RESEARCH PROBLEM

Topics

Research problem

Selecting the Problem

Do‟s and Don'ts in selecting the problem

Practice Research Questions

Necessity of defining research question

Techniques involved in research question

(i) Research Problem

A research problem, in general, refers to some difficulty which a researcher experiences in the context of either a theoretical or practical situation and wants to obtain a solution for the same.

Research problem should satisfy following conditions to qualify as research problem.

At least two possible outcome

Is television going to survive in digital eye or will it become obsolete like digital camera? (two)

What are the factors motivate young people to commit violence? (may be more than two)

There might be possible one outcome want as objective by researcher :

Television is not going to survive in digital eye.(Check True or not)

Outcome doesn‟t have equal chance

What will you get if you toss a coin? (equal chance)

Is television going to survive in digital eye or will it

become obsolete like digital camera?

What are the factors motivate young people to

commit violence?

(ii) Selecting the problem

The research problem undertaken for study must be carefully selected.

An „angle‟ for your research can come from insights stemming from:

personal experience

theory

observations

engagement with the literature

Subject which is overdone should not be normally

chosen, for it will be a difficult task to throw any

new light in such a case.

(iii) Do‟s and Don‟t in Selecting the Problem

(iii)Do‟s and Don‟t in Selecting the Problem

Controversial subject should not become the choice

of an average researcher.

(iii) Do‟s and Don‟t in Selecting the Problem

Research Question should be clear.

Unclear: Why are social networking sites harmful?

Clear: How are online users experiencing or addressing privacy

issues on such social networking sites as MySpace and Facebook?

Which social networking site? (My space and Facebook)

Type of harm (privacy issues)

Who gets harm? (users)

(iii) Do‟s and Don‟t in Selecting the Problem

Research Question should be focused.

Unfocused: What is the effect on the environment from global warming?

Focused: How is glacial melting affecting penguins in Antarctica?

So broad (Can‟t answer in college level paper)

specific cause (glacial melting)

specific place (Antarctica)

specific group affected (Penguin)

(iii) Do‟s and Don‟t in Selecting the Problem

Research Question should be appropriately complex.

Too simple: How are doctors addressing diabetes in the India?

Appropriately Complex: What are common traits of those suffering from diabetes

in India, and how can these commonalities be used to aid the medical community in

prevention of the disease?

Simple question (if looked up online, get answered immediately. No role of analysis)

Complex one require significant investigation and evaluation.

Go back

(iii) Do‟s and Don‟t in Selecting the Problem

The subject selected for research should be familiar

and feasible so that the related research material

or sources of research are within one‟s reach.

Other factors such as cost and time also considered.

(iii) Do‟s and Don‟t in Selecting the Problem

The selection of a problem must be preceded by a

preliminary study (not necessary if it is already done )

when the field of inquiry is relatively new and does not

have available a set of well developed techniques, a

brief feasibility study must always be undertaken.

(iv) Judge this Questions

Is television going to survive in digital era or will it become obsolete

like digital camera?

iv) Judge this Questions

Does negative news interest people more than positive news?

iv) Judge this Questions

What are the factors motivate young people to commit violence?

iv) Judge this Questions

What factors contribute to a low turnout among

women voters in elections in Pakistan?

iv) Judge this Questions

Do students think about the career options first

before choosing education or careers come second?

(v) Necessity of defining the problem

“Clearly stated research problem is half solved”

ill defined problem may create hurdles like

What data are to be collected?

What characteristics of data are relevant and need to be studied?

What relations are to be explored.

What techniques are to be used for the purpose?

Research Question

Why is productivity in Japan so much higher than in

India?

What sort of productivity is being referred to?

With what industries the same is related?

With what period of time the productivity is being talked

about?

(vi) Techniques Involved in Defining a

Problem

Defining a research problem properly and clearly

is a crucial part of a research study and must in no

case be accomplished hurriedly.

It contains five steps:

(a)Statement of the problem in a general way

Define the problem in general way

Ex: Does negative news interest people more than positive news?

Narrow it down by rethinking over the problem. (Consider feasibility of problem)

Ex: Does negative news such as robbery, corruption interest people more than positive news like country economic growth ?

How to define in general way?

Study the related subject thoroughly

Do preliminary survey or pilot survey

(b) Understanding the nature of the problem

Best way to understand the problem is through

discussion.

Discussion with the people who has good knowledge

about that problem.

(c) Surveying the available literature

Survey all the research which are already undertaken in related problem.

It helps to

Narrow down the problem

To identify research gaps

Gives new ideas in related area

Helps for research design

(d) Developing the ideas through discussions

Discussion always produces useful information.

Various new ideas can be developed through such an exercise.

Researcher must discuss his/her problem with his/ her colleagues and others who have enough experience in the same area or in working on similar problems. This is known as experience survey.

(e) Rephrasing the research problem

Rephrase the research problem in to operational term.

Initial research question: Why is productivity in Japan so much higher than in India?

After, the problem has understood, available literature has taken place and discussion over the problem has taken place, the question has rephrased.

Rephrased Research question: What factors were responsible for the higher labor productivity of Japan‟s manufacturing industries during the decade 1971 to 1980 relative to India‟s manufacturing industries?”