D.K.SINGHProfessor, Vegetable Science

G.B.Pant University of Agriculture & TechnologyPantnagar 263145-INDIA

dks1233@gmail.com

RESEARCH ON TOMATO LEAF CURL VIRUS IN INDIA AND COLLABORATION OPPORTUNITY WITH

PANTNAGAR UNIVERSITY

Countries Area(million ha)

Production (Million MT)

Rank Productivity (t/ha)

WORLD 4.81 164 - 34.7

CHINA 1 50 I 50

INDIA 0.88 18.7 II 21

USA 0.15 13.2 III 87.96

Tomato- Area, Production and Productivity

State Area Production Productivity (000 ha) (000 MT) (MT/HA)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ANDHRA PRADESH 167.72 (I) 3354.47 (I) 20.0KARNATAKA 61.04 2068.38 (II) 33.9 (I)MADHYA PRADESH 65.72 1937.37 29.5 (II)TELANGANA 74.19 (III) 1483.71 20.0ODISHA 97.02 (II) 1385.96 14.3GUJARAT 44.57 1259.01 28.2 (III)MAHARASHTRA 50.00 1200.00 24.0WEST BENGAL 56.50 1141.50 20.2BIHAR 47.69 1061.77 22.3CHHATISHGARH 50.38 814.22 16.2HIMACHAL PRADESH 29.42 627.28 21.3OTHERS 137.8 2402.2 17.4TOTAL 882.03 18735.91 21.2

State-wise Area, Production & Productivity of Tomatoin India

Present Status of TLCV in India

• Infestation of TLCV losses often exceed 90%.

• TLCV belong to family Geminiviridae genus Begumovirus,transmitted by white fly.

• White fly having ability to develop pesticide resistance.

55 distinct begomovirus species have been identified and found to infect tomato

under field conditions. Among these, 38 begomovirus species are associated

with ToLCD and 17 with TYLCD.

Kings et al., 2011

Africa, America, part of Europe and

AsiaThe India and Indian sub continent,

Australia, Taiwan, Oman and Panama

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Distinct tomato-infecting begomovirus (monopartite) in India

1. Tomato Leaf Curl Karnataka Virus (ToLCKV)

2. Tomato Leaf Curl Bangalore Virus (ToLCBV)

3. Tomato Leaf Curl Gujrat Virus (ToLCGV)

4. Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus (ToLCNDV)

5. Tomato Leaf Curl India Virus

6. Tomato Leaf Curl Rajasthan Virus (ToLCRV)

7. Tomato Leaf Curl Palampur Virus (ToLCPaV)

8. Tomato Leaf Curl Pune Virus (ToLCPuV)

9. Tomato Leaf Curl Kerala Virus (ToLCKeV)

10. Tomato Leaf Curl Patna Virus (ToLCPaV)

11. Tomato Leaf Curl Lucknow Virus (ToLCLuV)

12. Tomato Leaf Curl Joydebpur Virus (ToLCJoV)

Distribution of Tomato Begomoviruses in India

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Gene and Resistant Species Against TLCV

Sl. No. Gene Resistant Species

1. Ty-1 Solanum chilense

2. Ty-2 Solanum habrochaites

3. Ty-3 Solanum chilense

4. Ty-4 Solanum chilense

5. Ty-5 Solanum peruvianum

Ty-2

Ty-1, Ty-3, Ty-4

Ty-5

Ty-1

57

Solanum habrochaites Solanum peruvianum

Solanum chilense Solanum pimpinellifolium

20

Infectivity Analysis of Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus in Tomato Accessions

Accessions Source Plant infected/inoculated

First symptom appearance

Symptom severity

Overall grade

LA 1777 S.habrochaites 9/75 (12%) 12 + HT

CLN2116B S.hirsutum 28/75 (37.3%) 10 ++ MT

TLBRH5 S.habrochaites 29/75 (38.6%) 10 ++ MT

TLBRH6 S.habrochaites 29/75 (38.6%) 10 ++ MT

EC520071 S.peruvianum 27/75 (36%) 10 ++ MT

IIHR2202 S.habrochaites 45/75 (60%) 8 +++ S

H24 S.habrochaites 39/75 (52%) 9 +++ S

FLA 496-11-6-1-0

S.chilense 41/75 (54.6%) 8 +++ S

FLA 478-6-3-1-11

S.chilense 42/75 (56%) 9 +++ S

FLA653-3-1-0

S.chilense 44/75(58.6%) 8 +++ S

Continued….

FLA456-4 S. chilense 41/75 (54.6%)

8 +++ S

CLN2026 S. hirsutum 38/75(50.6%) 9 +++ S

CLN2498D S. hirsutum 39/75 (52%) 9 +++ S

99S-C-39-20-11-24-17-0

NA 43/75 (57.3%)

8 +++ S

BL1172 NA 45/75(60%) 8 +++ S

EC20060 S.hirsutum 68/75(90.6%) 6 ++++ HS

15SBSB S. lycopersicon 71/75 (94.6) 6 ++++ HS

EC520070 S.peruvianum 67/75 (89.3%)

6 ++++ HS

TY55 S. chilense 70/75 (93.3%)

6 ++++ HS

TY52 S. chilense 71/75 (94.6%)

5 ++++ HS

Screening of Tomato Lines Against ToLCV Disease Under Natural Epiphytotic Conditions, Ludhiana

Genotype % ToLCV infection

Reaction to ToLCV PCR reaction

58-11-1-1 0 Resistant -

56-14-7 0 Resistant -

C-L-7 0 Resistant +

CA-L-29 10 Mild +

CA-L-50 20 Mild +

AN-L-62 0 Resistant +

TY-52 0 Resistant -

CLN 2498E 10 Mild -

CA 4 0 Resistant -

Punjab Upma 100 Severe Infection +

Punjab Chhuhara

100 Severe Infection +

Contd….

Genotype No. ofplants

inoculated

No. of plants infected (days after inoculation)

% infection

Ration toToLCV

PCR reaction

15 30 45 90

58-11-1-1 10 0 3 8 8 80 Mild +

56-14-7 10 2 5 9 9 90 Moderate +

C-L-7 10 7 10 10 10 100 Severe infection

+

CA-L-29 10 10 10 10 10 100 Severe infection

+

CA-L-50 10 8 9 10 10 100 Severe infection

+

AN-L-62 10 7 9 10 10 100 Moderate +

TY 52 10 2 5 7 7 70 Moderate +

CLN 2498 E 10 6 10 10 10 100 Moderate +

CA 4 10 0 2 7 7 70 Mild +

Punjab Upma* 10 9 10 10 10 100 Very severe infection

+

Punjab Chhuhara*

10 10 10 10 10 100 Very severe infection

+

Screening of Tomato Lines Against To LCV Disease Under Glasshouse Conditions Using Viruliferous Whiteflies

Tomato (Biotic Stresses)

Viral: ToLCD (TYLCD)

• Caused by different Begomoviruses transmitted bywhitefly (Bemisia tabaci ).

• Major production constraint in tomato cultivation intropical & sub-tropical regions of world.

• Symptoms are vein clearing, puckering, leaf curling &stunting.

Shoots become distorted with yellowing

Leaflets are reduced in size and curled upwards

• Fruit yield loss has been reported up to 100%

• Conventional disease control strategiesuneconomical & not very effective

• Development of disease resistant/ tolerantvarieties/ F1 hybrids is the most practical way

• Un-stable performance of ToLCVR vars/ F1sdue to prevalence of different virus & strains

• North Indian States (Bipartite)tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV)tomato leaf curl Gujarat virus (ToLCGV)

• South Indian States (Monopartite)tomato leaf curl Bangalore virus (ToLCBV)tomato leaf curl Karnataka virus (ToLCKV)

TLBR-6 x IIHR-2202 (CLN-2123-DC1F1-111-17-21-2-12)

(TLBRH-9)

ARKA ANANYA

ToLCV+BWR F1

H-24 (ToLCVR) x 15 SB SB (BWR)

F1 x 15 SB SB BC1F7 (TLBR-4, 5 & 6)

F7 (TLBR-1,2 & 3)

Breeding for Combined Resistance to ToLCV + BW

196 F1 hybrids produced by 14 x 14 full diallel (6 TLBR + 8 TLBR)

DEVELOPMENT OF TRIPLE DISEASE RESISTANT LINES

IIHR-2202 x IIHR-1816 (NCEBR-1) (CLN-2123-DC1F1-111-17-21-2-12) (MR to EB)(ToLCV + BW) (Ty-2 based)

F1 x IIHR-1816

BC1F1 (ToLCV+BW+EB resistant plants selected under artificial conditions

and advanced )

BC1F7 TLBER-7-12-15-28, 7-12-15-29, 7-4-11-29, 7-4-11-34, 38-7-4-27, 38-7-41-43 & 12-21-43-1 with triple resistance were selected

TLBER-38-7-4-27 SB IIHR-2832 (TLCV+BWR)(CLN-2498E)

HYBRID DEVELOPMENT: TLBER LINES CROSSED WITH ELITE LINES

x

HYBRID-240 (Arka Samrat)

F1

TLBER-12-21-43-1 SB IIHR-2833 (TLCV+BWR)CLN-2498D

HYBRID DEVELOPMENT: TLBER LINES CROSSED WITH ELITE LINES

x

HYBRID-241 (Arka Rakshak)

F1

Response of Tomato Cultivars Against Tomato Leaf Curl Virus Disease Under Field Conditions in UP

Cultivars DI(%)2007-08

Reaction2007-08

Cultivars DI(%)2007-08

Reaction2007-08

Arka Vikas 69.12 HS Punjab Keshari 56.51 S

Arka Ashish 58.85 S Pusha Ruby 62.42 HS

Arka Meghali 68.34 HS Hisar Arun 63.92 HS

Avinash-2 49.85 S NDT-96 60.21 HS

Arka Alok 75.00 HS Sankranthi 74.36 HS

Arka Abha 70.80 HS Nandhi 76.38 HS

BT-18 51.44 S Utsav 63.92 HS

BT-18 62.17 HS Hisar anmol 53.49 MR

Pusha Gaurav 56.81 S NDT-73 63.92 HS

Selection-18 58.25 HS Selection-31 70.80 S

NDT-3 56.21 HS Check VarietyPunjab Chhuhara

63.52 HS

Flora Dade 59.43 HS

Production of Tomato Hybrids and their Reaction to ToLCD in the Field During the Summer Season at Bengaluru

Commercial hybrid

No. of plants

infected/planted

%infected

Symptom severity

Commercial hybrid No. of plants

infected/planted

%infected

Symptom severity

Mrithyunjaya-2 11.1 M Arka Vikas 100 S

US-1035 100 S PKM-1 100 S

US-1034 100 S Pusa Ruby 100 S

US-618 100 S Arka Meghali 100 S

Lakshmi 10.5 M Arka Abha 100 S

Sasya 9449 16.7 M Arka Ahuthi 100 S

Parents - - Arka Alok 100 S

Sankranthi - R LCR-9 87.5 S

Nandi - R LCR-1 100 S

Vybhav - R CLN 2123A 11.1 M

Screening of Tomato Genotypes for the Incidence of ToLCD Under Greenhouse Conditions in Hyderabad (AP)

Variety/Hybrid

ToLCD(%)

infection

Reaction Variety/Hybrid

ToLCD(%)

infection

Reaction

Pusa Hybrid-1 90 S Akash-918 13 R

Pusa Ruby 76 S US-2175 20 R

Arka Meghali 80 S US-618 27 MR

Arka Alok 100 S PKM-1 60 MS

Arka Abhijit 100 S Marutham 77 S

Arka Vikas 100 S Sankranti 46 MR

Arka Sourabh 100 S Nandi 70 MS

Lakshmi Hybrid 80 S STH-807 7 R

Punjab Chuhara

100 S STH-803 20 R

Occurrence of TLCD in different Agro Climatic Zones of Gujarat

Districts Agro Climatic Zones

Tomato Variety

Average percentage of

TLCD incidence

Gandhinagar North Gujarat Abhinav 100%

Kheda Middle Gujarat Him Sohna

Alankar

100%

100%

Mehsana North Gujarat Him Sohna

Abhinav

80%

80%

Panchmahal Middle Gujarat Namdhari 60%

Rajkot North Gujarat US 440

Him Sohna

80%

70%

Promising Genotype

• Two lines, VRT-02-13-3 (joint less) and VRT-03-1-8(yellow fruited) with high level of field resistance totomato leaf curl virus resistance, were tested for levelof resistance through agro inoculation by monopartiteTomato Leaf Curl Bangalore Virus, bipartite virusTomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus and Tomato LeafCurl Palampur Disease scores recorded on twoindependent tests indicated to high level of resistance

KASHI VISHESH (H-86)

This TLCV resistant variety has been developed throughbackcross pedigree selection using L. hirusutum f. glabratumB-6013 as a donor parent at IIVR, Varanasi and notified byCVRC Notification no. 597(E) dated 25.04.2006. It hasdeterminate growth habit, dark green foliage, red sphericalmedium to large fruits each of 80 g. First harvest can be takenat 70-75 days after transplanting. Suitable for J & K, H.P.,Uttarakhand, Punjab, U.P., Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhatishgarh,Orissa, A.P., Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala and has yieldpotential of 430-450 q/ha.

KASHI AMRIT (DVRT-1)

This variety has been developed through backcrosspedigree method from a cross (Sel-7 x L. hirsutum f.glabratum B-6013) at IIVR, Varanasi and notified by CVRCNotification no. 597(E) dated 25.04.2006. It is adeterminate variety bearing medium to large size, roundattractive red fleshy fruits each weighing ~100g. It issuitable for cultivation in TLCV prone areas and has yieldpotential of 620-635 q/ha in 115-120 days of cropduration.

Verities Through Marker Assisted Selection (MAS)

• The resistance genes have been successfullyintrogressed into the commercial cultivars. PunjabAgricultural University, Ludhiana

• Punjab Varkha Bahar-1

• Punjab Varkha Bahar-2

• Punjab Varkha Bahar-4

ToLCV Resistant Hybrids

NS-501

Popular commercial F1 hybrids

Acidic segment Regular

Laxmi (NUN-5005) AbhinavUS-618 & 3140 NS 501Shivam (RAASI) 1057Arka Samrat Arka RakshakNS 585, 592 AshokaVNR 3357 Anju

Effect of Different Oil Sprays on TLCV

Oil Treatments Percent disease incidence (PDI)

After 15 days After 30 days After 45 days

Mineral oil

Sunspray R oil 16.66 41.66 58.33

Volck R oil 20.83 45.83 66.66

Vegetable oil

Cottonseed oil 25.00 45.83 70.83

Soyabean oil 29.16 50.00 75.00

Neem oil 12.50 33.33 54.16

Essential oil

Oscimum oil 16.66 41.66 58.33

Lemongrass oil 20.83 37.50 62.50

Control Untreated 37.50 70.83 87.50

Identification of new resistant sources

Pyramiding of Ty-1, Ty-2, Ty-3 along with major and minor QTL

like Ty-4, Ty-5 and Ty-6 can provide a stable resistance.

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FUTURE COLLABORATION WITH GBPUAT PANTNAGAR UNIVERSITY

CROP VIEW IN POLYHOUSE AT VRC, PANT P HYBRID TOMATO -2

Crop view at VRC ( Pant P. Hybrid Tomato1

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