research on student citizenship behaviors and the implications for practice
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Research on student citizenship behaviors and the implications for practice. Will Barratt, Ph.D. Indiana State University ACPA 2010, March 22, 2010. Student learning outcomes. When students walk across the stage at graduation what do you want them to know or be able to do? (Theory). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Research on student citizenship behaviors and
the implications for practiceWill Barratt, Ph.D.
Indiana State UniversityACPA 2010, March 22, 2010
When students walk across the stage at graduation what do you want them to know or be able to do?
(Theory)
Student learning outcomes
Critical Thinking Self Awareness Communication Skills Diversity Citizenship Membership and Leadership Relationships (Theory to research)
University Learning Outcomes Assessment (UniLOA)
Theory is an analytical tool, a model of reality that should have:◦ Explanatory value◦ Predictive value
About theory
1. Noun - A nationality status. For example I am a citizen of the United States of America.
2. Verb – A participation in the governance process. For example I vote.
a) In the USA this is participation in the multiparty representative democratic process.
b) In the PRC this is participation in the Communist Party democratic process.
About citizenship
Mark Frederick and I decided to collect data on the extent to which students self reported participating in behaviors associated with citizenship, as well as behaviors associated with critical thinking, with self awareness . . .
About citizenship
When students walk across the stage at graduation, what citizenship behaviors do you want them to do?
(Theory to research)
Citizenship behaviors
Start with many items, end up with a few◦ Conceptual analysis
Are there too many about voting?◦ Answer distribution
Does everyone score the same? Is there a range?◦ Item intercorrelation
Are two or more items too highly correlated?◦ Scale reliability
How will including, or excluding, an item affect alpha?
◦ (Theory to research)
Citizenship behaviors
I spend time researching candidates before I vote. For example I will read some independent sources about more than one presidential candidate before making up my mind.
Never Always1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
I am serious about voting. For example I actively access the media to learn about and to address questions about a candidate’s platform, beliefs, and values.
Never Always1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
I am informed of current events. For example I regularly read, listen, or watch various media to remain current in my knowledge of local, regional, national and international events.
Never Always1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
I vote. For example I am registered and vote in campus, local, state and national elections.
Never Always1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
I know about current issues within the community. For example I know what the hot political and social issues are in my town.
Never Always1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
I contribute financially to causes I believe in. For example I make financial donations to charities, organizations, and causes.
Never Always1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
I can identify good political leaders. For example I am able to report to others the values, voting records, platform and political philosophy held by political leaders and understand how these compliment or contrast to those of the community.
Never Always1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
I engage in the political process through voicing viewpoints. For example I write letters to the editor, engage in debate with others, or contact political leaders to voice my opinion.
Never Always1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
I empower those around me. For example I actively seek the opinions of others and assess them in contrast to my own and am able to withhold judgment of the other person
Never Always1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
I am active in organizations related to professional and personal interests without overextending my commitments. For example I belong to professional and hobby clubs and groups.
Never Always1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Behaviors exist within a:◦ Cultural context◦ Social context◦ Political context◦ Historical context◦ etc.◦ etc. ◦ etc.
Citizenship behaviors
The UniLOA citizenship scale reflects behaviors qualitatively analyzed to create a grounded theory of citizenship that was quantitatively analyzed to be reliable and conceptually analyzed to be valid.
Grounded theory
A factor analysis using varimax rotation identified two groups of items on the UniLOA:
◦ Factor one, (eigenvalue of 23.3): Interdependence was composed primarily of 15 items from 6 of the 7 scales.
◦ Factor two, (eigenvalue of 2.7): Citizenship was composed of 9 of the 10 items on that scale.
Factor analysis
Indiana State University Grand Valley State University Oklahoma City University Washburn University University of South Florida – St. Petersburg Eastern Illinois University Athletes
Data Source - Campus
Delta Upsilon Alpha Tau Omega Delta Sigma Phi Phi Kappa Tau Zeta Tau Alpha
Data Source - Greek
18159 participants from all combined on-paper and on-line data collection efforts
UniLOA ◦ 70 items – 7 scales, 10 items each, plus 1
combination scale with 15 items◦ 30 demographic questions◦ Campus/Fraternity/Sorority specific items
Specifics
Scale Standardized Cronbach’s Alpha
Critical Thinking .87Self Awareness .80Communication Skills .80Diversity .80Citizenship .85Membership and Leadership .84Relationships .80
Reliability
What is going on that causes these results?
What do these results suggest that we do more of or less of?
Ask
All domain data
Total60.00
62.00
64.00
66.00
68.00
70.00
72.00
74.00
76.00
78.00
80.00
Critical Thinking AverageSelf Awareness AverageCommunication AverageDiversity AverageCitizenship AverageMembership and Leadership AverageRelationships AverageInterdependence Average
Domains by gender
Avera
ge of
Critical
Think
ing
Avera
ge of
Self A
warenes
s
Avera
ge of
Commun
icatio
n
Avera
ge of
Diversi
ty
Avera
ge of
Citizen
ship
Avera
ge of
Member
ship a
nd Lea
dersh
ip
Avera
ge of
Relatio
nships
Avera
ge of
Interd
epen
dence
60.0062.0064.0066.0068.0070.0072.0074.0076.0078.0080.00
MaleFemale
Domains by Non-Greek / Greek
Critic
al Thi
nking
Self A
warenes
s
Communi
cation
Diversi
ty
Citize
nship
Membe
rship
and L
eade
rship
Relat
ionshi
ps
Interd
epende
nce
60.00
62.00
64.00
66.00
68.00
70.00
72.00
74.00
76.00
78.00
80.00
Non-GreekGreek
Domains by hours completed
0-15 16-30 31-45 46-60 61-75 76-90 91-105 106-12060.00
62.00
64.00
66.00
68.00
70.00
72.00
74.00
76.00
78.00
80.00
Critical Thinking Self Awareness Communication Diversity Citizenship Membership and Leadership Relationships Interdependence
Domains by age
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Over 2560.00
62.00
64.00
66.00
68.00
70.00
72.00
74.00
76.00
78.00
80.00
Critical Thinking Self Awareness Communication Diversity Citizenship Membership and Leadership Relationships Interdependence
Domains by GPA
0.0-0.5 0.51-1.0 1.01-1.5 1.51-2.0 2.01-2.5 2.51-3.0 3.01-3.5 3.51-4.050.00
55.00
60.00
65.00
70.00
75.00
80.00
Critical Thinking Self Awareness Communication Diversity Citizenship Membership and Leadership Relationships Interdependence
Domains by number of organizational memberships
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Over 860.00
62.00
64.00
66.00
68.00
70.00
72.00
74.00
76.00
78.00
80.00
Critical Thinking Self Awareness Communication Diversity Citizenship Membership and Leadership Relationships Interdependence
Domains by number of offices held
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Over 860.00
62.00
64.00
66.00
68.00
70.00
72.00
74.00
76.00
78.00
80.00
Critical Thinking Self Awareness Communication Diversity Citizenship Membership and Leadership Relationships Interdependence
Domains by Ethnicity
Critica
l Think
ing
Self A
warenes
s
Communi
cation
Diversi
ty
Citize
nship
Membe
rship
and L
eaders
hip
Relat
ionshi
ps
Interd
epende
nce
60.00
62.00
64.00
66.00
68.00
70.00
72.00
74.00
76.00
78.00
80.00
European-AmericanAfrican-AmericanHispanic-AmericanAsian Pacific Island-AmericanNative AmericanInternational StudentOther
Domains by year
2006 2007 2008 200950.00
55.00
60.00
65.00
70.00
75.00
80.00
Critical Thinking Self Awareness Communication Diversity Citizenship Membership and Leadership Relationships Interdependence
Citizenship by Major
Total56.00
58.00
60.00
62.00
64.00
66.00
68.00
70.00
72.00
74.00
ArtsBusinessEducationEngineeringGeneral StudiesHealthHumanitiesPre-LawPre-Medical or Pre-DentalRecreation, Sports, and LeisureScienceSocial SciencesTechnologyUndeclared
Citizenship by military status
I have never served Discharged from Active Service I serve/served in the Reserve61.00
62.00
63.00
64.00
65.00
66.00
67.00
Citizenship
Total
Citizenship by athletic scholarship
Yes No61
62
63
64
65
66
67
Athletic Scholarship
Total
Citizenship by academic scholarship
Yes No61
62
63
64
65
66
67
Academic Scholarship
Total
Citizenship by hours per week volunteering
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Over 958.00
60.00
62.00
64.00
66.00
68.00
70.00
72.00
Hrs / Wk Volunteer Activity
Total
Citizenship items by gender
Average of i5
Average of i12
Average of i19
Average of i26
Average of i33
Average of i40
Average of i47
Average of i54
Average of i61
Average of i68
5.00
5.50
6.00
6.50
7.00
7.50
MenWomen
I am informed of current events. For example I regularly read, listen, or watch various media to remain current in my knowledge of local, regional, national and international events.
Item 19
Men Women6.006.106.206.306.406.506.606.706.806.907.00
Item 19
Item 19
I know about current issues within the community. For example I know what the hot political and social issues are in my town.
Item 33
Men Women6.006.106.206.306.406.506.606.706.806.907.00
Item 33
Item 33
I can identify good political leaders. For example I am able to report to others the values, voting records, platform and political philosophy held by political leaders and understand how these compliment or contrast to those of the community.
Item 47
Men Women6.006.106.206.306.406.506.606.706.806.907.00
Item 47
Item 47
I engage in the political process through voicing viewpoints. For example I write letters to the editor, engage in debate with others, or contact political leaders to voice my opinion.
Item 54
Men Women5.005.105.205.305.405.505.605.705.805.906.00
Item 54
Item 54
I vote. For example I am registered and vote in campus, local, state and national elections.
3 highest citizenship items
I am active in organizations related to professional and personal interests without overextending my commitments. For example I belong to professional and hobby clubs and groups.
3 highest citizenship items
I empower those around me. For example I actively seek the opinions of others and assess them in contrast to my own and am able to withhold judgment of the other person
3 highest citizenship items
I know about current issues within the community. For example I know what the hot political and social issues are in my town.
3 lowest citizenship items
I contribute financially to causes I believe in. For example I make financial donations to charities, organizations, and causes.
3 lowest citizenship items
I engage in the political process through voicing viewpoints. For example I write letters to the editor, engage in debate with others, or contact political leaders to voice my opinion.
3 lowest citizenship items
Students report less frequent behaviors related to citizenship than they do for other learning outcomes.
So what?
Total60.00
62.00
64.00
66.00
68.00
70.00
72.00
74.00
76.00
Critical Thinking AverageSelf Awareness AverageCommunication AverageDiversity AverageCitizenship AverageMembership and Leadership Av-erageRelationships AverageInterdependence Average
Organizational membership is a good thing, to a point.
So what?
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Over 860.00
62.00
64.00
66.00
68.00
70.00
72.00
74.00
76.00
78.00
80.00
Critical Thinking Self Awareness Communication Diversity Citizenship Membership and Leadership Relationships Interdependence
Organizational leadership is a good thing, to a point.
So what?
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Over 860.00
62.00
64.00
66.00
68.00
70.00
72.00
74.00
76.00
78.00
80.00
Critical Thinking Self Awareness Communication Diversity Citizenship Membership and Leadership Relationships Interdependence
College has an overall positive effect.
So what?
0-15 16-30 31-45 46-60 61-75 76-90 91-105 106-120
60.00
62.00
64.00
66.00
68.00
70.00
72.00
74.00
76.00
78.00
80.00
Critical Thinking Self Awareness Communication Diversity Citizenship Membership and Leadership Relationships Interdependence
Age has an overall positive effect.
So What?
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Over 25
60.00
62.00
64.00
66.00
68.00
70.00
72.00
74.00
76.00
78.00
80.00
Critical Thinking Self Awareness Communication Diversity Citizenship Membership and Leadership Relationships Interdependence
