research on innovative design and evaluation of...
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Research ArticleResearch on Innovative Design and Evaluation of AgriculturalMachinery Products
Jian-wei Wang and Jian-min Zhang
School of Mechanical Engineering Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
Correspondence should be addressed to Jian-min Zhang zminmindebox126com
Received 30 May 2019 Revised 25 August 2019 Accepted 9 September 2019 Published 3 November 2019
Academic Editor Anna M Gil-Lafuente
Copyright copy 2019 Jian-wei Wang and Jian-min Zhang 0is is an open access article distributed under the Creative CommonsAttribution License which permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in anymedium provided the original work isproperly cited
In order to meet the userrsquos increasing demands for integrated quality of agricultural machinery products a new KE-TRIZapproach based on Kansei engineering (KE) and theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) was proposed Designers usedsemantic difference (SD) method and principal component analysis (PCA) method to quantify and reduce the dimensions of theextracted perceptual vocabulary which aimed to select the comprehensive variables that represented the userrsquos needs TRIZ theorywas used in the product emotional intention to elaborate the invention principle of productsrsquo appearance structure and functionaltechnology and improvement explanation was put forward based on further contradiction analysis 0en the industrial designtheory was combined with the innovation design of agricultural machinery products In order to explain the reliability ofinnovative design the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used in objective assessment Finally a walking rotary cultivatordesign was used as a case to check the abovemethods0e research can effectively adjust the contradiction between rationality andsensibility in products and apply it to the product equipment with function as the main part to design the products of com-prehensive quality that conform to the trend of social aesthetics so as to form the brand effect of high added value 0e resultsshowed that these methods were effective and feasible for the innovative design of agricultural machinery products
1 Introduction
With the continuous integration and diversification of theglobal market and the growing demand for personalizedconsumption industrial design is no longer limited to thetraditional category with functions colors and shapes as thecore but develops to mass customization production It isparticularly important to quickly integrate the userrsquos de-mand for agricultural machinery product design [1] Atpresent functional and technical indicators are importantindicators of agricultural machinery product designHowever with the increasing diversification of user demandfor agricultural machinery products its comprehensivequality is more and more important in the market com-petition0erefore designers are faced with two problems indesigning agricultural machinery products one is how toobtain and understand the needs of users and the other ishow to better match the appearance of agricultural ma-chinery products with the functional technology
KE is a research method to explore the relationshipbetween users and products [2] It is an engineeringtechnology that makes users feel satisfied by quantifyingthe perceptual needs of users and transforming them into aform factor considered by designers when designingproducts [3] User preferences in design process of brandedproducts are addressed through several layers of mediationlink with consumers products and engineering designersor product designers Designers cannot make their ownassumptions about consumer needs and preferences Inorder to quickly respond to the customerrsquos demand ofproduct modeling style the key geometrical features ofproduct modeling are extracted by the eye movement testand the mapping relation and design progress betweencustomers and product are established [5] With thecontinuous development of personalized production thedesign of mechanical equipment based on functionaltechnology also needs to consider the userrsquos demand forhigh-quality products Designers need to introduce the
HindawiMathematical Problems in EngineeringVolume 2019 Article ID 8179851 18 pageshttpsdoiorg10115520198179851
theory of sensible engineering to design mechanicalproducts that are satisfactory to users
0e theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) wasdeveloped in the Soviet Union in 1946 by Genrich AltshullerTRIZ is a method of innovative design which has beenwidely applied in engineering design and gradually ex-panded to other fields [6] In order to solve the contradictionbetween products and service components Kim and Yoon[7] proposed a new concept of product-service system (PSS)which was used to develop the quality functions of keyfeatures of products and services and was applied to auto-motive shared services Tan et al [8] combined TRIZ withanalogy theory put forward the related conceptual designprocess model and improved the designerrsquos innovativedesign ability Liu et al [9] combinedmorphology and TRIZbroadened the application dimension of morphologymatrixand improved the innovation ability of solving productproblems Based on the analyses of 140 biological systemsthat were derived from biomimetic sources by a TRIZ-basedmethod Cohen et al [10] provided a list and examples ofstructure-function patterns that repeat in biomimetic ap-plications However the research of TRIZmostly stays in theangle of product function and engineering technology andseldom pays attention to the subjective aesthetics of cus-tomers In order to meet the userrsquos perceptual preference foragricultural machinery products it is necessary to fullyconsider the perceptual needs of users
0e above two methods have advantages in productinnovation design 0e KE method focuses more on productperception and TRIZ is based on the functions and tech-nologies of engineering design Basing on KE and TRIZ Sunand Kong [11] carried out innovative design and evaluationof automobile seats from the aspects of subjective aestheticsand structural functions However in the face of productstructure and complex function this method lacks reliabilityand effectiveness about the objective evaluation of in-novative design 0erefore it is imperative to develop in-terdisciplinary design approaches to solve ldquointerfacerdquo issuesamong different domains such as engineering designmarket demand usage context social behavior environ-mental impact assessments and other factors [12]
0e most straightforward explanation for perceptualengineering is the technology that translates the consumerrsquosperceptuality into product design elements 0e aim is toprovide designers and manufacturers with a way to grasp theemotional and spiritual needs of users and translate theseneeds into product design elements in order to enhance thecompetitive advantage of products in the market In in-dustrial design perceptual engineering regards the userrsquospsychological feelings imagery and psychological expec-tations such as practicability aesthetics high grade ex-quisiteness and so on From the perspective of the designprocess perceptual engineering uses engineering technologyas a means to quantify peoplersquos feelings finds the high-orderfunction relationship between these sensible quantities andvarious physical quantities and uses quantitative data as thebasis of engineering analysis and research
TRIZ conducts in-depth research on problems by askingquestions analyzing problems performing component and
interaction analysis constructing functional model dia-grams and using technical conflicts physical conflictsstandard solutions and scientific effects in the TRIZ toolboxso as to find the most simple efficient and economicalsolution Among them TRIZ proposes 39 engineering pa-rameters describing the technical conflicts and 40 inventionprinciples In order to establish the corresponding re-lationship between the two a contradiction conflict matrix isproposed When solving the actual problem as long as theconflict parameters in the design are determined the cor-responding invention principle can be selected in the conflictmatrix and the relevant solution is found according to thepromptness of the invention principle
With the promulgation of the Made in China 2025policy peoplersquos demand for comprehensive quality of me-chanical equipment is increasing but the design of me-chanical equipment based on functional technology islimited by factors such as materials structure and process0erefore the contradictory solution idealized solution andevolutionary prediction technology in TRIZ are applied tothe perceptual design 0rough the mining and mapping ofthe contradiction between the mechanical product designelements and the perceptual design elements the designconforms to the mechanical product design requirements0e idealized model and the innovative design modelprovide the basis for seeking the optimal solution offunctional technology and art form in product design
In this work by constructing the innovative designmodel of KE-TRIZ and applying the AHP to verify theconceptual scheme of agricultural machinery products aninnovative design method to guarantee the high quality ofagricultural machinery products was proposed Taking thehand-held rotary tiller as an example the conceptual designscheme matching appearance and function was obtainedthrough the KE-TRIZ model 0en the conceptual schemeand the typical samples of the product were analyzed by theAHP and the weights of the relative innovative scheme forthe hand-held rotary tiller was calculated which indicatedwhether the conceptual design method was innovative ornot 0e results suggest that this design process was moreconvenient and efficient and also provide an importantreference for the development of related agricultural ma-chinery products and the design of other engineeringproducts
2 Innovative Design and Evaluation
Innovation design and evaluation model consists of theremain steps (as shown in Figure 1) user requirement analysis(URA) innovative design based on KE and TRIZ and designevaluation 0ese steps are explained as follows
21 Step 1 User Requirement Analysis (URA)(1) Product perceptual image collection the design
object was analyzed in this work the design objectwas the agricultural machinery products based onfunction Firstly a large number of perceptual vo-cabularies were obtained by consulting relevant
2 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
literature and consulting relevant design experts Inorder to meet the requirements of dierent levels ofusers on the cognitive characteristics of the designobjects image adjectives describing the design ob-jects were strictly selected as experimental variablesby means of SD [13]
(2) Analysis of the elements of modeling design a largenumber of samples were collected excluding theinuence of material and brand After discussingwith experts and engineers with relevant experiencethe samples were classied according to the shapeand structure of the product and then the
Design object
Establishment of sample base
Key geometric features
Representative sample
Perceptual engineering
Emotional lexical pair
Preliminary engineeringPrincipal component analysis
SD survey method
Step 1 user requirement analysis
21
3
Conceptual design models
39 engineering parameters
Appearance Function
40 principles of invention
Detailed design
QFDConstruction
Appearance structure model Functional technology model
Is there a contradiction
Technological conflict Physical conflict
Standard solution Scientific effect
TRIZ
tool
box
Computer-aided design
Component analysis
Interaction analysis
Functional model diagramFunc
tion
anal
ysis
Sample scheme
Analytic hierarchy process
Determine the final plan
Subject scheme
Evaluation
Expert
Judgment matrix
Step 2 innovative designbased on KE-TRIZ
Step 3 design evaluation
1
2
3
NoYes
Figure 1 Innovative design model for agricultural machinery products
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 3
representative samples were selected according to thetypical characteristic combination of the product
(3) Screening and dimension reduction of perceptualpaired words according to the degree of affiliation ofthe perceptual vocabulary which was analyzed andsummed up perceptual word pairs of the typicalsamples in reclaimed questionnaire data were scoredby a 7-point Likert scale method and analyzed byCronbachrsquos alpha method and reliability analysis0e K Langbach coefficient method can test thereliability and consistency of the survey results PCA[14] can be used to extract a small number of per-ceptual vocabularies which can represent most of theperceptual vocabulary variables 0e PCA methodwas used to select the main perceptual vocabulary bythe contribution rate of each index and 4ndash6 pairs ofperceptual vocabulary were screened out ultimately
α k
k minus 11 minus
1113936ki1S
2i
S2x1113890 1113891 (1)
where α is the statistical factor in the K Langbach coefficientmethod k is the number of items S2i is the variance of theitem i and S2x is the overall solution variance for all items
When α is larger than 08 the questionnaire data arereliable
22 Step 2 Innovative Design Based on KE-TRIZ(1) Creating conceptual design models the above 4ndash6
pairs of perceptual words were classified into twogroups based on KE One group is about the ap-pearance structure model and the other is about thefunctional technology model Based on the existingagricultural machinery product situation [15] aconceptual agricultural machinery design model wasconstructed in each group preliminarily
(2) Detailed design by analyzing the perceptual image ofthe agricultural machinery product finding out theengineering parameters of agricultural machineryproducts which need to be improve and then car-rying out the contradiction total matrix analysis iswhich based on TRIZ a series of inventive principleswere obtained and analyzed so as to put forward thedetailed design principles of the agricultural ma-chinery product 0e contradiction between theappearance structure model and function technologymodel was analyzed If there was a contradiction thedesigner used TRIZ toolbox to analyze the designmodel in detail which makes the design model moreperfect
(3) Computer-aided design according to the above stepsagricultural machinery products were designed bycomputer-aided industrial design software
23 Step 3 Design Evaluation In order to objectivelyevaluate the conceptual design of agricultural machineryproducts the AHP was used to evaluate the innovative
design scheme and the previous selection of typical agri-cultural machinery samples [16] 0e AHP was used for thiswork because it has good objectivity and practicability [17]0e basic steps of the AHP are shown as follows
(1) In determining the high-quality agricultural ma-chinery product scheme the hierarchical structure ofthe system should be established target layer cri-terion layer and scheme layer
(2) Compare the indicators of criterion layer with theindicators of scheme layer to determine the weightcoefficient of each layer As shown in Table 1 ajudgment matrix A (B) was constructed
A(B) aij1113872 1113873ntimesn
(2)
A series of pairwise comparisons was made betweenA and B at the same level using the nine-point scalewhich included all the odd numbers ranged from oneto nine and their reciprocal values In this steppairwise comparative matrices are formulated for allevaluation criteria [18]
(3) Calculate the relative importance of elements under asingle criterion 0e feature vector W(23) and themaximum eigenvalue λmax of the judgment matrix A(B) are calculated Eigenvalues are the weight vectorsamong the indexes and themaximum eigenvalues areused to test the consistency of the judgment matrices
CR CIRI
CI λmax minus n
n minus 1
λmax 1n
1113944
n
i1
1113936(nj 1)aijωj
ωi
(3)
where CI is the consistency index RI is the averagerandom consistency index (as shown in Table 2) andλis the eigenvalue of the matrixWhen CRlt 01 it means that the judgment matrix isacceptable [19]
(4) Calculate the weight of the scheme layer to the targetlayer P 0e equation is presented as follows
P ω(3)1 ω(3)
2 ω(3)31113872 1113873ω(2)
(4)
3 Innovative Design and Evaluation for Hand-Held Rotary Tiller
31 User Requirement Analysis (URA) for Hand-Held RotaryTiller 0e steps of KE are as follows (1) target productsamples and emotional image vocabulary collection (2)preliminary clustering of perceptual vocabulary throughquestionnaires and (3) use PCA to reduce the dimension ofperceptual vocabulary and extract perceptual vocabularythat best represents users
4 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
0is work took the innovative design of the hand-heldrotary tiller as an example to illustrate the method Firstly100 perceptual vocabularies related to hand-held rotarytillers were extracted from the objective natural language ofusers 0rough Taobao physical stores and official websitesdesigners collected a large number of samples and con-ducted a large number of analysis and screening 0en thedesigner analyzed the characteristics of the hand-held rotarytiller and selected four typical samples according to themodeling characteristics of the rotary tiller 0e experimentfinally selected 4 kinds of hand-held rotary tillers as typicalsamples and they are shown in Table 3 0en 10 seniordesigners and 20 rival rotary tillers drivers were selected asrespondents Among them 4 designers majored in agri-cultural machinery 6 designers were graduate students inindustrial design 5 drivers had no operation experience and15 drivers had driving experience In the questionnairethere were 12 pairs of adjectives and their antonyms whichwere extracted as reference words for the style description ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as shown shown in Table 4However some adjectives were overlaps in semantics 0eywere given marks according to the Likert 7-point scalemethod for four representative hand-held rotary samplesAnd 6 pairs among them were selected by PCA and theywere thought as representative semantic adjectives for thehand-held rotary tillers [20]
30 Likert 7-point scale questionnaires were designedaccording to the above theory In order to analyze the re-liability of the questionnaire data the reliability of thequestionnaire data was tested by reliability analysis by usingSPSS 50 0e reliability statistics is 0885 which is greaterthan 08 To conclude the 12 pairs of adjectives and theirantonyms in these questionnaires are reliable
A group of new variables was obtained by PCA 0econtribution of variance of these new variables is not thesame 0e extraction of common factors is essentially todetermine some factors from which the information of theoriginal variables can be explained the most All the factorswith selectable eigenvalue greater than a certain critical valueare used as common factors and all the factors with selectableeigenvalue greater than 1 were extracted as common factors
0e data in Table 5 show the eigenvalues variance contri-bution and cumulative variance contribution of the factorsafter the extraction of common factors and after rotation [21]
12 groups of adjectives and antonyms were analyzed inSPSS and the results are shown in Table 6 0ere were sixpairs of adjectives and antonyms related to the principalcomponent the first group included dynamic-static andharmonious-disharmonious the second group consisted ofcomfortable-uncomfortable and practical-gaudy the thirdgroup included safe-dangerous and the fourth groupconsisted of individual-common
0ese four principal components contribute to 81872of the modeling style semantic feature information that is tosay these four style semantic feature principal componentscan well describe the modeling style features of the testsample cases
32 Innovative Design Based on KE and TRIZ for Hand-HeldRotary Tiller Quality function deployment (QFD) translatescustomer or market requirements into design requirementsprocess requirements and production requirements In orderto initially construct an idealizedmodel the house of quality isbuilt by means of the selected perceptual vocabulary andrelevant TRIZ invention principles and the relationshipbetween customer requirements and the performance of thecorresponding products is determined by means of QFDtheoretical knowledge which lays a foundation for the ap-plication of TRIZ later Building a House of Quality (HOQ)mainly includes the following steps (1) calculating user needsand their weights (2) 9 3 and 1 represent values of the strongmedium and weak relation respectively and the relationmatrix is established according to the values (3) the designerestablishes the floor of the HOQ by determining the targetvalue of the quality characteristics (4) competitive analysiscollect the products of the rotary tiller and establish thecompetitive ability evaluation matrix (the competitive abilityis expressed by 1sim5 1 is the worst 5 is the best) (5) technicalcapability evaluation according to the evaluation of pro-fessionals and their own experience the technical capability ofthe current products is compared with that of the competitiveproducts in the important characteristics and the technicalcapability matrix is established and (6) evaluation of therelationship between quality characteristics 0e results areshown in Figure 2
Based on the mapping of representative perceptualvocabulary with the engineering parameters of TRIZ and thecurrent situation of the hand-held rotary tiller the idealizedmodel of hand-held rotary tiller design is preliminarilyconstructed from two aspects of exterior structure andfunction technology as shown in Table 6 [22] Designers canrefer to the weight of stationary objects in TRIZ and createthe dynamic sensibility of products through the overallvolume of products Designers can also embody the har-mony of the whole product through the shape of theproduct In order to personalize the product the designerdesigns the product by feeding back different information tothe consumers Improving the reliability of products canimprove the safety of users using products
Table 1 0e pairwise comparison judgment
Intensity ofimportance Explanation
1 Demand ai has equal importance to demand aj3 Demand ai has weak importance than demand aj5 Demand ai has essential importance than demand aj7 Demand ai is less important than demand aj13 Demand ai is slightly less important than demand aj15 Demand ai is obviously less important than demand
aj17 Demand ai is extremely unimportant than demand aj
Table 2 Average random consistency index
n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9RI 0 0 058 094 112 124 132 141 145
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 5
Table 3 Modeling features of the hand-held rotary tiller
Sample Modeling feature Characteristic analysis Typical sample
Sample 1 Rotary tiller knife and other tools can be replaced
Sample 2 Wheels and rotary tillage knife position put to thefront
Sample 3 Traditional modeling
Sample 4 Hand-held rotary tiller was adjustable
Table 4 12 pairs of adjectives and their antonyms
Num Adjective pairs1 Comfortable-uncomfortable4 Dynamic-static7 Steady-light10 Easy-laborious2 Hard-weak5 Safe-dangerous8 Advanced-outdated11 Holistic-partial3 Practical-gaudy6 Individual-common9 Gorgeous-simple12 Harmonious-disharmonious
Table 5 PCA of semantic features of style
ComponentsInitial eigenvalue Extracting the sum of squares
Total Variance contribution()
Cumulative contribution() Total Variance contribution
()Cumulative contribution
()1 5876 48965 48965 5876 48965 489652 1617 13477 62442 1617 13477 624423 1322 11019 73460 1322 11019 734604 1009 8412 81872 1009 8412 81872 12 0010 0086 100000
6 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
In order to improve the practicability of products de-signers can adopt the principle of adaptability and versatilityin TRIZ theory Since the change in appearance structureaffects the shape parameters the invention is applied to thestatistical principle of the shape parameters used in thecontradiction matrix as shown in Table 7 0e inventionprinciple with higher usage rate is selected so that theoriginal understanding of the appearance structure design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller is provided and the improvementdescription of the inductive design of the hand-held rotarytiller is proposed as shown in Table 80ere are 17 principlesof invention for design (C10 Prior action C1 SegmentationC14 Spheroidality C15 Dynamicity C32 Changing thecolor C34 Rejecting and regenerating parts C35 Trans-formation of physical and chemical states of an object C2Extraction C4 Asymmetry C29 Use a pneumatic or hy-draulic construction C40 Composite materials C13 In-version C22 Convert harm into benefit C26 Copying C5Combining C17 Moving to a new dimension C28 Re-placement of a mechanical system)
According to the interpretation of the invention theshape of the hand-held rotary tiller was initially drawn byhand Designers can propose the direction of design throughthe inspiration of the principle of invention In order toembody the dynamics and coordination of the scheme thedesigner can use streamlined body language to form aconcise and harmonious overall form of the handrail con-necting rod and the head of the hand-held rotary tiller andmatch the reasonable color matching proportion to reducethe volume of the machine in the visual sense In order toreflect the comfort of the scheme the designer can divide themain view and the top view of the rotary tiller reasonably soas to stimulate the userrsquos sense of stability of themachine (seeFigure 3)
System component function analysis is a process ofmodeling system function0emodel should include systemcomponents hypersystem components objects and so onOn this basis the functional model diagram of the hand-heldrotary tiller was constructed as shown in Figure 4 Func-tional model diagrams can help designers understand thesystem identify the problems in the system identify thetypes of problems get inspiration to solve related problemsand then find appropriate solutions for each type of prob-lems in a precise way 0e designer first establishes thecomponent hierarchy model by component analysis then
analyses the relationship between system components es-tablishes the system component relationship model andestablishes the functional model System component func-tion analysis of the hand-held rotary tiller the operator issafe when both hands leave the handle of the hand-heldrotary tiller System components switch hand-held con-necting rods chassis motor rotary tillage knife wheels andtransmission hypersystem components vegetation and soilObjects handles and rotary blade
As shown in Table 9 through the analysis of the relevantengineering parameters in the TRIZ conflict matrix thedesigner has obtained the functional requirements of thehand-held rotary tiller as well as the principles of the in-vention to solve the corresponding problems In Table 9 (12)denotes the engineering parameter serial number and 1 de-notes the serial number of the inventive principle
In Table 10 ldquordquo indicates that the principle is the optimalsolution ldquordquo indicates that the principle needs to be con-sidered and ldquordquo means that the principle was constrainedby the current system and structure or cannot work [23] Forinstance in consideration of safety the physicalchemicalparameters of the existing hand-held rotary tiller had beenbasically determined and it was not necessary to increase thecost to change them Cushion in advance was less innovativebut it is worthy of consideration Segmentation rushingthrough and partial or overdone action were not useful forsafety Replacement of a mechanical system was a new ideathat should be taken into consideration
Several principles with ldquordquo and ldquordquo in Table 11 are il-lustrated in Table 12 for technical improvement of the hand-held rotary tiller
As shown in Table 11 the technical improvements(replacement of mechanical systems porous materialscomposites and dynamics) made by the designer on thehand-held rotary tiller do not conflict with the appearanceimprovements in Table 9 (dynamic harmonious and in-dividual) 0is indicated that the conceptual design can becontinued According to the interpretation of the inventionprinciples the functional technology of the hand-held rotarytiller was preliminarily conceived (see Figure 5)
According to the improvement of product appearanceand function technology explained by the invention prin-ciples three-dimensional modeling and rendering of theproduct were carried out by computer-aided technologyDesigners should meet the physiological and psychological
Table 6 Perceptual design of the hand-held rotary tiller idealized model
Emotionalwords TRIZ engineering parameters Current situation Idealized model
Exteriorstructure
DynamicWeight of stationary object
shape and loss of information
Monotonous old-fashioned colormatching poor systematicdesign and lack of corporate
identity information
Harmonious color design refinedgeometrical shape and full ofcorporate identity information
HarmoniousIndividual
Functionaltechnology
Safety Reliability harmful factorsproduced by objects andadaptability and versatility
Knife will hurt the operator andlacking ergonomic design
Safety high efficiencycomfortable ergonomic design
and reinforced structuralstructures
Comfortable
Practical
All TRIZ engineering parameters in Table 6 come from the 39 engineering parameters in TRIZ
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 7
needs of consumers when designing the appearance andtechnical functions of hand-held rotary tiller In computer-aided modeling the designer extracts some elements of the
front shape of the cattle for the front design of the hand-heldrotary tiller and assembles the front and the hand-held rodinto the head image of the cattle e traditional image of
First Second Third 1 2 3 4 5
Dynamic 3 1 2
Harmonious 5 1 2
Individual 5 1 2
Safety 39 1 2
Comfortable 13 1 2
Practical 33 1 2
5
4
3
2
1
Relative importance 012 014 003 025 022 024
Importance rating (10 ratings) 5 6 1 10 9 10
Absolute importance 180 210 45 384 333 354
Technical assessment 2 2
1 1 1
2 1 1 1 2 2
3 1 3 9
Target Value
Para
met
ric d
esig
n of
inte
gral
mod
elin
g
Usin
g ge
omet
ry b
ioni
c des
ign
Uni
fied
colo
r mat
chin
g an
d ad
ded
war
ning
signs
St
reng
then
the s
truc
ture
and
impr
ove t
hean
ti-vi
brat
ion
perfo
rman
ce
Set u
p pr
ecau
tions
Impr
ovem
ent o
f hum
an-m
achi
nepe
rform
ance
of h
andl
e and
rota
ry ti
llers
High-quality hand-held
rotary tiller
Exterior structure
Functional technology
3 3 9 3 1
3 3 9 1
3 9 1
3 9
1 2 3 4 5 6
3 3
9 Strong relation 3 Medium relation 1 Weak relation
Strong positive correlation Weak positive correlation
times Strong negative correlation Weak negative correlation
Market competitiveness evaluation
1 Current status 2 Competitor
Dem
and
impo
rtan
ce
Wei
ght o
f sta
tiona
ry o
bjec
t
Shap
e
Loss
of i
nfor
mat
ion
Relia
bilit
y
Har
mfu
l fac
tors
pro
duce
d by
obj
ects
Ada
ptab
ility
and
vers
atili
ty
times
Customer demand expansion
times
Technical indicators
Figure 2 Innovative design model for agricultural machinery products
8 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
Table 7 Number of times inventive principles are used by improving shape parameters
Principle ofinvention Num Principle of
invention Num Principle of invention Num Principle of invention Num
1 Segmentation 9 11 Cushion inadvance 0 21 Rushing through 0 31 Use of Porous material 0
2 Extraction 5 12 Equipotentiality 0 22 Convert harm into benefit 4 32 Changing the color 73 Localconditions 2 13 Inversion 4 23 Feedback 0 33 Homogeneity 1
4 Asymmetry 5 14 Spheroidality 9 24 Mediator 0 34 Rejecting and regeneratingparts 7
5 Combining 3 15 Dynamicity 9 25 Self-service 1 35 Transformation of physicaland chemical states of an object 6
6 Universality 2 16 Partial oroverdone action 2 26 Copying 4 36 Phase transition 1
7 Nesting 2 17 Moving to a newdimension 3
27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive
durable one0 37 0ermal expansion 1
8 Counterweight 1 18 Mechanicalvibration 2 28 Replacement of a mechanical
system 3 38 Using strong oxidizers 0
9 Prior counter 1 19 Periodic action 1 29 Use a pneumatic or hydraulicconstruction 5 39 Inert environment 1
10 Prior action 10 20 Continuity ofuseful action 0 30 Flexible film or hydraulic
construction 2 40 Composite materials 5
Table 8 Description of appearance improvements of hand-held rotary tiller
Appearance Original understanding Description of improvement
Dynamic
Segmentation curved surfacedynamic characteristicsphysicalchemical change
combination
Curved surface design geometric scale bright andrefreshing feeling
Harmonious
Preactiondiscard or regenerate
extractionpneumatic and hydraulic structures
spatial dimension changemechanical system substitution
Parametric design concise and harmonious matchcolors for design the sense of volume in geometric
form
Individual
Change the colorcompositeasymmetry
spatial dimension change
Reasonable division of the layout systematic designchange harmful factors to favourable factors
All the original understandings come from TRIZ theory
(a) (b)
Figure 3 Hand drawing of the hand-held rotary tiller
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 9
bull head has been reinterpreted into the modern image ofbull head as shown in Figure 6 It expressed the traditionalcultivation culture Finally we used computer-aided in-dustrial design software to model the hand-held rotary tillerwith this image and obtained an innovative conceptualdesign scheme as shown in Figures 7 and 8
33 Design Evaluation for Hand-Held Rotary Tiller In orderto verify the reliability and innovation of conceptual designa conceptual scheme evaluation map was made with four
typical samples as shown in Figure 9 0e weight of fiveschemes were calculated by the AHP and construction ofjudgment matrix and the evaluation results of conceptualdesign scheme and other typical sample schemes were ob-tained [24]
0ree aspects of the 5 schemes modeling function andcolor matching were evaluated to find out an innovativehand-held rotary tiller design scheme (see Figure 10) In thiswork the evaluation weight was confirmed by several ex-perts including two industrial design experts and two ag-ricultural machinery design experts 0e results were more
Switch Hand connecting rod Motor
Chassis
GearingWheel
Handle
Rotary blade
Vegetation
Soil
Hold Support
Support
Control
Hold
SupportControl Control
DriveSupport
Support
Obstacle
Obstacle
Adhesion
Adhesion
Conrol
Control
Control
System component
Hypersystem component
Object
Normal functionInadequate function
Harmful function
Figure 4 System component function analysis of the hand-held rotary tiller
Table 9 Analysis on engineering parameters of hand-held rotary tillers
Emotionalwords Function Improvement factors Deteriorating factors TRIZ solution
SafetySafety (27) Reliability
(9) Speed 1 Segmentation 11 Cushion in advance21 Rushing through 16 Partial or
overdone action 28 Replacement of amechanical system 35 Transformation ofphysical and chemical states of an object
(12) Shape
Antivibration (31) Harmful factors sideeffects (36) Complexity of device 1 Segmentation 19 Periodic action 31
Use of porous materials
Comfortable Antiskid (27) Reliability (30) Harmful factors acting onobject
2 Extraction 27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive durable one
35 Transformation of physical andchemical states of an object 40 Composite
materials
Practical Practical (35) Adaptability (36) Complexity of equipment
15 Dynamicity 28 Replacement of amechanical system 29 Use a pneumatic or
hydraulic construction 37 0ermalexpansion
All Arabic numerals in Table 9 are the serial numbers in the TRIZ conflict matrix
10 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
objective because both of them were very familiar with thehand-held rotary tiller [25] And several judgment matriceswere constructed according to the data of questionnaires0rough the evaluation matrix the designer determines therequirement weighting coefficients of the criterion layer andthe scheme layer
331 Construction of Judgment Matrix
(1) Constructing judgment matrix As1 of the criterionlayer (s 1 2 3 and 4 where s stands for expert t 12 3 4 5 and 6 where t stands for scheme)
A11
1 315
13
15
1
13
113
13
15
13
5 3 1 3 1 5
3 313
113
5
5 5 1 3 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Table 10 Functional principles of the hand-held rotary tiller
Function Principle Principle elaboration
Safety
Replacement of a mechanical system Cushion in advance
Segmentation Rushing through
Partial or overdone action Transformation of physical and chemical states of an
object
Replacement of a mechanical system was currently arelatively new idea that can be tracked further
Cushion in advance was less innovative but it neededstudying
Segmentation rushing through and partial oroverdone action were not useful for safetyIt was not necessary to increase the cost for
transformation of physical and chemical states of anobject
AntivibrationUse of porous materials
Periodic action Segmentation
Use of porous materials was useful for buffervibrations Periodic action may cause resonance
Segmentation was not appropriate for Antivibration
Antiskid
Composite materials An inexpensive short-life object instead of an
expensive durable oneTransformation of physical and chemical states of an
object Extraction
Composite materials can be considered emphatically0e inventive principle of cheap alternatives was
needed further analysis 0e principle thattransformation of physical and chemical states of ahand-held rotary tiller may increase costs was not
taken into accountExtraction was not very suitable for the product
Practical
Dynamicity Replacement of a mechanical system
Use a pneumatic or hydraulic construction0ermal expansion
Dynamicity deserves to be considered and used0e inventive principle of replacing mechanical systemsusing pneumatic or hydraulic structures can continue to
be tracked 0ermal expansion can be excludedAll the principles come from the 40 original principles of TRIZ
Table 11 Description of technical improvements of the hand-held rotary tiller
Principle name Description of improvement
Replacement of a mechanical system0epressure sensor in the handle of the hand-held rotary tiller can detect the pressure of theoperatorrsquos hands on the handle When an accident occurs the single chip microcomputer
built in the hand-held rotary tiller will cut off the motor and stop the work
Use of porous materials Porous materials can be used for sound insulation but also can reduce the quality andvibration of hand-held rotary tiller
Composite materials 0e composite material can be used to improve the strength and rigidity of the machineand reduce the quality of the hand-held rotary tiller
Dynamicity Hand-held connecting rod was adjustable Rotary tiller blade can be replaced
Table 12 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotarytillers
A11minus B A21minus B A31minus B A41minus B
ω(2)s1
00608 00470 00460 0052400348 00278 00460 0029003419 04242 03953 0413901597 01275 00985 0133003419 03233 03569 0315500608 00502 00573 00561
λmax 65433 65882 65313 65504CI 01087 01176 01063 01101CR 00876 00949 00857 00888 Accept
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 11
Chassis Motor
Rotary bladeWheel
Gearing
Handle
Wire Pressure sensors
Hand connecting rod
Monochip computers
Height adjustable
Replacement of blade
Figure 5 Functional system diagram of the hand-held rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
Figure 6 Iterative design of front face pattern of the rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c)
Figure 7 Conceptual design scheme of the hand-held rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Figure 8 Color series of the hand-held rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
Figure 9 Typical sample schemes and conceptual design scheme (a) Scheme 1 (b) Scheme 2 (c) Scheme 3 (d) Scheme 4 (e) Scheme 5
12 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
A21
1 317
13
17
1
13
115
13
15
13
7 5 1 5 1 7
3 315
113
5
7 5 1 3 1 3
1 317
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
A31
1 115
13
15
1
1 115
115
13
5 5 1 5 1 5
3 115
115
5
5 5 1 5 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
A41
1 317
13
15
1
13
115
13
15
13
7 5 1 5 1 5
3 315
113
5
5 5 1 3 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
(5)
(2) Constructing judgment matrix Bst of the schemelayer
B11
113
315
15
3 1 5 3 1
13
15
117
17
515
7 1 1
5 1 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B21
113
315
15
3 1 5 113
13
15
113
13
5 1 7 1 1
5 3 3 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B31
113
515
15
3 1 3 1 13
15
13
115
17
5 1 5 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Target layer Selection of innovation scheme for hand-held rotary tiller
Criterionlayer
B1Harmonious
B2Dynamic
B3Safety
B4Comfortable
B5Practical
B6Individual
Schemelayer
C1Scheme 1
C2Scheme 2
C3Scheme 3
C1Scheme 1
C5Scheme 5
Figure 10 Hierarchical model of the hand-held rotary tiller
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 13
B41
113
315
13
3 1 515
13
13
15
115
15
5 5 5 1 3
3 3 513
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B12
113
15
15
15
3 1 3 5 1
15
13
115
17
515
5 1 1
5 1 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B22
113
513
13
3 1 3 1 115
13
115
15
3 1 5 113
3 1 5 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B32
113
515
15
3 1 313
13
15
13
117
17
5 3 7 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B42
113
515
17
3 1 313
13
15
13
115
15
5 3 5 1 1
7 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B13
115
13
17
15
5 1 3 113
313
113
17
7 1 3 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B23
113
113
15
3 1 313
13
113
115
17
3 3 5 113
5 3 5 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B33
113
315
17
3 1 313
15
13
13
117
17
5 5 3 113
7 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B43
113
113
15
3 1 315
15
113
115
15
315
5 1 1
5 5 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B14
113
13
15
15
3 1 113
15
1 1 113
17
5 3 3 113
5 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
14 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
B24
113
315
15
3 1 313
13
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 1 3
5 3 713
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B34
113
517
15
3 1 515
13
15
15
117
15
7 5 7 1 1
5 3 3 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B44
113
315
15
3 1 313
13
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 1 1
5 3 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B15
113
13
17
17
3 1 115
13
3 1 113
15
7 5 3 1 1
7 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B25 5
113
315
17
3 1 313
15
13
15
117
17
5 3 7 113
7 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B35
113
313
15
3 1 113
15
1 1 117
17
3 3 7 1 1
5 5 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B45
113
315
17
3 1 113
15
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 113
7 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B16
113
315
15
3 1 5 113
13
15
117
15
5 1 7 1 1
5 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B26
113
313
15
3 1 713
13
15
17
115
17
3 3 5 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B36
113
315
15
3 1 513
15
13
15
113
17
5 3 3 113
5 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 15
B46
113
515
17
3 1 513
15
15
15
115
17
5 3 5 1 1
7 5 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
(6)
332 Hierarchical Sequencing and Consistency Verification0e maximum eigenvalue λmax 65433 of the judgmentmatrix A11 was obtained by calculation and it was normalizedto ω(2)
11 (00608 00348 03419 01597 03419 00608) 0esix elements of the criterion layer are harmony dynamicssafety comfort practicality and individuality Consistency testis to test the coordination of the importance of each elementCI value of less than 1 indicates that consistency of thejudgmentmatrix is passed and the results are listed in Table 12
0e element bstij in the judgment matrix Bst is the comparisonmeasure of the superiority ofPt to C in the scheme layer (hand-held rotary tiller) 0e weight ω(3)
1t the maximum eigenvalueλmax and the consistency index CI1t were calculated from thecomparison judgment matrix B1t of the third layer and theresults are listed in Table 130e average of the total ranking ofthe scheme layers is shown in Table 14
After calculation the weight coefficient P of the 4 sampleschemes and a new conceptual design scheme of the targetlayer was obtained P1(C1) 007 P2(C2) 014 P3(C3)
006 P4(C4) 030 and P5(C5) 043 where Pt(C1) is theweight coefficient of sample 1 and so on 0erefore theinnovative conceptual design scheme was selected from thefive schemes because the weight coefficient of the conceptualdesign scheme P5(C5) was the largest one 043 0ismethod is effective and feasible for the innovative design ofagricultural machinery
4 Discussion
In order to improve the comprehensive quality of functionalproducts and meet the needs of users for product
Table 13 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotary tiller
B11ndashC B12ndashC B13ndashC B14ndashC B15ndashC B16ndashC Expert 1ω(3)1t 00815 00497 00417 00496 00434 00796
03322 03482 02016 01062 01063 0209100414 00465 00795 00797 01063 0043302290 02244 02156 02518 03720 0308603159 03312 04616 05127 03720 03594
λmax 52876 53691 52469 50252 50939 52194CI 00719 00923 00617 00063 00235 00548CR 00642 00824 00551 00056 00210 00490 Accept
B21ndashC B22ndashC B23ndashC B24ndashC B25ndashC B26ndashC Expert 2ω(3)2t 00856 01172 00712 00749 00658 00927
02247 02547 01524 01425 01209 0170500611 00502 00643 00422 00396 0034702799 02265 02619 04503 02726 0247303487 03515 04502 02902 05012 04547
λmax 54208 53773 52144 52785 52742 54268CI 01052 00943 00536 00696 00685 01067CR 00939 00842 00479 00622 00612 00935 Accept
B31ndashC B32ndashC B33ndashC B34ndashC B35ndashC B36ndashC Expert 3ω(3)3t 00855 00826 00669 00758 00692 00744
01832 01419 01231 01393 01074 0141600420 00379 00403 00359 00680 0044802247 02890 02595 04186 03393 0243404646 04485 05102 03304 04162 04957
λmax 53965 54257 53429 54404 52374 54451CI 00991 01064 00857 01101 00594 01113CR 00885 00950 00765 00983 00530 00994 Accept
B41ndashC B42ndashC B43ndashC B44ndashC B45ndashC B46ndashC Expert 4ω(3)4t 00846 00805 00697 00762 00658 00758
01454 01480 01216 01450 01209 0139300444 00452 00629 00429 00396 0035904757 03509 03538 03679 02726 0330402499 03754 03919 03679 05012 04186
λmax 54118 54301 52748 51295 52742 54404CI 01029 01075 00687 00324 00684 01101CR 00919 00960 00613 00289 00612 00983 Accept
16 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
personalization this paper puts forward the improvementexplanation of appearance and function and obtains the in-novative design scheme by introducing KE and TRIZ0eAHPwas used to evaluate the innovative design scheme Combiningwith the design of hand-held rotary tiller the correspondinginnovative design scheme was obtained and the design processwas attempted to be extended to other products 0e maincontent of the literature study [8 25 26] focused on the userrequirements mining or conceptual design stage and the re-searchers have not studied the application of detailed designstage and the subsequent evaluation of innovative design 0ispaper establishes an innovative design model from user needsmining conceptual design detailed design computer-aideddesign and scheme evaluation which is convenient for de-signers to design and develop products and also has a goodreference for innovative design of other products
However because the main research content of thispaper focuses on innovative design process the research onthe evaluation system of the scheme is insufficient In thefollowing work designers can introduce other design the-ories and methods to combine with existing research inorder to improve the process of innovative design
5 Conclusions
In order to improve the comprehensive quality of agricul-tural machinery products based on functional technologyand meet the needs of users the innovation design model ofagricultural machinery products based on KE-TRIZ wasconstructed
Firstly the designer used SD method and PCA methodto quantify and reduce the dimension of affective intentionwords aiming to select comprehensive variables repre-senting the needs of users Secondly by constructing a KE-TRIZ innovative design model the product appearance andfunction were innovatively designed and the contradictionbetween product appearance and function was analyzed tomake it well matched 0en taking the innovative design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as an example the applicationflow was described and the typical samples and designscheme were evaluated by the AHP which shows that themethod has obvious improvement in function and ap-pearance 0e KE-TRIZ method enables designers to designproducts more in line with the actual needs of users which iseffective and feasible for the innovative design of agriculturalmachinery
0e follow-up work is to further explore the integrationof technology cost and other multi-objective-driven in-novative designs of agricultural machinery products in orderto improve the applicability and integrity of the method
Data Availability
All data generated and analyzed during this study are in-cluded within the article
Conflicts of Interest
0e authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest
Authorsrsquo Contributions
Jian-wei Wang conceived and designed the study Jian-minZhang completed the design evaluation Jian-wei Wangcompleted product modeling Jian-min Zhang revised andpolished the manuscript All authors have read and ap-proved the final manuscript All authors contributed equallyto this work
Acknowledgments
0is work was supported by the Guizhou Natural ScienceFund Project (Guizhou Technology Cooperation SupportProgram (2017)1047) the Guizhou Science and TechnologyMajor Project (LH(2014)7629 LH(2016)7432 and LH(2017)7232) and the Academic New Seedling Cultivation andInnovation Exploration Specialization of Guizhou Univer-sity (Guizhou Platform Talents (2017)5788)
References
[1] G Q Yao C Q Xue and H Y Wang ldquoDesign method forcoach styling design based on image cognitionrdquo Journal ofSoutheast University Natural Science Edition vol 46 no 6pp 1198ndash1203 2016
[2] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei Engineering a new ergonomicconsumer-oriented technology for product developmentrdquoInternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 15 no 1pp 3ndash11 1995
[3] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei engineering as a powerful consumer-orientied technology for product developmentrdquo Applied Er-gonomics vol 33 no 3 pp 289ndash294 2002
[4] C E GolnooshRasoulifar and P Guy ldquoCommunicatingconsumer needs in the design process of branded productsrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015
[5] Y T Fu and S J Luo ldquoStyle perception-oriented productfamily shape gene designrdquo Comtuter IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 18 no 3 pp 449ndash457 2012
[6] L N Abdala R B Fernandes A Ogliari M Lower andJ Feldhusen ldquoCreative contributions of the methods of in-ventive principles of TRIZ and BioTRIZ to problem solvingrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 139 no 8 2017
[7] S Kim and B Yoon ldquoDeveloping a process of conceptgeneration for new product-service systems a QFD and
Table 14 Overall ranking result and average value of the third layer
Scheme Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 Scheme 5Expert 1 0048558458 0167268103 0083016534 0281635216 0419521689Expert 2 0072929489 0148099162 0051450184 0288521951 0438999215Expert 3 0070614603 0123757406 0050002922 0302460164 0453164905Expert 4 0070748371 0127513198 0049909632 0335077088 041675171Average value 006571273 0141659467 0058594818 0301923605 043210938
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 17
TRIZ-based approachrdquo Service Business vol 6 no 3pp 323ndash348 2012
[8] R H Tan R H Zhang F Liu and B J Yang ldquoTwo stagesanalogy-based conceptual design based on TRIZrdquo ComputerIntergrated Manufacturing Systems vol 12 no 3 pp 328ndash334 2006
[9] X Z Liu G N Qi J Z Fu B B Fan and J Xu ldquoA designprocess model of intergrated morphlolgical matrix andconflict resolving principlesrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 46 no 12 pp 2243ndash2258 2012
[10] Y H Cohen Y Reich and S Greenberg ldquoBiomineticsstructure-function patterns approachrdquo Journal of MechanicalDesign vol 136 no 11 2014
[11] L L Sun and F S Kong ldquoVisual comfort design of automobileseat based on Kansei engineering and TRIZ theoryrdquo Journal ofJinlin University Engineering and Technology Edition vol 44no 1 pp 106ndash110 2014
[12] W Chen C S Carolyn and Y Bernard ldquoSpecial issue userneeds and preferences in engineering designrdquo Journal ofMechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015
[13] Y X Huang C-H Chen and L P Khoo ldquoProducts clas-sification in emotional design using a basic-emotion basedsemantic differential methodrdquo International Journal of In-dustrial Ergonomics vol 42 no 6 pp 569ndash580 2012
[14] W Lu and J-F Petiot ldquoAffective design of products using anaudio-based protocol application to eyeglass framerdquo In-ternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 44 no 3pp 383ndash394 2014
[15] V Chulvi M C Gonzalez-Cruz E Mulet and J Aguilar-Zambrano ldquoInfluence of the type of idea-generation methodon the creativity of solutionsrdquo Research in Engineering Designvol 24 no 1 pp 33ndash41 2013
[16] B Mannan and Abid Haleem ldquoUnderstanding major di-mensions and determinants that help in diffusion amp adoptionof product innovation using AHP approachrdquo Journal ofGlobal Entrepreneurship Research vol 7 no 1 pp 1ndash24 2017
[17] T Wang and M R Liu ldquoApplication of QFD and AHP inrailway freight transportationrdquo Computer IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 24 no 1 pp 264ndash271 2018
[18] H-N Hsish J F Chen and Q H Du ldquoApplying TRIZ andfuzzy AHP based on lean production to develop an innovativedesign of a new shape for machine toolsrdquo Information vol 6no 1 pp 89ndash110 2015
[19] L-C Chen and L Lin ldquoOptimization of product configu-ration design using functional requirements and constraintsrdquoResearch in Engineering Design vol 13 no 3 pp 167ndash1822002
[20] Y Li M-D Shieh C-C Yang and L Zhu ldquoApplication offuzzy-based hybrid taguchi method for multiobjective opti-mization of product form designrdquo Mathematical Problems inEngineering vol 2018 Article ID 9091514 18 pages 2018
[21] Y Q Xu K Chen H B Qin and Z Y Wang ldquoStudy on theapplication of Kansei engineering in product form designrdquoApplied Mechanics and Materials vol 274 pp 513ndash516 2013
[22] S Hede P V Ferreira M N Lopes and L A Rocha ldquoTRIZand the paradigms of social sustainability in product devel-opment endeavorsrdquo Procedia Engineering vol 131 pp 522ndash538 2015
[23] Z Liu D Hu Y Gao et al ldquoTRIZ based revised design fordisassembly of joint structurerdquo Journal of Mechanical Engi-neering vol 48 no 11 pp 65ndash71 2012
[24] X Ji X J Gu F Dai et al ldquoBioTRIZ-based product in-novative design processrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 48 no 1 pp 35ndash41 2014
[25] X L Li W Zhao Y K Zheng R Wang and C WangldquoInnovative product design based on comprehensive cus-tomer requirements of different cognitive levelsrdquo lte Sci-entific World Journal vol 2014 Article ID 627093 11 pages2014
[26] G D Zhai Z H Liang and M Y Li ldquoStudy on the Opti-mization model of a flexible transmissionrdquo MathematicalProblems in Engineering vol 2019 Article ID 508457312 pages 2019
18 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
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theory of sensible engineering to design mechanicalproducts that are satisfactory to users
0e theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) wasdeveloped in the Soviet Union in 1946 by Genrich AltshullerTRIZ is a method of innovative design which has beenwidely applied in engineering design and gradually ex-panded to other fields [6] In order to solve the contradictionbetween products and service components Kim and Yoon[7] proposed a new concept of product-service system (PSS)which was used to develop the quality functions of keyfeatures of products and services and was applied to auto-motive shared services Tan et al [8] combined TRIZ withanalogy theory put forward the related conceptual designprocess model and improved the designerrsquos innovativedesign ability Liu et al [9] combinedmorphology and TRIZbroadened the application dimension of morphologymatrixand improved the innovation ability of solving productproblems Based on the analyses of 140 biological systemsthat were derived from biomimetic sources by a TRIZ-basedmethod Cohen et al [10] provided a list and examples ofstructure-function patterns that repeat in biomimetic ap-plications However the research of TRIZmostly stays in theangle of product function and engineering technology andseldom pays attention to the subjective aesthetics of cus-tomers In order to meet the userrsquos perceptual preference foragricultural machinery products it is necessary to fullyconsider the perceptual needs of users
0e above two methods have advantages in productinnovation design 0e KE method focuses more on productperception and TRIZ is based on the functions and tech-nologies of engineering design Basing on KE and TRIZ Sunand Kong [11] carried out innovative design and evaluationof automobile seats from the aspects of subjective aestheticsand structural functions However in the face of productstructure and complex function this method lacks reliabilityand effectiveness about the objective evaluation of in-novative design 0erefore it is imperative to develop in-terdisciplinary design approaches to solve ldquointerfacerdquo issuesamong different domains such as engineering designmarket demand usage context social behavior environ-mental impact assessments and other factors [12]
0e most straightforward explanation for perceptualengineering is the technology that translates the consumerrsquosperceptuality into product design elements 0e aim is toprovide designers and manufacturers with a way to grasp theemotional and spiritual needs of users and translate theseneeds into product design elements in order to enhance thecompetitive advantage of products in the market In in-dustrial design perceptual engineering regards the userrsquospsychological feelings imagery and psychological expec-tations such as practicability aesthetics high grade ex-quisiteness and so on From the perspective of the designprocess perceptual engineering uses engineering technologyas a means to quantify peoplersquos feelings finds the high-orderfunction relationship between these sensible quantities andvarious physical quantities and uses quantitative data as thebasis of engineering analysis and research
TRIZ conducts in-depth research on problems by askingquestions analyzing problems performing component and
interaction analysis constructing functional model dia-grams and using technical conflicts physical conflictsstandard solutions and scientific effects in the TRIZ toolboxso as to find the most simple efficient and economicalsolution Among them TRIZ proposes 39 engineering pa-rameters describing the technical conflicts and 40 inventionprinciples In order to establish the corresponding re-lationship between the two a contradiction conflict matrix isproposed When solving the actual problem as long as theconflict parameters in the design are determined the cor-responding invention principle can be selected in the conflictmatrix and the relevant solution is found according to thepromptness of the invention principle
With the promulgation of the Made in China 2025policy peoplersquos demand for comprehensive quality of me-chanical equipment is increasing but the design of me-chanical equipment based on functional technology islimited by factors such as materials structure and process0erefore the contradictory solution idealized solution andevolutionary prediction technology in TRIZ are applied tothe perceptual design 0rough the mining and mapping ofthe contradiction between the mechanical product designelements and the perceptual design elements the designconforms to the mechanical product design requirements0e idealized model and the innovative design modelprovide the basis for seeking the optimal solution offunctional technology and art form in product design
In this work by constructing the innovative designmodel of KE-TRIZ and applying the AHP to verify theconceptual scheme of agricultural machinery products aninnovative design method to guarantee the high quality ofagricultural machinery products was proposed Taking thehand-held rotary tiller as an example the conceptual designscheme matching appearance and function was obtainedthrough the KE-TRIZ model 0en the conceptual schemeand the typical samples of the product were analyzed by theAHP and the weights of the relative innovative scheme forthe hand-held rotary tiller was calculated which indicatedwhether the conceptual design method was innovative ornot 0e results suggest that this design process was moreconvenient and efficient and also provide an importantreference for the development of related agricultural ma-chinery products and the design of other engineeringproducts
2 Innovative Design and Evaluation
Innovation design and evaluation model consists of theremain steps (as shown in Figure 1) user requirement analysis(URA) innovative design based on KE and TRIZ and designevaluation 0ese steps are explained as follows
21 Step 1 User Requirement Analysis (URA)(1) Product perceptual image collection the design
object was analyzed in this work the design objectwas the agricultural machinery products based onfunction Firstly a large number of perceptual vo-cabularies were obtained by consulting relevant
2 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
literature and consulting relevant design experts Inorder to meet the requirements of dierent levels ofusers on the cognitive characteristics of the designobjects image adjectives describing the design ob-jects were strictly selected as experimental variablesby means of SD [13]
(2) Analysis of the elements of modeling design a largenumber of samples were collected excluding theinuence of material and brand After discussingwith experts and engineers with relevant experiencethe samples were classied according to the shapeand structure of the product and then the
Design object
Establishment of sample base
Key geometric features
Representative sample
Perceptual engineering
Emotional lexical pair
Preliminary engineeringPrincipal component analysis
SD survey method
Step 1 user requirement analysis
21
3
Conceptual design models
39 engineering parameters
Appearance Function
40 principles of invention
Detailed design
QFDConstruction
Appearance structure model Functional technology model
Is there a contradiction
Technological conflict Physical conflict
Standard solution Scientific effect
TRIZ
tool
box
Computer-aided design
Component analysis
Interaction analysis
Functional model diagramFunc
tion
anal
ysis
Sample scheme
Analytic hierarchy process
Determine the final plan
Subject scheme
Evaluation
Expert
Judgment matrix
Step 2 innovative designbased on KE-TRIZ
Step 3 design evaluation
1
2
3
NoYes
Figure 1 Innovative design model for agricultural machinery products
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 3
representative samples were selected according to thetypical characteristic combination of the product
(3) Screening and dimension reduction of perceptualpaired words according to the degree of affiliation ofthe perceptual vocabulary which was analyzed andsummed up perceptual word pairs of the typicalsamples in reclaimed questionnaire data were scoredby a 7-point Likert scale method and analyzed byCronbachrsquos alpha method and reliability analysis0e K Langbach coefficient method can test thereliability and consistency of the survey results PCA[14] can be used to extract a small number of per-ceptual vocabularies which can represent most of theperceptual vocabulary variables 0e PCA methodwas used to select the main perceptual vocabulary bythe contribution rate of each index and 4ndash6 pairs ofperceptual vocabulary were screened out ultimately
α k
k minus 11 minus
1113936ki1S
2i
S2x1113890 1113891 (1)
where α is the statistical factor in the K Langbach coefficientmethod k is the number of items S2i is the variance of theitem i and S2x is the overall solution variance for all items
When α is larger than 08 the questionnaire data arereliable
22 Step 2 Innovative Design Based on KE-TRIZ(1) Creating conceptual design models the above 4ndash6
pairs of perceptual words were classified into twogroups based on KE One group is about the ap-pearance structure model and the other is about thefunctional technology model Based on the existingagricultural machinery product situation [15] aconceptual agricultural machinery design model wasconstructed in each group preliminarily
(2) Detailed design by analyzing the perceptual image ofthe agricultural machinery product finding out theengineering parameters of agricultural machineryproducts which need to be improve and then car-rying out the contradiction total matrix analysis iswhich based on TRIZ a series of inventive principleswere obtained and analyzed so as to put forward thedetailed design principles of the agricultural ma-chinery product 0e contradiction between theappearance structure model and function technologymodel was analyzed If there was a contradiction thedesigner used TRIZ toolbox to analyze the designmodel in detail which makes the design model moreperfect
(3) Computer-aided design according to the above stepsagricultural machinery products were designed bycomputer-aided industrial design software
23 Step 3 Design Evaluation In order to objectivelyevaluate the conceptual design of agricultural machineryproducts the AHP was used to evaluate the innovative
design scheme and the previous selection of typical agri-cultural machinery samples [16] 0e AHP was used for thiswork because it has good objectivity and practicability [17]0e basic steps of the AHP are shown as follows
(1) In determining the high-quality agricultural ma-chinery product scheme the hierarchical structure ofthe system should be established target layer cri-terion layer and scheme layer
(2) Compare the indicators of criterion layer with theindicators of scheme layer to determine the weightcoefficient of each layer As shown in Table 1 ajudgment matrix A (B) was constructed
A(B) aij1113872 1113873ntimesn
(2)
A series of pairwise comparisons was made betweenA and B at the same level using the nine-point scalewhich included all the odd numbers ranged from oneto nine and their reciprocal values In this steppairwise comparative matrices are formulated for allevaluation criteria [18]
(3) Calculate the relative importance of elements under asingle criterion 0e feature vector W(23) and themaximum eigenvalue λmax of the judgment matrix A(B) are calculated Eigenvalues are the weight vectorsamong the indexes and themaximum eigenvalues areused to test the consistency of the judgment matrices
CR CIRI
CI λmax minus n
n minus 1
λmax 1n
1113944
n
i1
1113936(nj 1)aijωj
ωi
(3)
where CI is the consistency index RI is the averagerandom consistency index (as shown in Table 2) andλis the eigenvalue of the matrixWhen CRlt 01 it means that the judgment matrix isacceptable [19]
(4) Calculate the weight of the scheme layer to the targetlayer P 0e equation is presented as follows
P ω(3)1 ω(3)
2 ω(3)31113872 1113873ω(2)
(4)
3 Innovative Design and Evaluation for Hand-Held Rotary Tiller
31 User Requirement Analysis (URA) for Hand-Held RotaryTiller 0e steps of KE are as follows (1) target productsamples and emotional image vocabulary collection (2)preliminary clustering of perceptual vocabulary throughquestionnaires and (3) use PCA to reduce the dimension ofperceptual vocabulary and extract perceptual vocabularythat best represents users
4 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
0is work took the innovative design of the hand-heldrotary tiller as an example to illustrate the method Firstly100 perceptual vocabularies related to hand-held rotarytillers were extracted from the objective natural language ofusers 0rough Taobao physical stores and official websitesdesigners collected a large number of samples and con-ducted a large number of analysis and screening 0en thedesigner analyzed the characteristics of the hand-held rotarytiller and selected four typical samples according to themodeling characteristics of the rotary tiller 0e experimentfinally selected 4 kinds of hand-held rotary tillers as typicalsamples and they are shown in Table 3 0en 10 seniordesigners and 20 rival rotary tillers drivers were selected asrespondents Among them 4 designers majored in agri-cultural machinery 6 designers were graduate students inindustrial design 5 drivers had no operation experience and15 drivers had driving experience In the questionnairethere were 12 pairs of adjectives and their antonyms whichwere extracted as reference words for the style description ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as shown shown in Table 4However some adjectives were overlaps in semantics 0eywere given marks according to the Likert 7-point scalemethod for four representative hand-held rotary samplesAnd 6 pairs among them were selected by PCA and theywere thought as representative semantic adjectives for thehand-held rotary tillers [20]
30 Likert 7-point scale questionnaires were designedaccording to the above theory In order to analyze the re-liability of the questionnaire data the reliability of thequestionnaire data was tested by reliability analysis by usingSPSS 50 0e reliability statistics is 0885 which is greaterthan 08 To conclude the 12 pairs of adjectives and theirantonyms in these questionnaires are reliable
A group of new variables was obtained by PCA 0econtribution of variance of these new variables is not thesame 0e extraction of common factors is essentially todetermine some factors from which the information of theoriginal variables can be explained the most All the factorswith selectable eigenvalue greater than a certain critical valueare used as common factors and all the factors with selectableeigenvalue greater than 1 were extracted as common factors
0e data in Table 5 show the eigenvalues variance contri-bution and cumulative variance contribution of the factorsafter the extraction of common factors and after rotation [21]
12 groups of adjectives and antonyms were analyzed inSPSS and the results are shown in Table 6 0ere were sixpairs of adjectives and antonyms related to the principalcomponent the first group included dynamic-static andharmonious-disharmonious the second group consisted ofcomfortable-uncomfortable and practical-gaudy the thirdgroup included safe-dangerous and the fourth groupconsisted of individual-common
0ese four principal components contribute to 81872of the modeling style semantic feature information that is tosay these four style semantic feature principal componentscan well describe the modeling style features of the testsample cases
32 Innovative Design Based on KE and TRIZ for Hand-HeldRotary Tiller Quality function deployment (QFD) translatescustomer or market requirements into design requirementsprocess requirements and production requirements In orderto initially construct an idealizedmodel the house of quality isbuilt by means of the selected perceptual vocabulary andrelevant TRIZ invention principles and the relationshipbetween customer requirements and the performance of thecorresponding products is determined by means of QFDtheoretical knowledge which lays a foundation for the ap-plication of TRIZ later Building a House of Quality (HOQ)mainly includes the following steps (1) calculating user needsand their weights (2) 9 3 and 1 represent values of the strongmedium and weak relation respectively and the relationmatrix is established according to the values (3) the designerestablishes the floor of the HOQ by determining the targetvalue of the quality characteristics (4) competitive analysiscollect the products of the rotary tiller and establish thecompetitive ability evaluation matrix (the competitive abilityis expressed by 1sim5 1 is the worst 5 is the best) (5) technicalcapability evaluation according to the evaluation of pro-fessionals and their own experience the technical capability ofthe current products is compared with that of the competitiveproducts in the important characteristics and the technicalcapability matrix is established and (6) evaluation of therelationship between quality characteristics 0e results areshown in Figure 2
Based on the mapping of representative perceptualvocabulary with the engineering parameters of TRIZ and thecurrent situation of the hand-held rotary tiller the idealizedmodel of hand-held rotary tiller design is preliminarilyconstructed from two aspects of exterior structure andfunction technology as shown in Table 6 [22] Designers canrefer to the weight of stationary objects in TRIZ and createthe dynamic sensibility of products through the overallvolume of products Designers can also embody the har-mony of the whole product through the shape of theproduct In order to personalize the product the designerdesigns the product by feeding back different information tothe consumers Improving the reliability of products canimprove the safety of users using products
Table 1 0e pairwise comparison judgment
Intensity ofimportance Explanation
1 Demand ai has equal importance to demand aj3 Demand ai has weak importance than demand aj5 Demand ai has essential importance than demand aj7 Demand ai is less important than demand aj13 Demand ai is slightly less important than demand aj15 Demand ai is obviously less important than demand
aj17 Demand ai is extremely unimportant than demand aj
Table 2 Average random consistency index
n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9RI 0 0 058 094 112 124 132 141 145
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 5
Table 3 Modeling features of the hand-held rotary tiller
Sample Modeling feature Characteristic analysis Typical sample
Sample 1 Rotary tiller knife and other tools can be replaced
Sample 2 Wheels and rotary tillage knife position put to thefront
Sample 3 Traditional modeling
Sample 4 Hand-held rotary tiller was adjustable
Table 4 12 pairs of adjectives and their antonyms
Num Adjective pairs1 Comfortable-uncomfortable4 Dynamic-static7 Steady-light10 Easy-laborious2 Hard-weak5 Safe-dangerous8 Advanced-outdated11 Holistic-partial3 Practical-gaudy6 Individual-common9 Gorgeous-simple12 Harmonious-disharmonious
Table 5 PCA of semantic features of style
ComponentsInitial eigenvalue Extracting the sum of squares
Total Variance contribution()
Cumulative contribution() Total Variance contribution
()Cumulative contribution
()1 5876 48965 48965 5876 48965 489652 1617 13477 62442 1617 13477 624423 1322 11019 73460 1322 11019 734604 1009 8412 81872 1009 8412 81872 12 0010 0086 100000
6 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
In order to improve the practicability of products de-signers can adopt the principle of adaptability and versatilityin TRIZ theory Since the change in appearance structureaffects the shape parameters the invention is applied to thestatistical principle of the shape parameters used in thecontradiction matrix as shown in Table 7 0e inventionprinciple with higher usage rate is selected so that theoriginal understanding of the appearance structure design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller is provided and the improvementdescription of the inductive design of the hand-held rotarytiller is proposed as shown in Table 80ere are 17 principlesof invention for design (C10 Prior action C1 SegmentationC14 Spheroidality C15 Dynamicity C32 Changing thecolor C34 Rejecting and regenerating parts C35 Trans-formation of physical and chemical states of an object C2Extraction C4 Asymmetry C29 Use a pneumatic or hy-draulic construction C40 Composite materials C13 In-version C22 Convert harm into benefit C26 Copying C5Combining C17 Moving to a new dimension C28 Re-placement of a mechanical system)
According to the interpretation of the invention theshape of the hand-held rotary tiller was initially drawn byhand Designers can propose the direction of design throughthe inspiration of the principle of invention In order toembody the dynamics and coordination of the scheme thedesigner can use streamlined body language to form aconcise and harmonious overall form of the handrail con-necting rod and the head of the hand-held rotary tiller andmatch the reasonable color matching proportion to reducethe volume of the machine in the visual sense In order toreflect the comfort of the scheme the designer can divide themain view and the top view of the rotary tiller reasonably soas to stimulate the userrsquos sense of stability of themachine (seeFigure 3)
System component function analysis is a process ofmodeling system function0emodel should include systemcomponents hypersystem components objects and so onOn this basis the functional model diagram of the hand-heldrotary tiller was constructed as shown in Figure 4 Func-tional model diagrams can help designers understand thesystem identify the problems in the system identify thetypes of problems get inspiration to solve related problemsand then find appropriate solutions for each type of prob-lems in a precise way 0e designer first establishes thecomponent hierarchy model by component analysis then
analyses the relationship between system components es-tablishes the system component relationship model andestablishes the functional model System component func-tion analysis of the hand-held rotary tiller the operator issafe when both hands leave the handle of the hand-heldrotary tiller System components switch hand-held con-necting rods chassis motor rotary tillage knife wheels andtransmission hypersystem components vegetation and soilObjects handles and rotary blade
As shown in Table 9 through the analysis of the relevantengineering parameters in the TRIZ conflict matrix thedesigner has obtained the functional requirements of thehand-held rotary tiller as well as the principles of the in-vention to solve the corresponding problems In Table 9 (12)denotes the engineering parameter serial number and 1 de-notes the serial number of the inventive principle
In Table 10 ldquordquo indicates that the principle is the optimalsolution ldquordquo indicates that the principle needs to be con-sidered and ldquordquo means that the principle was constrainedby the current system and structure or cannot work [23] Forinstance in consideration of safety the physicalchemicalparameters of the existing hand-held rotary tiller had beenbasically determined and it was not necessary to increase thecost to change them Cushion in advance was less innovativebut it is worthy of consideration Segmentation rushingthrough and partial or overdone action were not useful forsafety Replacement of a mechanical system was a new ideathat should be taken into consideration
Several principles with ldquordquo and ldquordquo in Table 11 are il-lustrated in Table 12 for technical improvement of the hand-held rotary tiller
As shown in Table 11 the technical improvements(replacement of mechanical systems porous materialscomposites and dynamics) made by the designer on thehand-held rotary tiller do not conflict with the appearanceimprovements in Table 9 (dynamic harmonious and in-dividual) 0is indicated that the conceptual design can becontinued According to the interpretation of the inventionprinciples the functional technology of the hand-held rotarytiller was preliminarily conceived (see Figure 5)
According to the improvement of product appearanceand function technology explained by the invention prin-ciples three-dimensional modeling and rendering of theproduct were carried out by computer-aided technologyDesigners should meet the physiological and psychological
Table 6 Perceptual design of the hand-held rotary tiller idealized model
Emotionalwords TRIZ engineering parameters Current situation Idealized model
Exteriorstructure
DynamicWeight of stationary object
shape and loss of information
Monotonous old-fashioned colormatching poor systematicdesign and lack of corporate
identity information
Harmonious color design refinedgeometrical shape and full ofcorporate identity information
HarmoniousIndividual
Functionaltechnology
Safety Reliability harmful factorsproduced by objects andadaptability and versatility
Knife will hurt the operator andlacking ergonomic design
Safety high efficiencycomfortable ergonomic design
and reinforced structuralstructures
Comfortable
Practical
All TRIZ engineering parameters in Table 6 come from the 39 engineering parameters in TRIZ
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 7
needs of consumers when designing the appearance andtechnical functions of hand-held rotary tiller In computer-aided modeling the designer extracts some elements of the
front shape of the cattle for the front design of the hand-heldrotary tiller and assembles the front and the hand-held rodinto the head image of the cattle e traditional image of
First Second Third 1 2 3 4 5
Dynamic 3 1 2
Harmonious 5 1 2
Individual 5 1 2
Safety 39 1 2
Comfortable 13 1 2
Practical 33 1 2
5
4
3
2
1
Relative importance 012 014 003 025 022 024
Importance rating (10 ratings) 5 6 1 10 9 10
Absolute importance 180 210 45 384 333 354
Technical assessment 2 2
1 1 1
2 1 1 1 2 2
3 1 3 9
Target Value
Para
met
ric d
esig
n of
inte
gral
mod
elin
g
Usin
g ge
omet
ry b
ioni
c des
ign
Uni
fied
colo
r mat
chin
g an
d ad
ded
war
ning
signs
St
reng
then
the s
truc
ture
and
impr
ove t
hean
ti-vi
brat
ion
perfo
rman
ce
Set u
p pr
ecau
tions
Impr
ovem
ent o
f hum
an-m
achi
nepe
rform
ance
of h
andl
e and
rota
ry ti
llers
High-quality hand-held
rotary tiller
Exterior structure
Functional technology
3 3 9 3 1
3 3 9 1
3 9 1
3 9
1 2 3 4 5 6
3 3
9 Strong relation 3 Medium relation 1 Weak relation
Strong positive correlation Weak positive correlation
times Strong negative correlation Weak negative correlation
Market competitiveness evaluation
1 Current status 2 Competitor
Dem
and
impo
rtan
ce
Wei
ght o
f sta
tiona
ry o
bjec
t
Shap
e
Loss
of i
nfor
mat
ion
Relia
bilit
y
Har
mfu
l fac
tors
pro
duce
d by
obj
ects
Ada
ptab
ility
and
vers
atili
ty
times
Customer demand expansion
times
Technical indicators
Figure 2 Innovative design model for agricultural machinery products
8 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
Table 7 Number of times inventive principles are used by improving shape parameters
Principle ofinvention Num Principle of
invention Num Principle of invention Num Principle of invention Num
1 Segmentation 9 11 Cushion inadvance 0 21 Rushing through 0 31 Use of Porous material 0
2 Extraction 5 12 Equipotentiality 0 22 Convert harm into benefit 4 32 Changing the color 73 Localconditions 2 13 Inversion 4 23 Feedback 0 33 Homogeneity 1
4 Asymmetry 5 14 Spheroidality 9 24 Mediator 0 34 Rejecting and regeneratingparts 7
5 Combining 3 15 Dynamicity 9 25 Self-service 1 35 Transformation of physicaland chemical states of an object 6
6 Universality 2 16 Partial oroverdone action 2 26 Copying 4 36 Phase transition 1
7 Nesting 2 17 Moving to a newdimension 3
27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive
durable one0 37 0ermal expansion 1
8 Counterweight 1 18 Mechanicalvibration 2 28 Replacement of a mechanical
system 3 38 Using strong oxidizers 0
9 Prior counter 1 19 Periodic action 1 29 Use a pneumatic or hydraulicconstruction 5 39 Inert environment 1
10 Prior action 10 20 Continuity ofuseful action 0 30 Flexible film or hydraulic
construction 2 40 Composite materials 5
Table 8 Description of appearance improvements of hand-held rotary tiller
Appearance Original understanding Description of improvement
Dynamic
Segmentation curved surfacedynamic characteristicsphysicalchemical change
combination
Curved surface design geometric scale bright andrefreshing feeling
Harmonious
Preactiondiscard or regenerate
extractionpneumatic and hydraulic structures
spatial dimension changemechanical system substitution
Parametric design concise and harmonious matchcolors for design the sense of volume in geometric
form
Individual
Change the colorcompositeasymmetry
spatial dimension change
Reasonable division of the layout systematic designchange harmful factors to favourable factors
All the original understandings come from TRIZ theory
(a) (b)
Figure 3 Hand drawing of the hand-held rotary tiller
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 9
bull head has been reinterpreted into the modern image ofbull head as shown in Figure 6 It expressed the traditionalcultivation culture Finally we used computer-aided in-dustrial design software to model the hand-held rotary tillerwith this image and obtained an innovative conceptualdesign scheme as shown in Figures 7 and 8
33 Design Evaluation for Hand-Held Rotary Tiller In orderto verify the reliability and innovation of conceptual designa conceptual scheme evaluation map was made with four
typical samples as shown in Figure 9 0e weight of fiveschemes were calculated by the AHP and construction ofjudgment matrix and the evaluation results of conceptualdesign scheme and other typical sample schemes were ob-tained [24]
0ree aspects of the 5 schemes modeling function andcolor matching were evaluated to find out an innovativehand-held rotary tiller design scheme (see Figure 10) In thiswork the evaluation weight was confirmed by several ex-perts including two industrial design experts and two ag-ricultural machinery design experts 0e results were more
Switch Hand connecting rod Motor
Chassis
GearingWheel
Handle
Rotary blade
Vegetation
Soil
Hold Support
Support
Control
Hold
SupportControl Control
DriveSupport
Support
Obstacle
Obstacle
Adhesion
Adhesion
Conrol
Control
Control
System component
Hypersystem component
Object
Normal functionInadequate function
Harmful function
Figure 4 System component function analysis of the hand-held rotary tiller
Table 9 Analysis on engineering parameters of hand-held rotary tillers
Emotionalwords Function Improvement factors Deteriorating factors TRIZ solution
SafetySafety (27) Reliability
(9) Speed 1 Segmentation 11 Cushion in advance21 Rushing through 16 Partial or
overdone action 28 Replacement of amechanical system 35 Transformation ofphysical and chemical states of an object
(12) Shape
Antivibration (31) Harmful factors sideeffects (36) Complexity of device 1 Segmentation 19 Periodic action 31
Use of porous materials
Comfortable Antiskid (27) Reliability (30) Harmful factors acting onobject
2 Extraction 27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive durable one
35 Transformation of physical andchemical states of an object 40 Composite
materials
Practical Practical (35) Adaptability (36) Complexity of equipment
15 Dynamicity 28 Replacement of amechanical system 29 Use a pneumatic or
hydraulic construction 37 0ermalexpansion
All Arabic numerals in Table 9 are the serial numbers in the TRIZ conflict matrix
10 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
objective because both of them were very familiar with thehand-held rotary tiller [25] And several judgment matriceswere constructed according to the data of questionnaires0rough the evaluation matrix the designer determines therequirement weighting coefficients of the criterion layer andthe scheme layer
331 Construction of Judgment Matrix
(1) Constructing judgment matrix As1 of the criterionlayer (s 1 2 3 and 4 where s stands for expert t 12 3 4 5 and 6 where t stands for scheme)
A11
1 315
13
15
1
13
113
13
15
13
5 3 1 3 1 5
3 313
113
5
5 5 1 3 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Table 10 Functional principles of the hand-held rotary tiller
Function Principle Principle elaboration
Safety
Replacement of a mechanical system Cushion in advance
Segmentation Rushing through
Partial or overdone action Transformation of physical and chemical states of an
object
Replacement of a mechanical system was currently arelatively new idea that can be tracked further
Cushion in advance was less innovative but it neededstudying
Segmentation rushing through and partial oroverdone action were not useful for safetyIt was not necessary to increase the cost for
transformation of physical and chemical states of anobject
AntivibrationUse of porous materials
Periodic action Segmentation
Use of porous materials was useful for buffervibrations Periodic action may cause resonance
Segmentation was not appropriate for Antivibration
Antiskid
Composite materials An inexpensive short-life object instead of an
expensive durable oneTransformation of physical and chemical states of an
object Extraction
Composite materials can be considered emphatically0e inventive principle of cheap alternatives was
needed further analysis 0e principle thattransformation of physical and chemical states of ahand-held rotary tiller may increase costs was not
taken into accountExtraction was not very suitable for the product
Practical
Dynamicity Replacement of a mechanical system
Use a pneumatic or hydraulic construction0ermal expansion
Dynamicity deserves to be considered and used0e inventive principle of replacing mechanical systemsusing pneumatic or hydraulic structures can continue to
be tracked 0ermal expansion can be excludedAll the principles come from the 40 original principles of TRIZ
Table 11 Description of technical improvements of the hand-held rotary tiller
Principle name Description of improvement
Replacement of a mechanical system0epressure sensor in the handle of the hand-held rotary tiller can detect the pressure of theoperatorrsquos hands on the handle When an accident occurs the single chip microcomputer
built in the hand-held rotary tiller will cut off the motor and stop the work
Use of porous materials Porous materials can be used for sound insulation but also can reduce the quality andvibration of hand-held rotary tiller
Composite materials 0e composite material can be used to improve the strength and rigidity of the machineand reduce the quality of the hand-held rotary tiller
Dynamicity Hand-held connecting rod was adjustable Rotary tiller blade can be replaced
Table 12 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotarytillers
A11minus B A21minus B A31minus B A41minus B
ω(2)s1
00608 00470 00460 0052400348 00278 00460 0029003419 04242 03953 0413901597 01275 00985 0133003419 03233 03569 0315500608 00502 00573 00561
λmax 65433 65882 65313 65504CI 01087 01176 01063 01101CR 00876 00949 00857 00888 Accept
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 11
Chassis Motor
Rotary bladeWheel
Gearing
Handle
Wire Pressure sensors
Hand connecting rod
Monochip computers
Height adjustable
Replacement of blade
Figure 5 Functional system diagram of the hand-held rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
Figure 6 Iterative design of front face pattern of the rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c)
Figure 7 Conceptual design scheme of the hand-held rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Figure 8 Color series of the hand-held rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
Figure 9 Typical sample schemes and conceptual design scheme (a) Scheme 1 (b) Scheme 2 (c) Scheme 3 (d) Scheme 4 (e) Scheme 5
12 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
A21
1 317
13
17
1
13
115
13
15
13
7 5 1 5 1 7
3 315
113
5
7 5 1 3 1 3
1 317
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
A31
1 115
13
15
1
1 115
115
13
5 5 1 5 1 5
3 115
115
5
5 5 1 5 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
A41
1 317
13
15
1
13
115
13
15
13
7 5 1 5 1 5
3 315
113
5
5 5 1 3 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
(5)
(2) Constructing judgment matrix Bst of the schemelayer
B11
113
315
15
3 1 5 3 1
13
15
117
17
515
7 1 1
5 1 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B21
113
315
15
3 1 5 113
13
15
113
13
5 1 7 1 1
5 3 3 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B31
113
515
15
3 1 3 1 13
15
13
115
17
5 1 5 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Target layer Selection of innovation scheme for hand-held rotary tiller
Criterionlayer
B1Harmonious
B2Dynamic
B3Safety
B4Comfortable
B5Practical
B6Individual
Schemelayer
C1Scheme 1
C2Scheme 2
C3Scheme 3
C1Scheme 1
C5Scheme 5
Figure 10 Hierarchical model of the hand-held rotary tiller
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 13
B41
113
315
13
3 1 515
13
13
15
115
15
5 5 5 1 3
3 3 513
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B12
113
15
15
15
3 1 3 5 1
15
13
115
17
515
5 1 1
5 1 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B22
113
513
13
3 1 3 1 115
13
115
15
3 1 5 113
3 1 5 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B32
113
515
15
3 1 313
13
15
13
117
17
5 3 7 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B42
113
515
17
3 1 313
13
15
13
115
15
5 3 5 1 1
7 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B13
115
13
17
15
5 1 3 113
313
113
17
7 1 3 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B23
113
113
15
3 1 313
13
113
115
17
3 3 5 113
5 3 5 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B33
113
315
17
3 1 313
15
13
13
117
17
5 5 3 113
7 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B43
113
113
15
3 1 315
15
113
115
15
315
5 1 1
5 5 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B14
113
13
15
15
3 1 113
15
1 1 113
17
5 3 3 113
5 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
14 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
B24
113
315
15
3 1 313
13
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 1 3
5 3 713
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B34
113
517
15
3 1 515
13
15
15
117
15
7 5 7 1 1
5 3 3 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B44
113
315
15
3 1 313
13
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 1 1
5 3 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B15
113
13
17
17
3 1 115
13
3 1 113
15
7 5 3 1 1
7 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B25 5
113
315
17
3 1 313
15
13
15
117
17
5 3 7 113
7 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B35
113
313
15
3 1 113
15
1 1 117
17
3 3 7 1 1
5 5 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B45
113
315
17
3 1 113
15
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 113
7 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B16
113
315
15
3 1 5 113
13
15
117
15
5 1 7 1 1
5 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B26
113
313
15
3 1 713
13
15
17
115
17
3 3 5 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B36
113
315
15
3 1 513
15
13
15
113
17
5 3 3 113
5 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 15
B46
113
515
17
3 1 513
15
15
15
115
17
5 3 5 1 1
7 5 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
(6)
332 Hierarchical Sequencing and Consistency Verification0e maximum eigenvalue λmax 65433 of the judgmentmatrix A11 was obtained by calculation and it was normalizedto ω(2)
11 (00608 00348 03419 01597 03419 00608) 0esix elements of the criterion layer are harmony dynamicssafety comfort practicality and individuality Consistency testis to test the coordination of the importance of each elementCI value of less than 1 indicates that consistency of thejudgmentmatrix is passed and the results are listed in Table 12
0e element bstij in the judgment matrix Bst is the comparisonmeasure of the superiority ofPt to C in the scheme layer (hand-held rotary tiller) 0e weight ω(3)
1t the maximum eigenvalueλmax and the consistency index CI1t were calculated from thecomparison judgment matrix B1t of the third layer and theresults are listed in Table 130e average of the total ranking ofthe scheme layers is shown in Table 14
After calculation the weight coefficient P of the 4 sampleschemes and a new conceptual design scheme of the targetlayer was obtained P1(C1) 007 P2(C2) 014 P3(C3)
006 P4(C4) 030 and P5(C5) 043 where Pt(C1) is theweight coefficient of sample 1 and so on 0erefore theinnovative conceptual design scheme was selected from thefive schemes because the weight coefficient of the conceptualdesign scheme P5(C5) was the largest one 043 0ismethod is effective and feasible for the innovative design ofagricultural machinery
4 Discussion
In order to improve the comprehensive quality of functionalproducts and meet the needs of users for product
Table 13 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotary tiller
B11ndashC B12ndashC B13ndashC B14ndashC B15ndashC B16ndashC Expert 1ω(3)1t 00815 00497 00417 00496 00434 00796
03322 03482 02016 01062 01063 0209100414 00465 00795 00797 01063 0043302290 02244 02156 02518 03720 0308603159 03312 04616 05127 03720 03594
λmax 52876 53691 52469 50252 50939 52194CI 00719 00923 00617 00063 00235 00548CR 00642 00824 00551 00056 00210 00490 Accept
B21ndashC B22ndashC B23ndashC B24ndashC B25ndashC B26ndashC Expert 2ω(3)2t 00856 01172 00712 00749 00658 00927
02247 02547 01524 01425 01209 0170500611 00502 00643 00422 00396 0034702799 02265 02619 04503 02726 0247303487 03515 04502 02902 05012 04547
λmax 54208 53773 52144 52785 52742 54268CI 01052 00943 00536 00696 00685 01067CR 00939 00842 00479 00622 00612 00935 Accept
B31ndashC B32ndashC B33ndashC B34ndashC B35ndashC B36ndashC Expert 3ω(3)3t 00855 00826 00669 00758 00692 00744
01832 01419 01231 01393 01074 0141600420 00379 00403 00359 00680 0044802247 02890 02595 04186 03393 0243404646 04485 05102 03304 04162 04957
λmax 53965 54257 53429 54404 52374 54451CI 00991 01064 00857 01101 00594 01113CR 00885 00950 00765 00983 00530 00994 Accept
B41ndashC B42ndashC B43ndashC B44ndashC B45ndashC B46ndashC Expert 4ω(3)4t 00846 00805 00697 00762 00658 00758
01454 01480 01216 01450 01209 0139300444 00452 00629 00429 00396 0035904757 03509 03538 03679 02726 0330402499 03754 03919 03679 05012 04186
λmax 54118 54301 52748 51295 52742 54404CI 01029 01075 00687 00324 00684 01101CR 00919 00960 00613 00289 00612 00983 Accept
16 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
personalization this paper puts forward the improvementexplanation of appearance and function and obtains the in-novative design scheme by introducing KE and TRIZ0eAHPwas used to evaluate the innovative design scheme Combiningwith the design of hand-held rotary tiller the correspondinginnovative design scheme was obtained and the design processwas attempted to be extended to other products 0e maincontent of the literature study [8 25 26] focused on the userrequirements mining or conceptual design stage and the re-searchers have not studied the application of detailed designstage and the subsequent evaluation of innovative design 0ispaper establishes an innovative design model from user needsmining conceptual design detailed design computer-aideddesign and scheme evaluation which is convenient for de-signers to design and develop products and also has a goodreference for innovative design of other products
However because the main research content of thispaper focuses on innovative design process the research onthe evaluation system of the scheme is insufficient In thefollowing work designers can introduce other design the-ories and methods to combine with existing research inorder to improve the process of innovative design
5 Conclusions
In order to improve the comprehensive quality of agricul-tural machinery products based on functional technologyand meet the needs of users the innovation design model ofagricultural machinery products based on KE-TRIZ wasconstructed
Firstly the designer used SD method and PCA methodto quantify and reduce the dimension of affective intentionwords aiming to select comprehensive variables repre-senting the needs of users Secondly by constructing a KE-TRIZ innovative design model the product appearance andfunction were innovatively designed and the contradictionbetween product appearance and function was analyzed tomake it well matched 0en taking the innovative design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as an example the applicationflow was described and the typical samples and designscheme were evaluated by the AHP which shows that themethod has obvious improvement in function and ap-pearance 0e KE-TRIZ method enables designers to designproducts more in line with the actual needs of users which iseffective and feasible for the innovative design of agriculturalmachinery
0e follow-up work is to further explore the integrationof technology cost and other multi-objective-driven in-novative designs of agricultural machinery products in orderto improve the applicability and integrity of the method
Data Availability
All data generated and analyzed during this study are in-cluded within the article
Conflicts of Interest
0e authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest
Authorsrsquo Contributions
Jian-wei Wang conceived and designed the study Jian-minZhang completed the design evaluation Jian-wei Wangcompleted product modeling Jian-min Zhang revised andpolished the manuscript All authors have read and ap-proved the final manuscript All authors contributed equallyto this work
Acknowledgments
0is work was supported by the Guizhou Natural ScienceFund Project (Guizhou Technology Cooperation SupportProgram (2017)1047) the Guizhou Science and TechnologyMajor Project (LH(2014)7629 LH(2016)7432 and LH(2017)7232) and the Academic New Seedling Cultivation andInnovation Exploration Specialization of Guizhou Univer-sity (Guizhou Platform Talents (2017)5788)
References
[1] G Q Yao C Q Xue and H Y Wang ldquoDesign method forcoach styling design based on image cognitionrdquo Journal ofSoutheast University Natural Science Edition vol 46 no 6pp 1198ndash1203 2016
[2] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei Engineering a new ergonomicconsumer-oriented technology for product developmentrdquoInternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 15 no 1pp 3ndash11 1995
[3] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei engineering as a powerful consumer-orientied technology for product developmentrdquo Applied Er-gonomics vol 33 no 3 pp 289ndash294 2002
[4] C E GolnooshRasoulifar and P Guy ldquoCommunicatingconsumer needs in the design process of branded productsrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015
[5] Y T Fu and S J Luo ldquoStyle perception-oriented productfamily shape gene designrdquo Comtuter IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 18 no 3 pp 449ndash457 2012
[6] L N Abdala R B Fernandes A Ogliari M Lower andJ Feldhusen ldquoCreative contributions of the methods of in-ventive principles of TRIZ and BioTRIZ to problem solvingrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 139 no 8 2017
[7] S Kim and B Yoon ldquoDeveloping a process of conceptgeneration for new product-service systems a QFD and
Table 14 Overall ranking result and average value of the third layer
Scheme Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 Scheme 5Expert 1 0048558458 0167268103 0083016534 0281635216 0419521689Expert 2 0072929489 0148099162 0051450184 0288521951 0438999215Expert 3 0070614603 0123757406 0050002922 0302460164 0453164905Expert 4 0070748371 0127513198 0049909632 0335077088 041675171Average value 006571273 0141659467 0058594818 0301923605 043210938
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 17
TRIZ-based approachrdquo Service Business vol 6 no 3pp 323ndash348 2012
[8] R H Tan R H Zhang F Liu and B J Yang ldquoTwo stagesanalogy-based conceptual design based on TRIZrdquo ComputerIntergrated Manufacturing Systems vol 12 no 3 pp 328ndash334 2006
[9] X Z Liu G N Qi J Z Fu B B Fan and J Xu ldquoA designprocess model of intergrated morphlolgical matrix andconflict resolving principlesrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 46 no 12 pp 2243ndash2258 2012
[10] Y H Cohen Y Reich and S Greenberg ldquoBiomineticsstructure-function patterns approachrdquo Journal of MechanicalDesign vol 136 no 11 2014
[11] L L Sun and F S Kong ldquoVisual comfort design of automobileseat based on Kansei engineering and TRIZ theoryrdquo Journal ofJinlin University Engineering and Technology Edition vol 44no 1 pp 106ndash110 2014
[12] W Chen C S Carolyn and Y Bernard ldquoSpecial issue userneeds and preferences in engineering designrdquo Journal ofMechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015
[13] Y X Huang C-H Chen and L P Khoo ldquoProducts clas-sification in emotional design using a basic-emotion basedsemantic differential methodrdquo International Journal of In-dustrial Ergonomics vol 42 no 6 pp 569ndash580 2012
[14] W Lu and J-F Petiot ldquoAffective design of products using anaudio-based protocol application to eyeglass framerdquo In-ternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 44 no 3pp 383ndash394 2014
[15] V Chulvi M C Gonzalez-Cruz E Mulet and J Aguilar-Zambrano ldquoInfluence of the type of idea-generation methodon the creativity of solutionsrdquo Research in Engineering Designvol 24 no 1 pp 33ndash41 2013
[16] B Mannan and Abid Haleem ldquoUnderstanding major di-mensions and determinants that help in diffusion amp adoptionof product innovation using AHP approachrdquo Journal ofGlobal Entrepreneurship Research vol 7 no 1 pp 1ndash24 2017
[17] T Wang and M R Liu ldquoApplication of QFD and AHP inrailway freight transportationrdquo Computer IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 24 no 1 pp 264ndash271 2018
[18] H-N Hsish J F Chen and Q H Du ldquoApplying TRIZ andfuzzy AHP based on lean production to develop an innovativedesign of a new shape for machine toolsrdquo Information vol 6no 1 pp 89ndash110 2015
[19] L-C Chen and L Lin ldquoOptimization of product configu-ration design using functional requirements and constraintsrdquoResearch in Engineering Design vol 13 no 3 pp 167ndash1822002
[20] Y Li M-D Shieh C-C Yang and L Zhu ldquoApplication offuzzy-based hybrid taguchi method for multiobjective opti-mization of product form designrdquo Mathematical Problems inEngineering vol 2018 Article ID 9091514 18 pages 2018
[21] Y Q Xu K Chen H B Qin and Z Y Wang ldquoStudy on theapplication of Kansei engineering in product form designrdquoApplied Mechanics and Materials vol 274 pp 513ndash516 2013
[22] S Hede P V Ferreira M N Lopes and L A Rocha ldquoTRIZand the paradigms of social sustainability in product devel-opment endeavorsrdquo Procedia Engineering vol 131 pp 522ndash538 2015
[23] Z Liu D Hu Y Gao et al ldquoTRIZ based revised design fordisassembly of joint structurerdquo Journal of Mechanical Engi-neering vol 48 no 11 pp 65ndash71 2012
[24] X Ji X J Gu F Dai et al ldquoBioTRIZ-based product in-novative design processrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 48 no 1 pp 35ndash41 2014
[25] X L Li W Zhao Y K Zheng R Wang and C WangldquoInnovative product design based on comprehensive cus-tomer requirements of different cognitive levelsrdquo lte Sci-entific World Journal vol 2014 Article ID 627093 11 pages2014
[26] G D Zhai Z H Liang and M Y Li ldquoStudy on the Opti-mization model of a flexible transmissionrdquo MathematicalProblems in Engineering vol 2019 Article ID 508457312 pages 2019
18 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
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literature and consulting relevant design experts Inorder to meet the requirements of dierent levels ofusers on the cognitive characteristics of the designobjects image adjectives describing the design ob-jects were strictly selected as experimental variablesby means of SD [13]
(2) Analysis of the elements of modeling design a largenumber of samples were collected excluding theinuence of material and brand After discussingwith experts and engineers with relevant experiencethe samples were classied according to the shapeand structure of the product and then the
Design object
Establishment of sample base
Key geometric features
Representative sample
Perceptual engineering
Emotional lexical pair
Preliminary engineeringPrincipal component analysis
SD survey method
Step 1 user requirement analysis
21
3
Conceptual design models
39 engineering parameters
Appearance Function
40 principles of invention
Detailed design
QFDConstruction
Appearance structure model Functional technology model
Is there a contradiction
Technological conflict Physical conflict
Standard solution Scientific effect
TRIZ
tool
box
Computer-aided design
Component analysis
Interaction analysis
Functional model diagramFunc
tion
anal
ysis
Sample scheme
Analytic hierarchy process
Determine the final plan
Subject scheme
Evaluation
Expert
Judgment matrix
Step 2 innovative designbased on KE-TRIZ
Step 3 design evaluation
1
2
3
NoYes
Figure 1 Innovative design model for agricultural machinery products
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 3
representative samples were selected according to thetypical characteristic combination of the product
(3) Screening and dimension reduction of perceptualpaired words according to the degree of affiliation ofthe perceptual vocabulary which was analyzed andsummed up perceptual word pairs of the typicalsamples in reclaimed questionnaire data were scoredby a 7-point Likert scale method and analyzed byCronbachrsquos alpha method and reliability analysis0e K Langbach coefficient method can test thereliability and consistency of the survey results PCA[14] can be used to extract a small number of per-ceptual vocabularies which can represent most of theperceptual vocabulary variables 0e PCA methodwas used to select the main perceptual vocabulary bythe contribution rate of each index and 4ndash6 pairs ofperceptual vocabulary were screened out ultimately
α k
k minus 11 minus
1113936ki1S
2i
S2x1113890 1113891 (1)
where α is the statistical factor in the K Langbach coefficientmethod k is the number of items S2i is the variance of theitem i and S2x is the overall solution variance for all items
When α is larger than 08 the questionnaire data arereliable
22 Step 2 Innovative Design Based on KE-TRIZ(1) Creating conceptual design models the above 4ndash6
pairs of perceptual words were classified into twogroups based on KE One group is about the ap-pearance structure model and the other is about thefunctional technology model Based on the existingagricultural machinery product situation [15] aconceptual agricultural machinery design model wasconstructed in each group preliminarily
(2) Detailed design by analyzing the perceptual image ofthe agricultural machinery product finding out theengineering parameters of agricultural machineryproducts which need to be improve and then car-rying out the contradiction total matrix analysis iswhich based on TRIZ a series of inventive principleswere obtained and analyzed so as to put forward thedetailed design principles of the agricultural ma-chinery product 0e contradiction between theappearance structure model and function technologymodel was analyzed If there was a contradiction thedesigner used TRIZ toolbox to analyze the designmodel in detail which makes the design model moreperfect
(3) Computer-aided design according to the above stepsagricultural machinery products were designed bycomputer-aided industrial design software
23 Step 3 Design Evaluation In order to objectivelyevaluate the conceptual design of agricultural machineryproducts the AHP was used to evaluate the innovative
design scheme and the previous selection of typical agri-cultural machinery samples [16] 0e AHP was used for thiswork because it has good objectivity and practicability [17]0e basic steps of the AHP are shown as follows
(1) In determining the high-quality agricultural ma-chinery product scheme the hierarchical structure ofthe system should be established target layer cri-terion layer and scheme layer
(2) Compare the indicators of criterion layer with theindicators of scheme layer to determine the weightcoefficient of each layer As shown in Table 1 ajudgment matrix A (B) was constructed
A(B) aij1113872 1113873ntimesn
(2)
A series of pairwise comparisons was made betweenA and B at the same level using the nine-point scalewhich included all the odd numbers ranged from oneto nine and their reciprocal values In this steppairwise comparative matrices are formulated for allevaluation criteria [18]
(3) Calculate the relative importance of elements under asingle criterion 0e feature vector W(23) and themaximum eigenvalue λmax of the judgment matrix A(B) are calculated Eigenvalues are the weight vectorsamong the indexes and themaximum eigenvalues areused to test the consistency of the judgment matrices
CR CIRI
CI λmax minus n
n minus 1
λmax 1n
1113944
n
i1
1113936(nj 1)aijωj
ωi
(3)
where CI is the consistency index RI is the averagerandom consistency index (as shown in Table 2) andλis the eigenvalue of the matrixWhen CRlt 01 it means that the judgment matrix isacceptable [19]
(4) Calculate the weight of the scheme layer to the targetlayer P 0e equation is presented as follows
P ω(3)1 ω(3)
2 ω(3)31113872 1113873ω(2)
(4)
3 Innovative Design and Evaluation for Hand-Held Rotary Tiller
31 User Requirement Analysis (URA) for Hand-Held RotaryTiller 0e steps of KE are as follows (1) target productsamples and emotional image vocabulary collection (2)preliminary clustering of perceptual vocabulary throughquestionnaires and (3) use PCA to reduce the dimension ofperceptual vocabulary and extract perceptual vocabularythat best represents users
4 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
0is work took the innovative design of the hand-heldrotary tiller as an example to illustrate the method Firstly100 perceptual vocabularies related to hand-held rotarytillers were extracted from the objective natural language ofusers 0rough Taobao physical stores and official websitesdesigners collected a large number of samples and con-ducted a large number of analysis and screening 0en thedesigner analyzed the characteristics of the hand-held rotarytiller and selected four typical samples according to themodeling characteristics of the rotary tiller 0e experimentfinally selected 4 kinds of hand-held rotary tillers as typicalsamples and they are shown in Table 3 0en 10 seniordesigners and 20 rival rotary tillers drivers were selected asrespondents Among them 4 designers majored in agri-cultural machinery 6 designers were graduate students inindustrial design 5 drivers had no operation experience and15 drivers had driving experience In the questionnairethere were 12 pairs of adjectives and their antonyms whichwere extracted as reference words for the style description ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as shown shown in Table 4However some adjectives were overlaps in semantics 0eywere given marks according to the Likert 7-point scalemethod for four representative hand-held rotary samplesAnd 6 pairs among them were selected by PCA and theywere thought as representative semantic adjectives for thehand-held rotary tillers [20]
30 Likert 7-point scale questionnaires were designedaccording to the above theory In order to analyze the re-liability of the questionnaire data the reliability of thequestionnaire data was tested by reliability analysis by usingSPSS 50 0e reliability statistics is 0885 which is greaterthan 08 To conclude the 12 pairs of adjectives and theirantonyms in these questionnaires are reliable
A group of new variables was obtained by PCA 0econtribution of variance of these new variables is not thesame 0e extraction of common factors is essentially todetermine some factors from which the information of theoriginal variables can be explained the most All the factorswith selectable eigenvalue greater than a certain critical valueare used as common factors and all the factors with selectableeigenvalue greater than 1 were extracted as common factors
0e data in Table 5 show the eigenvalues variance contri-bution and cumulative variance contribution of the factorsafter the extraction of common factors and after rotation [21]
12 groups of adjectives and antonyms were analyzed inSPSS and the results are shown in Table 6 0ere were sixpairs of adjectives and antonyms related to the principalcomponent the first group included dynamic-static andharmonious-disharmonious the second group consisted ofcomfortable-uncomfortable and practical-gaudy the thirdgroup included safe-dangerous and the fourth groupconsisted of individual-common
0ese four principal components contribute to 81872of the modeling style semantic feature information that is tosay these four style semantic feature principal componentscan well describe the modeling style features of the testsample cases
32 Innovative Design Based on KE and TRIZ for Hand-HeldRotary Tiller Quality function deployment (QFD) translatescustomer or market requirements into design requirementsprocess requirements and production requirements In orderto initially construct an idealizedmodel the house of quality isbuilt by means of the selected perceptual vocabulary andrelevant TRIZ invention principles and the relationshipbetween customer requirements and the performance of thecorresponding products is determined by means of QFDtheoretical knowledge which lays a foundation for the ap-plication of TRIZ later Building a House of Quality (HOQ)mainly includes the following steps (1) calculating user needsand their weights (2) 9 3 and 1 represent values of the strongmedium and weak relation respectively and the relationmatrix is established according to the values (3) the designerestablishes the floor of the HOQ by determining the targetvalue of the quality characteristics (4) competitive analysiscollect the products of the rotary tiller and establish thecompetitive ability evaluation matrix (the competitive abilityis expressed by 1sim5 1 is the worst 5 is the best) (5) technicalcapability evaluation according to the evaluation of pro-fessionals and their own experience the technical capability ofthe current products is compared with that of the competitiveproducts in the important characteristics and the technicalcapability matrix is established and (6) evaluation of therelationship between quality characteristics 0e results areshown in Figure 2
Based on the mapping of representative perceptualvocabulary with the engineering parameters of TRIZ and thecurrent situation of the hand-held rotary tiller the idealizedmodel of hand-held rotary tiller design is preliminarilyconstructed from two aspects of exterior structure andfunction technology as shown in Table 6 [22] Designers canrefer to the weight of stationary objects in TRIZ and createthe dynamic sensibility of products through the overallvolume of products Designers can also embody the har-mony of the whole product through the shape of theproduct In order to personalize the product the designerdesigns the product by feeding back different information tothe consumers Improving the reliability of products canimprove the safety of users using products
Table 1 0e pairwise comparison judgment
Intensity ofimportance Explanation
1 Demand ai has equal importance to demand aj3 Demand ai has weak importance than demand aj5 Demand ai has essential importance than demand aj7 Demand ai is less important than demand aj13 Demand ai is slightly less important than demand aj15 Demand ai is obviously less important than demand
aj17 Demand ai is extremely unimportant than demand aj
Table 2 Average random consistency index
n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9RI 0 0 058 094 112 124 132 141 145
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 5
Table 3 Modeling features of the hand-held rotary tiller
Sample Modeling feature Characteristic analysis Typical sample
Sample 1 Rotary tiller knife and other tools can be replaced
Sample 2 Wheels and rotary tillage knife position put to thefront
Sample 3 Traditional modeling
Sample 4 Hand-held rotary tiller was adjustable
Table 4 12 pairs of adjectives and their antonyms
Num Adjective pairs1 Comfortable-uncomfortable4 Dynamic-static7 Steady-light10 Easy-laborious2 Hard-weak5 Safe-dangerous8 Advanced-outdated11 Holistic-partial3 Practical-gaudy6 Individual-common9 Gorgeous-simple12 Harmonious-disharmonious
Table 5 PCA of semantic features of style
ComponentsInitial eigenvalue Extracting the sum of squares
Total Variance contribution()
Cumulative contribution() Total Variance contribution
()Cumulative contribution
()1 5876 48965 48965 5876 48965 489652 1617 13477 62442 1617 13477 624423 1322 11019 73460 1322 11019 734604 1009 8412 81872 1009 8412 81872 12 0010 0086 100000
6 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
In order to improve the practicability of products de-signers can adopt the principle of adaptability and versatilityin TRIZ theory Since the change in appearance structureaffects the shape parameters the invention is applied to thestatistical principle of the shape parameters used in thecontradiction matrix as shown in Table 7 0e inventionprinciple with higher usage rate is selected so that theoriginal understanding of the appearance structure design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller is provided and the improvementdescription of the inductive design of the hand-held rotarytiller is proposed as shown in Table 80ere are 17 principlesof invention for design (C10 Prior action C1 SegmentationC14 Spheroidality C15 Dynamicity C32 Changing thecolor C34 Rejecting and regenerating parts C35 Trans-formation of physical and chemical states of an object C2Extraction C4 Asymmetry C29 Use a pneumatic or hy-draulic construction C40 Composite materials C13 In-version C22 Convert harm into benefit C26 Copying C5Combining C17 Moving to a new dimension C28 Re-placement of a mechanical system)
According to the interpretation of the invention theshape of the hand-held rotary tiller was initially drawn byhand Designers can propose the direction of design throughthe inspiration of the principle of invention In order toembody the dynamics and coordination of the scheme thedesigner can use streamlined body language to form aconcise and harmonious overall form of the handrail con-necting rod and the head of the hand-held rotary tiller andmatch the reasonable color matching proportion to reducethe volume of the machine in the visual sense In order toreflect the comfort of the scheme the designer can divide themain view and the top view of the rotary tiller reasonably soas to stimulate the userrsquos sense of stability of themachine (seeFigure 3)
System component function analysis is a process ofmodeling system function0emodel should include systemcomponents hypersystem components objects and so onOn this basis the functional model diagram of the hand-heldrotary tiller was constructed as shown in Figure 4 Func-tional model diagrams can help designers understand thesystem identify the problems in the system identify thetypes of problems get inspiration to solve related problemsand then find appropriate solutions for each type of prob-lems in a precise way 0e designer first establishes thecomponent hierarchy model by component analysis then
analyses the relationship between system components es-tablishes the system component relationship model andestablishes the functional model System component func-tion analysis of the hand-held rotary tiller the operator issafe when both hands leave the handle of the hand-heldrotary tiller System components switch hand-held con-necting rods chassis motor rotary tillage knife wheels andtransmission hypersystem components vegetation and soilObjects handles and rotary blade
As shown in Table 9 through the analysis of the relevantengineering parameters in the TRIZ conflict matrix thedesigner has obtained the functional requirements of thehand-held rotary tiller as well as the principles of the in-vention to solve the corresponding problems In Table 9 (12)denotes the engineering parameter serial number and 1 de-notes the serial number of the inventive principle
In Table 10 ldquordquo indicates that the principle is the optimalsolution ldquordquo indicates that the principle needs to be con-sidered and ldquordquo means that the principle was constrainedby the current system and structure or cannot work [23] Forinstance in consideration of safety the physicalchemicalparameters of the existing hand-held rotary tiller had beenbasically determined and it was not necessary to increase thecost to change them Cushion in advance was less innovativebut it is worthy of consideration Segmentation rushingthrough and partial or overdone action were not useful forsafety Replacement of a mechanical system was a new ideathat should be taken into consideration
Several principles with ldquordquo and ldquordquo in Table 11 are il-lustrated in Table 12 for technical improvement of the hand-held rotary tiller
As shown in Table 11 the technical improvements(replacement of mechanical systems porous materialscomposites and dynamics) made by the designer on thehand-held rotary tiller do not conflict with the appearanceimprovements in Table 9 (dynamic harmonious and in-dividual) 0is indicated that the conceptual design can becontinued According to the interpretation of the inventionprinciples the functional technology of the hand-held rotarytiller was preliminarily conceived (see Figure 5)
According to the improvement of product appearanceand function technology explained by the invention prin-ciples three-dimensional modeling and rendering of theproduct were carried out by computer-aided technologyDesigners should meet the physiological and psychological
Table 6 Perceptual design of the hand-held rotary tiller idealized model
Emotionalwords TRIZ engineering parameters Current situation Idealized model
Exteriorstructure
DynamicWeight of stationary object
shape and loss of information
Monotonous old-fashioned colormatching poor systematicdesign and lack of corporate
identity information
Harmonious color design refinedgeometrical shape and full ofcorporate identity information
HarmoniousIndividual
Functionaltechnology
Safety Reliability harmful factorsproduced by objects andadaptability and versatility
Knife will hurt the operator andlacking ergonomic design
Safety high efficiencycomfortable ergonomic design
and reinforced structuralstructures
Comfortable
Practical
All TRIZ engineering parameters in Table 6 come from the 39 engineering parameters in TRIZ
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 7
needs of consumers when designing the appearance andtechnical functions of hand-held rotary tiller In computer-aided modeling the designer extracts some elements of the
front shape of the cattle for the front design of the hand-heldrotary tiller and assembles the front and the hand-held rodinto the head image of the cattle e traditional image of
First Second Third 1 2 3 4 5
Dynamic 3 1 2
Harmonious 5 1 2
Individual 5 1 2
Safety 39 1 2
Comfortable 13 1 2
Practical 33 1 2
5
4
3
2
1
Relative importance 012 014 003 025 022 024
Importance rating (10 ratings) 5 6 1 10 9 10
Absolute importance 180 210 45 384 333 354
Technical assessment 2 2
1 1 1
2 1 1 1 2 2
3 1 3 9
Target Value
Para
met
ric d
esig
n of
inte
gral
mod
elin
g
Usin
g ge
omet
ry b
ioni
c des
ign
Uni
fied
colo
r mat
chin
g an
d ad
ded
war
ning
signs
St
reng
then
the s
truc
ture
and
impr
ove t
hean
ti-vi
brat
ion
perfo
rman
ce
Set u
p pr
ecau
tions
Impr
ovem
ent o
f hum
an-m
achi
nepe
rform
ance
of h
andl
e and
rota
ry ti
llers
High-quality hand-held
rotary tiller
Exterior structure
Functional technology
3 3 9 3 1
3 3 9 1
3 9 1
3 9
1 2 3 4 5 6
3 3
9 Strong relation 3 Medium relation 1 Weak relation
Strong positive correlation Weak positive correlation
times Strong negative correlation Weak negative correlation
Market competitiveness evaluation
1 Current status 2 Competitor
Dem
and
impo
rtan
ce
Wei
ght o
f sta
tiona
ry o
bjec
t
Shap
e
Loss
of i
nfor
mat
ion
Relia
bilit
y
Har
mfu
l fac
tors
pro
duce
d by
obj
ects
Ada
ptab
ility
and
vers
atili
ty
times
Customer demand expansion
times
Technical indicators
Figure 2 Innovative design model for agricultural machinery products
8 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
Table 7 Number of times inventive principles are used by improving shape parameters
Principle ofinvention Num Principle of
invention Num Principle of invention Num Principle of invention Num
1 Segmentation 9 11 Cushion inadvance 0 21 Rushing through 0 31 Use of Porous material 0
2 Extraction 5 12 Equipotentiality 0 22 Convert harm into benefit 4 32 Changing the color 73 Localconditions 2 13 Inversion 4 23 Feedback 0 33 Homogeneity 1
4 Asymmetry 5 14 Spheroidality 9 24 Mediator 0 34 Rejecting and regeneratingparts 7
5 Combining 3 15 Dynamicity 9 25 Self-service 1 35 Transformation of physicaland chemical states of an object 6
6 Universality 2 16 Partial oroverdone action 2 26 Copying 4 36 Phase transition 1
7 Nesting 2 17 Moving to a newdimension 3
27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive
durable one0 37 0ermal expansion 1
8 Counterweight 1 18 Mechanicalvibration 2 28 Replacement of a mechanical
system 3 38 Using strong oxidizers 0
9 Prior counter 1 19 Periodic action 1 29 Use a pneumatic or hydraulicconstruction 5 39 Inert environment 1
10 Prior action 10 20 Continuity ofuseful action 0 30 Flexible film or hydraulic
construction 2 40 Composite materials 5
Table 8 Description of appearance improvements of hand-held rotary tiller
Appearance Original understanding Description of improvement
Dynamic
Segmentation curved surfacedynamic characteristicsphysicalchemical change
combination
Curved surface design geometric scale bright andrefreshing feeling
Harmonious
Preactiondiscard or regenerate
extractionpneumatic and hydraulic structures
spatial dimension changemechanical system substitution
Parametric design concise and harmonious matchcolors for design the sense of volume in geometric
form
Individual
Change the colorcompositeasymmetry
spatial dimension change
Reasonable division of the layout systematic designchange harmful factors to favourable factors
All the original understandings come from TRIZ theory
(a) (b)
Figure 3 Hand drawing of the hand-held rotary tiller
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 9
bull head has been reinterpreted into the modern image ofbull head as shown in Figure 6 It expressed the traditionalcultivation culture Finally we used computer-aided in-dustrial design software to model the hand-held rotary tillerwith this image and obtained an innovative conceptualdesign scheme as shown in Figures 7 and 8
33 Design Evaluation for Hand-Held Rotary Tiller In orderto verify the reliability and innovation of conceptual designa conceptual scheme evaluation map was made with four
typical samples as shown in Figure 9 0e weight of fiveschemes were calculated by the AHP and construction ofjudgment matrix and the evaluation results of conceptualdesign scheme and other typical sample schemes were ob-tained [24]
0ree aspects of the 5 schemes modeling function andcolor matching were evaluated to find out an innovativehand-held rotary tiller design scheme (see Figure 10) In thiswork the evaluation weight was confirmed by several ex-perts including two industrial design experts and two ag-ricultural machinery design experts 0e results were more
Switch Hand connecting rod Motor
Chassis
GearingWheel
Handle
Rotary blade
Vegetation
Soil
Hold Support
Support
Control
Hold
SupportControl Control
DriveSupport
Support
Obstacle
Obstacle
Adhesion
Adhesion
Conrol
Control
Control
System component
Hypersystem component
Object
Normal functionInadequate function
Harmful function
Figure 4 System component function analysis of the hand-held rotary tiller
Table 9 Analysis on engineering parameters of hand-held rotary tillers
Emotionalwords Function Improvement factors Deteriorating factors TRIZ solution
SafetySafety (27) Reliability
(9) Speed 1 Segmentation 11 Cushion in advance21 Rushing through 16 Partial or
overdone action 28 Replacement of amechanical system 35 Transformation ofphysical and chemical states of an object
(12) Shape
Antivibration (31) Harmful factors sideeffects (36) Complexity of device 1 Segmentation 19 Periodic action 31
Use of porous materials
Comfortable Antiskid (27) Reliability (30) Harmful factors acting onobject
2 Extraction 27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive durable one
35 Transformation of physical andchemical states of an object 40 Composite
materials
Practical Practical (35) Adaptability (36) Complexity of equipment
15 Dynamicity 28 Replacement of amechanical system 29 Use a pneumatic or
hydraulic construction 37 0ermalexpansion
All Arabic numerals in Table 9 are the serial numbers in the TRIZ conflict matrix
10 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
objective because both of them were very familiar with thehand-held rotary tiller [25] And several judgment matriceswere constructed according to the data of questionnaires0rough the evaluation matrix the designer determines therequirement weighting coefficients of the criterion layer andthe scheme layer
331 Construction of Judgment Matrix
(1) Constructing judgment matrix As1 of the criterionlayer (s 1 2 3 and 4 where s stands for expert t 12 3 4 5 and 6 where t stands for scheme)
A11
1 315
13
15
1
13
113
13
15
13
5 3 1 3 1 5
3 313
113
5
5 5 1 3 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Table 10 Functional principles of the hand-held rotary tiller
Function Principle Principle elaboration
Safety
Replacement of a mechanical system Cushion in advance
Segmentation Rushing through
Partial or overdone action Transformation of physical and chemical states of an
object
Replacement of a mechanical system was currently arelatively new idea that can be tracked further
Cushion in advance was less innovative but it neededstudying
Segmentation rushing through and partial oroverdone action were not useful for safetyIt was not necessary to increase the cost for
transformation of physical and chemical states of anobject
AntivibrationUse of porous materials
Periodic action Segmentation
Use of porous materials was useful for buffervibrations Periodic action may cause resonance
Segmentation was not appropriate for Antivibration
Antiskid
Composite materials An inexpensive short-life object instead of an
expensive durable oneTransformation of physical and chemical states of an
object Extraction
Composite materials can be considered emphatically0e inventive principle of cheap alternatives was
needed further analysis 0e principle thattransformation of physical and chemical states of ahand-held rotary tiller may increase costs was not
taken into accountExtraction was not very suitable for the product
Practical
Dynamicity Replacement of a mechanical system
Use a pneumatic or hydraulic construction0ermal expansion
Dynamicity deserves to be considered and used0e inventive principle of replacing mechanical systemsusing pneumatic or hydraulic structures can continue to
be tracked 0ermal expansion can be excludedAll the principles come from the 40 original principles of TRIZ
Table 11 Description of technical improvements of the hand-held rotary tiller
Principle name Description of improvement
Replacement of a mechanical system0epressure sensor in the handle of the hand-held rotary tiller can detect the pressure of theoperatorrsquos hands on the handle When an accident occurs the single chip microcomputer
built in the hand-held rotary tiller will cut off the motor and stop the work
Use of porous materials Porous materials can be used for sound insulation but also can reduce the quality andvibration of hand-held rotary tiller
Composite materials 0e composite material can be used to improve the strength and rigidity of the machineand reduce the quality of the hand-held rotary tiller
Dynamicity Hand-held connecting rod was adjustable Rotary tiller blade can be replaced
Table 12 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotarytillers
A11minus B A21minus B A31minus B A41minus B
ω(2)s1
00608 00470 00460 0052400348 00278 00460 0029003419 04242 03953 0413901597 01275 00985 0133003419 03233 03569 0315500608 00502 00573 00561
λmax 65433 65882 65313 65504CI 01087 01176 01063 01101CR 00876 00949 00857 00888 Accept
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 11
Chassis Motor
Rotary bladeWheel
Gearing
Handle
Wire Pressure sensors
Hand connecting rod
Monochip computers
Height adjustable
Replacement of blade
Figure 5 Functional system diagram of the hand-held rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
Figure 6 Iterative design of front face pattern of the rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c)
Figure 7 Conceptual design scheme of the hand-held rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Figure 8 Color series of the hand-held rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
Figure 9 Typical sample schemes and conceptual design scheme (a) Scheme 1 (b) Scheme 2 (c) Scheme 3 (d) Scheme 4 (e) Scheme 5
12 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
A21
1 317
13
17
1
13
115
13
15
13
7 5 1 5 1 7
3 315
113
5
7 5 1 3 1 3
1 317
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
A31
1 115
13
15
1
1 115
115
13
5 5 1 5 1 5
3 115
115
5
5 5 1 5 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
A41
1 317
13
15
1
13
115
13
15
13
7 5 1 5 1 5
3 315
113
5
5 5 1 3 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
(5)
(2) Constructing judgment matrix Bst of the schemelayer
B11
113
315
15
3 1 5 3 1
13
15
117
17
515
7 1 1
5 1 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B21
113
315
15
3 1 5 113
13
15
113
13
5 1 7 1 1
5 3 3 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B31
113
515
15
3 1 3 1 13
15
13
115
17
5 1 5 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Target layer Selection of innovation scheme for hand-held rotary tiller
Criterionlayer
B1Harmonious
B2Dynamic
B3Safety
B4Comfortable
B5Practical
B6Individual
Schemelayer
C1Scheme 1
C2Scheme 2
C3Scheme 3
C1Scheme 1
C5Scheme 5
Figure 10 Hierarchical model of the hand-held rotary tiller
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 13
B41
113
315
13
3 1 515
13
13
15
115
15
5 5 5 1 3
3 3 513
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B12
113
15
15
15
3 1 3 5 1
15
13
115
17
515
5 1 1
5 1 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B22
113
513
13
3 1 3 1 115
13
115
15
3 1 5 113
3 1 5 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B32
113
515
15
3 1 313
13
15
13
117
17
5 3 7 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B42
113
515
17
3 1 313
13
15
13
115
15
5 3 5 1 1
7 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B13
115
13
17
15
5 1 3 113
313
113
17
7 1 3 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B23
113
113
15
3 1 313
13
113
115
17
3 3 5 113
5 3 5 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B33
113
315
17
3 1 313
15
13
13
117
17
5 5 3 113
7 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B43
113
113
15
3 1 315
15
113
115
15
315
5 1 1
5 5 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B14
113
13
15
15
3 1 113
15
1 1 113
17
5 3 3 113
5 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
14 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
B24
113
315
15
3 1 313
13
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 1 3
5 3 713
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B34
113
517
15
3 1 515
13
15
15
117
15
7 5 7 1 1
5 3 3 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B44
113
315
15
3 1 313
13
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 1 1
5 3 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B15
113
13
17
17
3 1 115
13
3 1 113
15
7 5 3 1 1
7 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B25 5
113
315
17
3 1 313
15
13
15
117
17
5 3 7 113
7 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B35
113
313
15
3 1 113
15
1 1 117
17
3 3 7 1 1
5 5 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B45
113
315
17
3 1 113
15
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 113
7 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B16
113
315
15
3 1 5 113
13
15
117
15
5 1 7 1 1
5 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B26
113
313
15
3 1 713
13
15
17
115
17
3 3 5 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B36
113
315
15
3 1 513
15
13
15
113
17
5 3 3 113
5 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 15
B46
113
515
17
3 1 513
15
15
15
115
17
5 3 5 1 1
7 5 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
(6)
332 Hierarchical Sequencing and Consistency Verification0e maximum eigenvalue λmax 65433 of the judgmentmatrix A11 was obtained by calculation and it was normalizedto ω(2)
11 (00608 00348 03419 01597 03419 00608) 0esix elements of the criterion layer are harmony dynamicssafety comfort practicality and individuality Consistency testis to test the coordination of the importance of each elementCI value of less than 1 indicates that consistency of thejudgmentmatrix is passed and the results are listed in Table 12
0e element bstij in the judgment matrix Bst is the comparisonmeasure of the superiority ofPt to C in the scheme layer (hand-held rotary tiller) 0e weight ω(3)
1t the maximum eigenvalueλmax and the consistency index CI1t were calculated from thecomparison judgment matrix B1t of the third layer and theresults are listed in Table 130e average of the total ranking ofthe scheme layers is shown in Table 14
After calculation the weight coefficient P of the 4 sampleschemes and a new conceptual design scheme of the targetlayer was obtained P1(C1) 007 P2(C2) 014 P3(C3)
006 P4(C4) 030 and P5(C5) 043 where Pt(C1) is theweight coefficient of sample 1 and so on 0erefore theinnovative conceptual design scheme was selected from thefive schemes because the weight coefficient of the conceptualdesign scheme P5(C5) was the largest one 043 0ismethod is effective and feasible for the innovative design ofagricultural machinery
4 Discussion
In order to improve the comprehensive quality of functionalproducts and meet the needs of users for product
Table 13 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotary tiller
B11ndashC B12ndashC B13ndashC B14ndashC B15ndashC B16ndashC Expert 1ω(3)1t 00815 00497 00417 00496 00434 00796
03322 03482 02016 01062 01063 0209100414 00465 00795 00797 01063 0043302290 02244 02156 02518 03720 0308603159 03312 04616 05127 03720 03594
λmax 52876 53691 52469 50252 50939 52194CI 00719 00923 00617 00063 00235 00548CR 00642 00824 00551 00056 00210 00490 Accept
B21ndashC B22ndashC B23ndashC B24ndashC B25ndashC B26ndashC Expert 2ω(3)2t 00856 01172 00712 00749 00658 00927
02247 02547 01524 01425 01209 0170500611 00502 00643 00422 00396 0034702799 02265 02619 04503 02726 0247303487 03515 04502 02902 05012 04547
λmax 54208 53773 52144 52785 52742 54268CI 01052 00943 00536 00696 00685 01067CR 00939 00842 00479 00622 00612 00935 Accept
B31ndashC B32ndashC B33ndashC B34ndashC B35ndashC B36ndashC Expert 3ω(3)3t 00855 00826 00669 00758 00692 00744
01832 01419 01231 01393 01074 0141600420 00379 00403 00359 00680 0044802247 02890 02595 04186 03393 0243404646 04485 05102 03304 04162 04957
λmax 53965 54257 53429 54404 52374 54451CI 00991 01064 00857 01101 00594 01113CR 00885 00950 00765 00983 00530 00994 Accept
B41ndashC B42ndashC B43ndashC B44ndashC B45ndashC B46ndashC Expert 4ω(3)4t 00846 00805 00697 00762 00658 00758
01454 01480 01216 01450 01209 0139300444 00452 00629 00429 00396 0035904757 03509 03538 03679 02726 0330402499 03754 03919 03679 05012 04186
λmax 54118 54301 52748 51295 52742 54404CI 01029 01075 00687 00324 00684 01101CR 00919 00960 00613 00289 00612 00983 Accept
16 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
personalization this paper puts forward the improvementexplanation of appearance and function and obtains the in-novative design scheme by introducing KE and TRIZ0eAHPwas used to evaluate the innovative design scheme Combiningwith the design of hand-held rotary tiller the correspondinginnovative design scheme was obtained and the design processwas attempted to be extended to other products 0e maincontent of the literature study [8 25 26] focused on the userrequirements mining or conceptual design stage and the re-searchers have not studied the application of detailed designstage and the subsequent evaluation of innovative design 0ispaper establishes an innovative design model from user needsmining conceptual design detailed design computer-aideddesign and scheme evaluation which is convenient for de-signers to design and develop products and also has a goodreference for innovative design of other products
However because the main research content of thispaper focuses on innovative design process the research onthe evaluation system of the scheme is insufficient In thefollowing work designers can introduce other design the-ories and methods to combine with existing research inorder to improve the process of innovative design
5 Conclusions
In order to improve the comprehensive quality of agricul-tural machinery products based on functional technologyand meet the needs of users the innovation design model ofagricultural machinery products based on KE-TRIZ wasconstructed
Firstly the designer used SD method and PCA methodto quantify and reduce the dimension of affective intentionwords aiming to select comprehensive variables repre-senting the needs of users Secondly by constructing a KE-TRIZ innovative design model the product appearance andfunction were innovatively designed and the contradictionbetween product appearance and function was analyzed tomake it well matched 0en taking the innovative design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as an example the applicationflow was described and the typical samples and designscheme were evaluated by the AHP which shows that themethod has obvious improvement in function and ap-pearance 0e KE-TRIZ method enables designers to designproducts more in line with the actual needs of users which iseffective and feasible for the innovative design of agriculturalmachinery
0e follow-up work is to further explore the integrationof technology cost and other multi-objective-driven in-novative designs of agricultural machinery products in orderto improve the applicability and integrity of the method
Data Availability
All data generated and analyzed during this study are in-cluded within the article
Conflicts of Interest
0e authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest
Authorsrsquo Contributions
Jian-wei Wang conceived and designed the study Jian-minZhang completed the design evaluation Jian-wei Wangcompleted product modeling Jian-min Zhang revised andpolished the manuscript All authors have read and ap-proved the final manuscript All authors contributed equallyto this work
Acknowledgments
0is work was supported by the Guizhou Natural ScienceFund Project (Guizhou Technology Cooperation SupportProgram (2017)1047) the Guizhou Science and TechnologyMajor Project (LH(2014)7629 LH(2016)7432 and LH(2017)7232) and the Academic New Seedling Cultivation andInnovation Exploration Specialization of Guizhou Univer-sity (Guizhou Platform Talents (2017)5788)
References
[1] G Q Yao C Q Xue and H Y Wang ldquoDesign method forcoach styling design based on image cognitionrdquo Journal ofSoutheast University Natural Science Edition vol 46 no 6pp 1198ndash1203 2016
[2] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei Engineering a new ergonomicconsumer-oriented technology for product developmentrdquoInternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 15 no 1pp 3ndash11 1995
[3] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei engineering as a powerful consumer-orientied technology for product developmentrdquo Applied Er-gonomics vol 33 no 3 pp 289ndash294 2002
[4] C E GolnooshRasoulifar and P Guy ldquoCommunicatingconsumer needs in the design process of branded productsrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015
[5] Y T Fu and S J Luo ldquoStyle perception-oriented productfamily shape gene designrdquo Comtuter IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 18 no 3 pp 449ndash457 2012
[6] L N Abdala R B Fernandes A Ogliari M Lower andJ Feldhusen ldquoCreative contributions of the methods of in-ventive principles of TRIZ and BioTRIZ to problem solvingrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 139 no 8 2017
[7] S Kim and B Yoon ldquoDeveloping a process of conceptgeneration for new product-service systems a QFD and
Table 14 Overall ranking result and average value of the third layer
Scheme Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 Scheme 5Expert 1 0048558458 0167268103 0083016534 0281635216 0419521689Expert 2 0072929489 0148099162 0051450184 0288521951 0438999215Expert 3 0070614603 0123757406 0050002922 0302460164 0453164905Expert 4 0070748371 0127513198 0049909632 0335077088 041675171Average value 006571273 0141659467 0058594818 0301923605 043210938
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 17
TRIZ-based approachrdquo Service Business vol 6 no 3pp 323ndash348 2012
[8] R H Tan R H Zhang F Liu and B J Yang ldquoTwo stagesanalogy-based conceptual design based on TRIZrdquo ComputerIntergrated Manufacturing Systems vol 12 no 3 pp 328ndash334 2006
[9] X Z Liu G N Qi J Z Fu B B Fan and J Xu ldquoA designprocess model of intergrated morphlolgical matrix andconflict resolving principlesrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 46 no 12 pp 2243ndash2258 2012
[10] Y H Cohen Y Reich and S Greenberg ldquoBiomineticsstructure-function patterns approachrdquo Journal of MechanicalDesign vol 136 no 11 2014
[11] L L Sun and F S Kong ldquoVisual comfort design of automobileseat based on Kansei engineering and TRIZ theoryrdquo Journal ofJinlin University Engineering and Technology Edition vol 44no 1 pp 106ndash110 2014
[12] W Chen C S Carolyn and Y Bernard ldquoSpecial issue userneeds and preferences in engineering designrdquo Journal ofMechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015
[13] Y X Huang C-H Chen and L P Khoo ldquoProducts clas-sification in emotional design using a basic-emotion basedsemantic differential methodrdquo International Journal of In-dustrial Ergonomics vol 42 no 6 pp 569ndash580 2012
[14] W Lu and J-F Petiot ldquoAffective design of products using anaudio-based protocol application to eyeglass framerdquo In-ternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 44 no 3pp 383ndash394 2014
[15] V Chulvi M C Gonzalez-Cruz E Mulet and J Aguilar-Zambrano ldquoInfluence of the type of idea-generation methodon the creativity of solutionsrdquo Research in Engineering Designvol 24 no 1 pp 33ndash41 2013
[16] B Mannan and Abid Haleem ldquoUnderstanding major di-mensions and determinants that help in diffusion amp adoptionof product innovation using AHP approachrdquo Journal ofGlobal Entrepreneurship Research vol 7 no 1 pp 1ndash24 2017
[17] T Wang and M R Liu ldquoApplication of QFD and AHP inrailway freight transportationrdquo Computer IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 24 no 1 pp 264ndash271 2018
[18] H-N Hsish J F Chen and Q H Du ldquoApplying TRIZ andfuzzy AHP based on lean production to develop an innovativedesign of a new shape for machine toolsrdquo Information vol 6no 1 pp 89ndash110 2015
[19] L-C Chen and L Lin ldquoOptimization of product configu-ration design using functional requirements and constraintsrdquoResearch in Engineering Design vol 13 no 3 pp 167ndash1822002
[20] Y Li M-D Shieh C-C Yang and L Zhu ldquoApplication offuzzy-based hybrid taguchi method for multiobjective opti-mization of product form designrdquo Mathematical Problems inEngineering vol 2018 Article ID 9091514 18 pages 2018
[21] Y Q Xu K Chen H B Qin and Z Y Wang ldquoStudy on theapplication of Kansei engineering in product form designrdquoApplied Mechanics and Materials vol 274 pp 513ndash516 2013
[22] S Hede P V Ferreira M N Lopes and L A Rocha ldquoTRIZand the paradigms of social sustainability in product devel-opment endeavorsrdquo Procedia Engineering vol 131 pp 522ndash538 2015
[23] Z Liu D Hu Y Gao et al ldquoTRIZ based revised design fordisassembly of joint structurerdquo Journal of Mechanical Engi-neering vol 48 no 11 pp 65ndash71 2012
[24] X Ji X J Gu F Dai et al ldquoBioTRIZ-based product in-novative design processrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 48 no 1 pp 35ndash41 2014
[25] X L Li W Zhao Y K Zheng R Wang and C WangldquoInnovative product design based on comprehensive cus-tomer requirements of different cognitive levelsrdquo lte Sci-entific World Journal vol 2014 Article ID 627093 11 pages2014
[26] G D Zhai Z H Liang and M Y Li ldquoStudy on the Opti-mization model of a flexible transmissionrdquo MathematicalProblems in Engineering vol 2019 Article ID 508457312 pages 2019
18 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
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representative samples were selected according to thetypical characteristic combination of the product
(3) Screening and dimension reduction of perceptualpaired words according to the degree of affiliation ofthe perceptual vocabulary which was analyzed andsummed up perceptual word pairs of the typicalsamples in reclaimed questionnaire data were scoredby a 7-point Likert scale method and analyzed byCronbachrsquos alpha method and reliability analysis0e K Langbach coefficient method can test thereliability and consistency of the survey results PCA[14] can be used to extract a small number of per-ceptual vocabularies which can represent most of theperceptual vocabulary variables 0e PCA methodwas used to select the main perceptual vocabulary bythe contribution rate of each index and 4ndash6 pairs ofperceptual vocabulary were screened out ultimately
α k
k minus 11 minus
1113936ki1S
2i
S2x1113890 1113891 (1)
where α is the statistical factor in the K Langbach coefficientmethod k is the number of items S2i is the variance of theitem i and S2x is the overall solution variance for all items
When α is larger than 08 the questionnaire data arereliable
22 Step 2 Innovative Design Based on KE-TRIZ(1) Creating conceptual design models the above 4ndash6
pairs of perceptual words were classified into twogroups based on KE One group is about the ap-pearance structure model and the other is about thefunctional technology model Based on the existingagricultural machinery product situation [15] aconceptual agricultural machinery design model wasconstructed in each group preliminarily
(2) Detailed design by analyzing the perceptual image ofthe agricultural machinery product finding out theengineering parameters of agricultural machineryproducts which need to be improve and then car-rying out the contradiction total matrix analysis iswhich based on TRIZ a series of inventive principleswere obtained and analyzed so as to put forward thedetailed design principles of the agricultural ma-chinery product 0e contradiction between theappearance structure model and function technologymodel was analyzed If there was a contradiction thedesigner used TRIZ toolbox to analyze the designmodel in detail which makes the design model moreperfect
(3) Computer-aided design according to the above stepsagricultural machinery products were designed bycomputer-aided industrial design software
23 Step 3 Design Evaluation In order to objectivelyevaluate the conceptual design of agricultural machineryproducts the AHP was used to evaluate the innovative
design scheme and the previous selection of typical agri-cultural machinery samples [16] 0e AHP was used for thiswork because it has good objectivity and practicability [17]0e basic steps of the AHP are shown as follows
(1) In determining the high-quality agricultural ma-chinery product scheme the hierarchical structure ofthe system should be established target layer cri-terion layer and scheme layer
(2) Compare the indicators of criterion layer with theindicators of scheme layer to determine the weightcoefficient of each layer As shown in Table 1 ajudgment matrix A (B) was constructed
A(B) aij1113872 1113873ntimesn
(2)
A series of pairwise comparisons was made betweenA and B at the same level using the nine-point scalewhich included all the odd numbers ranged from oneto nine and their reciprocal values In this steppairwise comparative matrices are formulated for allevaluation criteria [18]
(3) Calculate the relative importance of elements under asingle criterion 0e feature vector W(23) and themaximum eigenvalue λmax of the judgment matrix A(B) are calculated Eigenvalues are the weight vectorsamong the indexes and themaximum eigenvalues areused to test the consistency of the judgment matrices
CR CIRI
CI λmax minus n
n minus 1
λmax 1n
1113944
n
i1
1113936(nj 1)aijωj
ωi
(3)
where CI is the consistency index RI is the averagerandom consistency index (as shown in Table 2) andλis the eigenvalue of the matrixWhen CRlt 01 it means that the judgment matrix isacceptable [19]
(4) Calculate the weight of the scheme layer to the targetlayer P 0e equation is presented as follows
P ω(3)1 ω(3)
2 ω(3)31113872 1113873ω(2)
(4)
3 Innovative Design and Evaluation for Hand-Held Rotary Tiller
31 User Requirement Analysis (URA) for Hand-Held RotaryTiller 0e steps of KE are as follows (1) target productsamples and emotional image vocabulary collection (2)preliminary clustering of perceptual vocabulary throughquestionnaires and (3) use PCA to reduce the dimension ofperceptual vocabulary and extract perceptual vocabularythat best represents users
4 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
0is work took the innovative design of the hand-heldrotary tiller as an example to illustrate the method Firstly100 perceptual vocabularies related to hand-held rotarytillers were extracted from the objective natural language ofusers 0rough Taobao physical stores and official websitesdesigners collected a large number of samples and con-ducted a large number of analysis and screening 0en thedesigner analyzed the characteristics of the hand-held rotarytiller and selected four typical samples according to themodeling characteristics of the rotary tiller 0e experimentfinally selected 4 kinds of hand-held rotary tillers as typicalsamples and they are shown in Table 3 0en 10 seniordesigners and 20 rival rotary tillers drivers were selected asrespondents Among them 4 designers majored in agri-cultural machinery 6 designers were graduate students inindustrial design 5 drivers had no operation experience and15 drivers had driving experience In the questionnairethere were 12 pairs of adjectives and their antonyms whichwere extracted as reference words for the style description ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as shown shown in Table 4However some adjectives were overlaps in semantics 0eywere given marks according to the Likert 7-point scalemethod for four representative hand-held rotary samplesAnd 6 pairs among them were selected by PCA and theywere thought as representative semantic adjectives for thehand-held rotary tillers [20]
30 Likert 7-point scale questionnaires were designedaccording to the above theory In order to analyze the re-liability of the questionnaire data the reliability of thequestionnaire data was tested by reliability analysis by usingSPSS 50 0e reliability statistics is 0885 which is greaterthan 08 To conclude the 12 pairs of adjectives and theirantonyms in these questionnaires are reliable
A group of new variables was obtained by PCA 0econtribution of variance of these new variables is not thesame 0e extraction of common factors is essentially todetermine some factors from which the information of theoriginal variables can be explained the most All the factorswith selectable eigenvalue greater than a certain critical valueare used as common factors and all the factors with selectableeigenvalue greater than 1 were extracted as common factors
0e data in Table 5 show the eigenvalues variance contri-bution and cumulative variance contribution of the factorsafter the extraction of common factors and after rotation [21]
12 groups of adjectives and antonyms were analyzed inSPSS and the results are shown in Table 6 0ere were sixpairs of adjectives and antonyms related to the principalcomponent the first group included dynamic-static andharmonious-disharmonious the second group consisted ofcomfortable-uncomfortable and practical-gaudy the thirdgroup included safe-dangerous and the fourth groupconsisted of individual-common
0ese four principal components contribute to 81872of the modeling style semantic feature information that is tosay these four style semantic feature principal componentscan well describe the modeling style features of the testsample cases
32 Innovative Design Based on KE and TRIZ for Hand-HeldRotary Tiller Quality function deployment (QFD) translatescustomer or market requirements into design requirementsprocess requirements and production requirements In orderto initially construct an idealizedmodel the house of quality isbuilt by means of the selected perceptual vocabulary andrelevant TRIZ invention principles and the relationshipbetween customer requirements and the performance of thecorresponding products is determined by means of QFDtheoretical knowledge which lays a foundation for the ap-plication of TRIZ later Building a House of Quality (HOQ)mainly includes the following steps (1) calculating user needsand their weights (2) 9 3 and 1 represent values of the strongmedium and weak relation respectively and the relationmatrix is established according to the values (3) the designerestablishes the floor of the HOQ by determining the targetvalue of the quality characteristics (4) competitive analysiscollect the products of the rotary tiller and establish thecompetitive ability evaluation matrix (the competitive abilityis expressed by 1sim5 1 is the worst 5 is the best) (5) technicalcapability evaluation according to the evaluation of pro-fessionals and their own experience the technical capability ofthe current products is compared with that of the competitiveproducts in the important characteristics and the technicalcapability matrix is established and (6) evaluation of therelationship between quality characteristics 0e results areshown in Figure 2
Based on the mapping of representative perceptualvocabulary with the engineering parameters of TRIZ and thecurrent situation of the hand-held rotary tiller the idealizedmodel of hand-held rotary tiller design is preliminarilyconstructed from two aspects of exterior structure andfunction technology as shown in Table 6 [22] Designers canrefer to the weight of stationary objects in TRIZ and createthe dynamic sensibility of products through the overallvolume of products Designers can also embody the har-mony of the whole product through the shape of theproduct In order to personalize the product the designerdesigns the product by feeding back different information tothe consumers Improving the reliability of products canimprove the safety of users using products
Table 1 0e pairwise comparison judgment
Intensity ofimportance Explanation
1 Demand ai has equal importance to demand aj3 Demand ai has weak importance than demand aj5 Demand ai has essential importance than demand aj7 Demand ai is less important than demand aj13 Demand ai is slightly less important than demand aj15 Demand ai is obviously less important than demand
aj17 Demand ai is extremely unimportant than demand aj
Table 2 Average random consistency index
n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9RI 0 0 058 094 112 124 132 141 145
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 5
Table 3 Modeling features of the hand-held rotary tiller
Sample Modeling feature Characteristic analysis Typical sample
Sample 1 Rotary tiller knife and other tools can be replaced
Sample 2 Wheels and rotary tillage knife position put to thefront
Sample 3 Traditional modeling
Sample 4 Hand-held rotary tiller was adjustable
Table 4 12 pairs of adjectives and their antonyms
Num Adjective pairs1 Comfortable-uncomfortable4 Dynamic-static7 Steady-light10 Easy-laborious2 Hard-weak5 Safe-dangerous8 Advanced-outdated11 Holistic-partial3 Practical-gaudy6 Individual-common9 Gorgeous-simple12 Harmonious-disharmonious
Table 5 PCA of semantic features of style
ComponentsInitial eigenvalue Extracting the sum of squares
Total Variance contribution()
Cumulative contribution() Total Variance contribution
()Cumulative contribution
()1 5876 48965 48965 5876 48965 489652 1617 13477 62442 1617 13477 624423 1322 11019 73460 1322 11019 734604 1009 8412 81872 1009 8412 81872 12 0010 0086 100000
6 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
In order to improve the practicability of products de-signers can adopt the principle of adaptability and versatilityin TRIZ theory Since the change in appearance structureaffects the shape parameters the invention is applied to thestatistical principle of the shape parameters used in thecontradiction matrix as shown in Table 7 0e inventionprinciple with higher usage rate is selected so that theoriginal understanding of the appearance structure design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller is provided and the improvementdescription of the inductive design of the hand-held rotarytiller is proposed as shown in Table 80ere are 17 principlesof invention for design (C10 Prior action C1 SegmentationC14 Spheroidality C15 Dynamicity C32 Changing thecolor C34 Rejecting and regenerating parts C35 Trans-formation of physical and chemical states of an object C2Extraction C4 Asymmetry C29 Use a pneumatic or hy-draulic construction C40 Composite materials C13 In-version C22 Convert harm into benefit C26 Copying C5Combining C17 Moving to a new dimension C28 Re-placement of a mechanical system)
According to the interpretation of the invention theshape of the hand-held rotary tiller was initially drawn byhand Designers can propose the direction of design throughthe inspiration of the principle of invention In order toembody the dynamics and coordination of the scheme thedesigner can use streamlined body language to form aconcise and harmonious overall form of the handrail con-necting rod and the head of the hand-held rotary tiller andmatch the reasonable color matching proportion to reducethe volume of the machine in the visual sense In order toreflect the comfort of the scheme the designer can divide themain view and the top view of the rotary tiller reasonably soas to stimulate the userrsquos sense of stability of themachine (seeFigure 3)
System component function analysis is a process ofmodeling system function0emodel should include systemcomponents hypersystem components objects and so onOn this basis the functional model diagram of the hand-heldrotary tiller was constructed as shown in Figure 4 Func-tional model diagrams can help designers understand thesystem identify the problems in the system identify thetypes of problems get inspiration to solve related problemsand then find appropriate solutions for each type of prob-lems in a precise way 0e designer first establishes thecomponent hierarchy model by component analysis then
analyses the relationship between system components es-tablishes the system component relationship model andestablishes the functional model System component func-tion analysis of the hand-held rotary tiller the operator issafe when both hands leave the handle of the hand-heldrotary tiller System components switch hand-held con-necting rods chassis motor rotary tillage knife wheels andtransmission hypersystem components vegetation and soilObjects handles and rotary blade
As shown in Table 9 through the analysis of the relevantengineering parameters in the TRIZ conflict matrix thedesigner has obtained the functional requirements of thehand-held rotary tiller as well as the principles of the in-vention to solve the corresponding problems In Table 9 (12)denotes the engineering parameter serial number and 1 de-notes the serial number of the inventive principle
In Table 10 ldquordquo indicates that the principle is the optimalsolution ldquordquo indicates that the principle needs to be con-sidered and ldquordquo means that the principle was constrainedby the current system and structure or cannot work [23] Forinstance in consideration of safety the physicalchemicalparameters of the existing hand-held rotary tiller had beenbasically determined and it was not necessary to increase thecost to change them Cushion in advance was less innovativebut it is worthy of consideration Segmentation rushingthrough and partial or overdone action were not useful forsafety Replacement of a mechanical system was a new ideathat should be taken into consideration
Several principles with ldquordquo and ldquordquo in Table 11 are il-lustrated in Table 12 for technical improvement of the hand-held rotary tiller
As shown in Table 11 the technical improvements(replacement of mechanical systems porous materialscomposites and dynamics) made by the designer on thehand-held rotary tiller do not conflict with the appearanceimprovements in Table 9 (dynamic harmonious and in-dividual) 0is indicated that the conceptual design can becontinued According to the interpretation of the inventionprinciples the functional technology of the hand-held rotarytiller was preliminarily conceived (see Figure 5)
According to the improvement of product appearanceand function technology explained by the invention prin-ciples three-dimensional modeling and rendering of theproduct were carried out by computer-aided technologyDesigners should meet the physiological and psychological
Table 6 Perceptual design of the hand-held rotary tiller idealized model
Emotionalwords TRIZ engineering parameters Current situation Idealized model
Exteriorstructure
DynamicWeight of stationary object
shape and loss of information
Monotonous old-fashioned colormatching poor systematicdesign and lack of corporate
identity information
Harmonious color design refinedgeometrical shape and full ofcorporate identity information
HarmoniousIndividual
Functionaltechnology
Safety Reliability harmful factorsproduced by objects andadaptability and versatility
Knife will hurt the operator andlacking ergonomic design
Safety high efficiencycomfortable ergonomic design
and reinforced structuralstructures
Comfortable
Practical
All TRIZ engineering parameters in Table 6 come from the 39 engineering parameters in TRIZ
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 7
needs of consumers when designing the appearance andtechnical functions of hand-held rotary tiller In computer-aided modeling the designer extracts some elements of the
front shape of the cattle for the front design of the hand-heldrotary tiller and assembles the front and the hand-held rodinto the head image of the cattle e traditional image of
First Second Third 1 2 3 4 5
Dynamic 3 1 2
Harmonious 5 1 2
Individual 5 1 2
Safety 39 1 2
Comfortable 13 1 2
Practical 33 1 2
5
4
3
2
1
Relative importance 012 014 003 025 022 024
Importance rating (10 ratings) 5 6 1 10 9 10
Absolute importance 180 210 45 384 333 354
Technical assessment 2 2
1 1 1
2 1 1 1 2 2
3 1 3 9
Target Value
Para
met
ric d
esig
n of
inte
gral
mod
elin
g
Usin
g ge
omet
ry b
ioni
c des
ign
Uni
fied
colo
r mat
chin
g an
d ad
ded
war
ning
signs
St
reng
then
the s
truc
ture
and
impr
ove t
hean
ti-vi
brat
ion
perfo
rman
ce
Set u
p pr
ecau
tions
Impr
ovem
ent o
f hum
an-m
achi
nepe
rform
ance
of h
andl
e and
rota
ry ti
llers
High-quality hand-held
rotary tiller
Exterior structure
Functional technology
3 3 9 3 1
3 3 9 1
3 9 1
3 9
1 2 3 4 5 6
3 3
9 Strong relation 3 Medium relation 1 Weak relation
Strong positive correlation Weak positive correlation
times Strong negative correlation Weak negative correlation
Market competitiveness evaluation
1 Current status 2 Competitor
Dem
and
impo
rtan
ce
Wei
ght o
f sta
tiona
ry o
bjec
t
Shap
e
Loss
of i
nfor
mat
ion
Relia
bilit
y
Har
mfu
l fac
tors
pro
duce
d by
obj
ects
Ada
ptab
ility
and
vers
atili
ty
times
Customer demand expansion
times
Technical indicators
Figure 2 Innovative design model for agricultural machinery products
8 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
Table 7 Number of times inventive principles are used by improving shape parameters
Principle ofinvention Num Principle of
invention Num Principle of invention Num Principle of invention Num
1 Segmentation 9 11 Cushion inadvance 0 21 Rushing through 0 31 Use of Porous material 0
2 Extraction 5 12 Equipotentiality 0 22 Convert harm into benefit 4 32 Changing the color 73 Localconditions 2 13 Inversion 4 23 Feedback 0 33 Homogeneity 1
4 Asymmetry 5 14 Spheroidality 9 24 Mediator 0 34 Rejecting and regeneratingparts 7
5 Combining 3 15 Dynamicity 9 25 Self-service 1 35 Transformation of physicaland chemical states of an object 6
6 Universality 2 16 Partial oroverdone action 2 26 Copying 4 36 Phase transition 1
7 Nesting 2 17 Moving to a newdimension 3
27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive
durable one0 37 0ermal expansion 1
8 Counterweight 1 18 Mechanicalvibration 2 28 Replacement of a mechanical
system 3 38 Using strong oxidizers 0
9 Prior counter 1 19 Periodic action 1 29 Use a pneumatic or hydraulicconstruction 5 39 Inert environment 1
10 Prior action 10 20 Continuity ofuseful action 0 30 Flexible film or hydraulic
construction 2 40 Composite materials 5
Table 8 Description of appearance improvements of hand-held rotary tiller
Appearance Original understanding Description of improvement
Dynamic
Segmentation curved surfacedynamic characteristicsphysicalchemical change
combination
Curved surface design geometric scale bright andrefreshing feeling
Harmonious
Preactiondiscard or regenerate
extractionpneumatic and hydraulic structures
spatial dimension changemechanical system substitution
Parametric design concise and harmonious matchcolors for design the sense of volume in geometric
form
Individual
Change the colorcompositeasymmetry
spatial dimension change
Reasonable division of the layout systematic designchange harmful factors to favourable factors
All the original understandings come from TRIZ theory
(a) (b)
Figure 3 Hand drawing of the hand-held rotary tiller
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 9
bull head has been reinterpreted into the modern image ofbull head as shown in Figure 6 It expressed the traditionalcultivation culture Finally we used computer-aided in-dustrial design software to model the hand-held rotary tillerwith this image and obtained an innovative conceptualdesign scheme as shown in Figures 7 and 8
33 Design Evaluation for Hand-Held Rotary Tiller In orderto verify the reliability and innovation of conceptual designa conceptual scheme evaluation map was made with four
typical samples as shown in Figure 9 0e weight of fiveschemes were calculated by the AHP and construction ofjudgment matrix and the evaluation results of conceptualdesign scheme and other typical sample schemes were ob-tained [24]
0ree aspects of the 5 schemes modeling function andcolor matching were evaluated to find out an innovativehand-held rotary tiller design scheme (see Figure 10) In thiswork the evaluation weight was confirmed by several ex-perts including two industrial design experts and two ag-ricultural machinery design experts 0e results were more
Switch Hand connecting rod Motor
Chassis
GearingWheel
Handle
Rotary blade
Vegetation
Soil
Hold Support
Support
Control
Hold
SupportControl Control
DriveSupport
Support
Obstacle
Obstacle
Adhesion
Adhesion
Conrol
Control
Control
System component
Hypersystem component
Object
Normal functionInadequate function
Harmful function
Figure 4 System component function analysis of the hand-held rotary tiller
Table 9 Analysis on engineering parameters of hand-held rotary tillers
Emotionalwords Function Improvement factors Deteriorating factors TRIZ solution
SafetySafety (27) Reliability
(9) Speed 1 Segmentation 11 Cushion in advance21 Rushing through 16 Partial or
overdone action 28 Replacement of amechanical system 35 Transformation ofphysical and chemical states of an object
(12) Shape
Antivibration (31) Harmful factors sideeffects (36) Complexity of device 1 Segmentation 19 Periodic action 31
Use of porous materials
Comfortable Antiskid (27) Reliability (30) Harmful factors acting onobject
2 Extraction 27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive durable one
35 Transformation of physical andchemical states of an object 40 Composite
materials
Practical Practical (35) Adaptability (36) Complexity of equipment
15 Dynamicity 28 Replacement of amechanical system 29 Use a pneumatic or
hydraulic construction 37 0ermalexpansion
All Arabic numerals in Table 9 are the serial numbers in the TRIZ conflict matrix
10 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
objective because both of them were very familiar with thehand-held rotary tiller [25] And several judgment matriceswere constructed according to the data of questionnaires0rough the evaluation matrix the designer determines therequirement weighting coefficients of the criterion layer andthe scheme layer
331 Construction of Judgment Matrix
(1) Constructing judgment matrix As1 of the criterionlayer (s 1 2 3 and 4 where s stands for expert t 12 3 4 5 and 6 where t stands for scheme)
A11
1 315
13
15
1
13
113
13
15
13
5 3 1 3 1 5
3 313
113
5
5 5 1 3 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Table 10 Functional principles of the hand-held rotary tiller
Function Principle Principle elaboration
Safety
Replacement of a mechanical system Cushion in advance
Segmentation Rushing through
Partial or overdone action Transformation of physical and chemical states of an
object
Replacement of a mechanical system was currently arelatively new idea that can be tracked further
Cushion in advance was less innovative but it neededstudying
Segmentation rushing through and partial oroverdone action were not useful for safetyIt was not necessary to increase the cost for
transformation of physical and chemical states of anobject
AntivibrationUse of porous materials
Periodic action Segmentation
Use of porous materials was useful for buffervibrations Periodic action may cause resonance
Segmentation was not appropriate for Antivibration
Antiskid
Composite materials An inexpensive short-life object instead of an
expensive durable oneTransformation of physical and chemical states of an
object Extraction
Composite materials can be considered emphatically0e inventive principle of cheap alternatives was
needed further analysis 0e principle thattransformation of physical and chemical states of ahand-held rotary tiller may increase costs was not
taken into accountExtraction was not very suitable for the product
Practical
Dynamicity Replacement of a mechanical system
Use a pneumatic or hydraulic construction0ermal expansion
Dynamicity deserves to be considered and used0e inventive principle of replacing mechanical systemsusing pneumatic or hydraulic structures can continue to
be tracked 0ermal expansion can be excludedAll the principles come from the 40 original principles of TRIZ
Table 11 Description of technical improvements of the hand-held rotary tiller
Principle name Description of improvement
Replacement of a mechanical system0epressure sensor in the handle of the hand-held rotary tiller can detect the pressure of theoperatorrsquos hands on the handle When an accident occurs the single chip microcomputer
built in the hand-held rotary tiller will cut off the motor and stop the work
Use of porous materials Porous materials can be used for sound insulation but also can reduce the quality andvibration of hand-held rotary tiller
Composite materials 0e composite material can be used to improve the strength and rigidity of the machineand reduce the quality of the hand-held rotary tiller
Dynamicity Hand-held connecting rod was adjustable Rotary tiller blade can be replaced
Table 12 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotarytillers
A11minus B A21minus B A31minus B A41minus B
ω(2)s1
00608 00470 00460 0052400348 00278 00460 0029003419 04242 03953 0413901597 01275 00985 0133003419 03233 03569 0315500608 00502 00573 00561
λmax 65433 65882 65313 65504CI 01087 01176 01063 01101CR 00876 00949 00857 00888 Accept
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 11
Chassis Motor
Rotary bladeWheel
Gearing
Handle
Wire Pressure sensors
Hand connecting rod
Monochip computers
Height adjustable
Replacement of blade
Figure 5 Functional system diagram of the hand-held rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
Figure 6 Iterative design of front face pattern of the rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c)
Figure 7 Conceptual design scheme of the hand-held rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Figure 8 Color series of the hand-held rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
Figure 9 Typical sample schemes and conceptual design scheme (a) Scheme 1 (b) Scheme 2 (c) Scheme 3 (d) Scheme 4 (e) Scheme 5
12 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
A21
1 317
13
17
1
13
115
13
15
13
7 5 1 5 1 7
3 315
113
5
7 5 1 3 1 3
1 317
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
A31
1 115
13
15
1
1 115
115
13
5 5 1 5 1 5
3 115
115
5
5 5 1 5 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
A41
1 317
13
15
1
13
115
13
15
13
7 5 1 5 1 5
3 315
113
5
5 5 1 3 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
(5)
(2) Constructing judgment matrix Bst of the schemelayer
B11
113
315
15
3 1 5 3 1
13
15
117
17
515
7 1 1
5 1 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B21
113
315
15
3 1 5 113
13
15
113
13
5 1 7 1 1
5 3 3 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B31
113
515
15
3 1 3 1 13
15
13
115
17
5 1 5 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Target layer Selection of innovation scheme for hand-held rotary tiller
Criterionlayer
B1Harmonious
B2Dynamic
B3Safety
B4Comfortable
B5Practical
B6Individual
Schemelayer
C1Scheme 1
C2Scheme 2
C3Scheme 3
C1Scheme 1
C5Scheme 5
Figure 10 Hierarchical model of the hand-held rotary tiller
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 13
B41
113
315
13
3 1 515
13
13
15
115
15
5 5 5 1 3
3 3 513
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B12
113
15
15
15
3 1 3 5 1
15
13
115
17
515
5 1 1
5 1 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B22
113
513
13
3 1 3 1 115
13
115
15
3 1 5 113
3 1 5 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B32
113
515
15
3 1 313
13
15
13
117
17
5 3 7 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B42
113
515
17
3 1 313
13
15
13
115
15
5 3 5 1 1
7 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B13
115
13
17
15
5 1 3 113
313
113
17
7 1 3 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B23
113
113
15
3 1 313
13
113
115
17
3 3 5 113
5 3 5 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B33
113
315
17
3 1 313
15
13
13
117
17
5 5 3 113
7 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B43
113
113
15
3 1 315
15
113
115
15
315
5 1 1
5 5 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B14
113
13
15
15
3 1 113
15
1 1 113
17
5 3 3 113
5 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
14 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
B24
113
315
15
3 1 313
13
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 1 3
5 3 713
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B34
113
517
15
3 1 515
13
15
15
117
15
7 5 7 1 1
5 3 3 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B44
113
315
15
3 1 313
13
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 1 1
5 3 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B15
113
13
17
17
3 1 115
13
3 1 113
15
7 5 3 1 1
7 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B25 5
113
315
17
3 1 313
15
13
15
117
17
5 3 7 113
7 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B35
113
313
15
3 1 113
15
1 1 117
17
3 3 7 1 1
5 5 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B45
113
315
17
3 1 113
15
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 113
7 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B16
113
315
15
3 1 5 113
13
15
117
15
5 1 7 1 1
5 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B26
113
313
15
3 1 713
13
15
17
115
17
3 3 5 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B36
113
315
15
3 1 513
15
13
15
113
17
5 3 3 113
5 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 15
B46
113
515
17
3 1 513
15
15
15
115
17
5 3 5 1 1
7 5 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
(6)
332 Hierarchical Sequencing and Consistency Verification0e maximum eigenvalue λmax 65433 of the judgmentmatrix A11 was obtained by calculation and it was normalizedto ω(2)
11 (00608 00348 03419 01597 03419 00608) 0esix elements of the criterion layer are harmony dynamicssafety comfort practicality and individuality Consistency testis to test the coordination of the importance of each elementCI value of less than 1 indicates that consistency of thejudgmentmatrix is passed and the results are listed in Table 12
0e element bstij in the judgment matrix Bst is the comparisonmeasure of the superiority ofPt to C in the scheme layer (hand-held rotary tiller) 0e weight ω(3)
1t the maximum eigenvalueλmax and the consistency index CI1t were calculated from thecomparison judgment matrix B1t of the third layer and theresults are listed in Table 130e average of the total ranking ofthe scheme layers is shown in Table 14
After calculation the weight coefficient P of the 4 sampleschemes and a new conceptual design scheme of the targetlayer was obtained P1(C1) 007 P2(C2) 014 P3(C3)
006 P4(C4) 030 and P5(C5) 043 where Pt(C1) is theweight coefficient of sample 1 and so on 0erefore theinnovative conceptual design scheme was selected from thefive schemes because the weight coefficient of the conceptualdesign scheme P5(C5) was the largest one 043 0ismethod is effective and feasible for the innovative design ofagricultural machinery
4 Discussion
In order to improve the comprehensive quality of functionalproducts and meet the needs of users for product
Table 13 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotary tiller
B11ndashC B12ndashC B13ndashC B14ndashC B15ndashC B16ndashC Expert 1ω(3)1t 00815 00497 00417 00496 00434 00796
03322 03482 02016 01062 01063 0209100414 00465 00795 00797 01063 0043302290 02244 02156 02518 03720 0308603159 03312 04616 05127 03720 03594
λmax 52876 53691 52469 50252 50939 52194CI 00719 00923 00617 00063 00235 00548CR 00642 00824 00551 00056 00210 00490 Accept
B21ndashC B22ndashC B23ndashC B24ndashC B25ndashC B26ndashC Expert 2ω(3)2t 00856 01172 00712 00749 00658 00927
02247 02547 01524 01425 01209 0170500611 00502 00643 00422 00396 0034702799 02265 02619 04503 02726 0247303487 03515 04502 02902 05012 04547
λmax 54208 53773 52144 52785 52742 54268CI 01052 00943 00536 00696 00685 01067CR 00939 00842 00479 00622 00612 00935 Accept
B31ndashC B32ndashC B33ndashC B34ndashC B35ndashC B36ndashC Expert 3ω(3)3t 00855 00826 00669 00758 00692 00744
01832 01419 01231 01393 01074 0141600420 00379 00403 00359 00680 0044802247 02890 02595 04186 03393 0243404646 04485 05102 03304 04162 04957
λmax 53965 54257 53429 54404 52374 54451CI 00991 01064 00857 01101 00594 01113CR 00885 00950 00765 00983 00530 00994 Accept
B41ndashC B42ndashC B43ndashC B44ndashC B45ndashC B46ndashC Expert 4ω(3)4t 00846 00805 00697 00762 00658 00758
01454 01480 01216 01450 01209 0139300444 00452 00629 00429 00396 0035904757 03509 03538 03679 02726 0330402499 03754 03919 03679 05012 04186
λmax 54118 54301 52748 51295 52742 54404CI 01029 01075 00687 00324 00684 01101CR 00919 00960 00613 00289 00612 00983 Accept
16 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
personalization this paper puts forward the improvementexplanation of appearance and function and obtains the in-novative design scheme by introducing KE and TRIZ0eAHPwas used to evaluate the innovative design scheme Combiningwith the design of hand-held rotary tiller the correspondinginnovative design scheme was obtained and the design processwas attempted to be extended to other products 0e maincontent of the literature study [8 25 26] focused on the userrequirements mining or conceptual design stage and the re-searchers have not studied the application of detailed designstage and the subsequent evaluation of innovative design 0ispaper establishes an innovative design model from user needsmining conceptual design detailed design computer-aideddesign and scheme evaluation which is convenient for de-signers to design and develop products and also has a goodreference for innovative design of other products
However because the main research content of thispaper focuses on innovative design process the research onthe evaluation system of the scheme is insufficient In thefollowing work designers can introduce other design the-ories and methods to combine with existing research inorder to improve the process of innovative design
5 Conclusions
In order to improve the comprehensive quality of agricul-tural machinery products based on functional technologyand meet the needs of users the innovation design model ofagricultural machinery products based on KE-TRIZ wasconstructed
Firstly the designer used SD method and PCA methodto quantify and reduce the dimension of affective intentionwords aiming to select comprehensive variables repre-senting the needs of users Secondly by constructing a KE-TRIZ innovative design model the product appearance andfunction were innovatively designed and the contradictionbetween product appearance and function was analyzed tomake it well matched 0en taking the innovative design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as an example the applicationflow was described and the typical samples and designscheme were evaluated by the AHP which shows that themethod has obvious improvement in function and ap-pearance 0e KE-TRIZ method enables designers to designproducts more in line with the actual needs of users which iseffective and feasible for the innovative design of agriculturalmachinery
0e follow-up work is to further explore the integrationof technology cost and other multi-objective-driven in-novative designs of agricultural machinery products in orderto improve the applicability and integrity of the method
Data Availability
All data generated and analyzed during this study are in-cluded within the article
Conflicts of Interest
0e authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest
Authorsrsquo Contributions
Jian-wei Wang conceived and designed the study Jian-minZhang completed the design evaluation Jian-wei Wangcompleted product modeling Jian-min Zhang revised andpolished the manuscript All authors have read and ap-proved the final manuscript All authors contributed equallyto this work
Acknowledgments
0is work was supported by the Guizhou Natural ScienceFund Project (Guizhou Technology Cooperation SupportProgram (2017)1047) the Guizhou Science and TechnologyMajor Project (LH(2014)7629 LH(2016)7432 and LH(2017)7232) and the Academic New Seedling Cultivation andInnovation Exploration Specialization of Guizhou Univer-sity (Guizhou Platform Talents (2017)5788)
References
[1] G Q Yao C Q Xue and H Y Wang ldquoDesign method forcoach styling design based on image cognitionrdquo Journal ofSoutheast University Natural Science Edition vol 46 no 6pp 1198ndash1203 2016
[2] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei Engineering a new ergonomicconsumer-oriented technology for product developmentrdquoInternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 15 no 1pp 3ndash11 1995
[3] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei engineering as a powerful consumer-orientied technology for product developmentrdquo Applied Er-gonomics vol 33 no 3 pp 289ndash294 2002
[4] C E GolnooshRasoulifar and P Guy ldquoCommunicatingconsumer needs in the design process of branded productsrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015
[5] Y T Fu and S J Luo ldquoStyle perception-oriented productfamily shape gene designrdquo Comtuter IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 18 no 3 pp 449ndash457 2012
[6] L N Abdala R B Fernandes A Ogliari M Lower andJ Feldhusen ldquoCreative contributions of the methods of in-ventive principles of TRIZ and BioTRIZ to problem solvingrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 139 no 8 2017
[7] S Kim and B Yoon ldquoDeveloping a process of conceptgeneration for new product-service systems a QFD and
Table 14 Overall ranking result and average value of the third layer
Scheme Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 Scheme 5Expert 1 0048558458 0167268103 0083016534 0281635216 0419521689Expert 2 0072929489 0148099162 0051450184 0288521951 0438999215Expert 3 0070614603 0123757406 0050002922 0302460164 0453164905Expert 4 0070748371 0127513198 0049909632 0335077088 041675171Average value 006571273 0141659467 0058594818 0301923605 043210938
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 17
TRIZ-based approachrdquo Service Business vol 6 no 3pp 323ndash348 2012
[8] R H Tan R H Zhang F Liu and B J Yang ldquoTwo stagesanalogy-based conceptual design based on TRIZrdquo ComputerIntergrated Manufacturing Systems vol 12 no 3 pp 328ndash334 2006
[9] X Z Liu G N Qi J Z Fu B B Fan and J Xu ldquoA designprocess model of intergrated morphlolgical matrix andconflict resolving principlesrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 46 no 12 pp 2243ndash2258 2012
[10] Y H Cohen Y Reich and S Greenberg ldquoBiomineticsstructure-function patterns approachrdquo Journal of MechanicalDesign vol 136 no 11 2014
[11] L L Sun and F S Kong ldquoVisual comfort design of automobileseat based on Kansei engineering and TRIZ theoryrdquo Journal ofJinlin University Engineering and Technology Edition vol 44no 1 pp 106ndash110 2014
[12] W Chen C S Carolyn and Y Bernard ldquoSpecial issue userneeds and preferences in engineering designrdquo Journal ofMechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015
[13] Y X Huang C-H Chen and L P Khoo ldquoProducts clas-sification in emotional design using a basic-emotion basedsemantic differential methodrdquo International Journal of In-dustrial Ergonomics vol 42 no 6 pp 569ndash580 2012
[14] W Lu and J-F Petiot ldquoAffective design of products using anaudio-based protocol application to eyeglass framerdquo In-ternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 44 no 3pp 383ndash394 2014
[15] V Chulvi M C Gonzalez-Cruz E Mulet and J Aguilar-Zambrano ldquoInfluence of the type of idea-generation methodon the creativity of solutionsrdquo Research in Engineering Designvol 24 no 1 pp 33ndash41 2013
[16] B Mannan and Abid Haleem ldquoUnderstanding major di-mensions and determinants that help in diffusion amp adoptionof product innovation using AHP approachrdquo Journal ofGlobal Entrepreneurship Research vol 7 no 1 pp 1ndash24 2017
[17] T Wang and M R Liu ldquoApplication of QFD and AHP inrailway freight transportationrdquo Computer IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 24 no 1 pp 264ndash271 2018
[18] H-N Hsish J F Chen and Q H Du ldquoApplying TRIZ andfuzzy AHP based on lean production to develop an innovativedesign of a new shape for machine toolsrdquo Information vol 6no 1 pp 89ndash110 2015
[19] L-C Chen and L Lin ldquoOptimization of product configu-ration design using functional requirements and constraintsrdquoResearch in Engineering Design vol 13 no 3 pp 167ndash1822002
[20] Y Li M-D Shieh C-C Yang and L Zhu ldquoApplication offuzzy-based hybrid taguchi method for multiobjective opti-mization of product form designrdquo Mathematical Problems inEngineering vol 2018 Article ID 9091514 18 pages 2018
[21] Y Q Xu K Chen H B Qin and Z Y Wang ldquoStudy on theapplication of Kansei engineering in product form designrdquoApplied Mechanics and Materials vol 274 pp 513ndash516 2013
[22] S Hede P V Ferreira M N Lopes and L A Rocha ldquoTRIZand the paradigms of social sustainability in product devel-opment endeavorsrdquo Procedia Engineering vol 131 pp 522ndash538 2015
[23] Z Liu D Hu Y Gao et al ldquoTRIZ based revised design fordisassembly of joint structurerdquo Journal of Mechanical Engi-neering vol 48 no 11 pp 65ndash71 2012
[24] X Ji X J Gu F Dai et al ldquoBioTRIZ-based product in-novative design processrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 48 no 1 pp 35ndash41 2014
[25] X L Li W Zhao Y K Zheng R Wang and C WangldquoInnovative product design based on comprehensive cus-tomer requirements of different cognitive levelsrdquo lte Sci-entific World Journal vol 2014 Article ID 627093 11 pages2014
[26] G D Zhai Z H Liang and M Y Li ldquoStudy on the Opti-mization model of a flexible transmissionrdquo MathematicalProblems in Engineering vol 2019 Article ID 508457312 pages 2019
18 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
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0is work took the innovative design of the hand-heldrotary tiller as an example to illustrate the method Firstly100 perceptual vocabularies related to hand-held rotarytillers were extracted from the objective natural language ofusers 0rough Taobao physical stores and official websitesdesigners collected a large number of samples and con-ducted a large number of analysis and screening 0en thedesigner analyzed the characteristics of the hand-held rotarytiller and selected four typical samples according to themodeling characteristics of the rotary tiller 0e experimentfinally selected 4 kinds of hand-held rotary tillers as typicalsamples and they are shown in Table 3 0en 10 seniordesigners and 20 rival rotary tillers drivers were selected asrespondents Among them 4 designers majored in agri-cultural machinery 6 designers were graduate students inindustrial design 5 drivers had no operation experience and15 drivers had driving experience In the questionnairethere were 12 pairs of adjectives and their antonyms whichwere extracted as reference words for the style description ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as shown shown in Table 4However some adjectives were overlaps in semantics 0eywere given marks according to the Likert 7-point scalemethod for four representative hand-held rotary samplesAnd 6 pairs among them were selected by PCA and theywere thought as representative semantic adjectives for thehand-held rotary tillers [20]
30 Likert 7-point scale questionnaires were designedaccording to the above theory In order to analyze the re-liability of the questionnaire data the reliability of thequestionnaire data was tested by reliability analysis by usingSPSS 50 0e reliability statistics is 0885 which is greaterthan 08 To conclude the 12 pairs of adjectives and theirantonyms in these questionnaires are reliable
A group of new variables was obtained by PCA 0econtribution of variance of these new variables is not thesame 0e extraction of common factors is essentially todetermine some factors from which the information of theoriginal variables can be explained the most All the factorswith selectable eigenvalue greater than a certain critical valueare used as common factors and all the factors with selectableeigenvalue greater than 1 were extracted as common factors
0e data in Table 5 show the eigenvalues variance contri-bution and cumulative variance contribution of the factorsafter the extraction of common factors and after rotation [21]
12 groups of adjectives and antonyms were analyzed inSPSS and the results are shown in Table 6 0ere were sixpairs of adjectives and antonyms related to the principalcomponent the first group included dynamic-static andharmonious-disharmonious the second group consisted ofcomfortable-uncomfortable and practical-gaudy the thirdgroup included safe-dangerous and the fourth groupconsisted of individual-common
0ese four principal components contribute to 81872of the modeling style semantic feature information that is tosay these four style semantic feature principal componentscan well describe the modeling style features of the testsample cases
32 Innovative Design Based on KE and TRIZ for Hand-HeldRotary Tiller Quality function deployment (QFD) translatescustomer or market requirements into design requirementsprocess requirements and production requirements In orderto initially construct an idealizedmodel the house of quality isbuilt by means of the selected perceptual vocabulary andrelevant TRIZ invention principles and the relationshipbetween customer requirements and the performance of thecorresponding products is determined by means of QFDtheoretical knowledge which lays a foundation for the ap-plication of TRIZ later Building a House of Quality (HOQ)mainly includes the following steps (1) calculating user needsand their weights (2) 9 3 and 1 represent values of the strongmedium and weak relation respectively and the relationmatrix is established according to the values (3) the designerestablishes the floor of the HOQ by determining the targetvalue of the quality characteristics (4) competitive analysiscollect the products of the rotary tiller and establish thecompetitive ability evaluation matrix (the competitive abilityis expressed by 1sim5 1 is the worst 5 is the best) (5) technicalcapability evaluation according to the evaluation of pro-fessionals and their own experience the technical capability ofthe current products is compared with that of the competitiveproducts in the important characteristics and the technicalcapability matrix is established and (6) evaluation of therelationship between quality characteristics 0e results areshown in Figure 2
Based on the mapping of representative perceptualvocabulary with the engineering parameters of TRIZ and thecurrent situation of the hand-held rotary tiller the idealizedmodel of hand-held rotary tiller design is preliminarilyconstructed from two aspects of exterior structure andfunction technology as shown in Table 6 [22] Designers canrefer to the weight of stationary objects in TRIZ and createthe dynamic sensibility of products through the overallvolume of products Designers can also embody the har-mony of the whole product through the shape of theproduct In order to personalize the product the designerdesigns the product by feeding back different information tothe consumers Improving the reliability of products canimprove the safety of users using products
Table 1 0e pairwise comparison judgment
Intensity ofimportance Explanation
1 Demand ai has equal importance to demand aj3 Demand ai has weak importance than demand aj5 Demand ai has essential importance than demand aj7 Demand ai is less important than demand aj13 Demand ai is slightly less important than demand aj15 Demand ai is obviously less important than demand
aj17 Demand ai is extremely unimportant than demand aj
Table 2 Average random consistency index
n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9RI 0 0 058 094 112 124 132 141 145
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 5
Table 3 Modeling features of the hand-held rotary tiller
Sample Modeling feature Characteristic analysis Typical sample
Sample 1 Rotary tiller knife and other tools can be replaced
Sample 2 Wheels and rotary tillage knife position put to thefront
Sample 3 Traditional modeling
Sample 4 Hand-held rotary tiller was adjustable
Table 4 12 pairs of adjectives and their antonyms
Num Adjective pairs1 Comfortable-uncomfortable4 Dynamic-static7 Steady-light10 Easy-laborious2 Hard-weak5 Safe-dangerous8 Advanced-outdated11 Holistic-partial3 Practical-gaudy6 Individual-common9 Gorgeous-simple12 Harmonious-disharmonious
Table 5 PCA of semantic features of style
ComponentsInitial eigenvalue Extracting the sum of squares
Total Variance contribution()
Cumulative contribution() Total Variance contribution
()Cumulative contribution
()1 5876 48965 48965 5876 48965 489652 1617 13477 62442 1617 13477 624423 1322 11019 73460 1322 11019 734604 1009 8412 81872 1009 8412 81872 12 0010 0086 100000
6 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
In order to improve the practicability of products de-signers can adopt the principle of adaptability and versatilityin TRIZ theory Since the change in appearance structureaffects the shape parameters the invention is applied to thestatistical principle of the shape parameters used in thecontradiction matrix as shown in Table 7 0e inventionprinciple with higher usage rate is selected so that theoriginal understanding of the appearance structure design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller is provided and the improvementdescription of the inductive design of the hand-held rotarytiller is proposed as shown in Table 80ere are 17 principlesof invention for design (C10 Prior action C1 SegmentationC14 Spheroidality C15 Dynamicity C32 Changing thecolor C34 Rejecting and regenerating parts C35 Trans-formation of physical and chemical states of an object C2Extraction C4 Asymmetry C29 Use a pneumatic or hy-draulic construction C40 Composite materials C13 In-version C22 Convert harm into benefit C26 Copying C5Combining C17 Moving to a new dimension C28 Re-placement of a mechanical system)
According to the interpretation of the invention theshape of the hand-held rotary tiller was initially drawn byhand Designers can propose the direction of design throughthe inspiration of the principle of invention In order toembody the dynamics and coordination of the scheme thedesigner can use streamlined body language to form aconcise and harmonious overall form of the handrail con-necting rod and the head of the hand-held rotary tiller andmatch the reasonable color matching proportion to reducethe volume of the machine in the visual sense In order toreflect the comfort of the scheme the designer can divide themain view and the top view of the rotary tiller reasonably soas to stimulate the userrsquos sense of stability of themachine (seeFigure 3)
System component function analysis is a process ofmodeling system function0emodel should include systemcomponents hypersystem components objects and so onOn this basis the functional model diagram of the hand-heldrotary tiller was constructed as shown in Figure 4 Func-tional model diagrams can help designers understand thesystem identify the problems in the system identify thetypes of problems get inspiration to solve related problemsand then find appropriate solutions for each type of prob-lems in a precise way 0e designer first establishes thecomponent hierarchy model by component analysis then
analyses the relationship between system components es-tablishes the system component relationship model andestablishes the functional model System component func-tion analysis of the hand-held rotary tiller the operator issafe when both hands leave the handle of the hand-heldrotary tiller System components switch hand-held con-necting rods chassis motor rotary tillage knife wheels andtransmission hypersystem components vegetation and soilObjects handles and rotary blade
As shown in Table 9 through the analysis of the relevantengineering parameters in the TRIZ conflict matrix thedesigner has obtained the functional requirements of thehand-held rotary tiller as well as the principles of the in-vention to solve the corresponding problems In Table 9 (12)denotes the engineering parameter serial number and 1 de-notes the serial number of the inventive principle
In Table 10 ldquordquo indicates that the principle is the optimalsolution ldquordquo indicates that the principle needs to be con-sidered and ldquordquo means that the principle was constrainedby the current system and structure or cannot work [23] Forinstance in consideration of safety the physicalchemicalparameters of the existing hand-held rotary tiller had beenbasically determined and it was not necessary to increase thecost to change them Cushion in advance was less innovativebut it is worthy of consideration Segmentation rushingthrough and partial or overdone action were not useful forsafety Replacement of a mechanical system was a new ideathat should be taken into consideration
Several principles with ldquordquo and ldquordquo in Table 11 are il-lustrated in Table 12 for technical improvement of the hand-held rotary tiller
As shown in Table 11 the technical improvements(replacement of mechanical systems porous materialscomposites and dynamics) made by the designer on thehand-held rotary tiller do not conflict with the appearanceimprovements in Table 9 (dynamic harmonious and in-dividual) 0is indicated that the conceptual design can becontinued According to the interpretation of the inventionprinciples the functional technology of the hand-held rotarytiller was preliminarily conceived (see Figure 5)
According to the improvement of product appearanceand function technology explained by the invention prin-ciples three-dimensional modeling and rendering of theproduct were carried out by computer-aided technologyDesigners should meet the physiological and psychological
Table 6 Perceptual design of the hand-held rotary tiller idealized model
Emotionalwords TRIZ engineering parameters Current situation Idealized model
Exteriorstructure
DynamicWeight of stationary object
shape and loss of information
Monotonous old-fashioned colormatching poor systematicdesign and lack of corporate
identity information
Harmonious color design refinedgeometrical shape and full ofcorporate identity information
HarmoniousIndividual
Functionaltechnology
Safety Reliability harmful factorsproduced by objects andadaptability and versatility
Knife will hurt the operator andlacking ergonomic design
Safety high efficiencycomfortable ergonomic design
and reinforced structuralstructures
Comfortable
Practical
All TRIZ engineering parameters in Table 6 come from the 39 engineering parameters in TRIZ
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 7
needs of consumers when designing the appearance andtechnical functions of hand-held rotary tiller In computer-aided modeling the designer extracts some elements of the
front shape of the cattle for the front design of the hand-heldrotary tiller and assembles the front and the hand-held rodinto the head image of the cattle e traditional image of
First Second Third 1 2 3 4 5
Dynamic 3 1 2
Harmonious 5 1 2
Individual 5 1 2
Safety 39 1 2
Comfortable 13 1 2
Practical 33 1 2
5
4
3
2
1
Relative importance 012 014 003 025 022 024
Importance rating (10 ratings) 5 6 1 10 9 10
Absolute importance 180 210 45 384 333 354
Technical assessment 2 2
1 1 1
2 1 1 1 2 2
3 1 3 9
Target Value
Para
met
ric d
esig
n of
inte
gral
mod
elin
g
Usin
g ge
omet
ry b
ioni
c des
ign
Uni
fied
colo
r mat
chin
g an
d ad
ded
war
ning
signs
St
reng
then
the s
truc
ture
and
impr
ove t
hean
ti-vi
brat
ion
perfo
rman
ce
Set u
p pr
ecau
tions
Impr
ovem
ent o
f hum
an-m
achi
nepe
rform
ance
of h
andl
e and
rota
ry ti
llers
High-quality hand-held
rotary tiller
Exterior structure
Functional technology
3 3 9 3 1
3 3 9 1
3 9 1
3 9
1 2 3 4 5 6
3 3
9 Strong relation 3 Medium relation 1 Weak relation
Strong positive correlation Weak positive correlation
times Strong negative correlation Weak negative correlation
Market competitiveness evaluation
1 Current status 2 Competitor
Dem
and
impo
rtan
ce
Wei
ght o
f sta
tiona
ry o
bjec
t
Shap
e
Loss
of i
nfor
mat
ion
Relia
bilit
y
Har
mfu
l fac
tors
pro
duce
d by
obj
ects
Ada
ptab
ility
and
vers
atili
ty
times
Customer demand expansion
times
Technical indicators
Figure 2 Innovative design model for agricultural machinery products
8 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
Table 7 Number of times inventive principles are used by improving shape parameters
Principle ofinvention Num Principle of
invention Num Principle of invention Num Principle of invention Num
1 Segmentation 9 11 Cushion inadvance 0 21 Rushing through 0 31 Use of Porous material 0
2 Extraction 5 12 Equipotentiality 0 22 Convert harm into benefit 4 32 Changing the color 73 Localconditions 2 13 Inversion 4 23 Feedback 0 33 Homogeneity 1
4 Asymmetry 5 14 Spheroidality 9 24 Mediator 0 34 Rejecting and regeneratingparts 7
5 Combining 3 15 Dynamicity 9 25 Self-service 1 35 Transformation of physicaland chemical states of an object 6
6 Universality 2 16 Partial oroverdone action 2 26 Copying 4 36 Phase transition 1
7 Nesting 2 17 Moving to a newdimension 3
27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive
durable one0 37 0ermal expansion 1
8 Counterweight 1 18 Mechanicalvibration 2 28 Replacement of a mechanical
system 3 38 Using strong oxidizers 0
9 Prior counter 1 19 Periodic action 1 29 Use a pneumatic or hydraulicconstruction 5 39 Inert environment 1
10 Prior action 10 20 Continuity ofuseful action 0 30 Flexible film or hydraulic
construction 2 40 Composite materials 5
Table 8 Description of appearance improvements of hand-held rotary tiller
Appearance Original understanding Description of improvement
Dynamic
Segmentation curved surfacedynamic characteristicsphysicalchemical change
combination
Curved surface design geometric scale bright andrefreshing feeling
Harmonious
Preactiondiscard or regenerate
extractionpneumatic and hydraulic structures
spatial dimension changemechanical system substitution
Parametric design concise and harmonious matchcolors for design the sense of volume in geometric
form
Individual
Change the colorcompositeasymmetry
spatial dimension change
Reasonable division of the layout systematic designchange harmful factors to favourable factors
All the original understandings come from TRIZ theory
(a) (b)
Figure 3 Hand drawing of the hand-held rotary tiller
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 9
bull head has been reinterpreted into the modern image ofbull head as shown in Figure 6 It expressed the traditionalcultivation culture Finally we used computer-aided in-dustrial design software to model the hand-held rotary tillerwith this image and obtained an innovative conceptualdesign scheme as shown in Figures 7 and 8
33 Design Evaluation for Hand-Held Rotary Tiller In orderto verify the reliability and innovation of conceptual designa conceptual scheme evaluation map was made with four
typical samples as shown in Figure 9 0e weight of fiveschemes were calculated by the AHP and construction ofjudgment matrix and the evaluation results of conceptualdesign scheme and other typical sample schemes were ob-tained [24]
0ree aspects of the 5 schemes modeling function andcolor matching were evaluated to find out an innovativehand-held rotary tiller design scheme (see Figure 10) In thiswork the evaluation weight was confirmed by several ex-perts including two industrial design experts and two ag-ricultural machinery design experts 0e results were more
Switch Hand connecting rod Motor
Chassis
GearingWheel
Handle
Rotary blade
Vegetation
Soil
Hold Support
Support
Control
Hold
SupportControl Control
DriveSupport
Support
Obstacle
Obstacle
Adhesion
Adhesion
Conrol
Control
Control
System component
Hypersystem component
Object
Normal functionInadequate function
Harmful function
Figure 4 System component function analysis of the hand-held rotary tiller
Table 9 Analysis on engineering parameters of hand-held rotary tillers
Emotionalwords Function Improvement factors Deteriorating factors TRIZ solution
SafetySafety (27) Reliability
(9) Speed 1 Segmentation 11 Cushion in advance21 Rushing through 16 Partial or
overdone action 28 Replacement of amechanical system 35 Transformation ofphysical and chemical states of an object
(12) Shape
Antivibration (31) Harmful factors sideeffects (36) Complexity of device 1 Segmentation 19 Periodic action 31
Use of porous materials
Comfortable Antiskid (27) Reliability (30) Harmful factors acting onobject
2 Extraction 27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive durable one
35 Transformation of physical andchemical states of an object 40 Composite
materials
Practical Practical (35) Adaptability (36) Complexity of equipment
15 Dynamicity 28 Replacement of amechanical system 29 Use a pneumatic or
hydraulic construction 37 0ermalexpansion
All Arabic numerals in Table 9 are the serial numbers in the TRIZ conflict matrix
10 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
objective because both of them were very familiar with thehand-held rotary tiller [25] And several judgment matriceswere constructed according to the data of questionnaires0rough the evaluation matrix the designer determines therequirement weighting coefficients of the criterion layer andthe scheme layer
331 Construction of Judgment Matrix
(1) Constructing judgment matrix As1 of the criterionlayer (s 1 2 3 and 4 where s stands for expert t 12 3 4 5 and 6 where t stands for scheme)
A11
1 315
13
15
1
13
113
13
15
13
5 3 1 3 1 5
3 313
113
5
5 5 1 3 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Table 10 Functional principles of the hand-held rotary tiller
Function Principle Principle elaboration
Safety
Replacement of a mechanical system Cushion in advance
Segmentation Rushing through
Partial or overdone action Transformation of physical and chemical states of an
object
Replacement of a mechanical system was currently arelatively new idea that can be tracked further
Cushion in advance was less innovative but it neededstudying
Segmentation rushing through and partial oroverdone action were not useful for safetyIt was not necessary to increase the cost for
transformation of physical and chemical states of anobject
AntivibrationUse of porous materials
Periodic action Segmentation
Use of porous materials was useful for buffervibrations Periodic action may cause resonance
Segmentation was not appropriate for Antivibration
Antiskid
Composite materials An inexpensive short-life object instead of an
expensive durable oneTransformation of physical and chemical states of an
object Extraction
Composite materials can be considered emphatically0e inventive principle of cheap alternatives was
needed further analysis 0e principle thattransformation of physical and chemical states of ahand-held rotary tiller may increase costs was not
taken into accountExtraction was not very suitable for the product
Practical
Dynamicity Replacement of a mechanical system
Use a pneumatic or hydraulic construction0ermal expansion
Dynamicity deserves to be considered and used0e inventive principle of replacing mechanical systemsusing pneumatic or hydraulic structures can continue to
be tracked 0ermal expansion can be excludedAll the principles come from the 40 original principles of TRIZ
Table 11 Description of technical improvements of the hand-held rotary tiller
Principle name Description of improvement
Replacement of a mechanical system0epressure sensor in the handle of the hand-held rotary tiller can detect the pressure of theoperatorrsquos hands on the handle When an accident occurs the single chip microcomputer
built in the hand-held rotary tiller will cut off the motor and stop the work
Use of porous materials Porous materials can be used for sound insulation but also can reduce the quality andvibration of hand-held rotary tiller
Composite materials 0e composite material can be used to improve the strength and rigidity of the machineand reduce the quality of the hand-held rotary tiller
Dynamicity Hand-held connecting rod was adjustable Rotary tiller blade can be replaced
Table 12 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotarytillers
A11minus B A21minus B A31minus B A41minus B
ω(2)s1
00608 00470 00460 0052400348 00278 00460 0029003419 04242 03953 0413901597 01275 00985 0133003419 03233 03569 0315500608 00502 00573 00561
λmax 65433 65882 65313 65504CI 01087 01176 01063 01101CR 00876 00949 00857 00888 Accept
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 11
Chassis Motor
Rotary bladeWheel
Gearing
Handle
Wire Pressure sensors
Hand connecting rod
Monochip computers
Height adjustable
Replacement of blade
Figure 5 Functional system diagram of the hand-held rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
Figure 6 Iterative design of front face pattern of the rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c)
Figure 7 Conceptual design scheme of the hand-held rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Figure 8 Color series of the hand-held rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
Figure 9 Typical sample schemes and conceptual design scheme (a) Scheme 1 (b) Scheme 2 (c) Scheme 3 (d) Scheme 4 (e) Scheme 5
12 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
A21
1 317
13
17
1
13
115
13
15
13
7 5 1 5 1 7
3 315
113
5
7 5 1 3 1 3
1 317
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
A31
1 115
13
15
1
1 115
115
13
5 5 1 5 1 5
3 115
115
5
5 5 1 5 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
A41
1 317
13
15
1
13
115
13
15
13
7 5 1 5 1 5
3 315
113
5
5 5 1 3 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
(5)
(2) Constructing judgment matrix Bst of the schemelayer
B11
113
315
15
3 1 5 3 1
13
15
117
17
515
7 1 1
5 1 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B21
113
315
15
3 1 5 113
13
15
113
13
5 1 7 1 1
5 3 3 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B31
113
515
15
3 1 3 1 13
15
13
115
17
5 1 5 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Target layer Selection of innovation scheme for hand-held rotary tiller
Criterionlayer
B1Harmonious
B2Dynamic
B3Safety
B4Comfortable
B5Practical
B6Individual
Schemelayer
C1Scheme 1
C2Scheme 2
C3Scheme 3
C1Scheme 1
C5Scheme 5
Figure 10 Hierarchical model of the hand-held rotary tiller
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 13
B41
113
315
13
3 1 515
13
13
15
115
15
5 5 5 1 3
3 3 513
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B12
113
15
15
15
3 1 3 5 1
15
13
115
17
515
5 1 1
5 1 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B22
113
513
13
3 1 3 1 115
13
115
15
3 1 5 113
3 1 5 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B32
113
515
15
3 1 313
13
15
13
117
17
5 3 7 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B42
113
515
17
3 1 313
13
15
13
115
15
5 3 5 1 1
7 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B13
115
13
17
15
5 1 3 113
313
113
17
7 1 3 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B23
113
113
15
3 1 313
13
113
115
17
3 3 5 113
5 3 5 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B33
113
315
17
3 1 313
15
13
13
117
17
5 5 3 113
7 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B43
113
113
15
3 1 315
15
113
115
15
315
5 1 1
5 5 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B14
113
13
15
15
3 1 113
15
1 1 113
17
5 3 3 113
5 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
14 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
B24
113
315
15
3 1 313
13
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 1 3
5 3 713
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B34
113
517
15
3 1 515
13
15
15
117
15
7 5 7 1 1
5 3 3 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B44
113
315
15
3 1 313
13
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 1 1
5 3 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B15
113
13
17
17
3 1 115
13
3 1 113
15
7 5 3 1 1
7 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B25 5
113
315
17
3 1 313
15
13
15
117
17
5 3 7 113
7 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B35
113
313
15
3 1 113
15
1 1 117
17
3 3 7 1 1
5 5 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B45
113
315
17
3 1 113
15
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 113
7 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B16
113
315
15
3 1 5 113
13
15
117
15
5 1 7 1 1
5 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B26
113
313
15
3 1 713
13
15
17
115
17
3 3 5 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B36
113
315
15
3 1 513
15
13
15
113
17
5 3 3 113
5 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 15
B46
113
515
17
3 1 513
15
15
15
115
17
5 3 5 1 1
7 5 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
(6)
332 Hierarchical Sequencing and Consistency Verification0e maximum eigenvalue λmax 65433 of the judgmentmatrix A11 was obtained by calculation and it was normalizedto ω(2)
11 (00608 00348 03419 01597 03419 00608) 0esix elements of the criterion layer are harmony dynamicssafety comfort practicality and individuality Consistency testis to test the coordination of the importance of each elementCI value of less than 1 indicates that consistency of thejudgmentmatrix is passed and the results are listed in Table 12
0e element bstij in the judgment matrix Bst is the comparisonmeasure of the superiority ofPt to C in the scheme layer (hand-held rotary tiller) 0e weight ω(3)
1t the maximum eigenvalueλmax and the consistency index CI1t were calculated from thecomparison judgment matrix B1t of the third layer and theresults are listed in Table 130e average of the total ranking ofthe scheme layers is shown in Table 14
After calculation the weight coefficient P of the 4 sampleschemes and a new conceptual design scheme of the targetlayer was obtained P1(C1) 007 P2(C2) 014 P3(C3)
006 P4(C4) 030 and P5(C5) 043 where Pt(C1) is theweight coefficient of sample 1 and so on 0erefore theinnovative conceptual design scheme was selected from thefive schemes because the weight coefficient of the conceptualdesign scheme P5(C5) was the largest one 043 0ismethod is effective and feasible for the innovative design ofagricultural machinery
4 Discussion
In order to improve the comprehensive quality of functionalproducts and meet the needs of users for product
Table 13 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotary tiller
B11ndashC B12ndashC B13ndashC B14ndashC B15ndashC B16ndashC Expert 1ω(3)1t 00815 00497 00417 00496 00434 00796
03322 03482 02016 01062 01063 0209100414 00465 00795 00797 01063 0043302290 02244 02156 02518 03720 0308603159 03312 04616 05127 03720 03594
λmax 52876 53691 52469 50252 50939 52194CI 00719 00923 00617 00063 00235 00548CR 00642 00824 00551 00056 00210 00490 Accept
B21ndashC B22ndashC B23ndashC B24ndashC B25ndashC B26ndashC Expert 2ω(3)2t 00856 01172 00712 00749 00658 00927
02247 02547 01524 01425 01209 0170500611 00502 00643 00422 00396 0034702799 02265 02619 04503 02726 0247303487 03515 04502 02902 05012 04547
λmax 54208 53773 52144 52785 52742 54268CI 01052 00943 00536 00696 00685 01067CR 00939 00842 00479 00622 00612 00935 Accept
B31ndashC B32ndashC B33ndashC B34ndashC B35ndashC B36ndashC Expert 3ω(3)3t 00855 00826 00669 00758 00692 00744
01832 01419 01231 01393 01074 0141600420 00379 00403 00359 00680 0044802247 02890 02595 04186 03393 0243404646 04485 05102 03304 04162 04957
λmax 53965 54257 53429 54404 52374 54451CI 00991 01064 00857 01101 00594 01113CR 00885 00950 00765 00983 00530 00994 Accept
B41ndashC B42ndashC B43ndashC B44ndashC B45ndashC B46ndashC Expert 4ω(3)4t 00846 00805 00697 00762 00658 00758
01454 01480 01216 01450 01209 0139300444 00452 00629 00429 00396 0035904757 03509 03538 03679 02726 0330402499 03754 03919 03679 05012 04186
λmax 54118 54301 52748 51295 52742 54404CI 01029 01075 00687 00324 00684 01101CR 00919 00960 00613 00289 00612 00983 Accept
16 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
personalization this paper puts forward the improvementexplanation of appearance and function and obtains the in-novative design scheme by introducing KE and TRIZ0eAHPwas used to evaluate the innovative design scheme Combiningwith the design of hand-held rotary tiller the correspondinginnovative design scheme was obtained and the design processwas attempted to be extended to other products 0e maincontent of the literature study [8 25 26] focused on the userrequirements mining or conceptual design stage and the re-searchers have not studied the application of detailed designstage and the subsequent evaluation of innovative design 0ispaper establishes an innovative design model from user needsmining conceptual design detailed design computer-aideddesign and scheme evaluation which is convenient for de-signers to design and develop products and also has a goodreference for innovative design of other products
However because the main research content of thispaper focuses on innovative design process the research onthe evaluation system of the scheme is insufficient In thefollowing work designers can introduce other design the-ories and methods to combine with existing research inorder to improve the process of innovative design
5 Conclusions
In order to improve the comprehensive quality of agricul-tural machinery products based on functional technologyand meet the needs of users the innovation design model ofagricultural machinery products based on KE-TRIZ wasconstructed
Firstly the designer used SD method and PCA methodto quantify and reduce the dimension of affective intentionwords aiming to select comprehensive variables repre-senting the needs of users Secondly by constructing a KE-TRIZ innovative design model the product appearance andfunction were innovatively designed and the contradictionbetween product appearance and function was analyzed tomake it well matched 0en taking the innovative design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as an example the applicationflow was described and the typical samples and designscheme were evaluated by the AHP which shows that themethod has obvious improvement in function and ap-pearance 0e KE-TRIZ method enables designers to designproducts more in line with the actual needs of users which iseffective and feasible for the innovative design of agriculturalmachinery
0e follow-up work is to further explore the integrationof technology cost and other multi-objective-driven in-novative designs of agricultural machinery products in orderto improve the applicability and integrity of the method
Data Availability
All data generated and analyzed during this study are in-cluded within the article
Conflicts of Interest
0e authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest
Authorsrsquo Contributions
Jian-wei Wang conceived and designed the study Jian-minZhang completed the design evaluation Jian-wei Wangcompleted product modeling Jian-min Zhang revised andpolished the manuscript All authors have read and ap-proved the final manuscript All authors contributed equallyto this work
Acknowledgments
0is work was supported by the Guizhou Natural ScienceFund Project (Guizhou Technology Cooperation SupportProgram (2017)1047) the Guizhou Science and TechnologyMajor Project (LH(2014)7629 LH(2016)7432 and LH(2017)7232) and the Academic New Seedling Cultivation andInnovation Exploration Specialization of Guizhou Univer-sity (Guizhou Platform Talents (2017)5788)
References
[1] G Q Yao C Q Xue and H Y Wang ldquoDesign method forcoach styling design based on image cognitionrdquo Journal ofSoutheast University Natural Science Edition vol 46 no 6pp 1198ndash1203 2016
[2] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei Engineering a new ergonomicconsumer-oriented technology for product developmentrdquoInternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 15 no 1pp 3ndash11 1995
[3] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei engineering as a powerful consumer-orientied technology for product developmentrdquo Applied Er-gonomics vol 33 no 3 pp 289ndash294 2002
[4] C E GolnooshRasoulifar and P Guy ldquoCommunicatingconsumer needs in the design process of branded productsrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015
[5] Y T Fu and S J Luo ldquoStyle perception-oriented productfamily shape gene designrdquo Comtuter IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 18 no 3 pp 449ndash457 2012
[6] L N Abdala R B Fernandes A Ogliari M Lower andJ Feldhusen ldquoCreative contributions of the methods of in-ventive principles of TRIZ and BioTRIZ to problem solvingrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 139 no 8 2017
[7] S Kim and B Yoon ldquoDeveloping a process of conceptgeneration for new product-service systems a QFD and
Table 14 Overall ranking result and average value of the third layer
Scheme Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 Scheme 5Expert 1 0048558458 0167268103 0083016534 0281635216 0419521689Expert 2 0072929489 0148099162 0051450184 0288521951 0438999215Expert 3 0070614603 0123757406 0050002922 0302460164 0453164905Expert 4 0070748371 0127513198 0049909632 0335077088 041675171Average value 006571273 0141659467 0058594818 0301923605 043210938
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 17
TRIZ-based approachrdquo Service Business vol 6 no 3pp 323ndash348 2012
[8] R H Tan R H Zhang F Liu and B J Yang ldquoTwo stagesanalogy-based conceptual design based on TRIZrdquo ComputerIntergrated Manufacturing Systems vol 12 no 3 pp 328ndash334 2006
[9] X Z Liu G N Qi J Z Fu B B Fan and J Xu ldquoA designprocess model of intergrated morphlolgical matrix andconflict resolving principlesrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 46 no 12 pp 2243ndash2258 2012
[10] Y H Cohen Y Reich and S Greenberg ldquoBiomineticsstructure-function patterns approachrdquo Journal of MechanicalDesign vol 136 no 11 2014
[11] L L Sun and F S Kong ldquoVisual comfort design of automobileseat based on Kansei engineering and TRIZ theoryrdquo Journal ofJinlin University Engineering and Technology Edition vol 44no 1 pp 106ndash110 2014
[12] W Chen C S Carolyn and Y Bernard ldquoSpecial issue userneeds and preferences in engineering designrdquo Journal ofMechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015
[13] Y X Huang C-H Chen and L P Khoo ldquoProducts clas-sification in emotional design using a basic-emotion basedsemantic differential methodrdquo International Journal of In-dustrial Ergonomics vol 42 no 6 pp 569ndash580 2012
[14] W Lu and J-F Petiot ldquoAffective design of products using anaudio-based protocol application to eyeglass framerdquo In-ternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 44 no 3pp 383ndash394 2014
[15] V Chulvi M C Gonzalez-Cruz E Mulet and J Aguilar-Zambrano ldquoInfluence of the type of idea-generation methodon the creativity of solutionsrdquo Research in Engineering Designvol 24 no 1 pp 33ndash41 2013
[16] B Mannan and Abid Haleem ldquoUnderstanding major di-mensions and determinants that help in diffusion amp adoptionof product innovation using AHP approachrdquo Journal ofGlobal Entrepreneurship Research vol 7 no 1 pp 1ndash24 2017
[17] T Wang and M R Liu ldquoApplication of QFD and AHP inrailway freight transportationrdquo Computer IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 24 no 1 pp 264ndash271 2018
[18] H-N Hsish J F Chen and Q H Du ldquoApplying TRIZ andfuzzy AHP based on lean production to develop an innovativedesign of a new shape for machine toolsrdquo Information vol 6no 1 pp 89ndash110 2015
[19] L-C Chen and L Lin ldquoOptimization of product configu-ration design using functional requirements and constraintsrdquoResearch in Engineering Design vol 13 no 3 pp 167ndash1822002
[20] Y Li M-D Shieh C-C Yang and L Zhu ldquoApplication offuzzy-based hybrid taguchi method for multiobjective opti-mization of product form designrdquo Mathematical Problems inEngineering vol 2018 Article ID 9091514 18 pages 2018
[21] Y Q Xu K Chen H B Qin and Z Y Wang ldquoStudy on theapplication of Kansei engineering in product form designrdquoApplied Mechanics and Materials vol 274 pp 513ndash516 2013
[22] S Hede P V Ferreira M N Lopes and L A Rocha ldquoTRIZand the paradigms of social sustainability in product devel-opment endeavorsrdquo Procedia Engineering vol 131 pp 522ndash538 2015
[23] Z Liu D Hu Y Gao et al ldquoTRIZ based revised design fordisassembly of joint structurerdquo Journal of Mechanical Engi-neering vol 48 no 11 pp 65ndash71 2012
[24] X Ji X J Gu F Dai et al ldquoBioTRIZ-based product in-novative design processrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 48 no 1 pp 35ndash41 2014
[25] X L Li W Zhao Y K Zheng R Wang and C WangldquoInnovative product design based on comprehensive cus-tomer requirements of different cognitive levelsrdquo lte Sci-entific World Journal vol 2014 Article ID 627093 11 pages2014
[26] G D Zhai Z H Liang and M Y Li ldquoStudy on the Opti-mization model of a flexible transmissionrdquo MathematicalProblems in Engineering vol 2019 Article ID 508457312 pages 2019
18 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
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Table 3 Modeling features of the hand-held rotary tiller
Sample Modeling feature Characteristic analysis Typical sample
Sample 1 Rotary tiller knife and other tools can be replaced
Sample 2 Wheels and rotary tillage knife position put to thefront
Sample 3 Traditional modeling
Sample 4 Hand-held rotary tiller was adjustable
Table 4 12 pairs of adjectives and their antonyms
Num Adjective pairs1 Comfortable-uncomfortable4 Dynamic-static7 Steady-light10 Easy-laborious2 Hard-weak5 Safe-dangerous8 Advanced-outdated11 Holistic-partial3 Practical-gaudy6 Individual-common9 Gorgeous-simple12 Harmonious-disharmonious
Table 5 PCA of semantic features of style
ComponentsInitial eigenvalue Extracting the sum of squares
Total Variance contribution()
Cumulative contribution() Total Variance contribution
()Cumulative contribution
()1 5876 48965 48965 5876 48965 489652 1617 13477 62442 1617 13477 624423 1322 11019 73460 1322 11019 734604 1009 8412 81872 1009 8412 81872 12 0010 0086 100000
6 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
In order to improve the practicability of products de-signers can adopt the principle of adaptability and versatilityin TRIZ theory Since the change in appearance structureaffects the shape parameters the invention is applied to thestatistical principle of the shape parameters used in thecontradiction matrix as shown in Table 7 0e inventionprinciple with higher usage rate is selected so that theoriginal understanding of the appearance structure design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller is provided and the improvementdescription of the inductive design of the hand-held rotarytiller is proposed as shown in Table 80ere are 17 principlesof invention for design (C10 Prior action C1 SegmentationC14 Spheroidality C15 Dynamicity C32 Changing thecolor C34 Rejecting and regenerating parts C35 Trans-formation of physical and chemical states of an object C2Extraction C4 Asymmetry C29 Use a pneumatic or hy-draulic construction C40 Composite materials C13 In-version C22 Convert harm into benefit C26 Copying C5Combining C17 Moving to a new dimension C28 Re-placement of a mechanical system)
According to the interpretation of the invention theshape of the hand-held rotary tiller was initially drawn byhand Designers can propose the direction of design throughthe inspiration of the principle of invention In order toembody the dynamics and coordination of the scheme thedesigner can use streamlined body language to form aconcise and harmonious overall form of the handrail con-necting rod and the head of the hand-held rotary tiller andmatch the reasonable color matching proportion to reducethe volume of the machine in the visual sense In order toreflect the comfort of the scheme the designer can divide themain view and the top view of the rotary tiller reasonably soas to stimulate the userrsquos sense of stability of themachine (seeFigure 3)
System component function analysis is a process ofmodeling system function0emodel should include systemcomponents hypersystem components objects and so onOn this basis the functional model diagram of the hand-heldrotary tiller was constructed as shown in Figure 4 Func-tional model diagrams can help designers understand thesystem identify the problems in the system identify thetypes of problems get inspiration to solve related problemsand then find appropriate solutions for each type of prob-lems in a precise way 0e designer first establishes thecomponent hierarchy model by component analysis then
analyses the relationship between system components es-tablishes the system component relationship model andestablishes the functional model System component func-tion analysis of the hand-held rotary tiller the operator issafe when both hands leave the handle of the hand-heldrotary tiller System components switch hand-held con-necting rods chassis motor rotary tillage knife wheels andtransmission hypersystem components vegetation and soilObjects handles and rotary blade
As shown in Table 9 through the analysis of the relevantengineering parameters in the TRIZ conflict matrix thedesigner has obtained the functional requirements of thehand-held rotary tiller as well as the principles of the in-vention to solve the corresponding problems In Table 9 (12)denotes the engineering parameter serial number and 1 de-notes the serial number of the inventive principle
In Table 10 ldquordquo indicates that the principle is the optimalsolution ldquordquo indicates that the principle needs to be con-sidered and ldquordquo means that the principle was constrainedby the current system and structure or cannot work [23] Forinstance in consideration of safety the physicalchemicalparameters of the existing hand-held rotary tiller had beenbasically determined and it was not necessary to increase thecost to change them Cushion in advance was less innovativebut it is worthy of consideration Segmentation rushingthrough and partial or overdone action were not useful forsafety Replacement of a mechanical system was a new ideathat should be taken into consideration
Several principles with ldquordquo and ldquordquo in Table 11 are il-lustrated in Table 12 for technical improvement of the hand-held rotary tiller
As shown in Table 11 the technical improvements(replacement of mechanical systems porous materialscomposites and dynamics) made by the designer on thehand-held rotary tiller do not conflict with the appearanceimprovements in Table 9 (dynamic harmonious and in-dividual) 0is indicated that the conceptual design can becontinued According to the interpretation of the inventionprinciples the functional technology of the hand-held rotarytiller was preliminarily conceived (see Figure 5)
According to the improvement of product appearanceand function technology explained by the invention prin-ciples three-dimensional modeling and rendering of theproduct were carried out by computer-aided technologyDesigners should meet the physiological and psychological
Table 6 Perceptual design of the hand-held rotary tiller idealized model
Emotionalwords TRIZ engineering parameters Current situation Idealized model
Exteriorstructure
DynamicWeight of stationary object
shape and loss of information
Monotonous old-fashioned colormatching poor systematicdesign and lack of corporate
identity information
Harmonious color design refinedgeometrical shape and full ofcorporate identity information
HarmoniousIndividual
Functionaltechnology
Safety Reliability harmful factorsproduced by objects andadaptability and versatility
Knife will hurt the operator andlacking ergonomic design
Safety high efficiencycomfortable ergonomic design
and reinforced structuralstructures
Comfortable
Practical
All TRIZ engineering parameters in Table 6 come from the 39 engineering parameters in TRIZ
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 7
needs of consumers when designing the appearance andtechnical functions of hand-held rotary tiller In computer-aided modeling the designer extracts some elements of the
front shape of the cattle for the front design of the hand-heldrotary tiller and assembles the front and the hand-held rodinto the head image of the cattle e traditional image of
First Second Third 1 2 3 4 5
Dynamic 3 1 2
Harmonious 5 1 2
Individual 5 1 2
Safety 39 1 2
Comfortable 13 1 2
Practical 33 1 2
5
4
3
2
1
Relative importance 012 014 003 025 022 024
Importance rating (10 ratings) 5 6 1 10 9 10
Absolute importance 180 210 45 384 333 354
Technical assessment 2 2
1 1 1
2 1 1 1 2 2
3 1 3 9
Target Value
Para
met
ric d
esig
n of
inte
gral
mod
elin
g
Usin
g ge
omet
ry b
ioni
c des
ign
Uni
fied
colo
r mat
chin
g an
d ad
ded
war
ning
signs
St
reng
then
the s
truc
ture
and
impr
ove t
hean
ti-vi
brat
ion
perfo
rman
ce
Set u
p pr
ecau
tions
Impr
ovem
ent o
f hum
an-m
achi
nepe
rform
ance
of h
andl
e and
rota
ry ti
llers
High-quality hand-held
rotary tiller
Exterior structure
Functional technology
3 3 9 3 1
3 3 9 1
3 9 1
3 9
1 2 3 4 5 6
3 3
9 Strong relation 3 Medium relation 1 Weak relation
Strong positive correlation Weak positive correlation
times Strong negative correlation Weak negative correlation
Market competitiveness evaluation
1 Current status 2 Competitor
Dem
and
impo
rtan
ce
Wei
ght o
f sta
tiona
ry o
bjec
t
Shap
e
Loss
of i
nfor
mat
ion
Relia
bilit
y
Har
mfu
l fac
tors
pro
duce
d by
obj
ects
Ada
ptab
ility
and
vers
atili
ty
times
Customer demand expansion
times
Technical indicators
Figure 2 Innovative design model for agricultural machinery products
8 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
Table 7 Number of times inventive principles are used by improving shape parameters
Principle ofinvention Num Principle of
invention Num Principle of invention Num Principle of invention Num
1 Segmentation 9 11 Cushion inadvance 0 21 Rushing through 0 31 Use of Porous material 0
2 Extraction 5 12 Equipotentiality 0 22 Convert harm into benefit 4 32 Changing the color 73 Localconditions 2 13 Inversion 4 23 Feedback 0 33 Homogeneity 1
4 Asymmetry 5 14 Spheroidality 9 24 Mediator 0 34 Rejecting and regeneratingparts 7
5 Combining 3 15 Dynamicity 9 25 Self-service 1 35 Transformation of physicaland chemical states of an object 6
6 Universality 2 16 Partial oroverdone action 2 26 Copying 4 36 Phase transition 1
7 Nesting 2 17 Moving to a newdimension 3
27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive
durable one0 37 0ermal expansion 1
8 Counterweight 1 18 Mechanicalvibration 2 28 Replacement of a mechanical
system 3 38 Using strong oxidizers 0
9 Prior counter 1 19 Periodic action 1 29 Use a pneumatic or hydraulicconstruction 5 39 Inert environment 1
10 Prior action 10 20 Continuity ofuseful action 0 30 Flexible film or hydraulic
construction 2 40 Composite materials 5
Table 8 Description of appearance improvements of hand-held rotary tiller
Appearance Original understanding Description of improvement
Dynamic
Segmentation curved surfacedynamic characteristicsphysicalchemical change
combination
Curved surface design geometric scale bright andrefreshing feeling
Harmonious
Preactiondiscard or regenerate
extractionpneumatic and hydraulic structures
spatial dimension changemechanical system substitution
Parametric design concise and harmonious matchcolors for design the sense of volume in geometric
form
Individual
Change the colorcompositeasymmetry
spatial dimension change
Reasonable division of the layout systematic designchange harmful factors to favourable factors
All the original understandings come from TRIZ theory
(a) (b)
Figure 3 Hand drawing of the hand-held rotary tiller
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 9
bull head has been reinterpreted into the modern image ofbull head as shown in Figure 6 It expressed the traditionalcultivation culture Finally we used computer-aided in-dustrial design software to model the hand-held rotary tillerwith this image and obtained an innovative conceptualdesign scheme as shown in Figures 7 and 8
33 Design Evaluation for Hand-Held Rotary Tiller In orderto verify the reliability and innovation of conceptual designa conceptual scheme evaluation map was made with four
typical samples as shown in Figure 9 0e weight of fiveschemes were calculated by the AHP and construction ofjudgment matrix and the evaluation results of conceptualdesign scheme and other typical sample schemes were ob-tained [24]
0ree aspects of the 5 schemes modeling function andcolor matching were evaluated to find out an innovativehand-held rotary tiller design scheme (see Figure 10) In thiswork the evaluation weight was confirmed by several ex-perts including two industrial design experts and two ag-ricultural machinery design experts 0e results were more
Switch Hand connecting rod Motor
Chassis
GearingWheel
Handle
Rotary blade
Vegetation
Soil
Hold Support
Support
Control
Hold
SupportControl Control
DriveSupport
Support
Obstacle
Obstacle
Adhesion
Adhesion
Conrol
Control
Control
System component
Hypersystem component
Object
Normal functionInadequate function
Harmful function
Figure 4 System component function analysis of the hand-held rotary tiller
Table 9 Analysis on engineering parameters of hand-held rotary tillers
Emotionalwords Function Improvement factors Deteriorating factors TRIZ solution
SafetySafety (27) Reliability
(9) Speed 1 Segmentation 11 Cushion in advance21 Rushing through 16 Partial or
overdone action 28 Replacement of amechanical system 35 Transformation ofphysical and chemical states of an object
(12) Shape
Antivibration (31) Harmful factors sideeffects (36) Complexity of device 1 Segmentation 19 Periodic action 31
Use of porous materials
Comfortable Antiskid (27) Reliability (30) Harmful factors acting onobject
2 Extraction 27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive durable one
35 Transformation of physical andchemical states of an object 40 Composite
materials
Practical Practical (35) Adaptability (36) Complexity of equipment
15 Dynamicity 28 Replacement of amechanical system 29 Use a pneumatic or
hydraulic construction 37 0ermalexpansion
All Arabic numerals in Table 9 are the serial numbers in the TRIZ conflict matrix
10 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
objective because both of them were very familiar with thehand-held rotary tiller [25] And several judgment matriceswere constructed according to the data of questionnaires0rough the evaluation matrix the designer determines therequirement weighting coefficients of the criterion layer andthe scheme layer
331 Construction of Judgment Matrix
(1) Constructing judgment matrix As1 of the criterionlayer (s 1 2 3 and 4 where s stands for expert t 12 3 4 5 and 6 where t stands for scheme)
A11
1 315
13
15
1
13
113
13
15
13
5 3 1 3 1 5
3 313
113
5
5 5 1 3 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Table 10 Functional principles of the hand-held rotary tiller
Function Principle Principle elaboration
Safety
Replacement of a mechanical system Cushion in advance
Segmentation Rushing through
Partial or overdone action Transformation of physical and chemical states of an
object
Replacement of a mechanical system was currently arelatively new idea that can be tracked further
Cushion in advance was less innovative but it neededstudying
Segmentation rushing through and partial oroverdone action were not useful for safetyIt was not necessary to increase the cost for
transformation of physical and chemical states of anobject
AntivibrationUse of porous materials
Periodic action Segmentation
Use of porous materials was useful for buffervibrations Periodic action may cause resonance
Segmentation was not appropriate for Antivibration
Antiskid
Composite materials An inexpensive short-life object instead of an
expensive durable oneTransformation of physical and chemical states of an
object Extraction
Composite materials can be considered emphatically0e inventive principle of cheap alternatives was
needed further analysis 0e principle thattransformation of physical and chemical states of ahand-held rotary tiller may increase costs was not
taken into accountExtraction was not very suitable for the product
Practical
Dynamicity Replacement of a mechanical system
Use a pneumatic or hydraulic construction0ermal expansion
Dynamicity deserves to be considered and used0e inventive principle of replacing mechanical systemsusing pneumatic or hydraulic structures can continue to
be tracked 0ermal expansion can be excludedAll the principles come from the 40 original principles of TRIZ
Table 11 Description of technical improvements of the hand-held rotary tiller
Principle name Description of improvement
Replacement of a mechanical system0epressure sensor in the handle of the hand-held rotary tiller can detect the pressure of theoperatorrsquos hands on the handle When an accident occurs the single chip microcomputer
built in the hand-held rotary tiller will cut off the motor and stop the work
Use of porous materials Porous materials can be used for sound insulation but also can reduce the quality andvibration of hand-held rotary tiller
Composite materials 0e composite material can be used to improve the strength and rigidity of the machineand reduce the quality of the hand-held rotary tiller
Dynamicity Hand-held connecting rod was adjustable Rotary tiller blade can be replaced
Table 12 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotarytillers
A11minus B A21minus B A31minus B A41minus B
ω(2)s1
00608 00470 00460 0052400348 00278 00460 0029003419 04242 03953 0413901597 01275 00985 0133003419 03233 03569 0315500608 00502 00573 00561
λmax 65433 65882 65313 65504CI 01087 01176 01063 01101CR 00876 00949 00857 00888 Accept
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 11
Chassis Motor
Rotary bladeWheel
Gearing
Handle
Wire Pressure sensors
Hand connecting rod
Monochip computers
Height adjustable
Replacement of blade
Figure 5 Functional system diagram of the hand-held rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
Figure 6 Iterative design of front face pattern of the rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c)
Figure 7 Conceptual design scheme of the hand-held rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Figure 8 Color series of the hand-held rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
Figure 9 Typical sample schemes and conceptual design scheme (a) Scheme 1 (b) Scheme 2 (c) Scheme 3 (d) Scheme 4 (e) Scheme 5
12 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
A21
1 317
13
17
1
13
115
13
15
13
7 5 1 5 1 7
3 315
113
5
7 5 1 3 1 3
1 317
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
A31
1 115
13
15
1
1 115
115
13
5 5 1 5 1 5
3 115
115
5
5 5 1 5 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
A41
1 317
13
15
1
13
115
13
15
13
7 5 1 5 1 5
3 315
113
5
5 5 1 3 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
(5)
(2) Constructing judgment matrix Bst of the schemelayer
B11
113
315
15
3 1 5 3 1
13
15
117
17
515
7 1 1
5 1 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B21
113
315
15
3 1 5 113
13
15
113
13
5 1 7 1 1
5 3 3 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B31
113
515
15
3 1 3 1 13
15
13
115
17
5 1 5 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Target layer Selection of innovation scheme for hand-held rotary tiller
Criterionlayer
B1Harmonious
B2Dynamic
B3Safety
B4Comfortable
B5Practical
B6Individual
Schemelayer
C1Scheme 1
C2Scheme 2
C3Scheme 3
C1Scheme 1
C5Scheme 5
Figure 10 Hierarchical model of the hand-held rotary tiller
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 13
B41
113
315
13
3 1 515
13
13
15
115
15
5 5 5 1 3
3 3 513
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B12
113
15
15
15
3 1 3 5 1
15
13
115
17
515
5 1 1
5 1 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B22
113
513
13
3 1 3 1 115
13
115
15
3 1 5 113
3 1 5 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B32
113
515
15
3 1 313
13
15
13
117
17
5 3 7 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B42
113
515
17
3 1 313
13
15
13
115
15
5 3 5 1 1
7 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B13
115
13
17
15
5 1 3 113
313
113
17
7 1 3 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B23
113
113
15
3 1 313
13
113
115
17
3 3 5 113
5 3 5 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B33
113
315
17
3 1 313
15
13
13
117
17
5 5 3 113
7 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B43
113
113
15
3 1 315
15
113
115
15
315
5 1 1
5 5 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B14
113
13
15
15
3 1 113
15
1 1 113
17
5 3 3 113
5 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
14 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
B24
113
315
15
3 1 313
13
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 1 3
5 3 713
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B34
113
517
15
3 1 515
13
15
15
117
15
7 5 7 1 1
5 3 3 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B44
113
315
15
3 1 313
13
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 1 1
5 3 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B15
113
13
17
17
3 1 115
13
3 1 113
15
7 5 3 1 1
7 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B25 5
113
315
17
3 1 313
15
13
15
117
17
5 3 7 113
7 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B35
113
313
15
3 1 113
15
1 1 117
17
3 3 7 1 1
5 5 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B45
113
315
17
3 1 113
15
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 113
7 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B16
113
315
15
3 1 5 113
13
15
117
15
5 1 7 1 1
5 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B26
113
313
15
3 1 713
13
15
17
115
17
3 3 5 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B36
113
315
15
3 1 513
15
13
15
113
17
5 3 3 113
5 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 15
B46
113
515
17
3 1 513
15
15
15
115
17
5 3 5 1 1
7 5 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
(6)
332 Hierarchical Sequencing and Consistency Verification0e maximum eigenvalue λmax 65433 of the judgmentmatrix A11 was obtained by calculation and it was normalizedto ω(2)
11 (00608 00348 03419 01597 03419 00608) 0esix elements of the criterion layer are harmony dynamicssafety comfort practicality and individuality Consistency testis to test the coordination of the importance of each elementCI value of less than 1 indicates that consistency of thejudgmentmatrix is passed and the results are listed in Table 12
0e element bstij in the judgment matrix Bst is the comparisonmeasure of the superiority ofPt to C in the scheme layer (hand-held rotary tiller) 0e weight ω(3)
1t the maximum eigenvalueλmax and the consistency index CI1t were calculated from thecomparison judgment matrix B1t of the third layer and theresults are listed in Table 130e average of the total ranking ofthe scheme layers is shown in Table 14
After calculation the weight coefficient P of the 4 sampleschemes and a new conceptual design scheme of the targetlayer was obtained P1(C1) 007 P2(C2) 014 P3(C3)
006 P4(C4) 030 and P5(C5) 043 where Pt(C1) is theweight coefficient of sample 1 and so on 0erefore theinnovative conceptual design scheme was selected from thefive schemes because the weight coefficient of the conceptualdesign scheme P5(C5) was the largest one 043 0ismethod is effective and feasible for the innovative design ofagricultural machinery
4 Discussion
In order to improve the comprehensive quality of functionalproducts and meet the needs of users for product
Table 13 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotary tiller
B11ndashC B12ndashC B13ndashC B14ndashC B15ndashC B16ndashC Expert 1ω(3)1t 00815 00497 00417 00496 00434 00796
03322 03482 02016 01062 01063 0209100414 00465 00795 00797 01063 0043302290 02244 02156 02518 03720 0308603159 03312 04616 05127 03720 03594
λmax 52876 53691 52469 50252 50939 52194CI 00719 00923 00617 00063 00235 00548CR 00642 00824 00551 00056 00210 00490 Accept
B21ndashC B22ndashC B23ndashC B24ndashC B25ndashC B26ndashC Expert 2ω(3)2t 00856 01172 00712 00749 00658 00927
02247 02547 01524 01425 01209 0170500611 00502 00643 00422 00396 0034702799 02265 02619 04503 02726 0247303487 03515 04502 02902 05012 04547
λmax 54208 53773 52144 52785 52742 54268CI 01052 00943 00536 00696 00685 01067CR 00939 00842 00479 00622 00612 00935 Accept
B31ndashC B32ndashC B33ndashC B34ndashC B35ndashC B36ndashC Expert 3ω(3)3t 00855 00826 00669 00758 00692 00744
01832 01419 01231 01393 01074 0141600420 00379 00403 00359 00680 0044802247 02890 02595 04186 03393 0243404646 04485 05102 03304 04162 04957
λmax 53965 54257 53429 54404 52374 54451CI 00991 01064 00857 01101 00594 01113CR 00885 00950 00765 00983 00530 00994 Accept
B41ndashC B42ndashC B43ndashC B44ndashC B45ndashC B46ndashC Expert 4ω(3)4t 00846 00805 00697 00762 00658 00758
01454 01480 01216 01450 01209 0139300444 00452 00629 00429 00396 0035904757 03509 03538 03679 02726 0330402499 03754 03919 03679 05012 04186
λmax 54118 54301 52748 51295 52742 54404CI 01029 01075 00687 00324 00684 01101CR 00919 00960 00613 00289 00612 00983 Accept
16 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
personalization this paper puts forward the improvementexplanation of appearance and function and obtains the in-novative design scheme by introducing KE and TRIZ0eAHPwas used to evaluate the innovative design scheme Combiningwith the design of hand-held rotary tiller the correspondinginnovative design scheme was obtained and the design processwas attempted to be extended to other products 0e maincontent of the literature study [8 25 26] focused on the userrequirements mining or conceptual design stage and the re-searchers have not studied the application of detailed designstage and the subsequent evaluation of innovative design 0ispaper establishes an innovative design model from user needsmining conceptual design detailed design computer-aideddesign and scheme evaluation which is convenient for de-signers to design and develop products and also has a goodreference for innovative design of other products
However because the main research content of thispaper focuses on innovative design process the research onthe evaluation system of the scheme is insufficient In thefollowing work designers can introduce other design the-ories and methods to combine with existing research inorder to improve the process of innovative design
5 Conclusions
In order to improve the comprehensive quality of agricul-tural machinery products based on functional technologyand meet the needs of users the innovation design model ofagricultural machinery products based on KE-TRIZ wasconstructed
Firstly the designer used SD method and PCA methodto quantify and reduce the dimension of affective intentionwords aiming to select comprehensive variables repre-senting the needs of users Secondly by constructing a KE-TRIZ innovative design model the product appearance andfunction were innovatively designed and the contradictionbetween product appearance and function was analyzed tomake it well matched 0en taking the innovative design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as an example the applicationflow was described and the typical samples and designscheme were evaluated by the AHP which shows that themethod has obvious improvement in function and ap-pearance 0e KE-TRIZ method enables designers to designproducts more in line with the actual needs of users which iseffective and feasible for the innovative design of agriculturalmachinery
0e follow-up work is to further explore the integrationof technology cost and other multi-objective-driven in-novative designs of agricultural machinery products in orderto improve the applicability and integrity of the method
Data Availability
All data generated and analyzed during this study are in-cluded within the article
Conflicts of Interest
0e authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest
Authorsrsquo Contributions
Jian-wei Wang conceived and designed the study Jian-minZhang completed the design evaluation Jian-wei Wangcompleted product modeling Jian-min Zhang revised andpolished the manuscript All authors have read and ap-proved the final manuscript All authors contributed equallyto this work
Acknowledgments
0is work was supported by the Guizhou Natural ScienceFund Project (Guizhou Technology Cooperation SupportProgram (2017)1047) the Guizhou Science and TechnologyMajor Project (LH(2014)7629 LH(2016)7432 and LH(2017)7232) and the Academic New Seedling Cultivation andInnovation Exploration Specialization of Guizhou Univer-sity (Guizhou Platform Talents (2017)5788)
References
[1] G Q Yao C Q Xue and H Y Wang ldquoDesign method forcoach styling design based on image cognitionrdquo Journal ofSoutheast University Natural Science Edition vol 46 no 6pp 1198ndash1203 2016
[2] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei Engineering a new ergonomicconsumer-oriented technology for product developmentrdquoInternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 15 no 1pp 3ndash11 1995
[3] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei engineering as a powerful consumer-orientied technology for product developmentrdquo Applied Er-gonomics vol 33 no 3 pp 289ndash294 2002
[4] C E GolnooshRasoulifar and P Guy ldquoCommunicatingconsumer needs in the design process of branded productsrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015
[5] Y T Fu and S J Luo ldquoStyle perception-oriented productfamily shape gene designrdquo Comtuter IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 18 no 3 pp 449ndash457 2012
[6] L N Abdala R B Fernandes A Ogliari M Lower andJ Feldhusen ldquoCreative contributions of the methods of in-ventive principles of TRIZ and BioTRIZ to problem solvingrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 139 no 8 2017
[7] S Kim and B Yoon ldquoDeveloping a process of conceptgeneration for new product-service systems a QFD and
Table 14 Overall ranking result and average value of the third layer
Scheme Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 Scheme 5Expert 1 0048558458 0167268103 0083016534 0281635216 0419521689Expert 2 0072929489 0148099162 0051450184 0288521951 0438999215Expert 3 0070614603 0123757406 0050002922 0302460164 0453164905Expert 4 0070748371 0127513198 0049909632 0335077088 041675171Average value 006571273 0141659467 0058594818 0301923605 043210938
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 17
TRIZ-based approachrdquo Service Business vol 6 no 3pp 323ndash348 2012
[8] R H Tan R H Zhang F Liu and B J Yang ldquoTwo stagesanalogy-based conceptual design based on TRIZrdquo ComputerIntergrated Manufacturing Systems vol 12 no 3 pp 328ndash334 2006
[9] X Z Liu G N Qi J Z Fu B B Fan and J Xu ldquoA designprocess model of intergrated morphlolgical matrix andconflict resolving principlesrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 46 no 12 pp 2243ndash2258 2012
[10] Y H Cohen Y Reich and S Greenberg ldquoBiomineticsstructure-function patterns approachrdquo Journal of MechanicalDesign vol 136 no 11 2014
[11] L L Sun and F S Kong ldquoVisual comfort design of automobileseat based on Kansei engineering and TRIZ theoryrdquo Journal ofJinlin University Engineering and Technology Edition vol 44no 1 pp 106ndash110 2014
[12] W Chen C S Carolyn and Y Bernard ldquoSpecial issue userneeds and preferences in engineering designrdquo Journal ofMechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015
[13] Y X Huang C-H Chen and L P Khoo ldquoProducts clas-sification in emotional design using a basic-emotion basedsemantic differential methodrdquo International Journal of In-dustrial Ergonomics vol 42 no 6 pp 569ndash580 2012
[14] W Lu and J-F Petiot ldquoAffective design of products using anaudio-based protocol application to eyeglass framerdquo In-ternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 44 no 3pp 383ndash394 2014
[15] V Chulvi M C Gonzalez-Cruz E Mulet and J Aguilar-Zambrano ldquoInfluence of the type of idea-generation methodon the creativity of solutionsrdquo Research in Engineering Designvol 24 no 1 pp 33ndash41 2013
[16] B Mannan and Abid Haleem ldquoUnderstanding major di-mensions and determinants that help in diffusion amp adoptionof product innovation using AHP approachrdquo Journal ofGlobal Entrepreneurship Research vol 7 no 1 pp 1ndash24 2017
[17] T Wang and M R Liu ldquoApplication of QFD and AHP inrailway freight transportationrdquo Computer IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 24 no 1 pp 264ndash271 2018
[18] H-N Hsish J F Chen and Q H Du ldquoApplying TRIZ andfuzzy AHP based on lean production to develop an innovativedesign of a new shape for machine toolsrdquo Information vol 6no 1 pp 89ndash110 2015
[19] L-C Chen and L Lin ldquoOptimization of product configu-ration design using functional requirements and constraintsrdquoResearch in Engineering Design vol 13 no 3 pp 167ndash1822002
[20] Y Li M-D Shieh C-C Yang and L Zhu ldquoApplication offuzzy-based hybrid taguchi method for multiobjective opti-mization of product form designrdquo Mathematical Problems inEngineering vol 2018 Article ID 9091514 18 pages 2018
[21] Y Q Xu K Chen H B Qin and Z Y Wang ldquoStudy on theapplication of Kansei engineering in product form designrdquoApplied Mechanics and Materials vol 274 pp 513ndash516 2013
[22] S Hede P V Ferreira M N Lopes and L A Rocha ldquoTRIZand the paradigms of social sustainability in product devel-opment endeavorsrdquo Procedia Engineering vol 131 pp 522ndash538 2015
[23] Z Liu D Hu Y Gao et al ldquoTRIZ based revised design fordisassembly of joint structurerdquo Journal of Mechanical Engi-neering vol 48 no 11 pp 65ndash71 2012
[24] X Ji X J Gu F Dai et al ldquoBioTRIZ-based product in-novative design processrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 48 no 1 pp 35ndash41 2014
[25] X L Li W Zhao Y K Zheng R Wang and C WangldquoInnovative product design based on comprehensive cus-tomer requirements of different cognitive levelsrdquo lte Sci-entific World Journal vol 2014 Article ID 627093 11 pages2014
[26] G D Zhai Z H Liang and M Y Li ldquoStudy on the Opti-mization model of a flexible transmissionrdquo MathematicalProblems in Engineering vol 2019 Article ID 508457312 pages 2019
18 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
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In order to improve the practicability of products de-signers can adopt the principle of adaptability and versatilityin TRIZ theory Since the change in appearance structureaffects the shape parameters the invention is applied to thestatistical principle of the shape parameters used in thecontradiction matrix as shown in Table 7 0e inventionprinciple with higher usage rate is selected so that theoriginal understanding of the appearance structure design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller is provided and the improvementdescription of the inductive design of the hand-held rotarytiller is proposed as shown in Table 80ere are 17 principlesof invention for design (C10 Prior action C1 SegmentationC14 Spheroidality C15 Dynamicity C32 Changing thecolor C34 Rejecting and regenerating parts C35 Trans-formation of physical and chemical states of an object C2Extraction C4 Asymmetry C29 Use a pneumatic or hy-draulic construction C40 Composite materials C13 In-version C22 Convert harm into benefit C26 Copying C5Combining C17 Moving to a new dimension C28 Re-placement of a mechanical system)
According to the interpretation of the invention theshape of the hand-held rotary tiller was initially drawn byhand Designers can propose the direction of design throughthe inspiration of the principle of invention In order toembody the dynamics and coordination of the scheme thedesigner can use streamlined body language to form aconcise and harmonious overall form of the handrail con-necting rod and the head of the hand-held rotary tiller andmatch the reasonable color matching proportion to reducethe volume of the machine in the visual sense In order toreflect the comfort of the scheme the designer can divide themain view and the top view of the rotary tiller reasonably soas to stimulate the userrsquos sense of stability of themachine (seeFigure 3)
System component function analysis is a process ofmodeling system function0emodel should include systemcomponents hypersystem components objects and so onOn this basis the functional model diagram of the hand-heldrotary tiller was constructed as shown in Figure 4 Func-tional model diagrams can help designers understand thesystem identify the problems in the system identify thetypes of problems get inspiration to solve related problemsand then find appropriate solutions for each type of prob-lems in a precise way 0e designer first establishes thecomponent hierarchy model by component analysis then
analyses the relationship between system components es-tablishes the system component relationship model andestablishes the functional model System component func-tion analysis of the hand-held rotary tiller the operator issafe when both hands leave the handle of the hand-heldrotary tiller System components switch hand-held con-necting rods chassis motor rotary tillage knife wheels andtransmission hypersystem components vegetation and soilObjects handles and rotary blade
As shown in Table 9 through the analysis of the relevantengineering parameters in the TRIZ conflict matrix thedesigner has obtained the functional requirements of thehand-held rotary tiller as well as the principles of the in-vention to solve the corresponding problems In Table 9 (12)denotes the engineering parameter serial number and 1 de-notes the serial number of the inventive principle
In Table 10 ldquordquo indicates that the principle is the optimalsolution ldquordquo indicates that the principle needs to be con-sidered and ldquordquo means that the principle was constrainedby the current system and structure or cannot work [23] Forinstance in consideration of safety the physicalchemicalparameters of the existing hand-held rotary tiller had beenbasically determined and it was not necessary to increase thecost to change them Cushion in advance was less innovativebut it is worthy of consideration Segmentation rushingthrough and partial or overdone action were not useful forsafety Replacement of a mechanical system was a new ideathat should be taken into consideration
Several principles with ldquordquo and ldquordquo in Table 11 are il-lustrated in Table 12 for technical improvement of the hand-held rotary tiller
As shown in Table 11 the technical improvements(replacement of mechanical systems porous materialscomposites and dynamics) made by the designer on thehand-held rotary tiller do not conflict with the appearanceimprovements in Table 9 (dynamic harmonious and in-dividual) 0is indicated that the conceptual design can becontinued According to the interpretation of the inventionprinciples the functional technology of the hand-held rotarytiller was preliminarily conceived (see Figure 5)
According to the improvement of product appearanceand function technology explained by the invention prin-ciples three-dimensional modeling and rendering of theproduct were carried out by computer-aided technologyDesigners should meet the physiological and psychological
Table 6 Perceptual design of the hand-held rotary tiller idealized model
Emotionalwords TRIZ engineering parameters Current situation Idealized model
Exteriorstructure
DynamicWeight of stationary object
shape and loss of information
Monotonous old-fashioned colormatching poor systematicdesign and lack of corporate
identity information
Harmonious color design refinedgeometrical shape and full ofcorporate identity information
HarmoniousIndividual
Functionaltechnology
Safety Reliability harmful factorsproduced by objects andadaptability and versatility
Knife will hurt the operator andlacking ergonomic design
Safety high efficiencycomfortable ergonomic design
and reinforced structuralstructures
Comfortable
Practical
All TRIZ engineering parameters in Table 6 come from the 39 engineering parameters in TRIZ
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 7
needs of consumers when designing the appearance andtechnical functions of hand-held rotary tiller In computer-aided modeling the designer extracts some elements of the
front shape of the cattle for the front design of the hand-heldrotary tiller and assembles the front and the hand-held rodinto the head image of the cattle e traditional image of
First Second Third 1 2 3 4 5
Dynamic 3 1 2
Harmonious 5 1 2
Individual 5 1 2
Safety 39 1 2
Comfortable 13 1 2
Practical 33 1 2
5
4
3
2
1
Relative importance 012 014 003 025 022 024
Importance rating (10 ratings) 5 6 1 10 9 10
Absolute importance 180 210 45 384 333 354
Technical assessment 2 2
1 1 1
2 1 1 1 2 2
3 1 3 9
Target Value
Para
met
ric d
esig
n of
inte
gral
mod
elin
g
Usin
g ge
omet
ry b
ioni
c des
ign
Uni
fied
colo
r mat
chin
g an
d ad
ded
war
ning
signs
St
reng
then
the s
truc
ture
and
impr
ove t
hean
ti-vi
brat
ion
perfo
rman
ce
Set u
p pr
ecau
tions
Impr
ovem
ent o
f hum
an-m
achi
nepe
rform
ance
of h
andl
e and
rota
ry ti
llers
High-quality hand-held
rotary tiller
Exterior structure
Functional technology
3 3 9 3 1
3 3 9 1
3 9 1
3 9
1 2 3 4 5 6
3 3
9 Strong relation 3 Medium relation 1 Weak relation
Strong positive correlation Weak positive correlation
times Strong negative correlation Weak negative correlation
Market competitiveness evaluation
1 Current status 2 Competitor
Dem
and
impo
rtan
ce
Wei
ght o
f sta
tiona
ry o
bjec
t
Shap
e
Loss
of i
nfor
mat
ion
Relia
bilit
y
Har
mfu
l fac
tors
pro
duce
d by
obj
ects
Ada
ptab
ility
and
vers
atili
ty
times
Customer demand expansion
times
Technical indicators
Figure 2 Innovative design model for agricultural machinery products
8 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
Table 7 Number of times inventive principles are used by improving shape parameters
Principle ofinvention Num Principle of
invention Num Principle of invention Num Principle of invention Num
1 Segmentation 9 11 Cushion inadvance 0 21 Rushing through 0 31 Use of Porous material 0
2 Extraction 5 12 Equipotentiality 0 22 Convert harm into benefit 4 32 Changing the color 73 Localconditions 2 13 Inversion 4 23 Feedback 0 33 Homogeneity 1
4 Asymmetry 5 14 Spheroidality 9 24 Mediator 0 34 Rejecting and regeneratingparts 7
5 Combining 3 15 Dynamicity 9 25 Self-service 1 35 Transformation of physicaland chemical states of an object 6
6 Universality 2 16 Partial oroverdone action 2 26 Copying 4 36 Phase transition 1
7 Nesting 2 17 Moving to a newdimension 3
27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive
durable one0 37 0ermal expansion 1
8 Counterweight 1 18 Mechanicalvibration 2 28 Replacement of a mechanical
system 3 38 Using strong oxidizers 0
9 Prior counter 1 19 Periodic action 1 29 Use a pneumatic or hydraulicconstruction 5 39 Inert environment 1
10 Prior action 10 20 Continuity ofuseful action 0 30 Flexible film or hydraulic
construction 2 40 Composite materials 5
Table 8 Description of appearance improvements of hand-held rotary tiller
Appearance Original understanding Description of improvement
Dynamic
Segmentation curved surfacedynamic characteristicsphysicalchemical change
combination
Curved surface design geometric scale bright andrefreshing feeling
Harmonious
Preactiondiscard or regenerate
extractionpneumatic and hydraulic structures
spatial dimension changemechanical system substitution
Parametric design concise and harmonious matchcolors for design the sense of volume in geometric
form
Individual
Change the colorcompositeasymmetry
spatial dimension change
Reasonable division of the layout systematic designchange harmful factors to favourable factors
All the original understandings come from TRIZ theory
(a) (b)
Figure 3 Hand drawing of the hand-held rotary tiller
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 9
bull head has been reinterpreted into the modern image ofbull head as shown in Figure 6 It expressed the traditionalcultivation culture Finally we used computer-aided in-dustrial design software to model the hand-held rotary tillerwith this image and obtained an innovative conceptualdesign scheme as shown in Figures 7 and 8
33 Design Evaluation for Hand-Held Rotary Tiller In orderto verify the reliability and innovation of conceptual designa conceptual scheme evaluation map was made with four
typical samples as shown in Figure 9 0e weight of fiveschemes were calculated by the AHP and construction ofjudgment matrix and the evaluation results of conceptualdesign scheme and other typical sample schemes were ob-tained [24]
0ree aspects of the 5 schemes modeling function andcolor matching were evaluated to find out an innovativehand-held rotary tiller design scheme (see Figure 10) In thiswork the evaluation weight was confirmed by several ex-perts including two industrial design experts and two ag-ricultural machinery design experts 0e results were more
Switch Hand connecting rod Motor
Chassis
GearingWheel
Handle
Rotary blade
Vegetation
Soil
Hold Support
Support
Control
Hold
SupportControl Control
DriveSupport
Support
Obstacle
Obstacle
Adhesion
Adhesion
Conrol
Control
Control
System component
Hypersystem component
Object
Normal functionInadequate function
Harmful function
Figure 4 System component function analysis of the hand-held rotary tiller
Table 9 Analysis on engineering parameters of hand-held rotary tillers
Emotionalwords Function Improvement factors Deteriorating factors TRIZ solution
SafetySafety (27) Reliability
(9) Speed 1 Segmentation 11 Cushion in advance21 Rushing through 16 Partial or
overdone action 28 Replacement of amechanical system 35 Transformation ofphysical and chemical states of an object
(12) Shape
Antivibration (31) Harmful factors sideeffects (36) Complexity of device 1 Segmentation 19 Periodic action 31
Use of porous materials
Comfortable Antiskid (27) Reliability (30) Harmful factors acting onobject
2 Extraction 27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive durable one
35 Transformation of physical andchemical states of an object 40 Composite
materials
Practical Practical (35) Adaptability (36) Complexity of equipment
15 Dynamicity 28 Replacement of amechanical system 29 Use a pneumatic or
hydraulic construction 37 0ermalexpansion
All Arabic numerals in Table 9 are the serial numbers in the TRIZ conflict matrix
10 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
objective because both of them were very familiar with thehand-held rotary tiller [25] And several judgment matriceswere constructed according to the data of questionnaires0rough the evaluation matrix the designer determines therequirement weighting coefficients of the criterion layer andthe scheme layer
331 Construction of Judgment Matrix
(1) Constructing judgment matrix As1 of the criterionlayer (s 1 2 3 and 4 where s stands for expert t 12 3 4 5 and 6 where t stands for scheme)
A11
1 315
13
15
1
13
113
13
15
13
5 3 1 3 1 5
3 313
113
5
5 5 1 3 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Table 10 Functional principles of the hand-held rotary tiller
Function Principle Principle elaboration
Safety
Replacement of a mechanical system Cushion in advance
Segmentation Rushing through
Partial or overdone action Transformation of physical and chemical states of an
object
Replacement of a mechanical system was currently arelatively new idea that can be tracked further
Cushion in advance was less innovative but it neededstudying
Segmentation rushing through and partial oroverdone action were not useful for safetyIt was not necessary to increase the cost for
transformation of physical and chemical states of anobject
AntivibrationUse of porous materials
Periodic action Segmentation
Use of porous materials was useful for buffervibrations Periodic action may cause resonance
Segmentation was not appropriate for Antivibration
Antiskid
Composite materials An inexpensive short-life object instead of an
expensive durable oneTransformation of physical and chemical states of an
object Extraction
Composite materials can be considered emphatically0e inventive principle of cheap alternatives was
needed further analysis 0e principle thattransformation of physical and chemical states of ahand-held rotary tiller may increase costs was not
taken into accountExtraction was not very suitable for the product
Practical
Dynamicity Replacement of a mechanical system
Use a pneumatic or hydraulic construction0ermal expansion
Dynamicity deserves to be considered and used0e inventive principle of replacing mechanical systemsusing pneumatic or hydraulic structures can continue to
be tracked 0ermal expansion can be excludedAll the principles come from the 40 original principles of TRIZ
Table 11 Description of technical improvements of the hand-held rotary tiller
Principle name Description of improvement
Replacement of a mechanical system0epressure sensor in the handle of the hand-held rotary tiller can detect the pressure of theoperatorrsquos hands on the handle When an accident occurs the single chip microcomputer
built in the hand-held rotary tiller will cut off the motor and stop the work
Use of porous materials Porous materials can be used for sound insulation but also can reduce the quality andvibration of hand-held rotary tiller
Composite materials 0e composite material can be used to improve the strength and rigidity of the machineand reduce the quality of the hand-held rotary tiller
Dynamicity Hand-held connecting rod was adjustable Rotary tiller blade can be replaced
Table 12 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotarytillers
A11minus B A21minus B A31minus B A41minus B
ω(2)s1
00608 00470 00460 0052400348 00278 00460 0029003419 04242 03953 0413901597 01275 00985 0133003419 03233 03569 0315500608 00502 00573 00561
λmax 65433 65882 65313 65504CI 01087 01176 01063 01101CR 00876 00949 00857 00888 Accept
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 11
Chassis Motor
Rotary bladeWheel
Gearing
Handle
Wire Pressure sensors
Hand connecting rod
Monochip computers
Height adjustable
Replacement of blade
Figure 5 Functional system diagram of the hand-held rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
Figure 6 Iterative design of front face pattern of the rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c)
Figure 7 Conceptual design scheme of the hand-held rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Figure 8 Color series of the hand-held rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
Figure 9 Typical sample schemes and conceptual design scheme (a) Scheme 1 (b) Scheme 2 (c) Scheme 3 (d) Scheme 4 (e) Scheme 5
12 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
A21
1 317
13
17
1
13
115
13
15
13
7 5 1 5 1 7
3 315
113
5
7 5 1 3 1 3
1 317
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
A31
1 115
13
15
1
1 115
115
13
5 5 1 5 1 5
3 115
115
5
5 5 1 5 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
A41
1 317
13
15
1
13
115
13
15
13
7 5 1 5 1 5
3 315
113
5
5 5 1 3 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
(5)
(2) Constructing judgment matrix Bst of the schemelayer
B11
113
315
15
3 1 5 3 1
13
15
117
17
515
7 1 1
5 1 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B21
113
315
15
3 1 5 113
13
15
113
13
5 1 7 1 1
5 3 3 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B31
113
515
15
3 1 3 1 13
15
13
115
17
5 1 5 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Target layer Selection of innovation scheme for hand-held rotary tiller
Criterionlayer
B1Harmonious
B2Dynamic
B3Safety
B4Comfortable
B5Practical
B6Individual
Schemelayer
C1Scheme 1
C2Scheme 2
C3Scheme 3
C1Scheme 1
C5Scheme 5
Figure 10 Hierarchical model of the hand-held rotary tiller
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 13
B41
113
315
13
3 1 515
13
13
15
115
15
5 5 5 1 3
3 3 513
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B12
113
15
15
15
3 1 3 5 1
15
13
115
17
515
5 1 1
5 1 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B22
113
513
13
3 1 3 1 115
13
115
15
3 1 5 113
3 1 5 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B32
113
515
15
3 1 313
13
15
13
117
17
5 3 7 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B42
113
515
17
3 1 313
13
15
13
115
15
5 3 5 1 1
7 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B13
115
13
17
15
5 1 3 113
313
113
17
7 1 3 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B23
113
113
15
3 1 313
13
113
115
17
3 3 5 113
5 3 5 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B33
113
315
17
3 1 313
15
13
13
117
17
5 5 3 113
7 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B43
113
113
15
3 1 315
15
113
115
15
315
5 1 1
5 5 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B14
113
13
15
15
3 1 113
15
1 1 113
17
5 3 3 113
5 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
14 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
B24
113
315
15
3 1 313
13
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 1 3
5 3 713
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B34
113
517
15
3 1 515
13
15
15
117
15
7 5 7 1 1
5 3 3 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B44
113
315
15
3 1 313
13
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 1 1
5 3 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B15
113
13
17
17
3 1 115
13
3 1 113
15
7 5 3 1 1
7 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B25 5
113
315
17
3 1 313
15
13
15
117
17
5 3 7 113
7 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B35
113
313
15
3 1 113
15
1 1 117
17
3 3 7 1 1
5 5 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B45
113
315
17
3 1 113
15
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 113
7 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B16
113
315
15
3 1 5 113
13
15
117
15
5 1 7 1 1
5 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B26
113
313
15
3 1 713
13
15
17
115
17
3 3 5 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B36
113
315
15
3 1 513
15
13
15
113
17
5 3 3 113
5 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 15
B46
113
515
17
3 1 513
15
15
15
115
17
5 3 5 1 1
7 5 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
(6)
332 Hierarchical Sequencing and Consistency Verification0e maximum eigenvalue λmax 65433 of the judgmentmatrix A11 was obtained by calculation and it was normalizedto ω(2)
11 (00608 00348 03419 01597 03419 00608) 0esix elements of the criterion layer are harmony dynamicssafety comfort practicality and individuality Consistency testis to test the coordination of the importance of each elementCI value of less than 1 indicates that consistency of thejudgmentmatrix is passed and the results are listed in Table 12
0e element bstij in the judgment matrix Bst is the comparisonmeasure of the superiority ofPt to C in the scheme layer (hand-held rotary tiller) 0e weight ω(3)
1t the maximum eigenvalueλmax and the consistency index CI1t were calculated from thecomparison judgment matrix B1t of the third layer and theresults are listed in Table 130e average of the total ranking ofthe scheme layers is shown in Table 14
After calculation the weight coefficient P of the 4 sampleschemes and a new conceptual design scheme of the targetlayer was obtained P1(C1) 007 P2(C2) 014 P3(C3)
006 P4(C4) 030 and P5(C5) 043 where Pt(C1) is theweight coefficient of sample 1 and so on 0erefore theinnovative conceptual design scheme was selected from thefive schemes because the weight coefficient of the conceptualdesign scheme P5(C5) was the largest one 043 0ismethod is effective and feasible for the innovative design ofagricultural machinery
4 Discussion
In order to improve the comprehensive quality of functionalproducts and meet the needs of users for product
Table 13 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotary tiller
B11ndashC B12ndashC B13ndashC B14ndashC B15ndashC B16ndashC Expert 1ω(3)1t 00815 00497 00417 00496 00434 00796
03322 03482 02016 01062 01063 0209100414 00465 00795 00797 01063 0043302290 02244 02156 02518 03720 0308603159 03312 04616 05127 03720 03594
λmax 52876 53691 52469 50252 50939 52194CI 00719 00923 00617 00063 00235 00548CR 00642 00824 00551 00056 00210 00490 Accept
B21ndashC B22ndashC B23ndashC B24ndashC B25ndashC B26ndashC Expert 2ω(3)2t 00856 01172 00712 00749 00658 00927
02247 02547 01524 01425 01209 0170500611 00502 00643 00422 00396 0034702799 02265 02619 04503 02726 0247303487 03515 04502 02902 05012 04547
λmax 54208 53773 52144 52785 52742 54268CI 01052 00943 00536 00696 00685 01067CR 00939 00842 00479 00622 00612 00935 Accept
B31ndashC B32ndashC B33ndashC B34ndashC B35ndashC B36ndashC Expert 3ω(3)3t 00855 00826 00669 00758 00692 00744
01832 01419 01231 01393 01074 0141600420 00379 00403 00359 00680 0044802247 02890 02595 04186 03393 0243404646 04485 05102 03304 04162 04957
λmax 53965 54257 53429 54404 52374 54451CI 00991 01064 00857 01101 00594 01113CR 00885 00950 00765 00983 00530 00994 Accept
B41ndashC B42ndashC B43ndashC B44ndashC B45ndashC B46ndashC Expert 4ω(3)4t 00846 00805 00697 00762 00658 00758
01454 01480 01216 01450 01209 0139300444 00452 00629 00429 00396 0035904757 03509 03538 03679 02726 0330402499 03754 03919 03679 05012 04186
λmax 54118 54301 52748 51295 52742 54404CI 01029 01075 00687 00324 00684 01101CR 00919 00960 00613 00289 00612 00983 Accept
16 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
personalization this paper puts forward the improvementexplanation of appearance and function and obtains the in-novative design scheme by introducing KE and TRIZ0eAHPwas used to evaluate the innovative design scheme Combiningwith the design of hand-held rotary tiller the correspondinginnovative design scheme was obtained and the design processwas attempted to be extended to other products 0e maincontent of the literature study [8 25 26] focused on the userrequirements mining or conceptual design stage and the re-searchers have not studied the application of detailed designstage and the subsequent evaluation of innovative design 0ispaper establishes an innovative design model from user needsmining conceptual design detailed design computer-aideddesign and scheme evaluation which is convenient for de-signers to design and develop products and also has a goodreference for innovative design of other products
However because the main research content of thispaper focuses on innovative design process the research onthe evaluation system of the scheme is insufficient In thefollowing work designers can introduce other design the-ories and methods to combine with existing research inorder to improve the process of innovative design
5 Conclusions
In order to improve the comprehensive quality of agricul-tural machinery products based on functional technologyand meet the needs of users the innovation design model ofagricultural machinery products based on KE-TRIZ wasconstructed
Firstly the designer used SD method and PCA methodto quantify and reduce the dimension of affective intentionwords aiming to select comprehensive variables repre-senting the needs of users Secondly by constructing a KE-TRIZ innovative design model the product appearance andfunction were innovatively designed and the contradictionbetween product appearance and function was analyzed tomake it well matched 0en taking the innovative design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as an example the applicationflow was described and the typical samples and designscheme were evaluated by the AHP which shows that themethod has obvious improvement in function and ap-pearance 0e KE-TRIZ method enables designers to designproducts more in line with the actual needs of users which iseffective and feasible for the innovative design of agriculturalmachinery
0e follow-up work is to further explore the integrationof technology cost and other multi-objective-driven in-novative designs of agricultural machinery products in orderto improve the applicability and integrity of the method
Data Availability
All data generated and analyzed during this study are in-cluded within the article
Conflicts of Interest
0e authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest
Authorsrsquo Contributions
Jian-wei Wang conceived and designed the study Jian-minZhang completed the design evaluation Jian-wei Wangcompleted product modeling Jian-min Zhang revised andpolished the manuscript All authors have read and ap-proved the final manuscript All authors contributed equallyto this work
Acknowledgments
0is work was supported by the Guizhou Natural ScienceFund Project (Guizhou Technology Cooperation SupportProgram (2017)1047) the Guizhou Science and TechnologyMajor Project (LH(2014)7629 LH(2016)7432 and LH(2017)7232) and the Academic New Seedling Cultivation andInnovation Exploration Specialization of Guizhou Univer-sity (Guizhou Platform Talents (2017)5788)
References
[1] G Q Yao C Q Xue and H Y Wang ldquoDesign method forcoach styling design based on image cognitionrdquo Journal ofSoutheast University Natural Science Edition vol 46 no 6pp 1198ndash1203 2016
[2] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei Engineering a new ergonomicconsumer-oriented technology for product developmentrdquoInternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 15 no 1pp 3ndash11 1995
[3] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei engineering as a powerful consumer-orientied technology for product developmentrdquo Applied Er-gonomics vol 33 no 3 pp 289ndash294 2002
[4] C E GolnooshRasoulifar and P Guy ldquoCommunicatingconsumer needs in the design process of branded productsrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015
[5] Y T Fu and S J Luo ldquoStyle perception-oriented productfamily shape gene designrdquo Comtuter IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 18 no 3 pp 449ndash457 2012
[6] L N Abdala R B Fernandes A Ogliari M Lower andJ Feldhusen ldquoCreative contributions of the methods of in-ventive principles of TRIZ and BioTRIZ to problem solvingrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 139 no 8 2017
[7] S Kim and B Yoon ldquoDeveloping a process of conceptgeneration for new product-service systems a QFD and
Table 14 Overall ranking result and average value of the third layer
Scheme Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 Scheme 5Expert 1 0048558458 0167268103 0083016534 0281635216 0419521689Expert 2 0072929489 0148099162 0051450184 0288521951 0438999215Expert 3 0070614603 0123757406 0050002922 0302460164 0453164905Expert 4 0070748371 0127513198 0049909632 0335077088 041675171Average value 006571273 0141659467 0058594818 0301923605 043210938
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 17
TRIZ-based approachrdquo Service Business vol 6 no 3pp 323ndash348 2012
[8] R H Tan R H Zhang F Liu and B J Yang ldquoTwo stagesanalogy-based conceptual design based on TRIZrdquo ComputerIntergrated Manufacturing Systems vol 12 no 3 pp 328ndash334 2006
[9] X Z Liu G N Qi J Z Fu B B Fan and J Xu ldquoA designprocess model of intergrated morphlolgical matrix andconflict resolving principlesrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 46 no 12 pp 2243ndash2258 2012
[10] Y H Cohen Y Reich and S Greenberg ldquoBiomineticsstructure-function patterns approachrdquo Journal of MechanicalDesign vol 136 no 11 2014
[11] L L Sun and F S Kong ldquoVisual comfort design of automobileseat based on Kansei engineering and TRIZ theoryrdquo Journal ofJinlin University Engineering and Technology Edition vol 44no 1 pp 106ndash110 2014
[12] W Chen C S Carolyn and Y Bernard ldquoSpecial issue userneeds and preferences in engineering designrdquo Journal ofMechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015
[13] Y X Huang C-H Chen and L P Khoo ldquoProducts clas-sification in emotional design using a basic-emotion basedsemantic differential methodrdquo International Journal of In-dustrial Ergonomics vol 42 no 6 pp 569ndash580 2012
[14] W Lu and J-F Petiot ldquoAffective design of products using anaudio-based protocol application to eyeglass framerdquo In-ternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 44 no 3pp 383ndash394 2014
[15] V Chulvi M C Gonzalez-Cruz E Mulet and J Aguilar-Zambrano ldquoInfluence of the type of idea-generation methodon the creativity of solutionsrdquo Research in Engineering Designvol 24 no 1 pp 33ndash41 2013
[16] B Mannan and Abid Haleem ldquoUnderstanding major di-mensions and determinants that help in diffusion amp adoptionof product innovation using AHP approachrdquo Journal ofGlobal Entrepreneurship Research vol 7 no 1 pp 1ndash24 2017
[17] T Wang and M R Liu ldquoApplication of QFD and AHP inrailway freight transportationrdquo Computer IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 24 no 1 pp 264ndash271 2018
[18] H-N Hsish J F Chen and Q H Du ldquoApplying TRIZ andfuzzy AHP based on lean production to develop an innovativedesign of a new shape for machine toolsrdquo Information vol 6no 1 pp 89ndash110 2015
[19] L-C Chen and L Lin ldquoOptimization of product configu-ration design using functional requirements and constraintsrdquoResearch in Engineering Design vol 13 no 3 pp 167ndash1822002
[20] Y Li M-D Shieh C-C Yang and L Zhu ldquoApplication offuzzy-based hybrid taguchi method for multiobjective opti-mization of product form designrdquo Mathematical Problems inEngineering vol 2018 Article ID 9091514 18 pages 2018
[21] Y Q Xu K Chen H B Qin and Z Y Wang ldquoStudy on theapplication of Kansei engineering in product form designrdquoApplied Mechanics and Materials vol 274 pp 513ndash516 2013
[22] S Hede P V Ferreira M N Lopes and L A Rocha ldquoTRIZand the paradigms of social sustainability in product devel-opment endeavorsrdquo Procedia Engineering vol 131 pp 522ndash538 2015
[23] Z Liu D Hu Y Gao et al ldquoTRIZ based revised design fordisassembly of joint structurerdquo Journal of Mechanical Engi-neering vol 48 no 11 pp 65ndash71 2012
[24] X Ji X J Gu F Dai et al ldquoBioTRIZ-based product in-novative design processrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 48 no 1 pp 35ndash41 2014
[25] X L Li W Zhao Y K Zheng R Wang and C WangldquoInnovative product design based on comprehensive cus-tomer requirements of different cognitive levelsrdquo lte Sci-entific World Journal vol 2014 Article ID 627093 11 pages2014
[26] G D Zhai Z H Liang and M Y Li ldquoStudy on the Opti-mization model of a flexible transmissionrdquo MathematicalProblems in Engineering vol 2019 Article ID 508457312 pages 2019
18 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
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needs of consumers when designing the appearance andtechnical functions of hand-held rotary tiller In computer-aided modeling the designer extracts some elements of the
front shape of the cattle for the front design of the hand-heldrotary tiller and assembles the front and the hand-held rodinto the head image of the cattle e traditional image of
First Second Third 1 2 3 4 5
Dynamic 3 1 2
Harmonious 5 1 2
Individual 5 1 2
Safety 39 1 2
Comfortable 13 1 2
Practical 33 1 2
5
4
3
2
1
Relative importance 012 014 003 025 022 024
Importance rating (10 ratings) 5 6 1 10 9 10
Absolute importance 180 210 45 384 333 354
Technical assessment 2 2
1 1 1
2 1 1 1 2 2
3 1 3 9
Target Value
Para
met
ric d
esig
n of
inte
gral
mod
elin
g
Usin
g ge
omet
ry b
ioni
c des
ign
Uni
fied
colo
r mat
chin
g an
d ad
ded
war
ning
signs
St
reng
then
the s
truc
ture
and
impr
ove t
hean
ti-vi
brat
ion
perfo
rman
ce
Set u
p pr
ecau
tions
Impr
ovem
ent o
f hum
an-m
achi
nepe
rform
ance
of h
andl
e and
rota
ry ti
llers
High-quality hand-held
rotary tiller
Exterior structure
Functional technology
3 3 9 3 1
3 3 9 1
3 9 1
3 9
1 2 3 4 5 6
3 3
9 Strong relation 3 Medium relation 1 Weak relation
Strong positive correlation Weak positive correlation
times Strong negative correlation Weak negative correlation
Market competitiveness evaluation
1 Current status 2 Competitor
Dem
and
impo
rtan
ce
Wei
ght o
f sta
tiona
ry o
bjec
t
Shap
e
Loss
of i
nfor
mat
ion
Relia
bilit
y
Har
mfu
l fac
tors
pro
duce
d by
obj
ects
Ada
ptab
ility
and
vers
atili
ty
times
Customer demand expansion
times
Technical indicators
Figure 2 Innovative design model for agricultural machinery products
8 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
Table 7 Number of times inventive principles are used by improving shape parameters
Principle ofinvention Num Principle of
invention Num Principle of invention Num Principle of invention Num
1 Segmentation 9 11 Cushion inadvance 0 21 Rushing through 0 31 Use of Porous material 0
2 Extraction 5 12 Equipotentiality 0 22 Convert harm into benefit 4 32 Changing the color 73 Localconditions 2 13 Inversion 4 23 Feedback 0 33 Homogeneity 1
4 Asymmetry 5 14 Spheroidality 9 24 Mediator 0 34 Rejecting and regeneratingparts 7
5 Combining 3 15 Dynamicity 9 25 Self-service 1 35 Transformation of physicaland chemical states of an object 6
6 Universality 2 16 Partial oroverdone action 2 26 Copying 4 36 Phase transition 1
7 Nesting 2 17 Moving to a newdimension 3
27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive
durable one0 37 0ermal expansion 1
8 Counterweight 1 18 Mechanicalvibration 2 28 Replacement of a mechanical
system 3 38 Using strong oxidizers 0
9 Prior counter 1 19 Periodic action 1 29 Use a pneumatic or hydraulicconstruction 5 39 Inert environment 1
10 Prior action 10 20 Continuity ofuseful action 0 30 Flexible film or hydraulic
construction 2 40 Composite materials 5
Table 8 Description of appearance improvements of hand-held rotary tiller
Appearance Original understanding Description of improvement
Dynamic
Segmentation curved surfacedynamic characteristicsphysicalchemical change
combination
Curved surface design geometric scale bright andrefreshing feeling
Harmonious
Preactiondiscard or regenerate
extractionpneumatic and hydraulic structures
spatial dimension changemechanical system substitution
Parametric design concise and harmonious matchcolors for design the sense of volume in geometric
form
Individual
Change the colorcompositeasymmetry
spatial dimension change
Reasonable division of the layout systematic designchange harmful factors to favourable factors
All the original understandings come from TRIZ theory
(a) (b)
Figure 3 Hand drawing of the hand-held rotary tiller
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 9
bull head has been reinterpreted into the modern image ofbull head as shown in Figure 6 It expressed the traditionalcultivation culture Finally we used computer-aided in-dustrial design software to model the hand-held rotary tillerwith this image and obtained an innovative conceptualdesign scheme as shown in Figures 7 and 8
33 Design Evaluation for Hand-Held Rotary Tiller In orderto verify the reliability and innovation of conceptual designa conceptual scheme evaluation map was made with four
typical samples as shown in Figure 9 0e weight of fiveschemes were calculated by the AHP and construction ofjudgment matrix and the evaluation results of conceptualdesign scheme and other typical sample schemes were ob-tained [24]
0ree aspects of the 5 schemes modeling function andcolor matching were evaluated to find out an innovativehand-held rotary tiller design scheme (see Figure 10) In thiswork the evaluation weight was confirmed by several ex-perts including two industrial design experts and two ag-ricultural machinery design experts 0e results were more
Switch Hand connecting rod Motor
Chassis
GearingWheel
Handle
Rotary blade
Vegetation
Soil
Hold Support
Support
Control
Hold
SupportControl Control
DriveSupport
Support
Obstacle
Obstacle
Adhesion
Adhesion
Conrol
Control
Control
System component
Hypersystem component
Object
Normal functionInadequate function
Harmful function
Figure 4 System component function analysis of the hand-held rotary tiller
Table 9 Analysis on engineering parameters of hand-held rotary tillers
Emotionalwords Function Improvement factors Deteriorating factors TRIZ solution
SafetySafety (27) Reliability
(9) Speed 1 Segmentation 11 Cushion in advance21 Rushing through 16 Partial or
overdone action 28 Replacement of amechanical system 35 Transformation ofphysical and chemical states of an object
(12) Shape
Antivibration (31) Harmful factors sideeffects (36) Complexity of device 1 Segmentation 19 Periodic action 31
Use of porous materials
Comfortable Antiskid (27) Reliability (30) Harmful factors acting onobject
2 Extraction 27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive durable one
35 Transformation of physical andchemical states of an object 40 Composite
materials
Practical Practical (35) Adaptability (36) Complexity of equipment
15 Dynamicity 28 Replacement of amechanical system 29 Use a pneumatic or
hydraulic construction 37 0ermalexpansion
All Arabic numerals in Table 9 are the serial numbers in the TRIZ conflict matrix
10 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
objective because both of them were very familiar with thehand-held rotary tiller [25] And several judgment matriceswere constructed according to the data of questionnaires0rough the evaluation matrix the designer determines therequirement weighting coefficients of the criterion layer andthe scheme layer
331 Construction of Judgment Matrix
(1) Constructing judgment matrix As1 of the criterionlayer (s 1 2 3 and 4 where s stands for expert t 12 3 4 5 and 6 where t stands for scheme)
A11
1 315
13
15
1
13
113
13
15
13
5 3 1 3 1 5
3 313
113
5
5 5 1 3 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Table 10 Functional principles of the hand-held rotary tiller
Function Principle Principle elaboration
Safety
Replacement of a mechanical system Cushion in advance
Segmentation Rushing through
Partial or overdone action Transformation of physical and chemical states of an
object
Replacement of a mechanical system was currently arelatively new idea that can be tracked further
Cushion in advance was less innovative but it neededstudying
Segmentation rushing through and partial oroverdone action were not useful for safetyIt was not necessary to increase the cost for
transformation of physical and chemical states of anobject
AntivibrationUse of porous materials
Periodic action Segmentation
Use of porous materials was useful for buffervibrations Periodic action may cause resonance
Segmentation was not appropriate for Antivibration
Antiskid
Composite materials An inexpensive short-life object instead of an
expensive durable oneTransformation of physical and chemical states of an
object Extraction
Composite materials can be considered emphatically0e inventive principle of cheap alternatives was
needed further analysis 0e principle thattransformation of physical and chemical states of ahand-held rotary tiller may increase costs was not
taken into accountExtraction was not very suitable for the product
Practical
Dynamicity Replacement of a mechanical system
Use a pneumatic or hydraulic construction0ermal expansion
Dynamicity deserves to be considered and used0e inventive principle of replacing mechanical systemsusing pneumatic or hydraulic structures can continue to
be tracked 0ermal expansion can be excludedAll the principles come from the 40 original principles of TRIZ
Table 11 Description of technical improvements of the hand-held rotary tiller
Principle name Description of improvement
Replacement of a mechanical system0epressure sensor in the handle of the hand-held rotary tiller can detect the pressure of theoperatorrsquos hands on the handle When an accident occurs the single chip microcomputer
built in the hand-held rotary tiller will cut off the motor and stop the work
Use of porous materials Porous materials can be used for sound insulation but also can reduce the quality andvibration of hand-held rotary tiller
Composite materials 0e composite material can be used to improve the strength and rigidity of the machineand reduce the quality of the hand-held rotary tiller
Dynamicity Hand-held connecting rod was adjustable Rotary tiller blade can be replaced
Table 12 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotarytillers
A11minus B A21minus B A31minus B A41minus B
ω(2)s1
00608 00470 00460 0052400348 00278 00460 0029003419 04242 03953 0413901597 01275 00985 0133003419 03233 03569 0315500608 00502 00573 00561
λmax 65433 65882 65313 65504CI 01087 01176 01063 01101CR 00876 00949 00857 00888 Accept
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 11
Chassis Motor
Rotary bladeWheel
Gearing
Handle
Wire Pressure sensors
Hand connecting rod
Monochip computers
Height adjustable
Replacement of blade
Figure 5 Functional system diagram of the hand-held rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
Figure 6 Iterative design of front face pattern of the rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c)
Figure 7 Conceptual design scheme of the hand-held rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Figure 8 Color series of the hand-held rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
Figure 9 Typical sample schemes and conceptual design scheme (a) Scheme 1 (b) Scheme 2 (c) Scheme 3 (d) Scheme 4 (e) Scheme 5
12 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
A21
1 317
13
17
1
13
115
13
15
13
7 5 1 5 1 7
3 315
113
5
7 5 1 3 1 3
1 317
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
A31
1 115
13
15
1
1 115
115
13
5 5 1 5 1 5
3 115
115
5
5 5 1 5 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
A41
1 317
13
15
1
13
115
13
15
13
7 5 1 5 1 5
3 315
113
5
5 5 1 3 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
(5)
(2) Constructing judgment matrix Bst of the schemelayer
B11
113
315
15
3 1 5 3 1
13
15
117
17
515
7 1 1
5 1 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B21
113
315
15
3 1 5 113
13
15
113
13
5 1 7 1 1
5 3 3 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B31
113
515
15
3 1 3 1 13
15
13
115
17
5 1 5 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Target layer Selection of innovation scheme for hand-held rotary tiller
Criterionlayer
B1Harmonious
B2Dynamic
B3Safety
B4Comfortable
B5Practical
B6Individual
Schemelayer
C1Scheme 1
C2Scheme 2
C3Scheme 3
C1Scheme 1
C5Scheme 5
Figure 10 Hierarchical model of the hand-held rotary tiller
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 13
B41
113
315
13
3 1 515
13
13
15
115
15
5 5 5 1 3
3 3 513
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B12
113
15
15
15
3 1 3 5 1
15
13
115
17
515
5 1 1
5 1 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B22
113
513
13
3 1 3 1 115
13
115
15
3 1 5 113
3 1 5 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B32
113
515
15
3 1 313
13
15
13
117
17
5 3 7 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B42
113
515
17
3 1 313
13
15
13
115
15
5 3 5 1 1
7 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B13
115
13
17
15
5 1 3 113
313
113
17
7 1 3 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B23
113
113
15
3 1 313
13
113
115
17
3 3 5 113
5 3 5 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B33
113
315
17
3 1 313
15
13
13
117
17
5 5 3 113
7 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B43
113
113
15
3 1 315
15
113
115
15
315
5 1 1
5 5 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B14
113
13
15
15
3 1 113
15
1 1 113
17
5 3 3 113
5 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
14 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
B24
113
315
15
3 1 313
13
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 1 3
5 3 713
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B34
113
517
15
3 1 515
13
15
15
117
15
7 5 7 1 1
5 3 3 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B44
113
315
15
3 1 313
13
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 1 1
5 3 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B15
113
13
17
17
3 1 115
13
3 1 113
15
7 5 3 1 1
7 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B25 5
113
315
17
3 1 313
15
13
15
117
17
5 3 7 113
7 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B35
113
313
15
3 1 113
15
1 1 117
17
3 3 7 1 1
5 5 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B45
113
315
17
3 1 113
15
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 113
7 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B16
113
315
15
3 1 5 113
13
15
117
15
5 1 7 1 1
5 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B26
113
313
15
3 1 713
13
15
17
115
17
3 3 5 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B36
113
315
15
3 1 513
15
13
15
113
17
5 3 3 113
5 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 15
B46
113
515
17
3 1 513
15
15
15
115
17
5 3 5 1 1
7 5 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
(6)
332 Hierarchical Sequencing and Consistency Verification0e maximum eigenvalue λmax 65433 of the judgmentmatrix A11 was obtained by calculation and it was normalizedto ω(2)
11 (00608 00348 03419 01597 03419 00608) 0esix elements of the criterion layer are harmony dynamicssafety comfort practicality and individuality Consistency testis to test the coordination of the importance of each elementCI value of less than 1 indicates that consistency of thejudgmentmatrix is passed and the results are listed in Table 12
0e element bstij in the judgment matrix Bst is the comparisonmeasure of the superiority ofPt to C in the scheme layer (hand-held rotary tiller) 0e weight ω(3)
1t the maximum eigenvalueλmax and the consistency index CI1t were calculated from thecomparison judgment matrix B1t of the third layer and theresults are listed in Table 130e average of the total ranking ofthe scheme layers is shown in Table 14
After calculation the weight coefficient P of the 4 sampleschemes and a new conceptual design scheme of the targetlayer was obtained P1(C1) 007 P2(C2) 014 P3(C3)
006 P4(C4) 030 and P5(C5) 043 where Pt(C1) is theweight coefficient of sample 1 and so on 0erefore theinnovative conceptual design scheme was selected from thefive schemes because the weight coefficient of the conceptualdesign scheme P5(C5) was the largest one 043 0ismethod is effective and feasible for the innovative design ofagricultural machinery
4 Discussion
In order to improve the comprehensive quality of functionalproducts and meet the needs of users for product
Table 13 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotary tiller
B11ndashC B12ndashC B13ndashC B14ndashC B15ndashC B16ndashC Expert 1ω(3)1t 00815 00497 00417 00496 00434 00796
03322 03482 02016 01062 01063 0209100414 00465 00795 00797 01063 0043302290 02244 02156 02518 03720 0308603159 03312 04616 05127 03720 03594
λmax 52876 53691 52469 50252 50939 52194CI 00719 00923 00617 00063 00235 00548CR 00642 00824 00551 00056 00210 00490 Accept
B21ndashC B22ndashC B23ndashC B24ndashC B25ndashC B26ndashC Expert 2ω(3)2t 00856 01172 00712 00749 00658 00927
02247 02547 01524 01425 01209 0170500611 00502 00643 00422 00396 0034702799 02265 02619 04503 02726 0247303487 03515 04502 02902 05012 04547
λmax 54208 53773 52144 52785 52742 54268CI 01052 00943 00536 00696 00685 01067CR 00939 00842 00479 00622 00612 00935 Accept
B31ndashC B32ndashC B33ndashC B34ndashC B35ndashC B36ndashC Expert 3ω(3)3t 00855 00826 00669 00758 00692 00744
01832 01419 01231 01393 01074 0141600420 00379 00403 00359 00680 0044802247 02890 02595 04186 03393 0243404646 04485 05102 03304 04162 04957
λmax 53965 54257 53429 54404 52374 54451CI 00991 01064 00857 01101 00594 01113CR 00885 00950 00765 00983 00530 00994 Accept
B41ndashC B42ndashC B43ndashC B44ndashC B45ndashC B46ndashC Expert 4ω(3)4t 00846 00805 00697 00762 00658 00758
01454 01480 01216 01450 01209 0139300444 00452 00629 00429 00396 0035904757 03509 03538 03679 02726 0330402499 03754 03919 03679 05012 04186
λmax 54118 54301 52748 51295 52742 54404CI 01029 01075 00687 00324 00684 01101CR 00919 00960 00613 00289 00612 00983 Accept
16 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
personalization this paper puts forward the improvementexplanation of appearance and function and obtains the in-novative design scheme by introducing KE and TRIZ0eAHPwas used to evaluate the innovative design scheme Combiningwith the design of hand-held rotary tiller the correspondinginnovative design scheme was obtained and the design processwas attempted to be extended to other products 0e maincontent of the literature study [8 25 26] focused on the userrequirements mining or conceptual design stage and the re-searchers have not studied the application of detailed designstage and the subsequent evaluation of innovative design 0ispaper establishes an innovative design model from user needsmining conceptual design detailed design computer-aideddesign and scheme evaluation which is convenient for de-signers to design and develop products and also has a goodreference for innovative design of other products
However because the main research content of thispaper focuses on innovative design process the research onthe evaluation system of the scheme is insufficient In thefollowing work designers can introduce other design the-ories and methods to combine with existing research inorder to improve the process of innovative design
5 Conclusions
In order to improve the comprehensive quality of agricul-tural machinery products based on functional technologyand meet the needs of users the innovation design model ofagricultural machinery products based on KE-TRIZ wasconstructed
Firstly the designer used SD method and PCA methodto quantify and reduce the dimension of affective intentionwords aiming to select comprehensive variables repre-senting the needs of users Secondly by constructing a KE-TRIZ innovative design model the product appearance andfunction were innovatively designed and the contradictionbetween product appearance and function was analyzed tomake it well matched 0en taking the innovative design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as an example the applicationflow was described and the typical samples and designscheme were evaluated by the AHP which shows that themethod has obvious improvement in function and ap-pearance 0e KE-TRIZ method enables designers to designproducts more in line with the actual needs of users which iseffective and feasible for the innovative design of agriculturalmachinery
0e follow-up work is to further explore the integrationof technology cost and other multi-objective-driven in-novative designs of agricultural machinery products in orderto improve the applicability and integrity of the method
Data Availability
All data generated and analyzed during this study are in-cluded within the article
Conflicts of Interest
0e authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest
Authorsrsquo Contributions
Jian-wei Wang conceived and designed the study Jian-minZhang completed the design evaluation Jian-wei Wangcompleted product modeling Jian-min Zhang revised andpolished the manuscript All authors have read and ap-proved the final manuscript All authors contributed equallyto this work
Acknowledgments
0is work was supported by the Guizhou Natural ScienceFund Project (Guizhou Technology Cooperation SupportProgram (2017)1047) the Guizhou Science and TechnologyMajor Project (LH(2014)7629 LH(2016)7432 and LH(2017)7232) and the Academic New Seedling Cultivation andInnovation Exploration Specialization of Guizhou Univer-sity (Guizhou Platform Talents (2017)5788)
References
[1] G Q Yao C Q Xue and H Y Wang ldquoDesign method forcoach styling design based on image cognitionrdquo Journal ofSoutheast University Natural Science Edition vol 46 no 6pp 1198ndash1203 2016
[2] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei Engineering a new ergonomicconsumer-oriented technology for product developmentrdquoInternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 15 no 1pp 3ndash11 1995
[3] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei engineering as a powerful consumer-orientied technology for product developmentrdquo Applied Er-gonomics vol 33 no 3 pp 289ndash294 2002
[4] C E GolnooshRasoulifar and P Guy ldquoCommunicatingconsumer needs in the design process of branded productsrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015
[5] Y T Fu and S J Luo ldquoStyle perception-oriented productfamily shape gene designrdquo Comtuter IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 18 no 3 pp 449ndash457 2012
[6] L N Abdala R B Fernandes A Ogliari M Lower andJ Feldhusen ldquoCreative contributions of the methods of in-ventive principles of TRIZ and BioTRIZ to problem solvingrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 139 no 8 2017
[7] S Kim and B Yoon ldquoDeveloping a process of conceptgeneration for new product-service systems a QFD and
Table 14 Overall ranking result and average value of the third layer
Scheme Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 Scheme 5Expert 1 0048558458 0167268103 0083016534 0281635216 0419521689Expert 2 0072929489 0148099162 0051450184 0288521951 0438999215Expert 3 0070614603 0123757406 0050002922 0302460164 0453164905Expert 4 0070748371 0127513198 0049909632 0335077088 041675171Average value 006571273 0141659467 0058594818 0301923605 043210938
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 17
TRIZ-based approachrdquo Service Business vol 6 no 3pp 323ndash348 2012
[8] R H Tan R H Zhang F Liu and B J Yang ldquoTwo stagesanalogy-based conceptual design based on TRIZrdquo ComputerIntergrated Manufacturing Systems vol 12 no 3 pp 328ndash334 2006
[9] X Z Liu G N Qi J Z Fu B B Fan and J Xu ldquoA designprocess model of intergrated morphlolgical matrix andconflict resolving principlesrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 46 no 12 pp 2243ndash2258 2012
[10] Y H Cohen Y Reich and S Greenberg ldquoBiomineticsstructure-function patterns approachrdquo Journal of MechanicalDesign vol 136 no 11 2014
[11] L L Sun and F S Kong ldquoVisual comfort design of automobileseat based on Kansei engineering and TRIZ theoryrdquo Journal ofJinlin University Engineering and Technology Edition vol 44no 1 pp 106ndash110 2014
[12] W Chen C S Carolyn and Y Bernard ldquoSpecial issue userneeds and preferences in engineering designrdquo Journal ofMechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015
[13] Y X Huang C-H Chen and L P Khoo ldquoProducts clas-sification in emotional design using a basic-emotion basedsemantic differential methodrdquo International Journal of In-dustrial Ergonomics vol 42 no 6 pp 569ndash580 2012
[14] W Lu and J-F Petiot ldquoAffective design of products using anaudio-based protocol application to eyeglass framerdquo In-ternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 44 no 3pp 383ndash394 2014
[15] V Chulvi M C Gonzalez-Cruz E Mulet and J Aguilar-Zambrano ldquoInfluence of the type of idea-generation methodon the creativity of solutionsrdquo Research in Engineering Designvol 24 no 1 pp 33ndash41 2013
[16] B Mannan and Abid Haleem ldquoUnderstanding major di-mensions and determinants that help in diffusion amp adoptionof product innovation using AHP approachrdquo Journal ofGlobal Entrepreneurship Research vol 7 no 1 pp 1ndash24 2017
[17] T Wang and M R Liu ldquoApplication of QFD and AHP inrailway freight transportationrdquo Computer IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 24 no 1 pp 264ndash271 2018
[18] H-N Hsish J F Chen and Q H Du ldquoApplying TRIZ andfuzzy AHP based on lean production to develop an innovativedesign of a new shape for machine toolsrdquo Information vol 6no 1 pp 89ndash110 2015
[19] L-C Chen and L Lin ldquoOptimization of product configu-ration design using functional requirements and constraintsrdquoResearch in Engineering Design vol 13 no 3 pp 167ndash1822002
[20] Y Li M-D Shieh C-C Yang and L Zhu ldquoApplication offuzzy-based hybrid taguchi method for multiobjective opti-mization of product form designrdquo Mathematical Problems inEngineering vol 2018 Article ID 9091514 18 pages 2018
[21] Y Q Xu K Chen H B Qin and Z Y Wang ldquoStudy on theapplication of Kansei engineering in product form designrdquoApplied Mechanics and Materials vol 274 pp 513ndash516 2013
[22] S Hede P V Ferreira M N Lopes and L A Rocha ldquoTRIZand the paradigms of social sustainability in product devel-opment endeavorsrdquo Procedia Engineering vol 131 pp 522ndash538 2015
[23] Z Liu D Hu Y Gao et al ldquoTRIZ based revised design fordisassembly of joint structurerdquo Journal of Mechanical Engi-neering vol 48 no 11 pp 65ndash71 2012
[24] X Ji X J Gu F Dai et al ldquoBioTRIZ-based product in-novative design processrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 48 no 1 pp 35ndash41 2014
[25] X L Li W Zhao Y K Zheng R Wang and C WangldquoInnovative product design based on comprehensive cus-tomer requirements of different cognitive levelsrdquo lte Sci-entific World Journal vol 2014 Article ID 627093 11 pages2014
[26] G D Zhai Z H Liang and M Y Li ldquoStudy on the Opti-mization model of a flexible transmissionrdquo MathematicalProblems in Engineering vol 2019 Article ID 508457312 pages 2019
18 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
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Table 7 Number of times inventive principles are used by improving shape parameters
Principle ofinvention Num Principle of
invention Num Principle of invention Num Principle of invention Num
1 Segmentation 9 11 Cushion inadvance 0 21 Rushing through 0 31 Use of Porous material 0
2 Extraction 5 12 Equipotentiality 0 22 Convert harm into benefit 4 32 Changing the color 73 Localconditions 2 13 Inversion 4 23 Feedback 0 33 Homogeneity 1
4 Asymmetry 5 14 Spheroidality 9 24 Mediator 0 34 Rejecting and regeneratingparts 7
5 Combining 3 15 Dynamicity 9 25 Self-service 1 35 Transformation of physicaland chemical states of an object 6
6 Universality 2 16 Partial oroverdone action 2 26 Copying 4 36 Phase transition 1
7 Nesting 2 17 Moving to a newdimension 3
27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive
durable one0 37 0ermal expansion 1
8 Counterweight 1 18 Mechanicalvibration 2 28 Replacement of a mechanical
system 3 38 Using strong oxidizers 0
9 Prior counter 1 19 Periodic action 1 29 Use a pneumatic or hydraulicconstruction 5 39 Inert environment 1
10 Prior action 10 20 Continuity ofuseful action 0 30 Flexible film or hydraulic
construction 2 40 Composite materials 5
Table 8 Description of appearance improvements of hand-held rotary tiller
Appearance Original understanding Description of improvement
Dynamic
Segmentation curved surfacedynamic characteristicsphysicalchemical change
combination
Curved surface design geometric scale bright andrefreshing feeling
Harmonious
Preactiondiscard or regenerate
extractionpneumatic and hydraulic structures
spatial dimension changemechanical system substitution
Parametric design concise and harmonious matchcolors for design the sense of volume in geometric
form
Individual
Change the colorcompositeasymmetry
spatial dimension change
Reasonable division of the layout systematic designchange harmful factors to favourable factors
All the original understandings come from TRIZ theory
(a) (b)
Figure 3 Hand drawing of the hand-held rotary tiller
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 9
bull head has been reinterpreted into the modern image ofbull head as shown in Figure 6 It expressed the traditionalcultivation culture Finally we used computer-aided in-dustrial design software to model the hand-held rotary tillerwith this image and obtained an innovative conceptualdesign scheme as shown in Figures 7 and 8
33 Design Evaluation for Hand-Held Rotary Tiller In orderto verify the reliability and innovation of conceptual designa conceptual scheme evaluation map was made with four
typical samples as shown in Figure 9 0e weight of fiveschemes were calculated by the AHP and construction ofjudgment matrix and the evaluation results of conceptualdesign scheme and other typical sample schemes were ob-tained [24]
0ree aspects of the 5 schemes modeling function andcolor matching were evaluated to find out an innovativehand-held rotary tiller design scheme (see Figure 10) In thiswork the evaluation weight was confirmed by several ex-perts including two industrial design experts and two ag-ricultural machinery design experts 0e results were more
Switch Hand connecting rod Motor
Chassis
GearingWheel
Handle
Rotary blade
Vegetation
Soil
Hold Support
Support
Control
Hold
SupportControl Control
DriveSupport
Support
Obstacle
Obstacle
Adhesion
Adhesion
Conrol
Control
Control
System component
Hypersystem component
Object
Normal functionInadequate function
Harmful function
Figure 4 System component function analysis of the hand-held rotary tiller
Table 9 Analysis on engineering parameters of hand-held rotary tillers
Emotionalwords Function Improvement factors Deteriorating factors TRIZ solution
SafetySafety (27) Reliability
(9) Speed 1 Segmentation 11 Cushion in advance21 Rushing through 16 Partial or
overdone action 28 Replacement of amechanical system 35 Transformation ofphysical and chemical states of an object
(12) Shape
Antivibration (31) Harmful factors sideeffects (36) Complexity of device 1 Segmentation 19 Periodic action 31
Use of porous materials
Comfortable Antiskid (27) Reliability (30) Harmful factors acting onobject
2 Extraction 27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive durable one
35 Transformation of physical andchemical states of an object 40 Composite
materials
Practical Practical (35) Adaptability (36) Complexity of equipment
15 Dynamicity 28 Replacement of amechanical system 29 Use a pneumatic or
hydraulic construction 37 0ermalexpansion
All Arabic numerals in Table 9 are the serial numbers in the TRIZ conflict matrix
10 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
objective because both of them were very familiar with thehand-held rotary tiller [25] And several judgment matriceswere constructed according to the data of questionnaires0rough the evaluation matrix the designer determines therequirement weighting coefficients of the criterion layer andthe scheme layer
331 Construction of Judgment Matrix
(1) Constructing judgment matrix As1 of the criterionlayer (s 1 2 3 and 4 where s stands for expert t 12 3 4 5 and 6 where t stands for scheme)
A11
1 315
13
15
1
13
113
13
15
13
5 3 1 3 1 5
3 313
113
5
5 5 1 3 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Table 10 Functional principles of the hand-held rotary tiller
Function Principle Principle elaboration
Safety
Replacement of a mechanical system Cushion in advance
Segmentation Rushing through
Partial or overdone action Transformation of physical and chemical states of an
object
Replacement of a mechanical system was currently arelatively new idea that can be tracked further
Cushion in advance was less innovative but it neededstudying
Segmentation rushing through and partial oroverdone action were not useful for safetyIt was not necessary to increase the cost for
transformation of physical and chemical states of anobject
AntivibrationUse of porous materials
Periodic action Segmentation
Use of porous materials was useful for buffervibrations Periodic action may cause resonance
Segmentation was not appropriate for Antivibration
Antiskid
Composite materials An inexpensive short-life object instead of an
expensive durable oneTransformation of physical and chemical states of an
object Extraction
Composite materials can be considered emphatically0e inventive principle of cheap alternatives was
needed further analysis 0e principle thattransformation of physical and chemical states of ahand-held rotary tiller may increase costs was not
taken into accountExtraction was not very suitable for the product
Practical
Dynamicity Replacement of a mechanical system
Use a pneumatic or hydraulic construction0ermal expansion
Dynamicity deserves to be considered and used0e inventive principle of replacing mechanical systemsusing pneumatic or hydraulic structures can continue to
be tracked 0ermal expansion can be excludedAll the principles come from the 40 original principles of TRIZ
Table 11 Description of technical improvements of the hand-held rotary tiller
Principle name Description of improvement
Replacement of a mechanical system0epressure sensor in the handle of the hand-held rotary tiller can detect the pressure of theoperatorrsquos hands on the handle When an accident occurs the single chip microcomputer
built in the hand-held rotary tiller will cut off the motor and stop the work
Use of porous materials Porous materials can be used for sound insulation but also can reduce the quality andvibration of hand-held rotary tiller
Composite materials 0e composite material can be used to improve the strength and rigidity of the machineand reduce the quality of the hand-held rotary tiller
Dynamicity Hand-held connecting rod was adjustable Rotary tiller blade can be replaced
Table 12 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotarytillers
A11minus B A21minus B A31minus B A41minus B
ω(2)s1
00608 00470 00460 0052400348 00278 00460 0029003419 04242 03953 0413901597 01275 00985 0133003419 03233 03569 0315500608 00502 00573 00561
λmax 65433 65882 65313 65504CI 01087 01176 01063 01101CR 00876 00949 00857 00888 Accept
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 11
Chassis Motor
Rotary bladeWheel
Gearing
Handle
Wire Pressure sensors
Hand connecting rod
Monochip computers
Height adjustable
Replacement of blade
Figure 5 Functional system diagram of the hand-held rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
Figure 6 Iterative design of front face pattern of the rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c)
Figure 7 Conceptual design scheme of the hand-held rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Figure 8 Color series of the hand-held rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
Figure 9 Typical sample schemes and conceptual design scheme (a) Scheme 1 (b) Scheme 2 (c) Scheme 3 (d) Scheme 4 (e) Scheme 5
12 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
A21
1 317
13
17
1
13
115
13
15
13
7 5 1 5 1 7
3 315
113
5
7 5 1 3 1 3
1 317
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
A31
1 115
13
15
1
1 115
115
13
5 5 1 5 1 5
3 115
115
5
5 5 1 5 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
A41
1 317
13
15
1
13
115
13
15
13
7 5 1 5 1 5
3 315
113
5
5 5 1 3 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
(5)
(2) Constructing judgment matrix Bst of the schemelayer
B11
113
315
15
3 1 5 3 1
13
15
117
17
515
7 1 1
5 1 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B21
113
315
15
3 1 5 113
13
15
113
13
5 1 7 1 1
5 3 3 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B31
113
515
15
3 1 3 1 13
15
13
115
17
5 1 5 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Target layer Selection of innovation scheme for hand-held rotary tiller
Criterionlayer
B1Harmonious
B2Dynamic
B3Safety
B4Comfortable
B5Practical
B6Individual
Schemelayer
C1Scheme 1
C2Scheme 2
C3Scheme 3
C1Scheme 1
C5Scheme 5
Figure 10 Hierarchical model of the hand-held rotary tiller
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 13
B41
113
315
13
3 1 515
13
13
15
115
15
5 5 5 1 3
3 3 513
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B12
113
15
15
15
3 1 3 5 1
15
13
115
17
515
5 1 1
5 1 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B22
113
513
13
3 1 3 1 115
13
115
15
3 1 5 113
3 1 5 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B32
113
515
15
3 1 313
13
15
13
117
17
5 3 7 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B42
113
515
17
3 1 313
13
15
13
115
15
5 3 5 1 1
7 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B13
115
13
17
15
5 1 3 113
313
113
17
7 1 3 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B23
113
113
15
3 1 313
13
113
115
17
3 3 5 113
5 3 5 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B33
113
315
17
3 1 313
15
13
13
117
17
5 5 3 113
7 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B43
113
113
15
3 1 315
15
113
115
15
315
5 1 1
5 5 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B14
113
13
15
15
3 1 113
15
1 1 113
17
5 3 3 113
5 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
14 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
B24
113
315
15
3 1 313
13
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 1 3
5 3 713
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B34
113
517
15
3 1 515
13
15
15
117
15
7 5 7 1 1
5 3 3 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B44
113
315
15
3 1 313
13
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 1 1
5 3 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B15
113
13
17
17
3 1 115
13
3 1 113
15
7 5 3 1 1
7 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B25 5
113
315
17
3 1 313
15
13
15
117
17
5 3 7 113
7 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B35
113
313
15
3 1 113
15
1 1 117
17
3 3 7 1 1
5 5 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B45
113
315
17
3 1 113
15
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 113
7 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B16
113
315
15
3 1 5 113
13
15
117
15
5 1 7 1 1
5 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B26
113
313
15
3 1 713
13
15
17
115
17
3 3 5 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B36
113
315
15
3 1 513
15
13
15
113
17
5 3 3 113
5 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 15
B46
113
515
17
3 1 513
15
15
15
115
17
5 3 5 1 1
7 5 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
(6)
332 Hierarchical Sequencing and Consistency Verification0e maximum eigenvalue λmax 65433 of the judgmentmatrix A11 was obtained by calculation and it was normalizedto ω(2)
11 (00608 00348 03419 01597 03419 00608) 0esix elements of the criterion layer are harmony dynamicssafety comfort practicality and individuality Consistency testis to test the coordination of the importance of each elementCI value of less than 1 indicates that consistency of thejudgmentmatrix is passed and the results are listed in Table 12
0e element bstij in the judgment matrix Bst is the comparisonmeasure of the superiority ofPt to C in the scheme layer (hand-held rotary tiller) 0e weight ω(3)
1t the maximum eigenvalueλmax and the consistency index CI1t were calculated from thecomparison judgment matrix B1t of the third layer and theresults are listed in Table 130e average of the total ranking ofthe scheme layers is shown in Table 14
After calculation the weight coefficient P of the 4 sampleschemes and a new conceptual design scheme of the targetlayer was obtained P1(C1) 007 P2(C2) 014 P3(C3)
006 P4(C4) 030 and P5(C5) 043 where Pt(C1) is theweight coefficient of sample 1 and so on 0erefore theinnovative conceptual design scheme was selected from thefive schemes because the weight coefficient of the conceptualdesign scheme P5(C5) was the largest one 043 0ismethod is effective and feasible for the innovative design ofagricultural machinery
4 Discussion
In order to improve the comprehensive quality of functionalproducts and meet the needs of users for product
Table 13 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotary tiller
B11ndashC B12ndashC B13ndashC B14ndashC B15ndashC B16ndashC Expert 1ω(3)1t 00815 00497 00417 00496 00434 00796
03322 03482 02016 01062 01063 0209100414 00465 00795 00797 01063 0043302290 02244 02156 02518 03720 0308603159 03312 04616 05127 03720 03594
λmax 52876 53691 52469 50252 50939 52194CI 00719 00923 00617 00063 00235 00548CR 00642 00824 00551 00056 00210 00490 Accept
B21ndashC B22ndashC B23ndashC B24ndashC B25ndashC B26ndashC Expert 2ω(3)2t 00856 01172 00712 00749 00658 00927
02247 02547 01524 01425 01209 0170500611 00502 00643 00422 00396 0034702799 02265 02619 04503 02726 0247303487 03515 04502 02902 05012 04547
λmax 54208 53773 52144 52785 52742 54268CI 01052 00943 00536 00696 00685 01067CR 00939 00842 00479 00622 00612 00935 Accept
B31ndashC B32ndashC B33ndashC B34ndashC B35ndashC B36ndashC Expert 3ω(3)3t 00855 00826 00669 00758 00692 00744
01832 01419 01231 01393 01074 0141600420 00379 00403 00359 00680 0044802247 02890 02595 04186 03393 0243404646 04485 05102 03304 04162 04957
λmax 53965 54257 53429 54404 52374 54451CI 00991 01064 00857 01101 00594 01113CR 00885 00950 00765 00983 00530 00994 Accept
B41ndashC B42ndashC B43ndashC B44ndashC B45ndashC B46ndashC Expert 4ω(3)4t 00846 00805 00697 00762 00658 00758
01454 01480 01216 01450 01209 0139300444 00452 00629 00429 00396 0035904757 03509 03538 03679 02726 0330402499 03754 03919 03679 05012 04186
λmax 54118 54301 52748 51295 52742 54404CI 01029 01075 00687 00324 00684 01101CR 00919 00960 00613 00289 00612 00983 Accept
16 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
personalization this paper puts forward the improvementexplanation of appearance and function and obtains the in-novative design scheme by introducing KE and TRIZ0eAHPwas used to evaluate the innovative design scheme Combiningwith the design of hand-held rotary tiller the correspondinginnovative design scheme was obtained and the design processwas attempted to be extended to other products 0e maincontent of the literature study [8 25 26] focused on the userrequirements mining or conceptual design stage and the re-searchers have not studied the application of detailed designstage and the subsequent evaluation of innovative design 0ispaper establishes an innovative design model from user needsmining conceptual design detailed design computer-aideddesign and scheme evaluation which is convenient for de-signers to design and develop products and also has a goodreference for innovative design of other products
However because the main research content of thispaper focuses on innovative design process the research onthe evaluation system of the scheme is insufficient In thefollowing work designers can introduce other design the-ories and methods to combine with existing research inorder to improve the process of innovative design
5 Conclusions
In order to improve the comprehensive quality of agricul-tural machinery products based on functional technologyand meet the needs of users the innovation design model ofagricultural machinery products based on KE-TRIZ wasconstructed
Firstly the designer used SD method and PCA methodto quantify and reduce the dimension of affective intentionwords aiming to select comprehensive variables repre-senting the needs of users Secondly by constructing a KE-TRIZ innovative design model the product appearance andfunction were innovatively designed and the contradictionbetween product appearance and function was analyzed tomake it well matched 0en taking the innovative design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as an example the applicationflow was described and the typical samples and designscheme were evaluated by the AHP which shows that themethod has obvious improvement in function and ap-pearance 0e KE-TRIZ method enables designers to designproducts more in line with the actual needs of users which iseffective and feasible for the innovative design of agriculturalmachinery
0e follow-up work is to further explore the integrationof technology cost and other multi-objective-driven in-novative designs of agricultural machinery products in orderto improve the applicability and integrity of the method
Data Availability
All data generated and analyzed during this study are in-cluded within the article
Conflicts of Interest
0e authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest
Authorsrsquo Contributions
Jian-wei Wang conceived and designed the study Jian-minZhang completed the design evaluation Jian-wei Wangcompleted product modeling Jian-min Zhang revised andpolished the manuscript All authors have read and ap-proved the final manuscript All authors contributed equallyto this work
Acknowledgments
0is work was supported by the Guizhou Natural ScienceFund Project (Guizhou Technology Cooperation SupportProgram (2017)1047) the Guizhou Science and TechnologyMajor Project (LH(2014)7629 LH(2016)7432 and LH(2017)7232) and the Academic New Seedling Cultivation andInnovation Exploration Specialization of Guizhou Univer-sity (Guizhou Platform Talents (2017)5788)
References
[1] G Q Yao C Q Xue and H Y Wang ldquoDesign method forcoach styling design based on image cognitionrdquo Journal ofSoutheast University Natural Science Edition vol 46 no 6pp 1198ndash1203 2016
[2] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei Engineering a new ergonomicconsumer-oriented technology for product developmentrdquoInternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 15 no 1pp 3ndash11 1995
[3] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei engineering as a powerful consumer-orientied technology for product developmentrdquo Applied Er-gonomics vol 33 no 3 pp 289ndash294 2002
[4] C E GolnooshRasoulifar and P Guy ldquoCommunicatingconsumer needs in the design process of branded productsrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015
[5] Y T Fu and S J Luo ldquoStyle perception-oriented productfamily shape gene designrdquo Comtuter IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 18 no 3 pp 449ndash457 2012
[6] L N Abdala R B Fernandes A Ogliari M Lower andJ Feldhusen ldquoCreative contributions of the methods of in-ventive principles of TRIZ and BioTRIZ to problem solvingrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 139 no 8 2017
[7] S Kim and B Yoon ldquoDeveloping a process of conceptgeneration for new product-service systems a QFD and
Table 14 Overall ranking result and average value of the third layer
Scheme Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 Scheme 5Expert 1 0048558458 0167268103 0083016534 0281635216 0419521689Expert 2 0072929489 0148099162 0051450184 0288521951 0438999215Expert 3 0070614603 0123757406 0050002922 0302460164 0453164905Expert 4 0070748371 0127513198 0049909632 0335077088 041675171Average value 006571273 0141659467 0058594818 0301923605 043210938
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 17
TRIZ-based approachrdquo Service Business vol 6 no 3pp 323ndash348 2012
[8] R H Tan R H Zhang F Liu and B J Yang ldquoTwo stagesanalogy-based conceptual design based on TRIZrdquo ComputerIntergrated Manufacturing Systems vol 12 no 3 pp 328ndash334 2006
[9] X Z Liu G N Qi J Z Fu B B Fan and J Xu ldquoA designprocess model of intergrated morphlolgical matrix andconflict resolving principlesrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 46 no 12 pp 2243ndash2258 2012
[10] Y H Cohen Y Reich and S Greenberg ldquoBiomineticsstructure-function patterns approachrdquo Journal of MechanicalDesign vol 136 no 11 2014
[11] L L Sun and F S Kong ldquoVisual comfort design of automobileseat based on Kansei engineering and TRIZ theoryrdquo Journal ofJinlin University Engineering and Technology Edition vol 44no 1 pp 106ndash110 2014
[12] W Chen C S Carolyn and Y Bernard ldquoSpecial issue userneeds and preferences in engineering designrdquo Journal ofMechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015
[13] Y X Huang C-H Chen and L P Khoo ldquoProducts clas-sification in emotional design using a basic-emotion basedsemantic differential methodrdquo International Journal of In-dustrial Ergonomics vol 42 no 6 pp 569ndash580 2012
[14] W Lu and J-F Petiot ldquoAffective design of products using anaudio-based protocol application to eyeglass framerdquo In-ternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 44 no 3pp 383ndash394 2014
[15] V Chulvi M C Gonzalez-Cruz E Mulet and J Aguilar-Zambrano ldquoInfluence of the type of idea-generation methodon the creativity of solutionsrdquo Research in Engineering Designvol 24 no 1 pp 33ndash41 2013
[16] B Mannan and Abid Haleem ldquoUnderstanding major di-mensions and determinants that help in diffusion amp adoptionof product innovation using AHP approachrdquo Journal ofGlobal Entrepreneurship Research vol 7 no 1 pp 1ndash24 2017
[17] T Wang and M R Liu ldquoApplication of QFD and AHP inrailway freight transportationrdquo Computer IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 24 no 1 pp 264ndash271 2018
[18] H-N Hsish J F Chen and Q H Du ldquoApplying TRIZ andfuzzy AHP based on lean production to develop an innovativedesign of a new shape for machine toolsrdquo Information vol 6no 1 pp 89ndash110 2015
[19] L-C Chen and L Lin ldquoOptimization of product configu-ration design using functional requirements and constraintsrdquoResearch in Engineering Design vol 13 no 3 pp 167ndash1822002
[20] Y Li M-D Shieh C-C Yang and L Zhu ldquoApplication offuzzy-based hybrid taguchi method for multiobjective opti-mization of product form designrdquo Mathematical Problems inEngineering vol 2018 Article ID 9091514 18 pages 2018
[21] Y Q Xu K Chen H B Qin and Z Y Wang ldquoStudy on theapplication of Kansei engineering in product form designrdquoApplied Mechanics and Materials vol 274 pp 513ndash516 2013
[22] S Hede P V Ferreira M N Lopes and L A Rocha ldquoTRIZand the paradigms of social sustainability in product devel-opment endeavorsrdquo Procedia Engineering vol 131 pp 522ndash538 2015
[23] Z Liu D Hu Y Gao et al ldquoTRIZ based revised design fordisassembly of joint structurerdquo Journal of Mechanical Engi-neering vol 48 no 11 pp 65ndash71 2012
[24] X Ji X J Gu F Dai et al ldquoBioTRIZ-based product in-novative design processrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 48 no 1 pp 35ndash41 2014
[25] X L Li W Zhao Y K Zheng R Wang and C WangldquoInnovative product design based on comprehensive cus-tomer requirements of different cognitive levelsrdquo lte Sci-entific World Journal vol 2014 Article ID 627093 11 pages2014
[26] G D Zhai Z H Liang and M Y Li ldquoStudy on the Opti-mization model of a flexible transmissionrdquo MathematicalProblems in Engineering vol 2019 Article ID 508457312 pages 2019
18 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
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bull head has been reinterpreted into the modern image ofbull head as shown in Figure 6 It expressed the traditionalcultivation culture Finally we used computer-aided in-dustrial design software to model the hand-held rotary tillerwith this image and obtained an innovative conceptualdesign scheme as shown in Figures 7 and 8
33 Design Evaluation for Hand-Held Rotary Tiller In orderto verify the reliability and innovation of conceptual designa conceptual scheme evaluation map was made with four
typical samples as shown in Figure 9 0e weight of fiveschemes were calculated by the AHP and construction ofjudgment matrix and the evaluation results of conceptualdesign scheme and other typical sample schemes were ob-tained [24]
0ree aspects of the 5 schemes modeling function andcolor matching were evaluated to find out an innovativehand-held rotary tiller design scheme (see Figure 10) In thiswork the evaluation weight was confirmed by several ex-perts including two industrial design experts and two ag-ricultural machinery design experts 0e results were more
Switch Hand connecting rod Motor
Chassis
GearingWheel
Handle
Rotary blade
Vegetation
Soil
Hold Support
Support
Control
Hold
SupportControl Control
DriveSupport
Support
Obstacle
Obstacle
Adhesion
Adhesion
Conrol
Control
Control
System component
Hypersystem component
Object
Normal functionInadequate function
Harmful function
Figure 4 System component function analysis of the hand-held rotary tiller
Table 9 Analysis on engineering parameters of hand-held rotary tillers
Emotionalwords Function Improvement factors Deteriorating factors TRIZ solution
SafetySafety (27) Reliability
(9) Speed 1 Segmentation 11 Cushion in advance21 Rushing through 16 Partial or
overdone action 28 Replacement of amechanical system 35 Transformation ofphysical and chemical states of an object
(12) Shape
Antivibration (31) Harmful factors sideeffects (36) Complexity of device 1 Segmentation 19 Periodic action 31
Use of porous materials
Comfortable Antiskid (27) Reliability (30) Harmful factors acting onobject
2 Extraction 27 An inexpensive short-lifeobject instead of an expensive durable one
35 Transformation of physical andchemical states of an object 40 Composite
materials
Practical Practical (35) Adaptability (36) Complexity of equipment
15 Dynamicity 28 Replacement of amechanical system 29 Use a pneumatic or
hydraulic construction 37 0ermalexpansion
All Arabic numerals in Table 9 are the serial numbers in the TRIZ conflict matrix
10 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
objective because both of them were very familiar with thehand-held rotary tiller [25] And several judgment matriceswere constructed according to the data of questionnaires0rough the evaluation matrix the designer determines therequirement weighting coefficients of the criterion layer andthe scheme layer
331 Construction of Judgment Matrix
(1) Constructing judgment matrix As1 of the criterionlayer (s 1 2 3 and 4 where s stands for expert t 12 3 4 5 and 6 where t stands for scheme)
A11
1 315
13
15
1
13
113
13
15
13
5 3 1 3 1 5
3 313
113
5
5 5 1 3 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Table 10 Functional principles of the hand-held rotary tiller
Function Principle Principle elaboration
Safety
Replacement of a mechanical system Cushion in advance
Segmentation Rushing through
Partial or overdone action Transformation of physical and chemical states of an
object
Replacement of a mechanical system was currently arelatively new idea that can be tracked further
Cushion in advance was less innovative but it neededstudying
Segmentation rushing through and partial oroverdone action were not useful for safetyIt was not necessary to increase the cost for
transformation of physical and chemical states of anobject
AntivibrationUse of porous materials
Periodic action Segmentation
Use of porous materials was useful for buffervibrations Periodic action may cause resonance
Segmentation was not appropriate for Antivibration
Antiskid
Composite materials An inexpensive short-life object instead of an
expensive durable oneTransformation of physical and chemical states of an
object Extraction
Composite materials can be considered emphatically0e inventive principle of cheap alternatives was
needed further analysis 0e principle thattransformation of physical and chemical states of ahand-held rotary tiller may increase costs was not
taken into accountExtraction was not very suitable for the product
Practical
Dynamicity Replacement of a mechanical system
Use a pneumatic or hydraulic construction0ermal expansion
Dynamicity deserves to be considered and used0e inventive principle of replacing mechanical systemsusing pneumatic or hydraulic structures can continue to
be tracked 0ermal expansion can be excludedAll the principles come from the 40 original principles of TRIZ
Table 11 Description of technical improvements of the hand-held rotary tiller
Principle name Description of improvement
Replacement of a mechanical system0epressure sensor in the handle of the hand-held rotary tiller can detect the pressure of theoperatorrsquos hands on the handle When an accident occurs the single chip microcomputer
built in the hand-held rotary tiller will cut off the motor and stop the work
Use of porous materials Porous materials can be used for sound insulation but also can reduce the quality andvibration of hand-held rotary tiller
Composite materials 0e composite material can be used to improve the strength and rigidity of the machineand reduce the quality of the hand-held rotary tiller
Dynamicity Hand-held connecting rod was adjustable Rotary tiller blade can be replaced
Table 12 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotarytillers
A11minus B A21minus B A31minus B A41minus B
ω(2)s1
00608 00470 00460 0052400348 00278 00460 0029003419 04242 03953 0413901597 01275 00985 0133003419 03233 03569 0315500608 00502 00573 00561
λmax 65433 65882 65313 65504CI 01087 01176 01063 01101CR 00876 00949 00857 00888 Accept
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 11
Chassis Motor
Rotary bladeWheel
Gearing
Handle
Wire Pressure sensors
Hand connecting rod
Monochip computers
Height adjustable
Replacement of blade
Figure 5 Functional system diagram of the hand-held rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
Figure 6 Iterative design of front face pattern of the rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c)
Figure 7 Conceptual design scheme of the hand-held rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Figure 8 Color series of the hand-held rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
Figure 9 Typical sample schemes and conceptual design scheme (a) Scheme 1 (b) Scheme 2 (c) Scheme 3 (d) Scheme 4 (e) Scheme 5
12 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
A21
1 317
13
17
1
13
115
13
15
13
7 5 1 5 1 7
3 315
113
5
7 5 1 3 1 3
1 317
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
A31
1 115
13
15
1
1 115
115
13
5 5 1 5 1 5
3 115
115
5
5 5 1 5 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
A41
1 317
13
15
1
13
115
13
15
13
7 5 1 5 1 5
3 315
113
5
5 5 1 3 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
(5)
(2) Constructing judgment matrix Bst of the schemelayer
B11
113
315
15
3 1 5 3 1
13
15
117
17
515
7 1 1
5 1 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B21
113
315
15
3 1 5 113
13
15
113
13
5 1 7 1 1
5 3 3 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B31
113
515
15
3 1 3 1 13
15
13
115
17
5 1 5 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Target layer Selection of innovation scheme for hand-held rotary tiller
Criterionlayer
B1Harmonious
B2Dynamic
B3Safety
B4Comfortable
B5Practical
B6Individual
Schemelayer
C1Scheme 1
C2Scheme 2
C3Scheme 3
C1Scheme 1
C5Scheme 5
Figure 10 Hierarchical model of the hand-held rotary tiller
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 13
B41
113
315
13
3 1 515
13
13
15
115
15
5 5 5 1 3
3 3 513
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B12
113
15
15
15
3 1 3 5 1
15
13
115
17
515
5 1 1
5 1 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B22
113
513
13
3 1 3 1 115
13
115
15
3 1 5 113
3 1 5 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B32
113
515
15
3 1 313
13
15
13
117
17
5 3 7 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B42
113
515
17
3 1 313
13
15
13
115
15
5 3 5 1 1
7 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B13
115
13
17
15
5 1 3 113
313
113
17
7 1 3 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B23
113
113
15
3 1 313
13
113
115
17
3 3 5 113
5 3 5 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B33
113
315
17
3 1 313
15
13
13
117
17
5 5 3 113
7 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B43
113
113
15
3 1 315
15
113
115
15
315
5 1 1
5 5 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B14
113
13
15
15
3 1 113
15
1 1 113
17
5 3 3 113
5 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
14 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
B24
113
315
15
3 1 313
13
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 1 3
5 3 713
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B34
113
517
15
3 1 515
13
15
15
117
15
7 5 7 1 1
5 3 3 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B44
113
315
15
3 1 313
13
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 1 1
5 3 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B15
113
13
17
17
3 1 115
13
3 1 113
15
7 5 3 1 1
7 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B25 5
113
315
17
3 1 313
15
13
15
117
17
5 3 7 113
7 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B35
113
313
15
3 1 113
15
1 1 117
17
3 3 7 1 1
5 5 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B45
113
315
17
3 1 113
15
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 113
7 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B16
113
315
15
3 1 5 113
13
15
117
15
5 1 7 1 1
5 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B26
113
313
15
3 1 713
13
15
17
115
17
3 3 5 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B36
113
315
15
3 1 513
15
13
15
113
17
5 3 3 113
5 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 15
B46
113
515
17
3 1 513
15
15
15
115
17
5 3 5 1 1
7 5 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
(6)
332 Hierarchical Sequencing and Consistency Verification0e maximum eigenvalue λmax 65433 of the judgmentmatrix A11 was obtained by calculation and it was normalizedto ω(2)
11 (00608 00348 03419 01597 03419 00608) 0esix elements of the criterion layer are harmony dynamicssafety comfort practicality and individuality Consistency testis to test the coordination of the importance of each elementCI value of less than 1 indicates that consistency of thejudgmentmatrix is passed and the results are listed in Table 12
0e element bstij in the judgment matrix Bst is the comparisonmeasure of the superiority ofPt to C in the scheme layer (hand-held rotary tiller) 0e weight ω(3)
1t the maximum eigenvalueλmax and the consistency index CI1t were calculated from thecomparison judgment matrix B1t of the third layer and theresults are listed in Table 130e average of the total ranking ofthe scheme layers is shown in Table 14
After calculation the weight coefficient P of the 4 sampleschemes and a new conceptual design scheme of the targetlayer was obtained P1(C1) 007 P2(C2) 014 P3(C3)
006 P4(C4) 030 and P5(C5) 043 where Pt(C1) is theweight coefficient of sample 1 and so on 0erefore theinnovative conceptual design scheme was selected from thefive schemes because the weight coefficient of the conceptualdesign scheme P5(C5) was the largest one 043 0ismethod is effective and feasible for the innovative design ofagricultural machinery
4 Discussion
In order to improve the comprehensive quality of functionalproducts and meet the needs of users for product
Table 13 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotary tiller
B11ndashC B12ndashC B13ndashC B14ndashC B15ndashC B16ndashC Expert 1ω(3)1t 00815 00497 00417 00496 00434 00796
03322 03482 02016 01062 01063 0209100414 00465 00795 00797 01063 0043302290 02244 02156 02518 03720 0308603159 03312 04616 05127 03720 03594
λmax 52876 53691 52469 50252 50939 52194CI 00719 00923 00617 00063 00235 00548CR 00642 00824 00551 00056 00210 00490 Accept
B21ndashC B22ndashC B23ndashC B24ndashC B25ndashC B26ndashC Expert 2ω(3)2t 00856 01172 00712 00749 00658 00927
02247 02547 01524 01425 01209 0170500611 00502 00643 00422 00396 0034702799 02265 02619 04503 02726 0247303487 03515 04502 02902 05012 04547
λmax 54208 53773 52144 52785 52742 54268CI 01052 00943 00536 00696 00685 01067CR 00939 00842 00479 00622 00612 00935 Accept
B31ndashC B32ndashC B33ndashC B34ndashC B35ndashC B36ndashC Expert 3ω(3)3t 00855 00826 00669 00758 00692 00744
01832 01419 01231 01393 01074 0141600420 00379 00403 00359 00680 0044802247 02890 02595 04186 03393 0243404646 04485 05102 03304 04162 04957
λmax 53965 54257 53429 54404 52374 54451CI 00991 01064 00857 01101 00594 01113CR 00885 00950 00765 00983 00530 00994 Accept
B41ndashC B42ndashC B43ndashC B44ndashC B45ndashC B46ndashC Expert 4ω(3)4t 00846 00805 00697 00762 00658 00758
01454 01480 01216 01450 01209 0139300444 00452 00629 00429 00396 0035904757 03509 03538 03679 02726 0330402499 03754 03919 03679 05012 04186
λmax 54118 54301 52748 51295 52742 54404CI 01029 01075 00687 00324 00684 01101CR 00919 00960 00613 00289 00612 00983 Accept
16 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
personalization this paper puts forward the improvementexplanation of appearance and function and obtains the in-novative design scheme by introducing KE and TRIZ0eAHPwas used to evaluate the innovative design scheme Combiningwith the design of hand-held rotary tiller the correspondinginnovative design scheme was obtained and the design processwas attempted to be extended to other products 0e maincontent of the literature study [8 25 26] focused on the userrequirements mining or conceptual design stage and the re-searchers have not studied the application of detailed designstage and the subsequent evaluation of innovative design 0ispaper establishes an innovative design model from user needsmining conceptual design detailed design computer-aideddesign and scheme evaluation which is convenient for de-signers to design and develop products and also has a goodreference for innovative design of other products
However because the main research content of thispaper focuses on innovative design process the research onthe evaluation system of the scheme is insufficient In thefollowing work designers can introduce other design the-ories and methods to combine with existing research inorder to improve the process of innovative design
5 Conclusions
In order to improve the comprehensive quality of agricul-tural machinery products based on functional technologyand meet the needs of users the innovation design model ofagricultural machinery products based on KE-TRIZ wasconstructed
Firstly the designer used SD method and PCA methodto quantify and reduce the dimension of affective intentionwords aiming to select comprehensive variables repre-senting the needs of users Secondly by constructing a KE-TRIZ innovative design model the product appearance andfunction were innovatively designed and the contradictionbetween product appearance and function was analyzed tomake it well matched 0en taking the innovative design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as an example the applicationflow was described and the typical samples and designscheme were evaluated by the AHP which shows that themethod has obvious improvement in function and ap-pearance 0e KE-TRIZ method enables designers to designproducts more in line with the actual needs of users which iseffective and feasible for the innovative design of agriculturalmachinery
0e follow-up work is to further explore the integrationof technology cost and other multi-objective-driven in-novative designs of agricultural machinery products in orderto improve the applicability and integrity of the method
Data Availability
All data generated and analyzed during this study are in-cluded within the article
Conflicts of Interest
0e authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest
Authorsrsquo Contributions
Jian-wei Wang conceived and designed the study Jian-minZhang completed the design evaluation Jian-wei Wangcompleted product modeling Jian-min Zhang revised andpolished the manuscript All authors have read and ap-proved the final manuscript All authors contributed equallyto this work
Acknowledgments
0is work was supported by the Guizhou Natural ScienceFund Project (Guizhou Technology Cooperation SupportProgram (2017)1047) the Guizhou Science and TechnologyMajor Project (LH(2014)7629 LH(2016)7432 and LH(2017)7232) and the Academic New Seedling Cultivation andInnovation Exploration Specialization of Guizhou Univer-sity (Guizhou Platform Talents (2017)5788)
References
[1] G Q Yao C Q Xue and H Y Wang ldquoDesign method forcoach styling design based on image cognitionrdquo Journal ofSoutheast University Natural Science Edition vol 46 no 6pp 1198ndash1203 2016
[2] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei Engineering a new ergonomicconsumer-oriented technology for product developmentrdquoInternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 15 no 1pp 3ndash11 1995
[3] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei engineering as a powerful consumer-orientied technology for product developmentrdquo Applied Er-gonomics vol 33 no 3 pp 289ndash294 2002
[4] C E GolnooshRasoulifar and P Guy ldquoCommunicatingconsumer needs in the design process of branded productsrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015
[5] Y T Fu and S J Luo ldquoStyle perception-oriented productfamily shape gene designrdquo Comtuter IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 18 no 3 pp 449ndash457 2012
[6] L N Abdala R B Fernandes A Ogliari M Lower andJ Feldhusen ldquoCreative contributions of the methods of in-ventive principles of TRIZ and BioTRIZ to problem solvingrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 139 no 8 2017
[7] S Kim and B Yoon ldquoDeveloping a process of conceptgeneration for new product-service systems a QFD and
Table 14 Overall ranking result and average value of the third layer
Scheme Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 Scheme 5Expert 1 0048558458 0167268103 0083016534 0281635216 0419521689Expert 2 0072929489 0148099162 0051450184 0288521951 0438999215Expert 3 0070614603 0123757406 0050002922 0302460164 0453164905Expert 4 0070748371 0127513198 0049909632 0335077088 041675171Average value 006571273 0141659467 0058594818 0301923605 043210938
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 17
TRIZ-based approachrdquo Service Business vol 6 no 3pp 323ndash348 2012
[8] R H Tan R H Zhang F Liu and B J Yang ldquoTwo stagesanalogy-based conceptual design based on TRIZrdquo ComputerIntergrated Manufacturing Systems vol 12 no 3 pp 328ndash334 2006
[9] X Z Liu G N Qi J Z Fu B B Fan and J Xu ldquoA designprocess model of intergrated morphlolgical matrix andconflict resolving principlesrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 46 no 12 pp 2243ndash2258 2012
[10] Y H Cohen Y Reich and S Greenberg ldquoBiomineticsstructure-function patterns approachrdquo Journal of MechanicalDesign vol 136 no 11 2014
[11] L L Sun and F S Kong ldquoVisual comfort design of automobileseat based on Kansei engineering and TRIZ theoryrdquo Journal ofJinlin University Engineering and Technology Edition vol 44no 1 pp 106ndash110 2014
[12] W Chen C S Carolyn and Y Bernard ldquoSpecial issue userneeds and preferences in engineering designrdquo Journal ofMechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015
[13] Y X Huang C-H Chen and L P Khoo ldquoProducts clas-sification in emotional design using a basic-emotion basedsemantic differential methodrdquo International Journal of In-dustrial Ergonomics vol 42 no 6 pp 569ndash580 2012
[14] W Lu and J-F Petiot ldquoAffective design of products using anaudio-based protocol application to eyeglass framerdquo In-ternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 44 no 3pp 383ndash394 2014
[15] V Chulvi M C Gonzalez-Cruz E Mulet and J Aguilar-Zambrano ldquoInfluence of the type of idea-generation methodon the creativity of solutionsrdquo Research in Engineering Designvol 24 no 1 pp 33ndash41 2013
[16] B Mannan and Abid Haleem ldquoUnderstanding major di-mensions and determinants that help in diffusion amp adoptionof product innovation using AHP approachrdquo Journal ofGlobal Entrepreneurship Research vol 7 no 1 pp 1ndash24 2017
[17] T Wang and M R Liu ldquoApplication of QFD and AHP inrailway freight transportationrdquo Computer IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 24 no 1 pp 264ndash271 2018
[18] H-N Hsish J F Chen and Q H Du ldquoApplying TRIZ andfuzzy AHP based on lean production to develop an innovativedesign of a new shape for machine toolsrdquo Information vol 6no 1 pp 89ndash110 2015
[19] L-C Chen and L Lin ldquoOptimization of product configu-ration design using functional requirements and constraintsrdquoResearch in Engineering Design vol 13 no 3 pp 167ndash1822002
[20] Y Li M-D Shieh C-C Yang and L Zhu ldquoApplication offuzzy-based hybrid taguchi method for multiobjective opti-mization of product form designrdquo Mathematical Problems inEngineering vol 2018 Article ID 9091514 18 pages 2018
[21] Y Q Xu K Chen H B Qin and Z Y Wang ldquoStudy on theapplication of Kansei engineering in product form designrdquoApplied Mechanics and Materials vol 274 pp 513ndash516 2013
[22] S Hede P V Ferreira M N Lopes and L A Rocha ldquoTRIZand the paradigms of social sustainability in product devel-opment endeavorsrdquo Procedia Engineering vol 131 pp 522ndash538 2015
[23] Z Liu D Hu Y Gao et al ldquoTRIZ based revised design fordisassembly of joint structurerdquo Journal of Mechanical Engi-neering vol 48 no 11 pp 65ndash71 2012
[24] X Ji X J Gu F Dai et al ldquoBioTRIZ-based product in-novative design processrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 48 no 1 pp 35ndash41 2014
[25] X L Li W Zhao Y K Zheng R Wang and C WangldquoInnovative product design based on comprehensive cus-tomer requirements of different cognitive levelsrdquo lte Sci-entific World Journal vol 2014 Article ID 627093 11 pages2014
[26] G D Zhai Z H Liang and M Y Li ldquoStudy on the Opti-mization model of a flexible transmissionrdquo MathematicalProblems in Engineering vol 2019 Article ID 508457312 pages 2019
18 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
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objective because both of them were very familiar with thehand-held rotary tiller [25] And several judgment matriceswere constructed according to the data of questionnaires0rough the evaluation matrix the designer determines therequirement weighting coefficients of the criterion layer andthe scheme layer
331 Construction of Judgment Matrix
(1) Constructing judgment matrix As1 of the criterionlayer (s 1 2 3 and 4 where s stands for expert t 12 3 4 5 and 6 where t stands for scheme)
A11
1 315
13
15
1
13
113
13
15
13
5 3 1 3 1 5
3 313
113
5
5 5 1 3 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Table 10 Functional principles of the hand-held rotary tiller
Function Principle Principle elaboration
Safety
Replacement of a mechanical system Cushion in advance
Segmentation Rushing through
Partial or overdone action Transformation of physical and chemical states of an
object
Replacement of a mechanical system was currently arelatively new idea that can be tracked further
Cushion in advance was less innovative but it neededstudying
Segmentation rushing through and partial oroverdone action were not useful for safetyIt was not necessary to increase the cost for
transformation of physical and chemical states of anobject
AntivibrationUse of porous materials
Periodic action Segmentation
Use of porous materials was useful for buffervibrations Periodic action may cause resonance
Segmentation was not appropriate for Antivibration
Antiskid
Composite materials An inexpensive short-life object instead of an
expensive durable oneTransformation of physical and chemical states of an
object Extraction
Composite materials can be considered emphatically0e inventive principle of cheap alternatives was
needed further analysis 0e principle thattransformation of physical and chemical states of ahand-held rotary tiller may increase costs was not
taken into accountExtraction was not very suitable for the product
Practical
Dynamicity Replacement of a mechanical system
Use a pneumatic or hydraulic construction0ermal expansion
Dynamicity deserves to be considered and used0e inventive principle of replacing mechanical systemsusing pneumatic or hydraulic structures can continue to
be tracked 0ermal expansion can be excludedAll the principles come from the 40 original principles of TRIZ
Table 11 Description of technical improvements of the hand-held rotary tiller
Principle name Description of improvement
Replacement of a mechanical system0epressure sensor in the handle of the hand-held rotary tiller can detect the pressure of theoperatorrsquos hands on the handle When an accident occurs the single chip microcomputer
built in the hand-held rotary tiller will cut off the motor and stop the work
Use of porous materials Porous materials can be used for sound insulation but also can reduce the quality andvibration of hand-held rotary tiller
Composite materials 0e composite material can be used to improve the strength and rigidity of the machineand reduce the quality of the hand-held rotary tiller
Dynamicity Hand-held connecting rod was adjustable Rotary tiller blade can be replaced
Table 12 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotarytillers
A11minus B A21minus B A31minus B A41minus B
ω(2)s1
00608 00470 00460 0052400348 00278 00460 0029003419 04242 03953 0413901597 01275 00985 0133003419 03233 03569 0315500608 00502 00573 00561
λmax 65433 65882 65313 65504CI 01087 01176 01063 01101CR 00876 00949 00857 00888 Accept
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 11
Chassis Motor
Rotary bladeWheel
Gearing
Handle
Wire Pressure sensors
Hand connecting rod
Monochip computers
Height adjustable
Replacement of blade
Figure 5 Functional system diagram of the hand-held rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
Figure 6 Iterative design of front face pattern of the rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c)
Figure 7 Conceptual design scheme of the hand-held rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Figure 8 Color series of the hand-held rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
Figure 9 Typical sample schemes and conceptual design scheme (a) Scheme 1 (b) Scheme 2 (c) Scheme 3 (d) Scheme 4 (e) Scheme 5
12 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
A21
1 317
13
17
1
13
115
13
15
13
7 5 1 5 1 7
3 315
113
5
7 5 1 3 1 3
1 317
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
A31
1 115
13
15
1
1 115
115
13
5 5 1 5 1 5
3 115
115
5
5 5 1 5 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
A41
1 317
13
15
1
13
115
13
15
13
7 5 1 5 1 5
3 315
113
5
5 5 1 3 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
(5)
(2) Constructing judgment matrix Bst of the schemelayer
B11
113
315
15
3 1 5 3 1
13
15
117
17
515
7 1 1
5 1 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B21
113
315
15
3 1 5 113
13
15
113
13
5 1 7 1 1
5 3 3 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B31
113
515
15
3 1 3 1 13
15
13
115
17
5 1 5 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Target layer Selection of innovation scheme for hand-held rotary tiller
Criterionlayer
B1Harmonious
B2Dynamic
B3Safety
B4Comfortable
B5Practical
B6Individual
Schemelayer
C1Scheme 1
C2Scheme 2
C3Scheme 3
C1Scheme 1
C5Scheme 5
Figure 10 Hierarchical model of the hand-held rotary tiller
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 13
B41
113
315
13
3 1 515
13
13
15
115
15
5 5 5 1 3
3 3 513
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B12
113
15
15
15
3 1 3 5 1
15
13
115
17
515
5 1 1
5 1 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B22
113
513
13
3 1 3 1 115
13
115
15
3 1 5 113
3 1 5 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B32
113
515
15
3 1 313
13
15
13
117
17
5 3 7 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B42
113
515
17
3 1 313
13
15
13
115
15
5 3 5 1 1
7 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B13
115
13
17
15
5 1 3 113
313
113
17
7 1 3 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B23
113
113
15
3 1 313
13
113
115
17
3 3 5 113
5 3 5 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B33
113
315
17
3 1 313
15
13
13
117
17
5 5 3 113
7 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B43
113
113
15
3 1 315
15
113
115
15
315
5 1 1
5 5 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B14
113
13
15
15
3 1 113
15
1 1 113
17
5 3 3 113
5 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
14 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
B24
113
315
15
3 1 313
13
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 1 3
5 3 713
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B34
113
517
15
3 1 515
13
15
15
117
15
7 5 7 1 1
5 3 3 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B44
113
315
15
3 1 313
13
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 1 1
5 3 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B15
113
13
17
17
3 1 115
13
3 1 113
15
7 5 3 1 1
7 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B25 5
113
315
17
3 1 313
15
13
15
117
17
5 3 7 113
7 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B35
113
313
15
3 1 113
15
1 1 117
17
3 3 7 1 1
5 5 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B45
113
315
17
3 1 113
15
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 113
7 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B16
113
315
15
3 1 5 113
13
15
117
15
5 1 7 1 1
5 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B26
113
313
15
3 1 713
13
15
17
115
17
3 3 5 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B36
113
315
15
3 1 513
15
13
15
113
17
5 3 3 113
5 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 15
B46
113
515
17
3 1 513
15
15
15
115
17
5 3 5 1 1
7 5 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
(6)
332 Hierarchical Sequencing and Consistency Verification0e maximum eigenvalue λmax 65433 of the judgmentmatrix A11 was obtained by calculation and it was normalizedto ω(2)
11 (00608 00348 03419 01597 03419 00608) 0esix elements of the criterion layer are harmony dynamicssafety comfort practicality and individuality Consistency testis to test the coordination of the importance of each elementCI value of less than 1 indicates that consistency of thejudgmentmatrix is passed and the results are listed in Table 12
0e element bstij in the judgment matrix Bst is the comparisonmeasure of the superiority ofPt to C in the scheme layer (hand-held rotary tiller) 0e weight ω(3)
1t the maximum eigenvalueλmax and the consistency index CI1t were calculated from thecomparison judgment matrix B1t of the third layer and theresults are listed in Table 130e average of the total ranking ofthe scheme layers is shown in Table 14
After calculation the weight coefficient P of the 4 sampleschemes and a new conceptual design scheme of the targetlayer was obtained P1(C1) 007 P2(C2) 014 P3(C3)
006 P4(C4) 030 and P5(C5) 043 where Pt(C1) is theweight coefficient of sample 1 and so on 0erefore theinnovative conceptual design scheme was selected from thefive schemes because the weight coefficient of the conceptualdesign scheme P5(C5) was the largest one 043 0ismethod is effective and feasible for the innovative design ofagricultural machinery
4 Discussion
In order to improve the comprehensive quality of functionalproducts and meet the needs of users for product
Table 13 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotary tiller
B11ndashC B12ndashC B13ndashC B14ndashC B15ndashC B16ndashC Expert 1ω(3)1t 00815 00497 00417 00496 00434 00796
03322 03482 02016 01062 01063 0209100414 00465 00795 00797 01063 0043302290 02244 02156 02518 03720 0308603159 03312 04616 05127 03720 03594
λmax 52876 53691 52469 50252 50939 52194CI 00719 00923 00617 00063 00235 00548CR 00642 00824 00551 00056 00210 00490 Accept
B21ndashC B22ndashC B23ndashC B24ndashC B25ndashC B26ndashC Expert 2ω(3)2t 00856 01172 00712 00749 00658 00927
02247 02547 01524 01425 01209 0170500611 00502 00643 00422 00396 0034702799 02265 02619 04503 02726 0247303487 03515 04502 02902 05012 04547
λmax 54208 53773 52144 52785 52742 54268CI 01052 00943 00536 00696 00685 01067CR 00939 00842 00479 00622 00612 00935 Accept
B31ndashC B32ndashC B33ndashC B34ndashC B35ndashC B36ndashC Expert 3ω(3)3t 00855 00826 00669 00758 00692 00744
01832 01419 01231 01393 01074 0141600420 00379 00403 00359 00680 0044802247 02890 02595 04186 03393 0243404646 04485 05102 03304 04162 04957
λmax 53965 54257 53429 54404 52374 54451CI 00991 01064 00857 01101 00594 01113CR 00885 00950 00765 00983 00530 00994 Accept
B41ndashC B42ndashC B43ndashC B44ndashC B45ndashC B46ndashC Expert 4ω(3)4t 00846 00805 00697 00762 00658 00758
01454 01480 01216 01450 01209 0139300444 00452 00629 00429 00396 0035904757 03509 03538 03679 02726 0330402499 03754 03919 03679 05012 04186
λmax 54118 54301 52748 51295 52742 54404CI 01029 01075 00687 00324 00684 01101CR 00919 00960 00613 00289 00612 00983 Accept
16 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
personalization this paper puts forward the improvementexplanation of appearance and function and obtains the in-novative design scheme by introducing KE and TRIZ0eAHPwas used to evaluate the innovative design scheme Combiningwith the design of hand-held rotary tiller the correspondinginnovative design scheme was obtained and the design processwas attempted to be extended to other products 0e maincontent of the literature study [8 25 26] focused on the userrequirements mining or conceptual design stage and the re-searchers have not studied the application of detailed designstage and the subsequent evaluation of innovative design 0ispaper establishes an innovative design model from user needsmining conceptual design detailed design computer-aideddesign and scheme evaluation which is convenient for de-signers to design and develop products and also has a goodreference for innovative design of other products
However because the main research content of thispaper focuses on innovative design process the research onthe evaluation system of the scheme is insufficient In thefollowing work designers can introduce other design the-ories and methods to combine with existing research inorder to improve the process of innovative design
5 Conclusions
In order to improve the comprehensive quality of agricul-tural machinery products based on functional technologyand meet the needs of users the innovation design model ofagricultural machinery products based on KE-TRIZ wasconstructed
Firstly the designer used SD method and PCA methodto quantify and reduce the dimension of affective intentionwords aiming to select comprehensive variables repre-senting the needs of users Secondly by constructing a KE-TRIZ innovative design model the product appearance andfunction were innovatively designed and the contradictionbetween product appearance and function was analyzed tomake it well matched 0en taking the innovative design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as an example the applicationflow was described and the typical samples and designscheme were evaluated by the AHP which shows that themethod has obvious improvement in function and ap-pearance 0e KE-TRIZ method enables designers to designproducts more in line with the actual needs of users which iseffective and feasible for the innovative design of agriculturalmachinery
0e follow-up work is to further explore the integrationof technology cost and other multi-objective-driven in-novative designs of agricultural machinery products in orderto improve the applicability and integrity of the method
Data Availability
All data generated and analyzed during this study are in-cluded within the article
Conflicts of Interest
0e authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest
Authorsrsquo Contributions
Jian-wei Wang conceived and designed the study Jian-minZhang completed the design evaluation Jian-wei Wangcompleted product modeling Jian-min Zhang revised andpolished the manuscript All authors have read and ap-proved the final manuscript All authors contributed equallyto this work
Acknowledgments
0is work was supported by the Guizhou Natural ScienceFund Project (Guizhou Technology Cooperation SupportProgram (2017)1047) the Guizhou Science and TechnologyMajor Project (LH(2014)7629 LH(2016)7432 and LH(2017)7232) and the Academic New Seedling Cultivation andInnovation Exploration Specialization of Guizhou Univer-sity (Guizhou Platform Talents (2017)5788)
References
[1] G Q Yao C Q Xue and H Y Wang ldquoDesign method forcoach styling design based on image cognitionrdquo Journal ofSoutheast University Natural Science Edition vol 46 no 6pp 1198ndash1203 2016
[2] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei Engineering a new ergonomicconsumer-oriented technology for product developmentrdquoInternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 15 no 1pp 3ndash11 1995
[3] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei engineering as a powerful consumer-orientied technology for product developmentrdquo Applied Er-gonomics vol 33 no 3 pp 289ndash294 2002
[4] C E GolnooshRasoulifar and P Guy ldquoCommunicatingconsumer needs in the design process of branded productsrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015
[5] Y T Fu and S J Luo ldquoStyle perception-oriented productfamily shape gene designrdquo Comtuter IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 18 no 3 pp 449ndash457 2012
[6] L N Abdala R B Fernandes A Ogliari M Lower andJ Feldhusen ldquoCreative contributions of the methods of in-ventive principles of TRIZ and BioTRIZ to problem solvingrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 139 no 8 2017
[7] S Kim and B Yoon ldquoDeveloping a process of conceptgeneration for new product-service systems a QFD and
Table 14 Overall ranking result and average value of the third layer
Scheme Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 Scheme 5Expert 1 0048558458 0167268103 0083016534 0281635216 0419521689Expert 2 0072929489 0148099162 0051450184 0288521951 0438999215Expert 3 0070614603 0123757406 0050002922 0302460164 0453164905Expert 4 0070748371 0127513198 0049909632 0335077088 041675171Average value 006571273 0141659467 0058594818 0301923605 043210938
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 17
TRIZ-based approachrdquo Service Business vol 6 no 3pp 323ndash348 2012
[8] R H Tan R H Zhang F Liu and B J Yang ldquoTwo stagesanalogy-based conceptual design based on TRIZrdquo ComputerIntergrated Manufacturing Systems vol 12 no 3 pp 328ndash334 2006
[9] X Z Liu G N Qi J Z Fu B B Fan and J Xu ldquoA designprocess model of intergrated morphlolgical matrix andconflict resolving principlesrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 46 no 12 pp 2243ndash2258 2012
[10] Y H Cohen Y Reich and S Greenberg ldquoBiomineticsstructure-function patterns approachrdquo Journal of MechanicalDesign vol 136 no 11 2014
[11] L L Sun and F S Kong ldquoVisual comfort design of automobileseat based on Kansei engineering and TRIZ theoryrdquo Journal ofJinlin University Engineering and Technology Edition vol 44no 1 pp 106ndash110 2014
[12] W Chen C S Carolyn and Y Bernard ldquoSpecial issue userneeds and preferences in engineering designrdquo Journal ofMechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015
[13] Y X Huang C-H Chen and L P Khoo ldquoProducts clas-sification in emotional design using a basic-emotion basedsemantic differential methodrdquo International Journal of In-dustrial Ergonomics vol 42 no 6 pp 569ndash580 2012
[14] W Lu and J-F Petiot ldquoAffective design of products using anaudio-based protocol application to eyeglass framerdquo In-ternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 44 no 3pp 383ndash394 2014
[15] V Chulvi M C Gonzalez-Cruz E Mulet and J Aguilar-Zambrano ldquoInfluence of the type of idea-generation methodon the creativity of solutionsrdquo Research in Engineering Designvol 24 no 1 pp 33ndash41 2013
[16] B Mannan and Abid Haleem ldquoUnderstanding major di-mensions and determinants that help in diffusion amp adoptionof product innovation using AHP approachrdquo Journal ofGlobal Entrepreneurship Research vol 7 no 1 pp 1ndash24 2017
[17] T Wang and M R Liu ldquoApplication of QFD and AHP inrailway freight transportationrdquo Computer IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 24 no 1 pp 264ndash271 2018
[18] H-N Hsish J F Chen and Q H Du ldquoApplying TRIZ andfuzzy AHP based on lean production to develop an innovativedesign of a new shape for machine toolsrdquo Information vol 6no 1 pp 89ndash110 2015
[19] L-C Chen and L Lin ldquoOptimization of product configu-ration design using functional requirements and constraintsrdquoResearch in Engineering Design vol 13 no 3 pp 167ndash1822002
[20] Y Li M-D Shieh C-C Yang and L Zhu ldquoApplication offuzzy-based hybrid taguchi method for multiobjective opti-mization of product form designrdquo Mathematical Problems inEngineering vol 2018 Article ID 9091514 18 pages 2018
[21] Y Q Xu K Chen H B Qin and Z Y Wang ldquoStudy on theapplication of Kansei engineering in product form designrdquoApplied Mechanics and Materials vol 274 pp 513ndash516 2013
[22] S Hede P V Ferreira M N Lopes and L A Rocha ldquoTRIZand the paradigms of social sustainability in product devel-opment endeavorsrdquo Procedia Engineering vol 131 pp 522ndash538 2015
[23] Z Liu D Hu Y Gao et al ldquoTRIZ based revised design fordisassembly of joint structurerdquo Journal of Mechanical Engi-neering vol 48 no 11 pp 65ndash71 2012
[24] X Ji X J Gu F Dai et al ldquoBioTRIZ-based product in-novative design processrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 48 no 1 pp 35ndash41 2014
[25] X L Li W Zhao Y K Zheng R Wang and C WangldquoInnovative product design based on comprehensive cus-tomer requirements of different cognitive levelsrdquo lte Sci-entific World Journal vol 2014 Article ID 627093 11 pages2014
[26] G D Zhai Z H Liang and M Y Li ldquoStudy on the Opti-mization model of a flexible transmissionrdquo MathematicalProblems in Engineering vol 2019 Article ID 508457312 pages 2019
18 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
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Chassis Motor
Rotary bladeWheel
Gearing
Handle
Wire Pressure sensors
Hand connecting rod
Monochip computers
Height adjustable
Replacement of blade
Figure 5 Functional system diagram of the hand-held rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
Figure 6 Iterative design of front face pattern of the rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c)
Figure 7 Conceptual design scheme of the hand-held rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Figure 8 Color series of the hand-held rotary tiller
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
Figure 9 Typical sample schemes and conceptual design scheme (a) Scheme 1 (b) Scheme 2 (c) Scheme 3 (d) Scheme 4 (e) Scheme 5
12 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
A21
1 317
13
17
1
13
115
13
15
13
7 5 1 5 1 7
3 315
113
5
7 5 1 3 1 3
1 317
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
A31
1 115
13
15
1
1 115
115
13
5 5 1 5 1 5
3 115
115
5
5 5 1 5 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
A41
1 317
13
15
1
13
115
13
15
13
7 5 1 5 1 5
3 315
113
5
5 5 1 3 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
(5)
(2) Constructing judgment matrix Bst of the schemelayer
B11
113
315
15
3 1 5 3 1
13
15
117
17
515
7 1 1
5 1 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B21
113
315
15
3 1 5 113
13
15
113
13
5 1 7 1 1
5 3 3 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B31
113
515
15
3 1 3 1 13
15
13
115
17
5 1 5 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Target layer Selection of innovation scheme for hand-held rotary tiller
Criterionlayer
B1Harmonious
B2Dynamic
B3Safety
B4Comfortable
B5Practical
B6Individual
Schemelayer
C1Scheme 1
C2Scheme 2
C3Scheme 3
C1Scheme 1
C5Scheme 5
Figure 10 Hierarchical model of the hand-held rotary tiller
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 13
B41
113
315
13
3 1 515
13
13
15
115
15
5 5 5 1 3
3 3 513
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B12
113
15
15
15
3 1 3 5 1
15
13
115
17
515
5 1 1
5 1 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B22
113
513
13
3 1 3 1 115
13
115
15
3 1 5 113
3 1 5 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B32
113
515
15
3 1 313
13
15
13
117
17
5 3 7 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B42
113
515
17
3 1 313
13
15
13
115
15
5 3 5 1 1
7 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B13
115
13
17
15
5 1 3 113
313
113
17
7 1 3 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B23
113
113
15
3 1 313
13
113
115
17
3 3 5 113
5 3 5 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B33
113
315
17
3 1 313
15
13
13
117
17
5 5 3 113
7 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B43
113
113
15
3 1 315
15
113
115
15
315
5 1 1
5 5 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B14
113
13
15
15
3 1 113
15
1 1 113
17
5 3 3 113
5 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
14 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
B24
113
315
15
3 1 313
13
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 1 3
5 3 713
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B34
113
517
15
3 1 515
13
15
15
117
15
7 5 7 1 1
5 3 3 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B44
113
315
15
3 1 313
13
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 1 1
5 3 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B15
113
13
17
17
3 1 115
13
3 1 113
15
7 5 3 1 1
7 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B25 5
113
315
17
3 1 313
15
13
15
117
17
5 3 7 113
7 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B35
113
313
15
3 1 113
15
1 1 117
17
3 3 7 1 1
5 5 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B45
113
315
17
3 1 113
15
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 113
7 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B16
113
315
15
3 1 5 113
13
15
117
15
5 1 7 1 1
5 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B26
113
313
15
3 1 713
13
15
17
115
17
3 3 5 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B36
113
315
15
3 1 513
15
13
15
113
17
5 3 3 113
5 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 15
B46
113
515
17
3 1 513
15
15
15
115
17
5 3 5 1 1
7 5 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
(6)
332 Hierarchical Sequencing and Consistency Verification0e maximum eigenvalue λmax 65433 of the judgmentmatrix A11 was obtained by calculation and it was normalizedto ω(2)
11 (00608 00348 03419 01597 03419 00608) 0esix elements of the criterion layer are harmony dynamicssafety comfort practicality and individuality Consistency testis to test the coordination of the importance of each elementCI value of less than 1 indicates that consistency of thejudgmentmatrix is passed and the results are listed in Table 12
0e element bstij in the judgment matrix Bst is the comparisonmeasure of the superiority ofPt to C in the scheme layer (hand-held rotary tiller) 0e weight ω(3)
1t the maximum eigenvalueλmax and the consistency index CI1t were calculated from thecomparison judgment matrix B1t of the third layer and theresults are listed in Table 130e average of the total ranking ofthe scheme layers is shown in Table 14
After calculation the weight coefficient P of the 4 sampleschemes and a new conceptual design scheme of the targetlayer was obtained P1(C1) 007 P2(C2) 014 P3(C3)
006 P4(C4) 030 and P5(C5) 043 where Pt(C1) is theweight coefficient of sample 1 and so on 0erefore theinnovative conceptual design scheme was selected from thefive schemes because the weight coefficient of the conceptualdesign scheme P5(C5) was the largest one 043 0ismethod is effective and feasible for the innovative design ofagricultural machinery
4 Discussion
In order to improve the comprehensive quality of functionalproducts and meet the needs of users for product
Table 13 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotary tiller
B11ndashC B12ndashC B13ndashC B14ndashC B15ndashC B16ndashC Expert 1ω(3)1t 00815 00497 00417 00496 00434 00796
03322 03482 02016 01062 01063 0209100414 00465 00795 00797 01063 0043302290 02244 02156 02518 03720 0308603159 03312 04616 05127 03720 03594
λmax 52876 53691 52469 50252 50939 52194CI 00719 00923 00617 00063 00235 00548CR 00642 00824 00551 00056 00210 00490 Accept
B21ndashC B22ndashC B23ndashC B24ndashC B25ndashC B26ndashC Expert 2ω(3)2t 00856 01172 00712 00749 00658 00927
02247 02547 01524 01425 01209 0170500611 00502 00643 00422 00396 0034702799 02265 02619 04503 02726 0247303487 03515 04502 02902 05012 04547
λmax 54208 53773 52144 52785 52742 54268CI 01052 00943 00536 00696 00685 01067CR 00939 00842 00479 00622 00612 00935 Accept
B31ndashC B32ndashC B33ndashC B34ndashC B35ndashC B36ndashC Expert 3ω(3)3t 00855 00826 00669 00758 00692 00744
01832 01419 01231 01393 01074 0141600420 00379 00403 00359 00680 0044802247 02890 02595 04186 03393 0243404646 04485 05102 03304 04162 04957
λmax 53965 54257 53429 54404 52374 54451CI 00991 01064 00857 01101 00594 01113CR 00885 00950 00765 00983 00530 00994 Accept
B41ndashC B42ndashC B43ndashC B44ndashC B45ndashC B46ndashC Expert 4ω(3)4t 00846 00805 00697 00762 00658 00758
01454 01480 01216 01450 01209 0139300444 00452 00629 00429 00396 0035904757 03509 03538 03679 02726 0330402499 03754 03919 03679 05012 04186
λmax 54118 54301 52748 51295 52742 54404CI 01029 01075 00687 00324 00684 01101CR 00919 00960 00613 00289 00612 00983 Accept
16 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
personalization this paper puts forward the improvementexplanation of appearance and function and obtains the in-novative design scheme by introducing KE and TRIZ0eAHPwas used to evaluate the innovative design scheme Combiningwith the design of hand-held rotary tiller the correspondinginnovative design scheme was obtained and the design processwas attempted to be extended to other products 0e maincontent of the literature study [8 25 26] focused on the userrequirements mining or conceptual design stage and the re-searchers have not studied the application of detailed designstage and the subsequent evaluation of innovative design 0ispaper establishes an innovative design model from user needsmining conceptual design detailed design computer-aideddesign and scheme evaluation which is convenient for de-signers to design and develop products and also has a goodreference for innovative design of other products
However because the main research content of thispaper focuses on innovative design process the research onthe evaluation system of the scheme is insufficient In thefollowing work designers can introduce other design the-ories and methods to combine with existing research inorder to improve the process of innovative design
5 Conclusions
In order to improve the comprehensive quality of agricul-tural machinery products based on functional technologyand meet the needs of users the innovation design model ofagricultural machinery products based on KE-TRIZ wasconstructed
Firstly the designer used SD method and PCA methodto quantify and reduce the dimension of affective intentionwords aiming to select comprehensive variables repre-senting the needs of users Secondly by constructing a KE-TRIZ innovative design model the product appearance andfunction were innovatively designed and the contradictionbetween product appearance and function was analyzed tomake it well matched 0en taking the innovative design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as an example the applicationflow was described and the typical samples and designscheme were evaluated by the AHP which shows that themethod has obvious improvement in function and ap-pearance 0e KE-TRIZ method enables designers to designproducts more in line with the actual needs of users which iseffective and feasible for the innovative design of agriculturalmachinery
0e follow-up work is to further explore the integrationof technology cost and other multi-objective-driven in-novative designs of agricultural machinery products in orderto improve the applicability and integrity of the method
Data Availability
All data generated and analyzed during this study are in-cluded within the article
Conflicts of Interest
0e authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest
Authorsrsquo Contributions
Jian-wei Wang conceived and designed the study Jian-minZhang completed the design evaluation Jian-wei Wangcompleted product modeling Jian-min Zhang revised andpolished the manuscript All authors have read and ap-proved the final manuscript All authors contributed equallyto this work
Acknowledgments
0is work was supported by the Guizhou Natural ScienceFund Project (Guizhou Technology Cooperation SupportProgram (2017)1047) the Guizhou Science and TechnologyMajor Project (LH(2014)7629 LH(2016)7432 and LH(2017)7232) and the Academic New Seedling Cultivation andInnovation Exploration Specialization of Guizhou Univer-sity (Guizhou Platform Talents (2017)5788)
References
[1] G Q Yao C Q Xue and H Y Wang ldquoDesign method forcoach styling design based on image cognitionrdquo Journal ofSoutheast University Natural Science Edition vol 46 no 6pp 1198ndash1203 2016
[2] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei Engineering a new ergonomicconsumer-oriented technology for product developmentrdquoInternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 15 no 1pp 3ndash11 1995
[3] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei engineering as a powerful consumer-orientied technology for product developmentrdquo Applied Er-gonomics vol 33 no 3 pp 289ndash294 2002
[4] C E GolnooshRasoulifar and P Guy ldquoCommunicatingconsumer needs in the design process of branded productsrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015
[5] Y T Fu and S J Luo ldquoStyle perception-oriented productfamily shape gene designrdquo Comtuter IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 18 no 3 pp 449ndash457 2012
[6] L N Abdala R B Fernandes A Ogliari M Lower andJ Feldhusen ldquoCreative contributions of the methods of in-ventive principles of TRIZ and BioTRIZ to problem solvingrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 139 no 8 2017
[7] S Kim and B Yoon ldquoDeveloping a process of conceptgeneration for new product-service systems a QFD and
Table 14 Overall ranking result and average value of the third layer
Scheme Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 Scheme 5Expert 1 0048558458 0167268103 0083016534 0281635216 0419521689Expert 2 0072929489 0148099162 0051450184 0288521951 0438999215Expert 3 0070614603 0123757406 0050002922 0302460164 0453164905Expert 4 0070748371 0127513198 0049909632 0335077088 041675171Average value 006571273 0141659467 0058594818 0301923605 043210938
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 17
TRIZ-based approachrdquo Service Business vol 6 no 3pp 323ndash348 2012
[8] R H Tan R H Zhang F Liu and B J Yang ldquoTwo stagesanalogy-based conceptual design based on TRIZrdquo ComputerIntergrated Manufacturing Systems vol 12 no 3 pp 328ndash334 2006
[9] X Z Liu G N Qi J Z Fu B B Fan and J Xu ldquoA designprocess model of intergrated morphlolgical matrix andconflict resolving principlesrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 46 no 12 pp 2243ndash2258 2012
[10] Y H Cohen Y Reich and S Greenberg ldquoBiomineticsstructure-function patterns approachrdquo Journal of MechanicalDesign vol 136 no 11 2014
[11] L L Sun and F S Kong ldquoVisual comfort design of automobileseat based on Kansei engineering and TRIZ theoryrdquo Journal ofJinlin University Engineering and Technology Edition vol 44no 1 pp 106ndash110 2014
[12] W Chen C S Carolyn and Y Bernard ldquoSpecial issue userneeds and preferences in engineering designrdquo Journal ofMechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015
[13] Y X Huang C-H Chen and L P Khoo ldquoProducts clas-sification in emotional design using a basic-emotion basedsemantic differential methodrdquo International Journal of In-dustrial Ergonomics vol 42 no 6 pp 569ndash580 2012
[14] W Lu and J-F Petiot ldquoAffective design of products using anaudio-based protocol application to eyeglass framerdquo In-ternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 44 no 3pp 383ndash394 2014
[15] V Chulvi M C Gonzalez-Cruz E Mulet and J Aguilar-Zambrano ldquoInfluence of the type of idea-generation methodon the creativity of solutionsrdquo Research in Engineering Designvol 24 no 1 pp 33ndash41 2013
[16] B Mannan and Abid Haleem ldquoUnderstanding major di-mensions and determinants that help in diffusion amp adoptionof product innovation using AHP approachrdquo Journal ofGlobal Entrepreneurship Research vol 7 no 1 pp 1ndash24 2017
[17] T Wang and M R Liu ldquoApplication of QFD and AHP inrailway freight transportationrdquo Computer IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 24 no 1 pp 264ndash271 2018
[18] H-N Hsish J F Chen and Q H Du ldquoApplying TRIZ andfuzzy AHP based on lean production to develop an innovativedesign of a new shape for machine toolsrdquo Information vol 6no 1 pp 89ndash110 2015
[19] L-C Chen and L Lin ldquoOptimization of product configu-ration design using functional requirements and constraintsrdquoResearch in Engineering Design vol 13 no 3 pp 167ndash1822002
[20] Y Li M-D Shieh C-C Yang and L Zhu ldquoApplication offuzzy-based hybrid taguchi method for multiobjective opti-mization of product form designrdquo Mathematical Problems inEngineering vol 2018 Article ID 9091514 18 pages 2018
[21] Y Q Xu K Chen H B Qin and Z Y Wang ldquoStudy on theapplication of Kansei engineering in product form designrdquoApplied Mechanics and Materials vol 274 pp 513ndash516 2013
[22] S Hede P V Ferreira M N Lopes and L A Rocha ldquoTRIZand the paradigms of social sustainability in product devel-opment endeavorsrdquo Procedia Engineering vol 131 pp 522ndash538 2015
[23] Z Liu D Hu Y Gao et al ldquoTRIZ based revised design fordisassembly of joint structurerdquo Journal of Mechanical Engi-neering vol 48 no 11 pp 65ndash71 2012
[24] X Ji X J Gu F Dai et al ldquoBioTRIZ-based product in-novative design processrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 48 no 1 pp 35ndash41 2014
[25] X L Li W Zhao Y K Zheng R Wang and C WangldquoInnovative product design based on comprehensive cus-tomer requirements of different cognitive levelsrdquo lte Sci-entific World Journal vol 2014 Article ID 627093 11 pages2014
[26] G D Zhai Z H Liang and M Y Li ldquoStudy on the Opti-mization model of a flexible transmissionrdquo MathematicalProblems in Engineering vol 2019 Article ID 508457312 pages 2019
18 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
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A21
1 317
13
17
1
13
115
13
15
13
7 5 1 5 1 7
3 315
113
5
7 5 1 3 1 3
1 317
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
A31
1 115
13
15
1
1 115
115
13
5 5 1 5 1 5
3 115
115
5
5 5 1 5 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
A41
1 317
13
15
1
13
115
13
15
13
7 5 1 5 1 5
3 315
113
5
5 5 1 3 1 3
1 315
15
13
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
(5)
(2) Constructing judgment matrix Bst of the schemelayer
B11
113
315
15
3 1 5 3 1
13
15
117
17
515
7 1 1
5 1 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B21
113
315
15
3 1 5 113
13
15
113
13
5 1 7 1 1
5 3 3 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B31
113
515
15
3 1 3 1 13
15
13
115
17
5 1 5 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Target layer Selection of innovation scheme for hand-held rotary tiller
Criterionlayer
B1Harmonious
B2Dynamic
B3Safety
B4Comfortable
B5Practical
B6Individual
Schemelayer
C1Scheme 1
C2Scheme 2
C3Scheme 3
C1Scheme 1
C5Scheme 5
Figure 10 Hierarchical model of the hand-held rotary tiller
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 13
B41
113
315
13
3 1 515
13
13
15
115
15
5 5 5 1 3
3 3 513
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B12
113
15
15
15
3 1 3 5 1
15
13
115
17
515
5 1 1
5 1 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B22
113
513
13
3 1 3 1 115
13
115
15
3 1 5 113
3 1 5 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B32
113
515
15
3 1 313
13
15
13
117
17
5 3 7 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B42
113
515
17
3 1 313
13
15
13
115
15
5 3 5 1 1
7 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B13
115
13
17
15
5 1 3 113
313
113
17
7 1 3 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B23
113
113
15
3 1 313
13
113
115
17
3 3 5 113
5 3 5 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B33
113
315
17
3 1 313
15
13
13
117
17
5 5 3 113
7 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B43
113
113
15
3 1 315
15
113
115
15
315
5 1 1
5 5 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B14
113
13
15
15
3 1 113
15
1 1 113
17
5 3 3 113
5 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
14 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
B24
113
315
15
3 1 313
13
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 1 3
5 3 713
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B34
113
517
15
3 1 515
13
15
15
117
15
7 5 7 1 1
5 3 3 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B44
113
315
15
3 1 313
13
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 1 1
5 3 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B15
113
13
17
17
3 1 115
13
3 1 113
15
7 5 3 1 1
7 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B25 5
113
315
17
3 1 313
15
13
15
117
17
5 3 7 113
7 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B35
113
313
15
3 1 113
15
1 1 117
17
3 3 7 1 1
5 5 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B45
113
315
17
3 1 113
15
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 113
7 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B16
113
315
15
3 1 5 113
13
15
117
15
5 1 7 1 1
5 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B26
113
313
15
3 1 713
13
15
17
115
17
3 3 5 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B36
113
315
15
3 1 513
15
13
15
113
17
5 3 3 113
5 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 15
B46
113
515
17
3 1 513
15
15
15
115
17
5 3 5 1 1
7 5 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
(6)
332 Hierarchical Sequencing and Consistency Verification0e maximum eigenvalue λmax 65433 of the judgmentmatrix A11 was obtained by calculation and it was normalizedto ω(2)
11 (00608 00348 03419 01597 03419 00608) 0esix elements of the criterion layer are harmony dynamicssafety comfort practicality and individuality Consistency testis to test the coordination of the importance of each elementCI value of less than 1 indicates that consistency of thejudgmentmatrix is passed and the results are listed in Table 12
0e element bstij in the judgment matrix Bst is the comparisonmeasure of the superiority ofPt to C in the scheme layer (hand-held rotary tiller) 0e weight ω(3)
1t the maximum eigenvalueλmax and the consistency index CI1t were calculated from thecomparison judgment matrix B1t of the third layer and theresults are listed in Table 130e average of the total ranking ofthe scheme layers is shown in Table 14
After calculation the weight coefficient P of the 4 sampleschemes and a new conceptual design scheme of the targetlayer was obtained P1(C1) 007 P2(C2) 014 P3(C3)
006 P4(C4) 030 and P5(C5) 043 where Pt(C1) is theweight coefficient of sample 1 and so on 0erefore theinnovative conceptual design scheme was selected from thefive schemes because the weight coefficient of the conceptualdesign scheme P5(C5) was the largest one 043 0ismethod is effective and feasible for the innovative design ofagricultural machinery
4 Discussion
In order to improve the comprehensive quality of functionalproducts and meet the needs of users for product
Table 13 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotary tiller
B11ndashC B12ndashC B13ndashC B14ndashC B15ndashC B16ndashC Expert 1ω(3)1t 00815 00497 00417 00496 00434 00796
03322 03482 02016 01062 01063 0209100414 00465 00795 00797 01063 0043302290 02244 02156 02518 03720 0308603159 03312 04616 05127 03720 03594
λmax 52876 53691 52469 50252 50939 52194CI 00719 00923 00617 00063 00235 00548CR 00642 00824 00551 00056 00210 00490 Accept
B21ndashC B22ndashC B23ndashC B24ndashC B25ndashC B26ndashC Expert 2ω(3)2t 00856 01172 00712 00749 00658 00927
02247 02547 01524 01425 01209 0170500611 00502 00643 00422 00396 0034702799 02265 02619 04503 02726 0247303487 03515 04502 02902 05012 04547
λmax 54208 53773 52144 52785 52742 54268CI 01052 00943 00536 00696 00685 01067CR 00939 00842 00479 00622 00612 00935 Accept
B31ndashC B32ndashC B33ndashC B34ndashC B35ndashC B36ndashC Expert 3ω(3)3t 00855 00826 00669 00758 00692 00744
01832 01419 01231 01393 01074 0141600420 00379 00403 00359 00680 0044802247 02890 02595 04186 03393 0243404646 04485 05102 03304 04162 04957
λmax 53965 54257 53429 54404 52374 54451CI 00991 01064 00857 01101 00594 01113CR 00885 00950 00765 00983 00530 00994 Accept
B41ndashC B42ndashC B43ndashC B44ndashC B45ndashC B46ndashC Expert 4ω(3)4t 00846 00805 00697 00762 00658 00758
01454 01480 01216 01450 01209 0139300444 00452 00629 00429 00396 0035904757 03509 03538 03679 02726 0330402499 03754 03919 03679 05012 04186
λmax 54118 54301 52748 51295 52742 54404CI 01029 01075 00687 00324 00684 01101CR 00919 00960 00613 00289 00612 00983 Accept
16 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
personalization this paper puts forward the improvementexplanation of appearance and function and obtains the in-novative design scheme by introducing KE and TRIZ0eAHPwas used to evaluate the innovative design scheme Combiningwith the design of hand-held rotary tiller the correspondinginnovative design scheme was obtained and the design processwas attempted to be extended to other products 0e maincontent of the literature study [8 25 26] focused on the userrequirements mining or conceptual design stage and the re-searchers have not studied the application of detailed designstage and the subsequent evaluation of innovative design 0ispaper establishes an innovative design model from user needsmining conceptual design detailed design computer-aideddesign and scheme evaluation which is convenient for de-signers to design and develop products and also has a goodreference for innovative design of other products
However because the main research content of thispaper focuses on innovative design process the research onthe evaluation system of the scheme is insufficient In thefollowing work designers can introduce other design the-ories and methods to combine with existing research inorder to improve the process of innovative design
5 Conclusions
In order to improve the comprehensive quality of agricul-tural machinery products based on functional technologyand meet the needs of users the innovation design model ofagricultural machinery products based on KE-TRIZ wasconstructed
Firstly the designer used SD method and PCA methodto quantify and reduce the dimension of affective intentionwords aiming to select comprehensive variables repre-senting the needs of users Secondly by constructing a KE-TRIZ innovative design model the product appearance andfunction were innovatively designed and the contradictionbetween product appearance and function was analyzed tomake it well matched 0en taking the innovative design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as an example the applicationflow was described and the typical samples and designscheme were evaluated by the AHP which shows that themethod has obvious improvement in function and ap-pearance 0e KE-TRIZ method enables designers to designproducts more in line with the actual needs of users which iseffective and feasible for the innovative design of agriculturalmachinery
0e follow-up work is to further explore the integrationof technology cost and other multi-objective-driven in-novative designs of agricultural machinery products in orderto improve the applicability and integrity of the method
Data Availability
All data generated and analyzed during this study are in-cluded within the article
Conflicts of Interest
0e authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest
Authorsrsquo Contributions
Jian-wei Wang conceived and designed the study Jian-minZhang completed the design evaluation Jian-wei Wangcompleted product modeling Jian-min Zhang revised andpolished the manuscript All authors have read and ap-proved the final manuscript All authors contributed equallyto this work
Acknowledgments
0is work was supported by the Guizhou Natural ScienceFund Project (Guizhou Technology Cooperation SupportProgram (2017)1047) the Guizhou Science and TechnologyMajor Project (LH(2014)7629 LH(2016)7432 and LH(2017)7232) and the Academic New Seedling Cultivation andInnovation Exploration Specialization of Guizhou Univer-sity (Guizhou Platform Talents (2017)5788)
References
[1] G Q Yao C Q Xue and H Y Wang ldquoDesign method forcoach styling design based on image cognitionrdquo Journal ofSoutheast University Natural Science Edition vol 46 no 6pp 1198ndash1203 2016
[2] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei Engineering a new ergonomicconsumer-oriented technology for product developmentrdquoInternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 15 no 1pp 3ndash11 1995
[3] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei engineering as a powerful consumer-orientied technology for product developmentrdquo Applied Er-gonomics vol 33 no 3 pp 289ndash294 2002
[4] C E GolnooshRasoulifar and P Guy ldquoCommunicatingconsumer needs in the design process of branded productsrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015
[5] Y T Fu and S J Luo ldquoStyle perception-oriented productfamily shape gene designrdquo Comtuter IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 18 no 3 pp 449ndash457 2012
[6] L N Abdala R B Fernandes A Ogliari M Lower andJ Feldhusen ldquoCreative contributions of the methods of in-ventive principles of TRIZ and BioTRIZ to problem solvingrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 139 no 8 2017
[7] S Kim and B Yoon ldquoDeveloping a process of conceptgeneration for new product-service systems a QFD and
Table 14 Overall ranking result and average value of the third layer
Scheme Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 Scheme 5Expert 1 0048558458 0167268103 0083016534 0281635216 0419521689Expert 2 0072929489 0148099162 0051450184 0288521951 0438999215Expert 3 0070614603 0123757406 0050002922 0302460164 0453164905Expert 4 0070748371 0127513198 0049909632 0335077088 041675171Average value 006571273 0141659467 0058594818 0301923605 043210938
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 17
TRIZ-based approachrdquo Service Business vol 6 no 3pp 323ndash348 2012
[8] R H Tan R H Zhang F Liu and B J Yang ldquoTwo stagesanalogy-based conceptual design based on TRIZrdquo ComputerIntergrated Manufacturing Systems vol 12 no 3 pp 328ndash334 2006
[9] X Z Liu G N Qi J Z Fu B B Fan and J Xu ldquoA designprocess model of intergrated morphlolgical matrix andconflict resolving principlesrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 46 no 12 pp 2243ndash2258 2012
[10] Y H Cohen Y Reich and S Greenberg ldquoBiomineticsstructure-function patterns approachrdquo Journal of MechanicalDesign vol 136 no 11 2014
[11] L L Sun and F S Kong ldquoVisual comfort design of automobileseat based on Kansei engineering and TRIZ theoryrdquo Journal ofJinlin University Engineering and Technology Edition vol 44no 1 pp 106ndash110 2014
[12] W Chen C S Carolyn and Y Bernard ldquoSpecial issue userneeds and preferences in engineering designrdquo Journal ofMechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015
[13] Y X Huang C-H Chen and L P Khoo ldquoProducts clas-sification in emotional design using a basic-emotion basedsemantic differential methodrdquo International Journal of In-dustrial Ergonomics vol 42 no 6 pp 569ndash580 2012
[14] W Lu and J-F Petiot ldquoAffective design of products using anaudio-based protocol application to eyeglass framerdquo In-ternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 44 no 3pp 383ndash394 2014
[15] V Chulvi M C Gonzalez-Cruz E Mulet and J Aguilar-Zambrano ldquoInfluence of the type of idea-generation methodon the creativity of solutionsrdquo Research in Engineering Designvol 24 no 1 pp 33ndash41 2013
[16] B Mannan and Abid Haleem ldquoUnderstanding major di-mensions and determinants that help in diffusion amp adoptionof product innovation using AHP approachrdquo Journal ofGlobal Entrepreneurship Research vol 7 no 1 pp 1ndash24 2017
[17] T Wang and M R Liu ldquoApplication of QFD and AHP inrailway freight transportationrdquo Computer IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 24 no 1 pp 264ndash271 2018
[18] H-N Hsish J F Chen and Q H Du ldquoApplying TRIZ andfuzzy AHP based on lean production to develop an innovativedesign of a new shape for machine toolsrdquo Information vol 6no 1 pp 89ndash110 2015
[19] L-C Chen and L Lin ldquoOptimization of product configu-ration design using functional requirements and constraintsrdquoResearch in Engineering Design vol 13 no 3 pp 167ndash1822002
[20] Y Li M-D Shieh C-C Yang and L Zhu ldquoApplication offuzzy-based hybrid taguchi method for multiobjective opti-mization of product form designrdquo Mathematical Problems inEngineering vol 2018 Article ID 9091514 18 pages 2018
[21] Y Q Xu K Chen H B Qin and Z Y Wang ldquoStudy on theapplication of Kansei engineering in product form designrdquoApplied Mechanics and Materials vol 274 pp 513ndash516 2013
[22] S Hede P V Ferreira M N Lopes and L A Rocha ldquoTRIZand the paradigms of social sustainability in product devel-opment endeavorsrdquo Procedia Engineering vol 131 pp 522ndash538 2015
[23] Z Liu D Hu Y Gao et al ldquoTRIZ based revised design fordisassembly of joint structurerdquo Journal of Mechanical Engi-neering vol 48 no 11 pp 65ndash71 2012
[24] X Ji X J Gu F Dai et al ldquoBioTRIZ-based product in-novative design processrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 48 no 1 pp 35ndash41 2014
[25] X L Li W Zhao Y K Zheng R Wang and C WangldquoInnovative product design based on comprehensive cus-tomer requirements of different cognitive levelsrdquo lte Sci-entific World Journal vol 2014 Article ID 627093 11 pages2014
[26] G D Zhai Z H Liang and M Y Li ldquoStudy on the Opti-mization model of a flexible transmissionrdquo MathematicalProblems in Engineering vol 2019 Article ID 508457312 pages 2019
18 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
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B41
113
315
13
3 1 515
13
13
15
115
15
5 5 5 1 3
3 3 513
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B12
113
15
15
15
3 1 3 5 1
15
13
115
17
515
5 1 1
5 1 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B22
113
513
13
3 1 3 1 115
13
115
15
3 1 5 113
3 1 5 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B32
113
515
15
3 1 313
13
15
13
117
17
5 3 7 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B42
113
515
17
3 1 313
13
15
13
115
15
5 3 5 1 1
7 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B13
115
13
17
15
5 1 3 113
313
113
17
7 1 3 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B23
113
113
15
3 1 313
13
113
115
17
3 3 5 113
5 3 5 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B33
113
315
17
3 1 313
15
13
13
117
17
5 5 3 113
7 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B43
113
113
15
3 1 315
15
113
115
15
315
5 1 1
5 5 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B14
113
13
15
15
3 1 113
15
1 1 113
17
5 3 3 113
5 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
14 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
B24
113
315
15
3 1 313
13
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 1 3
5 3 713
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B34
113
517
15
3 1 515
13
15
15
117
15
7 5 7 1 1
5 3 3 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B44
113
315
15
3 1 313
13
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 1 1
5 3 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B15
113
13
17
17
3 1 115
13
3 1 113
15
7 5 3 1 1
7 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B25 5
113
315
17
3 1 313
15
13
15
117
17
5 3 7 113
7 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B35
113
313
15
3 1 113
15
1 1 117
17
3 3 7 1 1
5 5 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B45
113
315
17
3 1 113
15
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 113
7 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B16
113
315
15
3 1 5 113
13
15
117
15
5 1 7 1 1
5 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B26
113
313
15
3 1 713
13
15
17
115
17
3 3 5 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B36
113
315
15
3 1 513
15
13
15
113
17
5 3 3 113
5 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 15
B46
113
515
17
3 1 513
15
15
15
115
17
5 3 5 1 1
7 5 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
(6)
332 Hierarchical Sequencing and Consistency Verification0e maximum eigenvalue λmax 65433 of the judgmentmatrix A11 was obtained by calculation and it was normalizedto ω(2)
11 (00608 00348 03419 01597 03419 00608) 0esix elements of the criterion layer are harmony dynamicssafety comfort practicality and individuality Consistency testis to test the coordination of the importance of each elementCI value of less than 1 indicates that consistency of thejudgmentmatrix is passed and the results are listed in Table 12
0e element bstij in the judgment matrix Bst is the comparisonmeasure of the superiority ofPt to C in the scheme layer (hand-held rotary tiller) 0e weight ω(3)
1t the maximum eigenvalueλmax and the consistency index CI1t were calculated from thecomparison judgment matrix B1t of the third layer and theresults are listed in Table 130e average of the total ranking ofthe scheme layers is shown in Table 14
After calculation the weight coefficient P of the 4 sampleschemes and a new conceptual design scheme of the targetlayer was obtained P1(C1) 007 P2(C2) 014 P3(C3)
006 P4(C4) 030 and P5(C5) 043 where Pt(C1) is theweight coefficient of sample 1 and so on 0erefore theinnovative conceptual design scheme was selected from thefive schemes because the weight coefficient of the conceptualdesign scheme P5(C5) was the largest one 043 0ismethod is effective and feasible for the innovative design ofagricultural machinery
4 Discussion
In order to improve the comprehensive quality of functionalproducts and meet the needs of users for product
Table 13 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotary tiller
B11ndashC B12ndashC B13ndashC B14ndashC B15ndashC B16ndashC Expert 1ω(3)1t 00815 00497 00417 00496 00434 00796
03322 03482 02016 01062 01063 0209100414 00465 00795 00797 01063 0043302290 02244 02156 02518 03720 0308603159 03312 04616 05127 03720 03594
λmax 52876 53691 52469 50252 50939 52194CI 00719 00923 00617 00063 00235 00548CR 00642 00824 00551 00056 00210 00490 Accept
B21ndashC B22ndashC B23ndashC B24ndashC B25ndashC B26ndashC Expert 2ω(3)2t 00856 01172 00712 00749 00658 00927
02247 02547 01524 01425 01209 0170500611 00502 00643 00422 00396 0034702799 02265 02619 04503 02726 0247303487 03515 04502 02902 05012 04547
λmax 54208 53773 52144 52785 52742 54268CI 01052 00943 00536 00696 00685 01067CR 00939 00842 00479 00622 00612 00935 Accept
B31ndashC B32ndashC B33ndashC B34ndashC B35ndashC B36ndashC Expert 3ω(3)3t 00855 00826 00669 00758 00692 00744
01832 01419 01231 01393 01074 0141600420 00379 00403 00359 00680 0044802247 02890 02595 04186 03393 0243404646 04485 05102 03304 04162 04957
λmax 53965 54257 53429 54404 52374 54451CI 00991 01064 00857 01101 00594 01113CR 00885 00950 00765 00983 00530 00994 Accept
B41ndashC B42ndashC B43ndashC B44ndashC B45ndashC B46ndashC Expert 4ω(3)4t 00846 00805 00697 00762 00658 00758
01454 01480 01216 01450 01209 0139300444 00452 00629 00429 00396 0035904757 03509 03538 03679 02726 0330402499 03754 03919 03679 05012 04186
λmax 54118 54301 52748 51295 52742 54404CI 01029 01075 00687 00324 00684 01101CR 00919 00960 00613 00289 00612 00983 Accept
16 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
personalization this paper puts forward the improvementexplanation of appearance and function and obtains the in-novative design scheme by introducing KE and TRIZ0eAHPwas used to evaluate the innovative design scheme Combiningwith the design of hand-held rotary tiller the correspondinginnovative design scheme was obtained and the design processwas attempted to be extended to other products 0e maincontent of the literature study [8 25 26] focused on the userrequirements mining or conceptual design stage and the re-searchers have not studied the application of detailed designstage and the subsequent evaluation of innovative design 0ispaper establishes an innovative design model from user needsmining conceptual design detailed design computer-aideddesign and scheme evaluation which is convenient for de-signers to design and develop products and also has a goodreference for innovative design of other products
However because the main research content of thispaper focuses on innovative design process the research onthe evaluation system of the scheme is insufficient In thefollowing work designers can introduce other design the-ories and methods to combine with existing research inorder to improve the process of innovative design
5 Conclusions
In order to improve the comprehensive quality of agricul-tural machinery products based on functional technologyand meet the needs of users the innovation design model ofagricultural machinery products based on KE-TRIZ wasconstructed
Firstly the designer used SD method and PCA methodto quantify and reduce the dimension of affective intentionwords aiming to select comprehensive variables repre-senting the needs of users Secondly by constructing a KE-TRIZ innovative design model the product appearance andfunction were innovatively designed and the contradictionbetween product appearance and function was analyzed tomake it well matched 0en taking the innovative design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as an example the applicationflow was described and the typical samples and designscheme were evaluated by the AHP which shows that themethod has obvious improvement in function and ap-pearance 0e KE-TRIZ method enables designers to designproducts more in line with the actual needs of users which iseffective and feasible for the innovative design of agriculturalmachinery
0e follow-up work is to further explore the integrationof technology cost and other multi-objective-driven in-novative designs of agricultural machinery products in orderto improve the applicability and integrity of the method
Data Availability
All data generated and analyzed during this study are in-cluded within the article
Conflicts of Interest
0e authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest
Authorsrsquo Contributions
Jian-wei Wang conceived and designed the study Jian-minZhang completed the design evaluation Jian-wei Wangcompleted product modeling Jian-min Zhang revised andpolished the manuscript All authors have read and ap-proved the final manuscript All authors contributed equallyto this work
Acknowledgments
0is work was supported by the Guizhou Natural ScienceFund Project (Guizhou Technology Cooperation SupportProgram (2017)1047) the Guizhou Science and TechnologyMajor Project (LH(2014)7629 LH(2016)7432 and LH(2017)7232) and the Academic New Seedling Cultivation andInnovation Exploration Specialization of Guizhou Univer-sity (Guizhou Platform Talents (2017)5788)
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[1] G Q Yao C Q Xue and H Y Wang ldquoDesign method forcoach styling design based on image cognitionrdquo Journal ofSoutheast University Natural Science Edition vol 46 no 6pp 1198ndash1203 2016
[2] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei Engineering a new ergonomicconsumer-oriented technology for product developmentrdquoInternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 15 no 1pp 3ndash11 1995
[3] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei engineering as a powerful consumer-orientied technology for product developmentrdquo Applied Er-gonomics vol 33 no 3 pp 289ndash294 2002
[4] C E GolnooshRasoulifar and P Guy ldquoCommunicatingconsumer needs in the design process of branded productsrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015
[5] Y T Fu and S J Luo ldquoStyle perception-oriented productfamily shape gene designrdquo Comtuter IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 18 no 3 pp 449ndash457 2012
[6] L N Abdala R B Fernandes A Ogliari M Lower andJ Feldhusen ldquoCreative contributions of the methods of in-ventive principles of TRIZ and BioTRIZ to problem solvingrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 139 no 8 2017
[7] S Kim and B Yoon ldquoDeveloping a process of conceptgeneration for new product-service systems a QFD and
Table 14 Overall ranking result and average value of the third layer
Scheme Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 Scheme 5Expert 1 0048558458 0167268103 0083016534 0281635216 0419521689Expert 2 0072929489 0148099162 0051450184 0288521951 0438999215Expert 3 0070614603 0123757406 0050002922 0302460164 0453164905Expert 4 0070748371 0127513198 0049909632 0335077088 041675171Average value 006571273 0141659467 0058594818 0301923605 043210938
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 17
TRIZ-based approachrdquo Service Business vol 6 no 3pp 323ndash348 2012
[8] R H Tan R H Zhang F Liu and B J Yang ldquoTwo stagesanalogy-based conceptual design based on TRIZrdquo ComputerIntergrated Manufacturing Systems vol 12 no 3 pp 328ndash334 2006
[9] X Z Liu G N Qi J Z Fu B B Fan and J Xu ldquoA designprocess model of intergrated morphlolgical matrix andconflict resolving principlesrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 46 no 12 pp 2243ndash2258 2012
[10] Y H Cohen Y Reich and S Greenberg ldquoBiomineticsstructure-function patterns approachrdquo Journal of MechanicalDesign vol 136 no 11 2014
[11] L L Sun and F S Kong ldquoVisual comfort design of automobileseat based on Kansei engineering and TRIZ theoryrdquo Journal ofJinlin University Engineering and Technology Edition vol 44no 1 pp 106ndash110 2014
[12] W Chen C S Carolyn and Y Bernard ldquoSpecial issue userneeds and preferences in engineering designrdquo Journal ofMechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015
[13] Y X Huang C-H Chen and L P Khoo ldquoProducts clas-sification in emotional design using a basic-emotion basedsemantic differential methodrdquo International Journal of In-dustrial Ergonomics vol 42 no 6 pp 569ndash580 2012
[14] W Lu and J-F Petiot ldquoAffective design of products using anaudio-based protocol application to eyeglass framerdquo In-ternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 44 no 3pp 383ndash394 2014
[15] V Chulvi M C Gonzalez-Cruz E Mulet and J Aguilar-Zambrano ldquoInfluence of the type of idea-generation methodon the creativity of solutionsrdquo Research in Engineering Designvol 24 no 1 pp 33ndash41 2013
[16] B Mannan and Abid Haleem ldquoUnderstanding major di-mensions and determinants that help in diffusion amp adoptionof product innovation using AHP approachrdquo Journal ofGlobal Entrepreneurship Research vol 7 no 1 pp 1ndash24 2017
[17] T Wang and M R Liu ldquoApplication of QFD and AHP inrailway freight transportationrdquo Computer IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 24 no 1 pp 264ndash271 2018
[18] H-N Hsish J F Chen and Q H Du ldquoApplying TRIZ andfuzzy AHP based on lean production to develop an innovativedesign of a new shape for machine toolsrdquo Information vol 6no 1 pp 89ndash110 2015
[19] L-C Chen and L Lin ldquoOptimization of product configu-ration design using functional requirements and constraintsrdquoResearch in Engineering Design vol 13 no 3 pp 167ndash1822002
[20] Y Li M-D Shieh C-C Yang and L Zhu ldquoApplication offuzzy-based hybrid taguchi method for multiobjective opti-mization of product form designrdquo Mathematical Problems inEngineering vol 2018 Article ID 9091514 18 pages 2018
[21] Y Q Xu K Chen H B Qin and Z Y Wang ldquoStudy on theapplication of Kansei engineering in product form designrdquoApplied Mechanics and Materials vol 274 pp 513ndash516 2013
[22] S Hede P V Ferreira M N Lopes and L A Rocha ldquoTRIZand the paradigms of social sustainability in product devel-opment endeavorsrdquo Procedia Engineering vol 131 pp 522ndash538 2015
[23] Z Liu D Hu Y Gao et al ldquoTRIZ based revised design fordisassembly of joint structurerdquo Journal of Mechanical Engi-neering vol 48 no 11 pp 65ndash71 2012
[24] X Ji X J Gu F Dai et al ldquoBioTRIZ-based product in-novative design processrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 48 no 1 pp 35ndash41 2014
[25] X L Li W Zhao Y K Zheng R Wang and C WangldquoInnovative product design based on comprehensive cus-tomer requirements of different cognitive levelsrdquo lte Sci-entific World Journal vol 2014 Article ID 627093 11 pages2014
[26] G D Zhai Z H Liang and M Y Li ldquoStudy on the Opti-mization model of a flexible transmissionrdquo MathematicalProblems in Engineering vol 2019 Article ID 508457312 pages 2019
18 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
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B24
113
315
15
3 1 313
13
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 1 3
5 3 713
1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B34
113
517
15
3 1 515
13
15
15
117
15
7 5 7 1 1
5 3 3 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B44
113
315
15
3 1 313
13
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 1 1
5 3 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B15
113
13
17
17
3 1 115
13
3 1 113
15
7 5 3 1 1
7 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B25 5
113
315
17
3 1 313
15
13
15
117
17
5 3 7 113
7 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B35
113
313
15
3 1 113
15
1 1 117
17
3 3 7 1 1
5 5 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B45
113
315
17
3 1 113
15
13
13
117
17
5 3 7 113
7 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B16
113
315
15
3 1 5 113
13
15
117
15
5 1 7 1 1
5 3 5 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B26
113
313
15
3 1 713
13
15
17
115
17
3 3 5 113
5 3 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
B36
113
315
15
3 1 513
15
13
15
113
17
5 3 3 113
5 5 7 3 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 15
B46
113
515
17
3 1 513
15
15
15
115
17
5 3 5 1 1
7 5 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
(6)
332 Hierarchical Sequencing and Consistency Verification0e maximum eigenvalue λmax 65433 of the judgmentmatrix A11 was obtained by calculation and it was normalizedto ω(2)
11 (00608 00348 03419 01597 03419 00608) 0esix elements of the criterion layer are harmony dynamicssafety comfort practicality and individuality Consistency testis to test the coordination of the importance of each elementCI value of less than 1 indicates that consistency of thejudgmentmatrix is passed and the results are listed in Table 12
0e element bstij in the judgment matrix Bst is the comparisonmeasure of the superiority ofPt to C in the scheme layer (hand-held rotary tiller) 0e weight ω(3)
1t the maximum eigenvalueλmax and the consistency index CI1t were calculated from thecomparison judgment matrix B1t of the third layer and theresults are listed in Table 130e average of the total ranking ofthe scheme layers is shown in Table 14
After calculation the weight coefficient P of the 4 sampleschemes and a new conceptual design scheme of the targetlayer was obtained P1(C1) 007 P2(C2) 014 P3(C3)
006 P4(C4) 030 and P5(C5) 043 where Pt(C1) is theweight coefficient of sample 1 and so on 0erefore theinnovative conceptual design scheme was selected from thefive schemes because the weight coefficient of the conceptualdesign scheme P5(C5) was the largest one 043 0ismethod is effective and feasible for the innovative design ofagricultural machinery
4 Discussion
In order to improve the comprehensive quality of functionalproducts and meet the needs of users for product
Table 13 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotary tiller
B11ndashC B12ndashC B13ndashC B14ndashC B15ndashC B16ndashC Expert 1ω(3)1t 00815 00497 00417 00496 00434 00796
03322 03482 02016 01062 01063 0209100414 00465 00795 00797 01063 0043302290 02244 02156 02518 03720 0308603159 03312 04616 05127 03720 03594
λmax 52876 53691 52469 50252 50939 52194CI 00719 00923 00617 00063 00235 00548CR 00642 00824 00551 00056 00210 00490 Accept
B21ndashC B22ndashC B23ndashC B24ndashC B25ndashC B26ndashC Expert 2ω(3)2t 00856 01172 00712 00749 00658 00927
02247 02547 01524 01425 01209 0170500611 00502 00643 00422 00396 0034702799 02265 02619 04503 02726 0247303487 03515 04502 02902 05012 04547
λmax 54208 53773 52144 52785 52742 54268CI 01052 00943 00536 00696 00685 01067CR 00939 00842 00479 00622 00612 00935 Accept
B31ndashC B32ndashC B33ndashC B34ndashC B35ndashC B36ndashC Expert 3ω(3)3t 00855 00826 00669 00758 00692 00744
01832 01419 01231 01393 01074 0141600420 00379 00403 00359 00680 0044802247 02890 02595 04186 03393 0243404646 04485 05102 03304 04162 04957
λmax 53965 54257 53429 54404 52374 54451CI 00991 01064 00857 01101 00594 01113CR 00885 00950 00765 00983 00530 00994 Accept
B41ndashC B42ndashC B43ndashC B44ndashC B45ndashC B46ndashC Expert 4ω(3)4t 00846 00805 00697 00762 00658 00758
01454 01480 01216 01450 01209 0139300444 00452 00629 00429 00396 0035904757 03509 03538 03679 02726 0330402499 03754 03919 03679 05012 04186
λmax 54118 54301 52748 51295 52742 54404CI 01029 01075 00687 00324 00684 01101CR 00919 00960 00613 00289 00612 00983 Accept
16 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
personalization this paper puts forward the improvementexplanation of appearance and function and obtains the in-novative design scheme by introducing KE and TRIZ0eAHPwas used to evaluate the innovative design scheme Combiningwith the design of hand-held rotary tiller the correspondinginnovative design scheme was obtained and the design processwas attempted to be extended to other products 0e maincontent of the literature study [8 25 26] focused on the userrequirements mining or conceptual design stage and the re-searchers have not studied the application of detailed designstage and the subsequent evaluation of innovative design 0ispaper establishes an innovative design model from user needsmining conceptual design detailed design computer-aideddesign and scheme evaluation which is convenient for de-signers to design and develop products and also has a goodreference for innovative design of other products
However because the main research content of thispaper focuses on innovative design process the research onthe evaluation system of the scheme is insufficient In thefollowing work designers can introduce other design the-ories and methods to combine with existing research inorder to improve the process of innovative design
5 Conclusions
In order to improve the comprehensive quality of agricul-tural machinery products based on functional technologyand meet the needs of users the innovation design model ofagricultural machinery products based on KE-TRIZ wasconstructed
Firstly the designer used SD method and PCA methodto quantify and reduce the dimension of affective intentionwords aiming to select comprehensive variables repre-senting the needs of users Secondly by constructing a KE-TRIZ innovative design model the product appearance andfunction were innovatively designed and the contradictionbetween product appearance and function was analyzed tomake it well matched 0en taking the innovative design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as an example the applicationflow was described and the typical samples and designscheme were evaluated by the AHP which shows that themethod has obvious improvement in function and ap-pearance 0e KE-TRIZ method enables designers to designproducts more in line with the actual needs of users which iseffective and feasible for the innovative design of agriculturalmachinery
0e follow-up work is to further explore the integrationof technology cost and other multi-objective-driven in-novative designs of agricultural machinery products in orderto improve the applicability and integrity of the method
Data Availability
All data generated and analyzed during this study are in-cluded within the article
Conflicts of Interest
0e authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest
Authorsrsquo Contributions
Jian-wei Wang conceived and designed the study Jian-minZhang completed the design evaluation Jian-wei Wangcompleted product modeling Jian-min Zhang revised andpolished the manuscript All authors have read and ap-proved the final manuscript All authors contributed equallyto this work
Acknowledgments
0is work was supported by the Guizhou Natural ScienceFund Project (Guizhou Technology Cooperation SupportProgram (2017)1047) the Guizhou Science and TechnologyMajor Project (LH(2014)7629 LH(2016)7432 and LH(2017)7232) and the Academic New Seedling Cultivation andInnovation Exploration Specialization of Guizhou Univer-sity (Guizhou Platform Talents (2017)5788)
References
[1] G Q Yao C Q Xue and H Y Wang ldquoDesign method forcoach styling design based on image cognitionrdquo Journal ofSoutheast University Natural Science Edition vol 46 no 6pp 1198ndash1203 2016
[2] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei Engineering a new ergonomicconsumer-oriented technology for product developmentrdquoInternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 15 no 1pp 3ndash11 1995
[3] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei engineering as a powerful consumer-orientied technology for product developmentrdquo Applied Er-gonomics vol 33 no 3 pp 289ndash294 2002
[4] C E GolnooshRasoulifar and P Guy ldquoCommunicatingconsumer needs in the design process of branded productsrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015
[5] Y T Fu and S J Luo ldquoStyle perception-oriented productfamily shape gene designrdquo Comtuter IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 18 no 3 pp 449ndash457 2012
[6] L N Abdala R B Fernandes A Ogliari M Lower andJ Feldhusen ldquoCreative contributions of the methods of in-ventive principles of TRIZ and BioTRIZ to problem solvingrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 139 no 8 2017
[7] S Kim and B Yoon ldquoDeveloping a process of conceptgeneration for new product-service systems a QFD and
Table 14 Overall ranking result and average value of the third layer
Scheme Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 Scheme 5Expert 1 0048558458 0167268103 0083016534 0281635216 0419521689Expert 2 0072929489 0148099162 0051450184 0288521951 0438999215Expert 3 0070614603 0123757406 0050002922 0302460164 0453164905Expert 4 0070748371 0127513198 0049909632 0335077088 041675171Average value 006571273 0141659467 0058594818 0301923605 043210938
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 17
TRIZ-based approachrdquo Service Business vol 6 no 3pp 323ndash348 2012
[8] R H Tan R H Zhang F Liu and B J Yang ldquoTwo stagesanalogy-based conceptual design based on TRIZrdquo ComputerIntergrated Manufacturing Systems vol 12 no 3 pp 328ndash334 2006
[9] X Z Liu G N Qi J Z Fu B B Fan and J Xu ldquoA designprocess model of intergrated morphlolgical matrix andconflict resolving principlesrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 46 no 12 pp 2243ndash2258 2012
[10] Y H Cohen Y Reich and S Greenberg ldquoBiomineticsstructure-function patterns approachrdquo Journal of MechanicalDesign vol 136 no 11 2014
[11] L L Sun and F S Kong ldquoVisual comfort design of automobileseat based on Kansei engineering and TRIZ theoryrdquo Journal ofJinlin University Engineering and Technology Edition vol 44no 1 pp 106ndash110 2014
[12] W Chen C S Carolyn and Y Bernard ldquoSpecial issue userneeds and preferences in engineering designrdquo Journal ofMechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015
[13] Y X Huang C-H Chen and L P Khoo ldquoProducts clas-sification in emotional design using a basic-emotion basedsemantic differential methodrdquo International Journal of In-dustrial Ergonomics vol 42 no 6 pp 569ndash580 2012
[14] W Lu and J-F Petiot ldquoAffective design of products using anaudio-based protocol application to eyeglass framerdquo In-ternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 44 no 3pp 383ndash394 2014
[15] V Chulvi M C Gonzalez-Cruz E Mulet and J Aguilar-Zambrano ldquoInfluence of the type of idea-generation methodon the creativity of solutionsrdquo Research in Engineering Designvol 24 no 1 pp 33ndash41 2013
[16] B Mannan and Abid Haleem ldquoUnderstanding major di-mensions and determinants that help in diffusion amp adoptionof product innovation using AHP approachrdquo Journal ofGlobal Entrepreneurship Research vol 7 no 1 pp 1ndash24 2017
[17] T Wang and M R Liu ldquoApplication of QFD and AHP inrailway freight transportationrdquo Computer IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 24 no 1 pp 264ndash271 2018
[18] H-N Hsish J F Chen and Q H Du ldquoApplying TRIZ andfuzzy AHP based on lean production to develop an innovativedesign of a new shape for machine toolsrdquo Information vol 6no 1 pp 89ndash110 2015
[19] L-C Chen and L Lin ldquoOptimization of product configu-ration design using functional requirements and constraintsrdquoResearch in Engineering Design vol 13 no 3 pp 167ndash1822002
[20] Y Li M-D Shieh C-C Yang and L Zhu ldquoApplication offuzzy-based hybrid taguchi method for multiobjective opti-mization of product form designrdquo Mathematical Problems inEngineering vol 2018 Article ID 9091514 18 pages 2018
[21] Y Q Xu K Chen H B Qin and Z Y Wang ldquoStudy on theapplication of Kansei engineering in product form designrdquoApplied Mechanics and Materials vol 274 pp 513ndash516 2013
[22] S Hede P V Ferreira M N Lopes and L A Rocha ldquoTRIZand the paradigms of social sustainability in product devel-opment endeavorsrdquo Procedia Engineering vol 131 pp 522ndash538 2015
[23] Z Liu D Hu Y Gao et al ldquoTRIZ based revised design fordisassembly of joint structurerdquo Journal of Mechanical Engi-neering vol 48 no 11 pp 65ndash71 2012
[24] X Ji X J Gu F Dai et al ldquoBioTRIZ-based product in-novative design processrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 48 no 1 pp 35ndash41 2014
[25] X L Li W Zhao Y K Zheng R Wang and C WangldquoInnovative product design based on comprehensive cus-tomer requirements of different cognitive levelsrdquo lte Sci-entific World Journal vol 2014 Article ID 627093 11 pages2014
[26] G D Zhai Z H Liang and M Y Li ldquoStudy on the Opti-mization model of a flexible transmissionrdquo MathematicalProblems in Engineering vol 2019 Article ID 508457312 pages 2019
18 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
MathematicsJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Mathematical Problems in Engineering
Applied MathematicsJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Probability and StatisticsHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Journal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Mathematical PhysicsAdvances in
Complex AnalysisJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
OptimizationJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Engineering Mathematics
International Journal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Operations ResearchAdvances in
Journal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Function SpacesAbstract and Applied AnalysisHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2013Hindawiwwwhindawicom
The Scientific World Journal
Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018Volume 2018
Numerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisAdvances inAdvances in Discrete Dynamics in
Nature and SocietyHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom
Dierential EquationsInternational Journal of
Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Decision SciencesAdvances in
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
AnalysisInternational Journal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Stochastic AnalysisInternational Journal of
Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom
B46
113
515
17
3 1 513
15
15
15
115
17
5 3 5 1 1
7 5 7 1 1
⎛⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠
(6)
332 Hierarchical Sequencing and Consistency Verification0e maximum eigenvalue λmax 65433 of the judgmentmatrix A11 was obtained by calculation and it was normalizedto ω(2)
11 (00608 00348 03419 01597 03419 00608) 0esix elements of the criterion layer are harmony dynamicssafety comfort practicality and individuality Consistency testis to test the coordination of the importance of each elementCI value of less than 1 indicates that consistency of thejudgmentmatrix is passed and the results are listed in Table 12
0e element bstij in the judgment matrix Bst is the comparisonmeasure of the superiority ofPt to C in the scheme layer (hand-held rotary tiller) 0e weight ω(3)
1t the maximum eigenvalueλmax and the consistency index CI1t were calculated from thecomparison judgment matrix B1t of the third layer and theresults are listed in Table 130e average of the total ranking ofthe scheme layers is shown in Table 14
After calculation the weight coefficient P of the 4 sampleschemes and a new conceptual design scheme of the targetlayer was obtained P1(C1) 007 P2(C2) 014 P3(C3)
006 P4(C4) 030 and P5(C5) 043 where Pt(C1) is theweight coefficient of sample 1 and so on 0erefore theinnovative conceptual design scheme was selected from thefive schemes because the weight coefficient of the conceptualdesign scheme P5(C5) was the largest one 043 0ismethod is effective and feasible for the innovative design ofagricultural machinery
4 Discussion
In order to improve the comprehensive quality of functionalproducts and meet the needs of users for product
Table 13 Calculation results of scheme layer of hand-held rotary tiller
B11ndashC B12ndashC B13ndashC B14ndashC B15ndashC B16ndashC Expert 1ω(3)1t 00815 00497 00417 00496 00434 00796
03322 03482 02016 01062 01063 0209100414 00465 00795 00797 01063 0043302290 02244 02156 02518 03720 0308603159 03312 04616 05127 03720 03594
λmax 52876 53691 52469 50252 50939 52194CI 00719 00923 00617 00063 00235 00548CR 00642 00824 00551 00056 00210 00490 Accept
B21ndashC B22ndashC B23ndashC B24ndashC B25ndashC B26ndashC Expert 2ω(3)2t 00856 01172 00712 00749 00658 00927
02247 02547 01524 01425 01209 0170500611 00502 00643 00422 00396 0034702799 02265 02619 04503 02726 0247303487 03515 04502 02902 05012 04547
λmax 54208 53773 52144 52785 52742 54268CI 01052 00943 00536 00696 00685 01067CR 00939 00842 00479 00622 00612 00935 Accept
B31ndashC B32ndashC B33ndashC B34ndashC B35ndashC B36ndashC Expert 3ω(3)3t 00855 00826 00669 00758 00692 00744
01832 01419 01231 01393 01074 0141600420 00379 00403 00359 00680 0044802247 02890 02595 04186 03393 0243404646 04485 05102 03304 04162 04957
λmax 53965 54257 53429 54404 52374 54451CI 00991 01064 00857 01101 00594 01113CR 00885 00950 00765 00983 00530 00994 Accept
B41ndashC B42ndashC B43ndashC B44ndashC B45ndashC B46ndashC Expert 4ω(3)4t 00846 00805 00697 00762 00658 00758
01454 01480 01216 01450 01209 0139300444 00452 00629 00429 00396 0035904757 03509 03538 03679 02726 0330402499 03754 03919 03679 05012 04186
λmax 54118 54301 52748 51295 52742 54404CI 01029 01075 00687 00324 00684 01101CR 00919 00960 00613 00289 00612 00983 Accept
16 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
personalization this paper puts forward the improvementexplanation of appearance and function and obtains the in-novative design scheme by introducing KE and TRIZ0eAHPwas used to evaluate the innovative design scheme Combiningwith the design of hand-held rotary tiller the correspondinginnovative design scheme was obtained and the design processwas attempted to be extended to other products 0e maincontent of the literature study [8 25 26] focused on the userrequirements mining or conceptual design stage and the re-searchers have not studied the application of detailed designstage and the subsequent evaluation of innovative design 0ispaper establishes an innovative design model from user needsmining conceptual design detailed design computer-aideddesign and scheme evaluation which is convenient for de-signers to design and develop products and also has a goodreference for innovative design of other products
However because the main research content of thispaper focuses on innovative design process the research onthe evaluation system of the scheme is insufficient In thefollowing work designers can introduce other design the-ories and methods to combine with existing research inorder to improve the process of innovative design
5 Conclusions
In order to improve the comprehensive quality of agricul-tural machinery products based on functional technologyand meet the needs of users the innovation design model ofagricultural machinery products based on KE-TRIZ wasconstructed
Firstly the designer used SD method and PCA methodto quantify and reduce the dimension of affective intentionwords aiming to select comprehensive variables repre-senting the needs of users Secondly by constructing a KE-TRIZ innovative design model the product appearance andfunction were innovatively designed and the contradictionbetween product appearance and function was analyzed tomake it well matched 0en taking the innovative design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as an example the applicationflow was described and the typical samples and designscheme were evaluated by the AHP which shows that themethod has obvious improvement in function and ap-pearance 0e KE-TRIZ method enables designers to designproducts more in line with the actual needs of users which iseffective and feasible for the innovative design of agriculturalmachinery
0e follow-up work is to further explore the integrationof technology cost and other multi-objective-driven in-novative designs of agricultural machinery products in orderto improve the applicability and integrity of the method
Data Availability
All data generated and analyzed during this study are in-cluded within the article
Conflicts of Interest
0e authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest
Authorsrsquo Contributions
Jian-wei Wang conceived and designed the study Jian-minZhang completed the design evaluation Jian-wei Wangcompleted product modeling Jian-min Zhang revised andpolished the manuscript All authors have read and ap-proved the final manuscript All authors contributed equallyto this work
Acknowledgments
0is work was supported by the Guizhou Natural ScienceFund Project (Guizhou Technology Cooperation SupportProgram (2017)1047) the Guizhou Science and TechnologyMajor Project (LH(2014)7629 LH(2016)7432 and LH(2017)7232) and the Academic New Seedling Cultivation andInnovation Exploration Specialization of Guizhou Univer-sity (Guizhou Platform Talents (2017)5788)
References
[1] G Q Yao C Q Xue and H Y Wang ldquoDesign method forcoach styling design based on image cognitionrdquo Journal ofSoutheast University Natural Science Edition vol 46 no 6pp 1198ndash1203 2016
[2] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei Engineering a new ergonomicconsumer-oriented technology for product developmentrdquoInternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 15 no 1pp 3ndash11 1995
[3] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei engineering as a powerful consumer-orientied technology for product developmentrdquo Applied Er-gonomics vol 33 no 3 pp 289ndash294 2002
[4] C E GolnooshRasoulifar and P Guy ldquoCommunicatingconsumer needs in the design process of branded productsrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015
[5] Y T Fu and S J Luo ldquoStyle perception-oriented productfamily shape gene designrdquo Comtuter IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 18 no 3 pp 449ndash457 2012
[6] L N Abdala R B Fernandes A Ogliari M Lower andJ Feldhusen ldquoCreative contributions of the methods of in-ventive principles of TRIZ and BioTRIZ to problem solvingrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 139 no 8 2017
[7] S Kim and B Yoon ldquoDeveloping a process of conceptgeneration for new product-service systems a QFD and
Table 14 Overall ranking result and average value of the third layer
Scheme Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 Scheme 5Expert 1 0048558458 0167268103 0083016534 0281635216 0419521689Expert 2 0072929489 0148099162 0051450184 0288521951 0438999215Expert 3 0070614603 0123757406 0050002922 0302460164 0453164905Expert 4 0070748371 0127513198 0049909632 0335077088 041675171Average value 006571273 0141659467 0058594818 0301923605 043210938
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 17
TRIZ-based approachrdquo Service Business vol 6 no 3pp 323ndash348 2012
[8] R H Tan R H Zhang F Liu and B J Yang ldquoTwo stagesanalogy-based conceptual design based on TRIZrdquo ComputerIntergrated Manufacturing Systems vol 12 no 3 pp 328ndash334 2006
[9] X Z Liu G N Qi J Z Fu B B Fan and J Xu ldquoA designprocess model of intergrated morphlolgical matrix andconflict resolving principlesrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 46 no 12 pp 2243ndash2258 2012
[10] Y H Cohen Y Reich and S Greenberg ldquoBiomineticsstructure-function patterns approachrdquo Journal of MechanicalDesign vol 136 no 11 2014
[11] L L Sun and F S Kong ldquoVisual comfort design of automobileseat based on Kansei engineering and TRIZ theoryrdquo Journal ofJinlin University Engineering and Technology Edition vol 44no 1 pp 106ndash110 2014
[12] W Chen C S Carolyn and Y Bernard ldquoSpecial issue userneeds and preferences in engineering designrdquo Journal ofMechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015
[13] Y X Huang C-H Chen and L P Khoo ldquoProducts clas-sification in emotional design using a basic-emotion basedsemantic differential methodrdquo International Journal of In-dustrial Ergonomics vol 42 no 6 pp 569ndash580 2012
[14] W Lu and J-F Petiot ldquoAffective design of products using anaudio-based protocol application to eyeglass framerdquo In-ternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 44 no 3pp 383ndash394 2014
[15] V Chulvi M C Gonzalez-Cruz E Mulet and J Aguilar-Zambrano ldquoInfluence of the type of idea-generation methodon the creativity of solutionsrdquo Research in Engineering Designvol 24 no 1 pp 33ndash41 2013
[16] B Mannan and Abid Haleem ldquoUnderstanding major di-mensions and determinants that help in diffusion amp adoptionof product innovation using AHP approachrdquo Journal ofGlobal Entrepreneurship Research vol 7 no 1 pp 1ndash24 2017
[17] T Wang and M R Liu ldquoApplication of QFD and AHP inrailway freight transportationrdquo Computer IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 24 no 1 pp 264ndash271 2018
[18] H-N Hsish J F Chen and Q H Du ldquoApplying TRIZ andfuzzy AHP based on lean production to develop an innovativedesign of a new shape for machine toolsrdquo Information vol 6no 1 pp 89ndash110 2015
[19] L-C Chen and L Lin ldquoOptimization of product configu-ration design using functional requirements and constraintsrdquoResearch in Engineering Design vol 13 no 3 pp 167ndash1822002
[20] Y Li M-D Shieh C-C Yang and L Zhu ldquoApplication offuzzy-based hybrid taguchi method for multiobjective opti-mization of product form designrdquo Mathematical Problems inEngineering vol 2018 Article ID 9091514 18 pages 2018
[21] Y Q Xu K Chen H B Qin and Z Y Wang ldquoStudy on theapplication of Kansei engineering in product form designrdquoApplied Mechanics and Materials vol 274 pp 513ndash516 2013
[22] S Hede P V Ferreira M N Lopes and L A Rocha ldquoTRIZand the paradigms of social sustainability in product devel-opment endeavorsrdquo Procedia Engineering vol 131 pp 522ndash538 2015
[23] Z Liu D Hu Y Gao et al ldquoTRIZ based revised design fordisassembly of joint structurerdquo Journal of Mechanical Engi-neering vol 48 no 11 pp 65ndash71 2012
[24] X Ji X J Gu F Dai et al ldquoBioTRIZ-based product in-novative design processrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 48 no 1 pp 35ndash41 2014
[25] X L Li W Zhao Y K Zheng R Wang and C WangldquoInnovative product design based on comprehensive cus-tomer requirements of different cognitive levelsrdquo lte Sci-entific World Journal vol 2014 Article ID 627093 11 pages2014
[26] G D Zhai Z H Liang and M Y Li ldquoStudy on the Opti-mization model of a flexible transmissionrdquo MathematicalProblems in Engineering vol 2019 Article ID 508457312 pages 2019
18 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
MathematicsJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Mathematical Problems in Engineering
Applied MathematicsJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Probability and StatisticsHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Journal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Mathematical PhysicsAdvances in
Complex AnalysisJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
OptimizationJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Engineering Mathematics
International Journal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Operations ResearchAdvances in
Journal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Function SpacesAbstract and Applied AnalysisHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2013Hindawiwwwhindawicom
The Scientific World Journal
Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018Volume 2018
Numerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisAdvances inAdvances in Discrete Dynamics in
Nature and SocietyHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom
Dierential EquationsInternational Journal of
Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Decision SciencesAdvances in
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
AnalysisInternational Journal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Stochastic AnalysisInternational Journal of
Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom
personalization this paper puts forward the improvementexplanation of appearance and function and obtains the in-novative design scheme by introducing KE and TRIZ0eAHPwas used to evaluate the innovative design scheme Combiningwith the design of hand-held rotary tiller the correspondinginnovative design scheme was obtained and the design processwas attempted to be extended to other products 0e maincontent of the literature study [8 25 26] focused on the userrequirements mining or conceptual design stage and the re-searchers have not studied the application of detailed designstage and the subsequent evaluation of innovative design 0ispaper establishes an innovative design model from user needsmining conceptual design detailed design computer-aideddesign and scheme evaluation which is convenient for de-signers to design and develop products and also has a goodreference for innovative design of other products
However because the main research content of thispaper focuses on innovative design process the research onthe evaluation system of the scheme is insufficient In thefollowing work designers can introduce other design the-ories and methods to combine with existing research inorder to improve the process of innovative design
5 Conclusions
In order to improve the comprehensive quality of agricul-tural machinery products based on functional technologyand meet the needs of users the innovation design model ofagricultural machinery products based on KE-TRIZ wasconstructed
Firstly the designer used SD method and PCA methodto quantify and reduce the dimension of affective intentionwords aiming to select comprehensive variables repre-senting the needs of users Secondly by constructing a KE-TRIZ innovative design model the product appearance andfunction were innovatively designed and the contradictionbetween product appearance and function was analyzed tomake it well matched 0en taking the innovative design ofthe hand-held rotary tiller as an example the applicationflow was described and the typical samples and designscheme were evaluated by the AHP which shows that themethod has obvious improvement in function and ap-pearance 0e KE-TRIZ method enables designers to designproducts more in line with the actual needs of users which iseffective and feasible for the innovative design of agriculturalmachinery
0e follow-up work is to further explore the integrationof technology cost and other multi-objective-driven in-novative designs of agricultural machinery products in orderto improve the applicability and integrity of the method
Data Availability
All data generated and analyzed during this study are in-cluded within the article
Conflicts of Interest
0e authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest
Authorsrsquo Contributions
Jian-wei Wang conceived and designed the study Jian-minZhang completed the design evaluation Jian-wei Wangcompleted product modeling Jian-min Zhang revised andpolished the manuscript All authors have read and ap-proved the final manuscript All authors contributed equallyto this work
Acknowledgments
0is work was supported by the Guizhou Natural ScienceFund Project (Guizhou Technology Cooperation SupportProgram (2017)1047) the Guizhou Science and TechnologyMajor Project (LH(2014)7629 LH(2016)7432 and LH(2017)7232) and the Academic New Seedling Cultivation andInnovation Exploration Specialization of Guizhou Univer-sity (Guizhou Platform Talents (2017)5788)
References
[1] G Q Yao C Q Xue and H Y Wang ldquoDesign method forcoach styling design based on image cognitionrdquo Journal ofSoutheast University Natural Science Edition vol 46 no 6pp 1198ndash1203 2016
[2] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei Engineering a new ergonomicconsumer-oriented technology for product developmentrdquoInternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 15 no 1pp 3ndash11 1995
[3] M Nagamachi ldquoKansei engineering as a powerful consumer-orientied technology for product developmentrdquo Applied Er-gonomics vol 33 no 3 pp 289ndash294 2002
[4] C E GolnooshRasoulifar and P Guy ldquoCommunicatingconsumer needs in the design process of branded productsrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015
[5] Y T Fu and S J Luo ldquoStyle perception-oriented productfamily shape gene designrdquo Comtuter IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 18 no 3 pp 449ndash457 2012
[6] L N Abdala R B Fernandes A Ogliari M Lower andJ Feldhusen ldquoCreative contributions of the methods of in-ventive principles of TRIZ and BioTRIZ to problem solvingrdquoJournal of Mechanical Design vol 139 no 8 2017
[7] S Kim and B Yoon ldquoDeveloping a process of conceptgeneration for new product-service systems a QFD and
Table 14 Overall ranking result and average value of the third layer
Scheme Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 Scheme 5Expert 1 0048558458 0167268103 0083016534 0281635216 0419521689Expert 2 0072929489 0148099162 0051450184 0288521951 0438999215Expert 3 0070614603 0123757406 0050002922 0302460164 0453164905Expert 4 0070748371 0127513198 0049909632 0335077088 041675171Average value 006571273 0141659467 0058594818 0301923605 043210938
Mathematical Problems in Engineering 17
TRIZ-based approachrdquo Service Business vol 6 no 3pp 323ndash348 2012
[8] R H Tan R H Zhang F Liu and B J Yang ldquoTwo stagesanalogy-based conceptual design based on TRIZrdquo ComputerIntergrated Manufacturing Systems vol 12 no 3 pp 328ndash334 2006
[9] X Z Liu G N Qi J Z Fu B B Fan and J Xu ldquoA designprocess model of intergrated morphlolgical matrix andconflict resolving principlesrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 46 no 12 pp 2243ndash2258 2012
[10] Y H Cohen Y Reich and S Greenberg ldquoBiomineticsstructure-function patterns approachrdquo Journal of MechanicalDesign vol 136 no 11 2014
[11] L L Sun and F S Kong ldquoVisual comfort design of automobileseat based on Kansei engineering and TRIZ theoryrdquo Journal ofJinlin University Engineering and Technology Edition vol 44no 1 pp 106ndash110 2014
[12] W Chen C S Carolyn and Y Bernard ldquoSpecial issue userneeds and preferences in engineering designrdquo Journal ofMechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015
[13] Y X Huang C-H Chen and L P Khoo ldquoProducts clas-sification in emotional design using a basic-emotion basedsemantic differential methodrdquo International Journal of In-dustrial Ergonomics vol 42 no 6 pp 569ndash580 2012
[14] W Lu and J-F Petiot ldquoAffective design of products using anaudio-based protocol application to eyeglass framerdquo In-ternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 44 no 3pp 383ndash394 2014
[15] V Chulvi M C Gonzalez-Cruz E Mulet and J Aguilar-Zambrano ldquoInfluence of the type of idea-generation methodon the creativity of solutionsrdquo Research in Engineering Designvol 24 no 1 pp 33ndash41 2013
[16] B Mannan and Abid Haleem ldquoUnderstanding major di-mensions and determinants that help in diffusion amp adoptionof product innovation using AHP approachrdquo Journal ofGlobal Entrepreneurship Research vol 7 no 1 pp 1ndash24 2017
[17] T Wang and M R Liu ldquoApplication of QFD and AHP inrailway freight transportationrdquo Computer IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 24 no 1 pp 264ndash271 2018
[18] H-N Hsish J F Chen and Q H Du ldquoApplying TRIZ andfuzzy AHP based on lean production to develop an innovativedesign of a new shape for machine toolsrdquo Information vol 6no 1 pp 89ndash110 2015
[19] L-C Chen and L Lin ldquoOptimization of product configu-ration design using functional requirements and constraintsrdquoResearch in Engineering Design vol 13 no 3 pp 167ndash1822002
[20] Y Li M-D Shieh C-C Yang and L Zhu ldquoApplication offuzzy-based hybrid taguchi method for multiobjective opti-mization of product form designrdquo Mathematical Problems inEngineering vol 2018 Article ID 9091514 18 pages 2018
[21] Y Q Xu K Chen H B Qin and Z Y Wang ldquoStudy on theapplication of Kansei engineering in product form designrdquoApplied Mechanics and Materials vol 274 pp 513ndash516 2013
[22] S Hede P V Ferreira M N Lopes and L A Rocha ldquoTRIZand the paradigms of social sustainability in product devel-opment endeavorsrdquo Procedia Engineering vol 131 pp 522ndash538 2015
[23] Z Liu D Hu Y Gao et al ldquoTRIZ based revised design fordisassembly of joint structurerdquo Journal of Mechanical Engi-neering vol 48 no 11 pp 65ndash71 2012
[24] X Ji X J Gu F Dai et al ldquoBioTRIZ-based product in-novative design processrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 48 no 1 pp 35ndash41 2014
[25] X L Li W Zhao Y K Zheng R Wang and C WangldquoInnovative product design based on comprehensive cus-tomer requirements of different cognitive levelsrdquo lte Sci-entific World Journal vol 2014 Article ID 627093 11 pages2014
[26] G D Zhai Z H Liang and M Y Li ldquoStudy on the Opti-mization model of a flexible transmissionrdquo MathematicalProblems in Engineering vol 2019 Article ID 508457312 pages 2019
18 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
MathematicsJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Mathematical Problems in Engineering
Applied MathematicsJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Probability and StatisticsHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Journal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Mathematical PhysicsAdvances in
Complex AnalysisJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
OptimizationJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Engineering Mathematics
International Journal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Operations ResearchAdvances in
Journal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Function SpacesAbstract and Applied AnalysisHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2013Hindawiwwwhindawicom
The Scientific World Journal
Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018Volume 2018
Numerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisAdvances inAdvances in Discrete Dynamics in
Nature and SocietyHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom
Dierential EquationsInternational Journal of
Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Decision SciencesAdvances in
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
AnalysisInternational Journal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Stochastic AnalysisInternational Journal of
Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom
TRIZ-based approachrdquo Service Business vol 6 no 3pp 323ndash348 2012
[8] R H Tan R H Zhang F Liu and B J Yang ldquoTwo stagesanalogy-based conceptual design based on TRIZrdquo ComputerIntergrated Manufacturing Systems vol 12 no 3 pp 328ndash334 2006
[9] X Z Liu G N Qi J Z Fu B B Fan and J Xu ldquoA designprocess model of intergrated morphlolgical matrix andconflict resolving principlesrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 46 no 12 pp 2243ndash2258 2012
[10] Y H Cohen Y Reich and S Greenberg ldquoBiomineticsstructure-function patterns approachrdquo Journal of MechanicalDesign vol 136 no 11 2014
[11] L L Sun and F S Kong ldquoVisual comfort design of automobileseat based on Kansei engineering and TRIZ theoryrdquo Journal ofJinlin University Engineering and Technology Edition vol 44no 1 pp 106ndash110 2014
[12] W Chen C S Carolyn and Y Bernard ldquoSpecial issue userneeds and preferences in engineering designrdquo Journal ofMechanical Design vol 137 no 7 2015
[13] Y X Huang C-H Chen and L P Khoo ldquoProducts clas-sification in emotional design using a basic-emotion basedsemantic differential methodrdquo International Journal of In-dustrial Ergonomics vol 42 no 6 pp 569ndash580 2012
[14] W Lu and J-F Petiot ldquoAffective design of products using anaudio-based protocol application to eyeglass framerdquo In-ternational Journal of Industrial Ergonomics vol 44 no 3pp 383ndash394 2014
[15] V Chulvi M C Gonzalez-Cruz E Mulet and J Aguilar-Zambrano ldquoInfluence of the type of idea-generation methodon the creativity of solutionsrdquo Research in Engineering Designvol 24 no 1 pp 33ndash41 2013
[16] B Mannan and Abid Haleem ldquoUnderstanding major di-mensions and determinants that help in diffusion amp adoptionof product innovation using AHP approachrdquo Journal ofGlobal Entrepreneurship Research vol 7 no 1 pp 1ndash24 2017
[17] T Wang and M R Liu ldquoApplication of QFD and AHP inrailway freight transportationrdquo Computer IntergratedManufacturing Syetems vol 24 no 1 pp 264ndash271 2018
[18] H-N Hsish J F Chen and Q H Du ldquoApplying TRIZ andfuzzy AHP based on lean production to develop an innovativedesign of a new shape for machine toolsrdquo Information vol 6no 1 pp 89ndash110 2015
[19] L-C Chen and L Lin ldquoOptimization of product configu-ration design using functional requirements and constraintsrdquoResearch in Engineering Design vol 13 no 3 pp 167ndash1822002
[20] Y Li M-D Shieh C-C Yang and L Zhu ldquoApplication offuzzy-based hybrid taguchi method for multiobjective opti-mization of product form designrdquo Mathematical Problems inEngineering vol 2018 Article ID 9091514 18 pages 2018
[21] Y Q Xu K Chen H B Qin and Z Y Wang ldquoStudy on theapplication of Kansei engineering in product form designrdquoApplied Mechanics and Materials vol 274 pp 513ndash516 2013
[22] S Hede P V Ferreira M N Lopes and L A Rocha ldquoTRIZand the paradigms of social sustainability in product devel-opment endeavorsrdquo Procedia Engineering vol 131 pp 522ndash538 2015
[23] Z Liu D Hu Y Gao et al ldquoTRIZ based revised design fordisassembly of joint structurerdquo Journal of Mechanical Engi-neering vol 48 no 11 pp 65ndash71 2012
[24] X Ji X J Gu F Dai et al ldquoBioTRIZ-based product in-novative design processrdquo Journal of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Science vol 48 no 1 pp 35ndash41 2014
[25] X L Li W Zhao Y K Zheng R Wang and C WangldquoInnovative product design based on comprehensive cus-tomer requirements of different cognitive levelsrdquo lte Sci-entific World Journal vol 2014 Article ID 627093 11 pages2014
[26] G D Zhai Z H Liang and M Y Li ldquoStudy on the Opti-mization model of a flexible transmissionrdquo MathematicalProblems in Engineering vol 2019 Article ID 508457312 pages 2019
18 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
MathematicsJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Mathematical Problems in Engineering
Applied MathematicsJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Probability and StatisticsHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Journal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Mathematical PhysicsAdvances in
Complex AnalysisJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
OptimizationJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Engineering Mathematics
International Journal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Operations ResearchAdvances in
Journal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Function SpacesAbstract and Applied AnalysisHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2013Hindawiwwwhindawicom
The Scientific World Journal
Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018Volume 2018
Numerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisAdvances inAdvances in Discrete Dynamics in
Nature and SocietyHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom
Dierential EquationsInternational Journal of
Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Decision SciencesAdvances in
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
AnalysisInternational Journal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Stochastic AnalysisInternational Journal of
Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
MathematicsJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Mathematical Problems in Engineering
Applied MathematicsJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Probability and StatisticsHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Journal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Mathematical PhysicsAdvances in
Complex AnalysisJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
OptimizationJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Engineering Mathematics
International Journal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Operations ResearchAdvances in
Journal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Function SpacesAbstract and Applied AnalysisHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2013Hindawiwwwhindawicom
The Scientific World Journal
Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018Volume 2018
Numerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisNumerical AnalysisAdvances inAdvances in Discrete Dynamics in
Nature and SocietyHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom
Dierential EquationsInternational Journal of
Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Decision SciencesAdvances in
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
AnalysisInternational Journal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Stochastic AnalysisInternational Journal of
Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom