03538 03679 02726 0330402499 03754 03919 03679 05012 04186

λmax 54118 54301 52748 51295 52742 54404CI 01029 01075 00687 00324 00684 01101CR 00919 00960 00613 00289 00612 00983 Accept

16 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

personalization this paper puts forward the improvementexplanation of appearance and function and obtains the in-novative design scheme by introducing KE and TRIZ0eAHPwas used to evaluate the innovative design scheme Combiningwith the design of hand-held rotary tiller the correspondinginnovative design scheme was obtained and the design processwas attempted to be extended to other products 0e maincontent of the literature study [8 25 26] focused on the userrequirements mining or conceptual design stage and the re-searchers have not studied the application of detailed designstage and the subsequent evaluation of innovative design 0ispaper establishes an innovative design model from user needsmining conceptual design detailed design computer-aideddesign and scheme evaluation which is convenient for de-signers to design and develop products and also has a goodreference for innovative design of other products

However because the main research content of thispaper focuses on innovative design process the research onthe evaluation system of the scheme is insufficient In thefollowing work designers can introduce other design the-ories and methods to combine with existing research inorder to improve the process of innovative design

5 Conclusions

In order to improve the comprehensive quality of agricul-tural machinery products based on functional technologyand meet the needs of users the innovation design model ofagricultural machinery products based on KE-TRIZ wasconstructed

Firstly the designer used SD method and PCA methodto quantify and reduce the dimension of affective intentionwords aiming to select comprehensive variables repre-senting the needs of users Secondly by constructing a KE-TRIZ innovative design model the product appearance andfunction were innovatively designed and the contradictionbetween product appearance and function was analyzed tomake it well matched 0en taking the innovative design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as an example the applicationflow was described and the typical samples and designscheme were evaluated by the AHP which shows that themethod has obvious improvement in function and ap-pearance 0e KE-TRIZ method enables designers to designproducts more in line with the actual needs of users which iseffective and feasible for the innovative design of agriculturalmachinery

0e follow-up work is to further explore the integrationof technology cost and other multi-objective-driven in-novative designs of agricultural machinery products in orderto improve the applicability and integrity of the method

Data Availability

All data generated and analyzed during this study are in-cluded within the article

Conflicts of Interest

0e authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest

Authorsrsquo Contributions

Jian-wei Wang conceived and designed the study Jian-minZhang completed the design evaluation Jian-wei Wangcompleted product modeling Jian-min Zhang revised andpolished the manuscript All authors have read and ap-proved the final manuscript All authors contributed equallyto this work

Acknowledgments

0is work was supported by the Guizhou Natural ScienceFund Project (Guizhou Technology Cooperation SupportProgram (2017)1047) the Guizhou Science and TechnologyMajor Project (LH(2014)7629 LH(2016)7432 and LH(2017)7232) and the Academic New Seedling Cultivation andInnovation Exploration Specialization of Guizhou Univer-sity (Guizhou Platform Talents (2017)5788)

References

[1] G Q Yao C Q Xue and H Y Wang ldquoDesign method forcoach styling design based on image cognitionrdquo Journal ofSoutheast University Natural Science Edition vol 46 no 6pp 1198ndash1203 2016

[2] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei Engineering a new ergonomicconsumer-oriented technology for product developmentrdquoInternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 15 no 1pp 3ndash11 1995

[3] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei engineering as a powerful consumer-orientied technology for product developmentrdquo Applied Er-gonomics vol 33 no 3 pp 289ndash294 2002

[4] C E GolnooshRasoulifar and P Guy ldquoCommunicatingconsumer needs in the design process of branded productsrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015

[5] Y T Fu and S J Luo ldquoStyle perception-oriented productfamily shape gene designrdquo Comtuter IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 18 no 3 pp 449ndash457 2012

[6] L N Abdala R B Fernandes A Ogliari M Lower andJ Feldhusen ldquoCreative contributions of the methods of in-ventive principles of TRIZ and BioTRIZ to problem solvingrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 139 no 8 2017

[7] S Kim and B Yoon ldquoDeveloping a process of conceptgeneration for new product-service systems a QFD and

Table 14 Overall ranking result and average value of the third layer

Scheme Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 Scheme 5Expert 1 0048558458 0167268103 0083016534 0281635216 0419521689Expert 2 0072929489 0148099162 0051450184 0288521951 0438999215Expert 3 0070614603 0123757406 0050002922 0302460164 0453164905Expert 4 0070748371 0127513198 0049909632 0335077088 041675171Average value 006571273 0141659467 0058594818 0301923605 043210938

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 17

TRIZ-based approachrdquo Service Business vol 6 no 3pp 323ndash348 2012

[8] R H Tan R H Zhang F Liu and B J Yang ldquoTwo stagesanalogy-based conceptual design based on TRIZrdquo ComputerIntergrated Manufacturing Systems vol 12 no 3 pp 328ndash334 2006

[9] X Z Liu G N Qi J Z Fu B B Fan and J Xu ldquoA designprocess model of intergrated morphlolgical matrix andconflict resolving principlesrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 46 no 12 pp 2243ndash2258 2012

[10] Y H Cohen Y Reich and S Greenberg ldquoBiomineticsstructure-function patterns approachrdquo Journal of MechanicalDesign vol 136 no 11 2014

[11] L L Sun and F S Kong ldquoVisual comfort design of automobileseat based on Kansei engineering and TRIZ theoryrdquo Journal ofJinlin University Engineering and Technology Edition vol 44no 1 pp 106ndash110 2014

[12] W Chen C S Carolyn and Y Bernard ldquoSpecial issue userneeds and preferences in engineering designrdquo Journal ofMechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015

[13] Y X Huang C-H Chen and L P Khoo ldquoProducts clas-sification in emotional design using a basic-emotion basedsemantic differential methodrdquo International Journal of In-dustrial Ergonomics vol 42 no 6 pp 569ndash580 2012

[14] W Lu and J-F Petiot ldquoAffective design of products using anaudio-based protocol application to eyeglass framerdquo In-ternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 44 no 3pp 383ndash394 2014

[15] V Chulvi M C Gonzalez-Cruz E Mulet and J Aguilar-Zambrano ldquoInfluence of the type of idea-generation methodon the creativity of solutionsrdquo Research in Engineering Designvol 24 no 1 pp 33ndash41 2013

[16] B Mannan and Abid Haleem ldquoUnderstanding major di-mensions and determinants that help in diffusion amp adoptionof product innovation using AHP approachrdquo Journal ofGlobal Entrepreneurship Research vol 7 no 1 pp 1ndash24 2017

[17] T Wang and M R Liu ldquoApplication of QFD and AHP inrailway freight transportationrdquo Computer IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 24 no 1 pp 264ndash271 2018

[18] H-N Hsish J F Chen and Q H Du ldquoApplying TRIZ andfuzzy AHP based on lean production to develop an innovativedesign of a new shape for machine toolsrdquo Information vol 6no 1 pp 89ndash110 2015

[19] L-C Chen and L Lin ldquoOptimization of product configu-ration design using functional requirements and constraintsrdquoResearch in Engineering Design vol 13 no 3 pp 167ndash1822002

[20] Y Li M-D Shieh C-C Yang and L Zhu ldquoApplication offuzzy-based hybrid taguchi method for multiobjective opti-mization of product form designrdquo Mathematical Problems inEngineering vol 2018 Article ID 9091514 18 pages 2018

[21] Y Q Xu K Chen H B Qin and Z Y Wang ldquoStudy on theapplication of Kansei engineering in product form designrdquoApplied Mechanics and Materials vol 274 pp 513ndash516 2013

[22] S Hede P V Ferreira M N Lopes and L A Rocha ldquoTRIZand the paradigms of social sustainability in product devel-opment endeavorsrdquo Procedia Engineering vol 131 pp 522ndash538 2015

[23] Z Liu D Hu Y Gao et al ldquoTRIZ based revised design fordisassembly of joint structurerdquo Journal of Mechanical Engi-neering vol 48 no 11 pp 65ndash71 2012

[24] X Ji X J Gu F Dai et al ldquoBioTRIZ-based product in-novative design processrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 48 no 1 pp 35ndash41 2014

[25] X L Li W Zhao Y K Zheng R Wang and C WangldquoInnovative product design based on comprehensive cus-tomer requirements of different cognitive levelsrdquo lte Sci-entific World Journal vol 2014 Article ID 627093 11 pages2014

[26] G D Zhai Z H Liang and M Y Li ldquoStudy on the Opti-mization model of a flexible transmissionrdquo MathematicalProblems in Engineering vol 2019 Article ID 508457312 pages 2019

18 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Applied MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Probability and StatisticsHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical PhysicsAdvances in

Complex AnalysisJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

OptimizationJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Engineering Mathematics

International Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Operations ResearchAdvances in

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Function SpacesAbstract and Applied AnalysisHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2013Hindawiwwwhindawicom

The Scientific World Journal

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018Volume 2018

Numerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisAdvances inAdvances in Discrete Dynamics in

Nature and SocietyHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom

Dierential EquationsInternational Journal of

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Decision SciencesAdvances in

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

AnalysisInternational Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Stochastic AnalysisInternational Journal of

Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom

Page 17: Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of ...downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2019/8179851.pdf · ResearchArticle Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of Agricultural

personalization this paper puts forward the improvementexplanation of appearance and function and obtains the in-novative design scheme by introducing KE and TRIZ0eAHPwas used to evaluate the innovative design scheme Combiningwith the design of hand-held rotary tiller the correspondinginnovative design scheme was obtained and the design processwas attempted to be extended to other products 0e maincontent of the literature study [8 25 26] focused on the userrequirements mining or conceptual design stage and the re-searchers have not studied the application of detailed designstage and the subsequent evaluation of innovative design 0ispaper establishes an innovative design model from user needsmining conceptual design detailed design computer-aideddesign and scheme evaluation which is convenient for de-signers to design and develop products and also has a goodreference for innovative design of other products

However because the main research content of thispaper focuses on innovative design process the research onthe evaluation system of the scheme is insufficient In thefollowing work designers can introduce other design the-ories and methods to combine with existing research inorder to improve the process of innovative design

5 Conclusions

In order to improve the comprehensive quality of agricul-tural machinery products based on functional technologyand meet the needs of users the innovation design model ofagricultural machinery products based on KE-TRIZ wasconstructed

Firstly the designer used SD method and PCA methodto quantify and reduce the dimension of affective intentionwords aiming to select comprehensive variables repre-senting the needs of users Secondly by constructing a KE-TRIZ innovative design model the product appearance andfunction were innovatively designed and the contradictionbetween product appearance and function was analyzed tomake it well matched 0en taking the innovative design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as an example the applicationflow was described and the typical samples and designscheme were evaluated by the AHP which shows that themethod has obvious improvement in function and ap-pearance 0e KE-TRIZ method enables designers to designproducts more in line with the actual needs of users which iseffective and feasible for the innovative design of agriculturalmachinery

0e follow-up work is to further explore the integrationof technology cost and other multi-objective-driven in-novative designs of agricultural machinery products in orderto improve the applicability and integrity of the method

Data Availability

All data generated and analyzed during this study are in-cluded within the article

Conflicts of Interest

0e authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest

Authorsrsquo Contributions

Jian-wei Wang conceived and designed the study Jian-minZhang completed the design evaluation Jian-wei Wangcompleted product modeling Jian-min Zhang revised andpolished the manuscript All authors have read and ap-proved the final manuscript All authors contributed equallyto this work

Acknowledgments

0is work was supported by the Guizhou Natural ScienceFund Project (Guizhou Technology Cooperation SupportProgram (2017)1047) the Guizhou Science and TechnologyMajor Project (LH(2014)7629 LH(2016)7432 and LH(2017)7232) and the Academic New Seedling Cultivation andInnovation Exploration Specialization of Guizhou Univer-sity (Guizhou Platform Talents (2017)5788)

References

[1] G Q Yao C Q Xue and H Y Wang ldquoDesign method forcoach styling design based on image cognitionrdquo Journal ofSoutheast University Natural Science Edition vol 46 no 6pp 1198ndash1203 2016

[2] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei Engineering a new ergonomicconsumer-oriented technology for product developmentrdquoInternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 15 no 1pp 3ndash11 1995

[3] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei engineering as a powerful consumer-orientied technology for product developmentrdquo Applied Er-gonomics vol 33 no 3 pp 289ndash294 2002

[4] C E GolnooshRasoulifar and P Guy ldquoCommunicatingconsumer needs in the design process of branded productsrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015

[5] Y T Fu and S J Luo ldquoStyle perception-oriented productfamily shape gene designrdquo Comtuter IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 18 no 3 pp 449ndash457 2012

[6] L N Abdala R B Fernandes A Ogliari M Lower andJ Feldhusen ldquoCreative contributions of the methods of in-ventive principles of TRIZ and BioTRIZ to problem solvingrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 139 no 8 2017

[7] S Kim and B Yoon ldquoDeveloping a process of conceptgeneration for new product-service systems a QFD and

Table 14 Overall ranking result and average value of the third layer

Scheme Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 Scheme 5Expert 1 0048558458 0167268103 0083016534 0281635216 0419521689Expert 2 0072929489 0148099162 0051450184 0288521951 0438999215Expert 3 0070614603 0123757406 0050002922 0302460164 0453164905Expert 4 0070748371 0127513198 0049909632 0335077088 041675171Average value 006571273 0141659467 0058594818 0301923605 043210938

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 17

TRIZ-based approachrdquo Service Business vol 6 no 3pp 323ndash348 2012

[8] R H Tan R H Zhang F Liu and B J Yang ldquoTwo stagesanalogy-based conceptual design based on TRIZrdquo ComputerIntergrated Manufacturing Systems vol 12 no 3 pp 328ndash334 2006

[9] X Z Liu G N Qi J Z Fu B B Fan and J Xu ldquoA designprocess model of intergrated morphlolgical matrix andconflict resolving principlesrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 46 no 12 pp 2243ndash2258 2012

[10] Y H Cohen Y Reich and S Greenberg ldquoBiomineticsstructure-function patterns approachrdquo Journal of MechanicalDesign vol 136 no 11 2014

[11] L L Sun and F S Kong ldquoVisual comfort design of automobileseat based on Kansei engineering and TRIZ theoryrdquo Journal ofJinlin University Engineering and Technology Edition vol 44no 1 pp 106ndash110 2014

[12] W Chen C S Carolyn and Y Bernard ldquoSpecial issue userneeds and preferences in engineering designrdquo Journal ofMechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015

[13] Y X Huang C-H Chen and L P Khoo ldquoProducts clas-sification in emotional design using a basic-emotion basedsemantic differential methodrdquo International Journal of In-dustrial Ergonomics vol 42 no 6 pp 569ndash580 2012

[14] W Lu and J-F Petiot ldquoAffective design of products using anaudio-based protocol application to eyeglass framerdquo In-ternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 44 no 3pp 383ndash394 2014

[15] V Chulvi M C Gonzalez-Cruz E Mulet and J Aguilar-Zambrano ldquoInfluence of the type of idea-generation methodon the creativity of solutionsrdquo Research in Engineering Designvol 24 no 1 pp 33ndash41 2013

[16] B Mannan and Abid Haleem ldquoUnderstanding major di-mensions and determinants that help in diffusion amp adoptionof product innovation using AHP approachrdquo Journal ofGlobal Entrepreneurship Research vol 7 no 1 pp 1ndash24 2017

[17] T Wang and M R Liu ldquoApplication of QFD and AHP inrailway freight transportationrdquo Computer IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 24 no 1 pp 264ndash271 2018

[18] H-N Hsish J F Chen and Q H Du ldquoApplying TRIZ andfuzzy AHP based on lean production to develop an innovativedesign of a new shape for machine toolsrdquo Information vol 6no 1 pp 89ndash110 2015

[19] L-C Chen and L Lin ldquoOptimization of product configu-ration design using functional requirements and constraintsrdquoResearch in Engineering Design vol 13 no 3 pp 167ndash1822002

[20] Y Li M-D Shieh C-C Yang and L Zhu ldquoApplication offuzzy-based hybrid taguchi method for multiobjective opti-mization of product form designrdquo Mathematical Problems inEngineering vol 2018 Article ID 9091514 18 pages 2018

[21] Y Q Xu K Chen H B Qin and Z Y Wang ldquoStudy on theapplication of Kansei engineering in product form designrdquoApplied Mechanics and Materials vol 274 pp 513ndash516 2013

[22] S Hede P V Ferreira M N Lopes and L A Rocha ldquoTRIZand the paradigms of social sustainability in product devel-opment endeavorsrdquo Procedia Engineering vol 131 pp 522ndash538 2015

[23] Z Liu D Hu Y Gao et al ldquoTRIZ based revised design fordisassembly of joint structurerdquo Journal of Mechanical Engi-neering vol 48 no 11 pp 65ndash71 2012

[24] X Ji X J Gu F Dai et al ldquoBioTRIZ-based product in-novative design processrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 48 no 1 pp 35ndash41 2014

[25] X L Li W Zhao Y K Zheng R Wang and C WangldquoInnovative product design based on comprehensive cus-tomer requirements of different cognitive levelsrdquo lte Sci-entific World Journal vol 2014 Article ID 627093 11 pages2014

[26] G D Zhai Z H Liang and M Y Li ldquoStudy on the Opti-mization model of a flexible transmissionrdquo MathematicalProblems in Engineering vol 2019 Article ID 508457312 pages 2019

18 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Applied MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Probability and StatisticsHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical PhysicsAdvances in

Complex AnalysisJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

OptimizationJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Engineering Mathematics

International Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Operations ResearchAdvances in

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Function SpacesAbstract and Applied AnalysisHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2013Hindawiwwwhindawicom

The Scientific World Journal

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018Volume 2018

Numerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisAdvances inAdvances in Discrete Dynamics in

Nature and SocietyHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom

Dierential EquationsInternational Journal of

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Decision SciencesAdvances in

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

AnalysisInternational Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Stochastic AnalysisInternational Journal of

Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom

Page 18: Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of ...downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2019/8179851.pdf · ResearchArticle Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of Agricultural

TRIZ-based approachrdquo Service Business vol 6 no 3pp 323ndash348 2012

[8] R H Tan R H Zhang F Liu and B J Yang ldquoTwo stagesanalogy-based conceptual design based on TRIZrdquo ComputerIntergrated Manufacturing Systems vol 12 no 3 pp 328ndash334 2006

[9] X Z Liu G N Qi J Z Fu B B Fan and J Xu ldquoA designprocess model of intergrated morphlolgical matrix andconflict resolving principlesrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 46 no 12 pp 2243ndash2258 2012

[10] Y H Cohen Y Reich and S Greenberg ldquoBiomineticsstructure-function patterns approachrdquo Journal of MechanicalDesign vol 136 no 11 2014

[11] L L Sun and F S Kong ldquoVisual comfort design of automobileseat based on Kansei engineering and TRIZ theoryrdquo Journal ofJinlin University Engineering and Technology Edition vol 44no 1 pp 106ndash110 2014

[12] W Chen C S Carolyn and Y Bernard ldquoSpecial issue userneeds and preferences in engineering designrdquo Journal ofMechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015

[13] Y X Huang C-H Chen and L P Khoo ldquoProducts clas-sification in emotional design using a basic-emotion basedsemantic differential methodrdquo International Journal of In-dustrial Ergonomics vol 42 no 6 pp 569ndash580 2012

[14] W Lu and J-F Petiot ldquoAffective design of products using anaudio-based protocol application to eyeglass framerdquo In-ternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 44 no 3pp 383ndash394 2014

[15] V Chulvi M C Gonzalez-Cruz E Mulet and J Aguilar-Zambrano ldquoInfluence of the type of idea-generation methodon the creativity of solutionsrdquo Research in Engineering Designvol 24 no 1 pp 33ndash41 2013

[16] B Mannan and Abid Haleem ldquoUnderstanding major di-mensions and determinants that help in diffusion amp adoptionof product innovation using AHP approachrdquo Journal ofGlobal Entrepreneurship Research vol 7 no 1 pp 1ndash24 2017

[17] T Wang and M R Liu ldquoApplication of QFD and AHP inrailway freight transportationrdquo Computer IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 24 no 1 pp 264ndash271 2018

[18] H-N Hsish J F Chen and Q H Du ldquoApplying TRIZ andfuzzy AHP based on lean production to develop an innovativedesign of a new shape for machine toolsrdquo Information vol 6no 1 pp 89ndash110 2015

[19] L-C Chen and L Lin ldquoOptimization of product configu-ration design using functional requirements and constraintsrdquoResearch in Engineering Design vol 13 no 3 pp 167ndash1822002

[20] Y Li M-D Shieh C-C Yang and L Zhu ldquoApplication offuzzy-based hybrid taguchi method for multiobjective opti-mization of product form designrdquo Mathematical Problems inEngineering vol 2018 Article ID 9091514 18 pages 2018

[21] Y Q Xu K Chen H B Qin and Z Y Wang ldquoStudy on theapplication of Kansei engineering in product form designrdquoApplied Mechanics and Materials vol 274 pp 513ndash516 2013

[22] S Hede P V Ferreira M N Lopes and L A Rocha ldquoTRIZand the paradigms of social sustainability in product devel-opment endeavorsrdquo Procedia Engineering vol 131 pp 522ndash538 2015

[23] Z Liu D Hu Y Gao et al ldquoTRIZ based revised design fordisassembly of joint structurerdquo Journal of Mechanical Engi-neering vol 48 no 11 pp 65ndash71 2012

[24] X Ji X J Gu F Dai et al ldquoBioTRIZ-based product in-novative design processrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 48 no 1 pp 35ndash41 2014

[25] X L Li W Zhao Y K Zheng R Wang and C WangldquoInnovative product design based on comprehensive cus-tomer requirements of different cognitive levelsrdquo lte Sci-entific World Journal vol 2014 Article ID 627093 11 pages2014

[26] G D Zhai Z H Liang and M Y Li ldquoStudy on the Opti-mization model of a flexible transmissionrdquo MathematicalProblems in Engineering vol 2019 Article ID 508457312 pages 2019

18 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Applied MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Probability and StatisticsHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical PhysicsAdvances in

Complex AnalysisJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

OptimizationJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Engineering Mathematics

International Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Operations ResearchAdvances in

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Function SpacesAbstract and Applied AnalysisHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2013Hindawiwwwhindawicom

The Scientific World Journal

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018Volume 2018

Numerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisAdvances inAdvances in Discrete Dynamics in

Nature and SocietyHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom

Dierential EquationsInternational Journal of

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Decision SciencesAdvances in

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

AnalysisInternational Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Stochastic AnalysisInternational Journal of

Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom

Page 19: Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of ...downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2019/8179851.pdf · ResearchArticle Research on Innovative Design and Evaluation of Agricultural

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Applied MathematicsJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Probability and StatisticsHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Mathematical PhysicsAdvances in

Complex AnalysisJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

OptimizationJournal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Engineering Mathematics

International Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Operations ResearchAdvances in

Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Function SpacesAbstract and Applied AnalysisHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2013Hindawiwwwhindawicom

The Scientific World Journal

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018Volume 2018

Numerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisAdvances inAdvances in Discrete Dynamics in

Nature and SocietyHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom

Dierential EquationsInternational Journal of

Volume 2018

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Decision SciencesAdvances in

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

AnalysisInternational Journal of

Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018

Stochastic AnalysisInternational Journal of

Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom