research subject descriptions - casbandwidth and ultra-low power consumption. photonic interconnect...

2011 Samsung Electronics Co., LTD. (“SEC”)

Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (“SAIT”)

Global Research Outreach Program (“GRO”)

Research Subject Descriptions

SAIT invites novel research ideas across SEC’s broad industry presence and

areas of research.

University researchers are invited to address specific research subjects.

Research subjects for the 2011 GRO Program are detailed below.

Themes Subjects

Proactive Cloud

Computing

1. Real-time responsive enhancement on hybrid cloud

2. Sensor cloud based ambient context sensing & processing

mechanism

Proton Coupled Electron

Transfer (PCET)

3. Verification of PCET mechanism in hydrogen permeable membrane

Integrated Photonic

Interconnect

4. Next generation computing architecture using photonic interconnect

5. CMOS integrated photonic interconnect architecture

Metabolic Engineering 6. High-throughput genome engineering of microorganism for production

of bio-based chemicals

Organic Solar Cell 7. Multi excition generation on polymers for organic photovoltaic

Future IT 8. Relationship modeling based on user data to offer intelligent &

personalized user-centric experience

9. Next Social Network Service (SNS) for smart devices based on cloud

architecture

Next UX

(User eXperience)

10. Server-based parallel processing for large vocabulary continuous

speech recognition

11. Future scenario & UI for intelligent mobile SNS

12. Non-contact haptic display

SOC 13. A scheduler for heterogeneous multicore systems

14. High-level domain specific parallel algorithm description

Mechatronics 15. Toner melting behavior in fuser nip

16. Nonlinear structural dynamic analysis of a roller/belt-type fuser

New Memory 17. STT-MRAM technology for future memory

18. RRAM materials and architectures for future memory

System Architecture 19. Next generation processor architecture

Advanced Media &

computing

20. Dense light field acquisition (Capturing, Recovery or Synthesis)

21. Light field display system architecture

22. Cyber physical system

Material & Device 23. Layered-semiconductor transistor

24. High diffraction effciency holographic photopolymer

25. High resolution complex Spatial Light Modulator (SLM)

26. Transformation acoustics

27. Study on the human factor including fatigue in digital holography and

super-multiview 3D display

28. Sib 10nm device / III-V compound growth on Si

29. Spintronics

Environment 30. Exploring New Biomimetic Polymer via Molecular simulation: A Self-

Assembly Principle of Interfacial Interaction between Lipids and

Proteins

Medical 31. External stimuli-triggered drug delivery system (HIFU-mediated DDS)

32. Single port access robotic surgical instrument

Subject 1: Real-time Responsive Enhancement on Hybrid Cloud

Introduction Recently cloud computing has attracted a lot of attention as more and more services are supported as clouds

and it has been extended to many areas including mobile cloud computing. Many studies predict that in future cloud computing will evolve from current simple compute or storage

clouds to diverse clouds for special purposes such as medial analytics cloud and personal cloud. This forecast is based on the fact that IT convergence with bio/medical/energy/environment areas will be driven by emerging requests for real-time analysis of tremendous data in those promising areas. In addition, due to a huge number of consumer electronic devices including mobile devices up to several trillions in near future, cloud computing among federated devices will be getting more important.

Accordingly, it will be usual that heterogeneous clouds are combined so that they can serve users’ service requests dynamically in a timely manner. To realize such ideas, we need innovative technologies in many research areas such as resource management techniques for quality-of-service guarantee and device-device/device-cloud/cloud-cloud collaboration.

Scope Platforms, systems, applications, and services for cloud computing based on federated devices Dynamic workload profiling/partitioning and programming model for hybrid cloud-based services and

applications Resource discovery, allocation, scheduling and management for hybrid cloud-based services and

applications Platforms for portable applications and techniques for seamless service regardless of user mobility Hybrid cloud computing support for “real-time" responsive applications and services

Research questions With the advent of trillions of devices, how we can efficiently utilize available resources of local devices

as a part of cloud computing. In heterogeneous cloud environments, how we can efficiently utilize distributed resources while meeting

quality of service requirements adaptively and mitigating performance interference. To provision services in a timely fashion, what should be addressed and solved in hybrid cloud

computing with respect to dynamic resource management (e.g. fine-grained workload reconfiguration) and real-time responsiveness (e.g. low-latency message passing).

Expected Deliverables The result of feasibility study on research idea in the form of documentation and/or demo sample.

Subject 2: Sensor-Cloud-based Ambient Context Sensing & Processing Mechanism

Introduction

We envision that future IT convergence services will include intelligent local services where sensors and mobile devices can together recognize and react to users and environment autonomously, social network based services, and tangible/interactive entertainment services.

This vision requires efficient data acquisition technologies spanning diverse IT infrastructures, which can make possible general user-centric services even with physical sensors customized for special purposes.

On the other hand, it is becoming prevailing that users in the local area want information sharing among social network participants and high quality information processed based on the location. In order to provide those services, we need innovative techniques for real-time control over sensors and devices around users.

Scope Self-organizing networks and autonomic communications for sensor-cloud-based services and

applications Cross-layer design and protocols for real-time collaborative in-network processing Platforms, systems, applications, and services for ambient context sensing and processing based on

sensor cloud infrastructure Dynamic workload modeling/characterization and programming models for sensor-cloud-based services

and applications Resource virtualization, provisioning and reconfiguration techniques for sensor-cloud-based services and

applications Distributed task assignment, migration, scheduling and management for sensor-cloud-based services

and applications

Research questions With the proliferation of ubiquitous sensors, how can we discover and access sensor data of interest in a

timely fashion? How can we transparently integrate context sensing and processing into sensor-cloud infrastructure? In heterogeneous sensor/device environments, how can we realize practically self-manageable sensor-

cloud infrastructure?

Expected Deliverables Deliverables can be architecture prototypes, experiment & analysis reports according to the characteristics of

the research.

Subject 3 : Verification of PCET (Proton Coupled Electron Transfer) mechanism in hydrogen permeable membrane.

Introduction The coupling of electron and proton in ultrafast transfer is central to many phenomena, including hydrogen

permeable membrane, catalyst, and molecular electronics. It is also known that PCET mechanism is related with the quantum behavior of electrons and protons such as hydrogen tunneling and excited electronic/vibrational states of protons. The transfer of an electron and a proton in the same direction from a single donor has been denoted as hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) or collinear PCET.

It will be very interesting task to verify PCET mechanism in hydrogen permeable membrane on the basis of quantum mechanics and especially by using simulation techniques such as DFT or Bader charge analysis or GCMC.

Scope Challenges to verify PCET mechanism in hydrogen permeable membrane and to predict the hydrogen

solubility or diffusivity in high hydrogen concentration region (Non-Pd based material)

Verification of PCET mechanism on the basis of quantum mechanics. Prediction of solubility in the high hydrogen concentration region. Prediction of fast transfer of hydrogen (diffusivity) in non-Pd based alloy. Co-work with SAIT for the analysis of the mechanism of the newly developed materials.

Research questions

We have special interest in the following questions. Any research participation or open discussion will be welcomed.

1. Is it possible to verify PCET mechanism in hydrogen permeable membrane? 2. Is it possible to predict the hydrogen solubility in high hydrogen concentration region? 3. Is it possible to suggest the model concerning on the fast hydrogen transfer (diffusion)?

Expected Deliverables

Simulation methodology and report Suggestion of new model or mechanism Submission of the paper with SAIT Training of simulation techniques.

Subject 4 : Next Generation Computing Architecture Using Photonic Interconnect

Introduction

Over the past years, computing performance has been revolutionized with rapid evolution of computer architecture especially in microprocessors with multi-core parallelism. One typical bottleneck of this advancement is bandwidth limitation of intra and inter-chip network communications due to latency of electrical interconnect. The objective of this research project is to explore fundamental challenges in architectural design for photonic interconnects that are suitable for deployment in next generation computing architecture.

Scope To support basic and applied research in photonic interconnect to computing environment. Methods that enable effective photonic interconnect for CPU, memory, and other peripheral driver chips. Methods that are applicable to efficient networking design in core-to-core, core-to-chip, and chip-to-chip

interconnects with Si photonics. Paradigms that go beyond current computer architecture by use of state of the art photonics technologies. Simulation methodology that can analyze performance of computing based on photonic interconnect

integration.

Research questions We have special interests regarding the research subject introduced above in the following questions. Any

research participation or open discussion will be welcomed. 1. What would be an appropriate architecture for both photonic interconnects and computers that take

advantage of ultra-wide bandwidth? What would be the most effective integrative system to achieve this purpose?

2. Could you suggest any new 2D and 3D integration structures to attain this objective? 3. What would be the best design for ultra-small finger print and ultra-low power consumption to mobile

applications while maintaining ultra-wide bandwidth? 4. What would be a cost effective solution to apply photonic interconnect to personal computers? 5. What would be scaled photonic interconnect system architecture that is optimized in data centers, cloud

computers, high performance computers, and other next generation computing systems?


1. Detailed progress reports every 6 months summarizing accomplishments. 2. Prototypes and simulation results.

Subject 5 : CMOS Integrated Photonic Interconnect Architecture

Introduction

The advancement of optoelectronic technologies plays a pivotal role in high speed photonic interconnects supported with VLSI technologies on Si. To this end, structure, material, and fabrication of photonic device elements should be well aligned with development of CMOS circuit designs and fabrication processes. On the architecture, the key design element is an interconnection system where photonic active devices are driven by high speed and power saving transceiver circuits. The objective of this research project is to explore enhanced CMOS compatible photonic devices and their related electrical circuits that can provide high performance while consuming very low power.

Scope To support basic and applied research in novel photonic interconnect elements and related CMOS

circuits. Photonic interconnect systems integrated with CMOS transceiver circuits that can provide both ultra-wide

bandwidth and ultra-low power consumption. Photonic interconnect modules and systems that are developed for ultra-wide bandwidth networking with

multiplexing techniques. Methods and processes that are applicable to 2D and 3D, heterogeneous and homogeneous, integration

of optical interconnect with in-plane electrical transceiver circuits. Simulation methodology that can analyze performance of both photonic interconnect devices and

electronic circuit systems in a module or in an integrated system.

Research questions We have special interests regarding the research subject introduced above in the following questions. Any

research participation or open discussion will be welcomed. 1. What would be an appropriate long term solution of photonic interconnect that are viable in future Si

industry? 2. How could you achieve much less than 1 pJ/bps energy consumption including both photonic

interconnect systems and CMOS transceiver circuits? 3. What would be the highest possible bandwidth of photonic transmitters, modulators, and receivers that

are compatibly integrated with CMOS transceiver circuits. 4. What would be a key device solution to stably operate integrated interconnect systems in favor of

athermal operation, integrated optical isolation, and etc? 5. What would be the most effective material, wavelength, component devices, and architecture for

integrated photonic interconnect to accomplish multiple goals of energy efficiency, bandwidth, stability, finger print, process agility, cost effectiveness, and etc?


1. Detailed progress reports every 6 months summarizing accomplishments. 2. Prototypes and simulation results.

Subject 6 : High-throughput genome engineering of microorganism for the production of bio-based chemicals

Introduction Microbial organisms are used for the production of a wide range of products from bulk chemicals to

therapeutic proteins. Traditionally, strain improvement has been made by iterative trial-and-error random mutagenesis and selection process involving chemical and physical mutagens. This approach, albeit powerful and proven to be successful, is slow and cumbersome, and suffers from the difficulty to identify the sources of mutations that lead to improved characteristics. Thus, we are interested in developing high-throughput genome engineering tools that can shorten strain development process time. Some of the promising genome engineering platforms are global transcriptional machinery engineering (gTME), trackable multiplex recombineering (TRMR), and multiplex automated genome engineering (MAGE). These techniques generate a highly diverse, complex library of strains, which can be selected for beneficial phenotype. A major advantage of these techniques is easy traceability of the source of beneficial mutation, making straightforward genotype-phenotype correlation. Therefore, multiple beneficial phenotypes can be selected in parallel and reengineered into a single host, thus shortening strain development time and making complex phenotypes that are not easily attainable by traditional methods.

Scope We are interested in a genome engineering platform for high throughput screening of Escherichia coli or

Saccharomyces cerevisiae with the following properties: generation of a highly diverse library of strains simultaneous modification of genomes on multiple locations easy correlation of genotype-phenotype

Research questions We are interested in the following research questions. Any research participation or open discussion will be

welcomed. 6. What would be an inexpensive, fast approach to modify genomes to induce complex phenotypes such as

faster growth rate and increased solvent tolerance? 7. From a high number of possible candidates from the constructed library, what would be the most efficient

way to reduce the number of possible candidates and screen only the candidates with high likelihood of meeting the selection criteria?

8. What would be an approach to identify introduced mutations for correlating genotype-phenotype?

Expected Deliverables Deliverables are negotiable. 1. Progress and final reports summarizing all of results and highlighting major accomplishments. 2. Publications in technical journals and conferences co-authored with SAIT. 3. Patents co-authored with SAIT.

Subject 7 : Multi-Exciton Generation in Organic Solar Cells

Introduction The maximum theoretical efficiency of single-junction solar cells is 31%. More realistic projections for real

devices are around 10% for a single cell. Several novel concepts were suggested to overcome this limitation. One of the new ideas is to exploit the Multi-Exciton Generation (MEG) phenomenon. MEG was highlighted in QD solar cells and an IQE over 1 was observed for specific wavelengths. In organic materials, singlet fission is a similar phenomenon as MEG. Singlet fission, which corresponds to the creation of two triplets from one excited singlet state, has been observed in several organic materials. Furthermore, the long-lived nature of triplets could offer a solution to the problem of short exciton diffusion length. In contrast, singlet fission is also one of the loss mechanisms in conventional organic solar cells. Because of the low lying energy state of triplets, triplet excitons cannot induce free charge carriers.

The main goal of this research is to explore new routes based on triplet excitons to go beyond the expectation of 10% for current organic solar cells.

Scope Tackle different challenges that could offer significant advances in the field of organic solar cells, including: Methods based on triplet exciton to overcome the current limitation of organic photovoltaics Methods to induce free charge carriers from triplet excitons Design rule of organic materials with enhanced singlet fission

Specific research points Different points and questions of specific interest for us are listed below. These points are not exhaustive;

they are suggested to open the discussion with research partners. 9. How to design a proper acceptor for the efficient dissociation of triplet exciton?

Suggest triplet exciton dissociation mechanisms without sacrificing Voc. 10. How to design a proper donor for enhancing singlet fission? What are the key parameters for the design

of new light absorbing materials? Suggest a simulation model for designing p-type materials.

11. Would different cell architectures (other than BHJ) be needed for promoting singlet fission? Suggest more efficient cell architectures (or eventually additives) for enhancing singlet fission.

Expected Deliverables Study on triplet exciton dissociation mechanism. Study on material with enhanced singlet fission. Publications in journals and conferences. Patents with SAIT.

Subject 8 : Relationship modeling based on user data to offer intelligent and personalized user-centric experience

Introduction

With the emergence of social networks and smartphones, individuals are participating in social activities and communities more than ever. Recent statistics reveal to us that these activities are no longer bound to traditional desktop web usage, but rather mobile devices such as Smartphone, Tablet and even Internet TV.

Despite current trend of moving towards Cloud-based Social Networking, devices are still needed as a platform and we expect there are much user data to learn and collect from user’s interaction with devices, which we can then utilize to provide a ground for new social relationships with other device users. We believe user relationships can be categorized into mainly three: Peer, Group and Public. With each category user behaves differently and expect different social activities.

Our focus mainly lies in integrating User’s resource, service and behaviors in order to asserting one’s social relationship and discovering new relationships. Moreover, we expect these relationships to provide intelligent, customizable, and personalized user-centric experience

Scope The research project should consider the full scope of user’s experience starting of using device to providing

intelligent and personalized user relationship experience. The research project should include: 1. Abstraction and Modeling of User Data(i.e. resource, service, behavior) 2. Methods to collect User Data defined from above to build/learn online and offline relationships among

people and devices. 3. Developing a relationship engine which will discover relationships and build(infer) new relationships

between users

Research Question The following is open to discussion: What kind of User Data can be collected and abstracted? How can previous relationships infer new and extended relationship? How can privacy and security problem tackled when collecting User data? How can social distance and trust level between users be defined and be measured? How can collected social distance information be utilized to provide users intelligent, customizable and

personalized user-centric experience?

Expected Deliverables The following is open to discussion: Literature review, competitive analysis Contextual user research (user needs analysis) on user relationship modeling Scenario/idea book based on user relationship model Conceptual prototype of user relationship engine

Subject 9 : Next SNS for Smart Devices based on Cloud Architecture

Introduction The most rapid innovation has been in the proliferation of Internet based service such as SNS (Social

Network Service). As smart devices are becoming more common, popular social network services have been applied into devices. But, current social network services have two issues to be solved. One is to define and develop the Next SNS for device-oriented social services and the other is to develop cloud architectures for the Next SNS.

For example, any social network service doesn’t support all possible social relationships for device-user and user-user relationships. And, the critical issues of SNS are system scalability and high availability, which are same requirements of current Cloud computing era. Current SNS scene would be expected to be evolved to more ethical and privacy protected way. For instance Christakis NA, et al published their research about the spread of obesity in a large social network over 32 years. According to their research, on-line SNS phenomena appear to be relevant to the biologic and behavioral trait of physical features such as obesity, smoking, etc. This is one of proof that the technology effects the social environments. In spite of this irrelevant effect, the SNS such as Facebook or Twitter will be continued to be thrived combining with Cloud computing technology.

This research project aims to define and develop device-oriented social networking system based on cloud infra. At the same time, we hope to understand and develop systems for maintaining cloud infra and platform for SNS for the next generation aka Next SNS.

Scope Challenges to develop Device-Oriented Social Networking System based on cloud infra include: Modeling device-user-group relationship Design device-centric social networking service and server Cloud Architectures and Systems for the Next SNS Distributed publish-subscribe messaging system

Research questions 4. What’s the best model of user-device-group relationship? 5. What’s the direction and features of next SNS for smart devices? 6. What’s the optimal design of social network server based on cloud infra? 7. What is the best cloud architecture for the Next SNS direction with keeping information safe and large

scale data processing? 8. What is the optimal distributed messaging system for the next SNS?

Expected Deliverables A reports specifying the Next SNS features and user scenarios A reports for device-centric social network server and services Description about Cloud architectures and Systems for the Next SNS Description about the distributed publish-subscribe messaging system Sample code or working prototype of above systems

Subject 10 : Server-based Parallel Processing for Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition

Introduction Recently, as smart devices have become wide-spread which carry out various intelligent services and as

new user experiences (UX) among seamlessly-connected devices are being created, the need for more convenient and intelligent user interfaces (UI) is emerging. Furthermore, as can be observed in the case of Google’s mobile voice search, voice UIs are rising as a core technology that will lead the next generation of user interfaces after the touch UI. Whereas conventional voice UIs have been restricted to no more than simple device controls, the voice interface in the future should be able to handle millions of vocabularies that would enable web-based voice search, media search, casual spoken dialogue and medical transcriptions. In addition, many constraints on the users’ side need to be relaxed in order to create a more natural, user-friendly interface.

The objective of this research project is to explore and obtain a very large vocabulary continuous speech recognition technology, which can handle millions of words with the help of parallel processing and cloud technologies. It is also expected that new voice UI is implemented under a cloud environment which connects various smart devices such as smart phones, smart TVs, and PCs via a personal network service.

Scope Challenges that significantly advance the state-of-the-art in speech recognition technologies include: Large vocabulary continuous speech recognition within a cloud environment. High performance decoder architecture, which can handle a huge search network. Acoustic and language models, which are built with large amount of data and easily adaptable to a new

task domain. Incremental recognition scheme, which learns users’ prior statistics of pronunciations and vocabularies.

Research questions We have special interests in the following questions 1. What would be the optimal parallel decoding architecture, which would be able to handle millions of

vocabularies with high speed under cloud technologies? 2. How should the acoustic and language models for specific task domains be obtained and adapted from

large scale resources distributed across servers? 3. How can the users’ usage logs be utilized, not only to increase the size of the data resource for learning,

but to decide the reliability of the users’ feedbacks and to incrementally improve the recognition engine based on the new instances?

Expected Deliverables Server-based very large vocabulary continuous speech recognition system. Large scale acoustic and language modeling and adaptation technique. Incremental recognition platform utilizing users’ prior usage statistics.

Subject 11 : Future Scenarios & UI for Intelligent Mobile SNS

Introduction

Mobile social networking services (SNS) enable individuals to connect to their social communities with a mobile device. Users share experiences, opinions, and personal content. According to Gartner’s survey, 15% of mobile phone users are accessing social-networking sites on their phones. For example, Facebook, the world’s biggest social network, claims that 25% of its over 400 million active users access services through their mobile devices. At the same time, as the context aware technologies mature, SNS services are expected to be more intelligent, customizable, and personalized. Some community-oriented services already provide limited context-based services (e.g., Twitter’s location tagging to Google map). However, a fully fledged intelligent SNS leveraging a full range of recognition technology and context models are yet to emerge. More importantly, we lack the understanding of how the user experience will change and how the interface should be designed accordingly.

Scope The research project should consider the full cycle of user experience regarding intelligent mobile SNS. The

researchers should have a keen interest in how the user experience would change dramatically as the SNS become more intelligent and personalized. This includes customer’s acceptance to an intelligent SNS (e.g., how one joins a service), the actual experience of the service while being a member, and finally, when one leaves the service. The granularity of the project scope is open to discussion but should at least include how the UI set (information architecture, visual display/graphic elements, and interaction) would differ from the traditional mobile UI. For example, given that mobile devices have limited design space (screens are smaller), how should we arrange UI elements of a SNS when the system understands the context and user’s needs? We also expect an innovative and disruptive approach in this project and rather than an incremental approach nor an update of the status quo.

Research Question The following is open to discussion: Defining use context/scenarios (what are the unmet needs assuming the device is intelligent, scenarios

based on differential user needs per context) How should the UI set (information architecture, visual display/graphic elements, interaction)

differ from the traditional UIs? How should the UI change based on context? How should one maintain consistency (for product

identity and usability) yet be tailored to the appropriate context? When should the intelligent system provide recommendation, reminder, or merely facts? Principles for

providing differential context-aware functions/service those are useful and usable yet reliable.

Expected Deliverables The following is open to discussion: Literature review, competitive analysis Contextual user research (user needs analysis) on current mobile SNS Scenario/idea book regarding intelligent mobile SNS Concept design, limited prototyping on a full set of UI (key screens, interaction)

Subject 12 : Non-Contact Haptic Display

Introduction Displays or devices that provide dynamic haptic information to users without contact are becoming important

research topic. People in the SF movies interact with holographic virtual objects in front of them in the air. Recent 3D display technology is getting mature to render 3D visual and auditory feedbacks to users. Non-contact haptic display technology which can express the object’s texture, surface, volume and tactile information is required for the next generation display.

Scope Challenges to develop Non-Contact Haptic Display include: Methods to generate powerful enough and high-resolution forces to give haptic sensation to user through

air. Methods to increase the display distance. For mobile or monitor devices, the distance is around 50cm.

For TV like wide devices, at least 2m distance is required. Methods to minimize the size of display equipments to embed.

Research questions We have special interest in the following questions. Any research participation or open discussion will be

welcomed. 9. What are the best known technologies of non-contact haptic display? 10. How much is it possible to control the position and distance of force field freely? 11. Are there any other sensory feedbacks which are meaningful to users? 12. How to extract the haptic information from traditional vision and audio information? 13. How to make synchronization between haptic display and traditional vision/audio display?

Research proposals dealing with these problems or another innovative display dimension for the next generation display is welcome.

Expected Deliverables A reports surveying and specifying the methods for non-contact haptic display through air Prototype showing any kind of haptic sensations in the air.

Subject 13 : A Scheduler for Heterogeneous Multicore Systems

Introduction Future heterogeneous multicore processors will have an edge in potential performance per watt over

comparable homogeneous processors. To fully tap into that potential, the OS scheduler needs to be heterogeneity-aware, so it can match jobs to cores according to characteristics of both.

Scope Heterogeneity-Aware scheduling algorithm that does not incur much overhead from dynamic profiling,

and is comparatively simple and scalable.

Research questions We have special interest in the following area 14. Efficient architectural design of HW interface for minimal inter processor communication overhead 15. Heterogeneity aware scheduler for systems running various tasks with different QoS requirements, for

example, real time tasks with fixed deadline and multimedia player tasks with constant frame rate. 16. Power aware scheduling algorithm for heterogeneous multicore systems

Research proposals dealing with these problems or alternative approach for these problems are welcome.

Expected Deliverables Scheduling Framework for Heterogeneous Multicore Systems

Subject 14 : High-Level Domain Specific Parallel Algorithm Description

Introduction Parallel programming model has been issued and researched since the hardware architecture has been

changed from single core to heterogeneous multi/many core. However, most of them have been focused on low-level programming model, runtime framework or vender specific such as OpenCL(Open Computing Language) runtime library, CUDA(Compute Unified Device Architecture) from NVIDIA. Although it is possible to achieve best performance with these low-level programming models, in the point of view in domain experts, it is still difficult to consider domain specific problem issues and performance issues of heterogeneous architecture simultaneously. Therefore, new algorithm description technique (High-Level Domain Specific Parallel Algorithm Description Method) is required from the beginning of writing code. Instead of function centric serial algorithm description, it is advantageous to describe the algorithm with data making/consuming and task controller/controlee. With information of data and task, it can be possible to estimate the parallel performance at the algorithm description stage with proper hardware model and can be determined proper devices to achieve best performance as well.

Scope Challenges to develop high-level domain specific parallel algorithm description method include: Parallel algorithm description techniques. Reorganization method of algorithm with data making/consuming and task controller/controlee. Hardware modeling method of heterogeneous multi/many core architecture. Auto code generation ( From parallel description To pseudo code )


A report and evaluation result with practical example (such as image post processing algorithm) of parallel algorithm description technique. A report and evaluation result of reorganization method of algorithm with data and task. A report and evaluation result of hardware model for the embedded system. A report with evaluation result and source code of auto code generation. A report and source code specifying the high-level domain specific parallel algorithm description method.

Subject 15 : Toner Melting behavior in Fuser nip

Introduction Fusing process consumes about 70% of the total machine power of printing machine. Therefore, in order to

design new fuser system with low power and high productivity, it is required to predict required fusing performances. Fusing performances such as bond strength and gloss are controlled by the fusing temperature, the nip pressure profile and the process speed, each affects on toner melting behavior. Therefore, it is important to clarify effects of these fusing parameters on the fusing performance. Toner melting process in the fuser nip is governed by multiphysics problem with reciprocal interaction; dynamics of the rigid and the elastic material, toner rheology with phase change, and heat conduction among toner particles. For these difficulties, there have been few studies treating the toner melting process in fuser nip directly.

Scope Challenges to develop prediction model of toner melting behavior include: The relationship between temperature of heating roller and process speed to get required toner melting

temperature. The effect of pressure to get good bonding strength between melted toner and paper. The effect of parameter of elastic layer such as hardness, thickness on the process of toner melting.


welcomed. 17. In order to predict the toner melting process how will you model the toner particle and pressure effect to

describe the melting process (phase change) of toner? 18. Is it possible to quantify the image quality of fused toner from the model? 19. Is it possible to predict the gloss of the melted toner from the numerical result?

Research proposals dealing with the parameters of these problems or alternative approach for prediction of toner melting process and required parameters is welcome.

Expected Deliverables A report specifying the significant parameters determined through theoretical work and experimental result

for toner melting. Numerical model for predicting the toner melting behavior in fuser NIP.

Subject 16 : Nonlinear structural dynamic analysis of a roller/belt-type fuser

Introduction The fuser in the laser printer undergoes high temperature and pressure to fix the toner in the paper. In the

fusing process the paper wrinkle/crease and the belt-lateral motion are challenging problems. The wrinkling or crease of paper causes bad images and the belt sliding in lateral direction results in damage in the belt of the fuser roller.

The paper wrinkle or crease is caused by the paper velocity nonuniformity which depends on the paper access angle, the roller force unbalance in the left and right end of the roller, and the expansion of flexible roller in high temperature, etc.

The belt sliding in roller axis direction of the fuser occurs due to the force unbalance acting on the roller and results in belt damage.

To investigate the paper wrinkle/crease and belt sliding in the rotating fuser roller under high temperature, a nonlinear structural dynamic analysis can be a tool to understand the phenomena. To reduce the simulation time the analysis should be conducted by an explicit code such as Abaqus/Explicit. It is required to model the roller materials such as silicone rubber and sponge. To simulate the paper wrinkle/crease a plasticity model need to be introduced.

Scope Challenges to perform dynamic analysis the roller/belt fuser include: Material test for silicone rubber and sponge in the fuser, and paper Verification analysis of the component model Paper wrinkling analysis due to paper access angle, roller force deviation, roller temperature, roller taper. Nip width, roller & paper velocity, roller pressure distribution along the roller axis Lateral motion analysis of fuser belt Lateral force acting on the fuser belt Parametric study Simulation automation


welcomed. 20. Is it possible to perform material test to get the analysis input? 21. Is it possible to perform verification analysis and test for the component? 22. Is it possible to consider the thermal effect in the structural dynamic analysis? 23. Is it possible to include the nonlinear material effect of the silicone rubber and sponge? 24. Is it possible to include the paper plasticity to simulate the crease? 25. Is it possible to predict the life time of silicone rubber and sponge from the simulation model?

Expected Deliverables Simulation methodology and analysis report Analysis model

Subject 17 : STT-MRAM Technology for Future Memory

Introduction Spintronics is an emerging field that attracts much interest, fueled by its prospects of harnessing “spin” into

electronics. Among diverse spintronics applications, spin-transfer-torque magnetoresistive random access memory (STT-MRAM) is one of the most promising future memory candidates due to its non-volatility, fast read- and write- operation, and low power consumption. Although significant progress has been made, there are still many critical issues to resolve for realizing such prospects. We cordially invite proposals for any creative projects or collaborations to build long-term and solid research activities in the field related.

Scope Our interests include but not limited to: Material candidates of enhanced features either in data retention, write energy, or operational speed, etc. Modeling to understand or predict any critical problems and suggestion to resolve such problems Theoretical or experimental approach to understand underlying fundamentals on spin-related phenomena

(magnetoresistance, magnetic anisotropy, spin transfer torque, spin injection, spin hall effect, etc.) Clever design of devices for advanced functionality Innovative approach to improve state-of-the-art semiconductor processes for scalable STT-MRAM

Research questions We look forward to hearing opinions on our interests in the following subjects. Any suggestion or open

discussion on related subjects will be welcomed. What would be the most promising materials/structures that can be implemented into the MTJ module? What would be the most critical limiting parameter in realizing scalable STT-MRAM? How can we control and minimize failures, errors, or distributions?

Expected Deliverables The following are expected to be included into deliverables, but it would be negotiable. Documentation of progress on a six-monthly basis Publications of results in scientific/technical journals or conferences co-authored with SEC Patents co-authored with SEC

Subject 18 : RRAM Materials and Architectures for Future Memory

Introduction

RRAM (Resistive Random Access Memory) has been of intense research interest due to its simple structure and prospect for next generation non-volatile memories. Among the candidates of resistive and electrode materials for the RRAM, conventional transition metal oxide (TMO) and metal nitride (MN) electrode has recently been reported to be promising. However, the mechanisms governing the switching behaviors and the reliability issues are still unclear and the many possible combinations of the TMO/MN materials as well as the deposition methods make the situation even worse. We are thus seeking the opportunity to put collective efforts in narrowing down the materials and process candidates. Our interests also include 3D architectures and circuit designs, imperative in realizing high density RRAM products.

Scope Fab-friendly resistive and electrode materials for high performance resistive switching memory Cell stack engineering and novel operation schemes for MLC NAND application Metal oxide based diode technology or diode-free RRAM cell stacks Modeling to understand switching and reliability degradation mechanisms RRAM specific measurement and analysis methods 3D architecture, array technology, and peripheral circuit designs for high density NAND memory

applications

Research questions

What would be the major obstacles in mass producing RRAM based memories? How to improve reliabilities, especially endurance, of RRAM cells? Would the variability issues be critical in RRAM based memories? Disturbance or leakage currents issues in adjacent cells will be the show stopper for RRAM based high

density non-volatile memories?


Deliverables can be experiment & analysis reports, architecture proto type, SW tools or models according to the characteristics of the research.

Subject 19 : Next-generation Processor Architecture

Introduction Over the past few decades, advances in the processor architectures especially for consumer electronics

have permeated many applications, providing unprecedented growth in capabilities. Nevertheless, the traditional methodologies of improving the processor architectures seem finally to have reached their limits. The substantial annual performance improvements are diminishing as processor technology approaches physical limits and has to deal with growing power consumption. The objective of this project is re-exploring the fundamental aspects of the existing processor architectures and providing a vision of the next generation processor architectures satisfying the stringent requirements of the key emerging applications.

Scope Key emerging applications fully exploiting the capability of multi/many-core processor and their

programming methodologies that the current developers become easily comfortable with. Processor architectures and compilation technologies for exploiting the wide memory bandwidth

increased by multiple memory banks or distributed memories. Coherence in the processor architectures with multiple caches or distributed memories Processor architectures and compilation technologies for fully exploiting the parallelism lurking in the

applications Pragmatic multi/many-core processor architecture Debugging methodologies on multi/many-core processor architecture Efficient dynamic reconfigurable processor architecture adaptive to various applications Automatic design and generation of application specific instruction set Novel processor architecture with high performance and ultra low power consumption for embedded

media applications such as UD resolution video, image processing, and 3D-graphic applications. Memory subsystem and its compilation technology for emerging memory technologies such as Through-

Silicon Via (TSV) Static/Dynamic profiling technologies for accelerating (multi/many-core) processor performance Power prediction of multi/many core processor Accurate and fast multi/many core simulator

Research questions

We have special interests regarding the research subject introduced above. Any research participation or open discussion will be welcomed. What are the most promising applications showing the capabilities of multi/many-core processor? In mobile consumer electronics with multi/many-core processor, cache vs scratch-pad memory, which

one is more useful? What is the ideal connection between processors and between processor and memory in multi/many-

core processor and what protocol is appropriate for the connection? What is the pragmatic programming methodology for multi/many-core processor? What is the state-of-the-art compilation technology exploiting task level parallelism? With the advent of the memory technologies such as TSV or memristor, what are the appropriate

processor architecture and compilation technologies?

Expected Deliverables The detailed progress reports every 4 months summarizing research. The documentation of the feasibility study. Prototype implementation, demo or simulation result.

Subject 20 : Dense Light Field Acquisition (Capturing, Recovery or Synthesis)

Introduction Upon recent advance in 3D display technologies, we anticipate that the next move in the display industries

gears toward auto-stereoscopy, integral photography and digital holography for multiple users in large field of views. Such a new paradigm will, indeed, ask for a novel approach to capturing, processing and synthesizing of a real 3D scene at arbitrary viewing directions, also referred to as light field acquisition.

Although existing studies for the light field capturing such as integral imaging have made a decent progress over past decades, none of them has obtained both dense spatial and angular resolutions of realistic light field scene with usable capturing architecture. Especially, we notice that existing 3D reconstruction methodologies often ignore the color and appearance changes in accordance with the view changes, bringing a significant quality loss in the light field recovery.

To overcome the technical challenges and innovate the existing framework, we are looking for novel and promising technologies for dense light field acquisition for real 3D reconstruction.

Scope Framework/system for light field acquisition: including but not limited to active/pass light, multi-spectral

sensing, sensor/camera configuration architecture and many others Extraction/representation of the illumination/material information for light field processing: including but

not limited to the empirical reflectance model, user-editable reflectance model and many others Probabilistic model for the light field recovery given noisy sample data 3D reconstruction under non-Lambertian surface condition

Research questions With the advent of trillions of devices/sensors, how can we efficiently combine and utilize available

resources for dense light field acquisition at reasonable cost. For the purpose of the light field recovery, how can we characterize the input signal so to generate a

physically correct light field given limited input data. Accounting for various types of noise sources, how can we design a robust algorithm for the light field

recovery?. Without Lambertian surface assumption, can we reconstruct accurate 3D models under various real

world lighting conditions from multi-view images?

Expected Deliverables Reports on the detailed algorithm or architecture and any qualitative/quantitative evaluation & analysis to

support the proposed idea

Subject 21 : Light Field Display System Architecture

Introduction

Recently, three-dimensional (3D) imaging has attracted a lot of interest. Depending on the characteristics of the reconstructed images, 3D system can be classified into several types: binocular, multi-view, volumetric, integral imaging and holography. Among them, integral imaging has shown to be one of the most promising techniques for 3D Displays. We are interested in exploring the possibilities of the integral imaging display system architecture which can allow the viewer to freely move to see different perspective of the scene and provide a very natural sense of visual perception to users.

Scope Challenges that significantly advance the state-of-the-art in integral imaging 3D display technologies include: Methods that solve a limited viewing angle. Methods that solve a limited depth-of-focus and a limited depth-of-field. Methods that improve the viewing resolution of 3D integral imaging. System architecture that are 2D/3D convertible.

Research questions Additional to the above research scope, we have special interests in the following questions. Any research

participation or open discussion will be welcomed. 12. What is the best solution for ray transformation between captured elemental images and display panel? 13. What are the best known technologies for generation of elemental images from depth information? 14. How moiré pattern patterns can be reduced automatically? 15. What is the main research scope of elemental image enhancement? 16. How does the 3D display affect the human visual functions? 17. What will be the future of the 3D display?


3. Detailed progress reports every 6 months summarizing accomplishments. 4. Prototypes and simulation SW tools.

Subject 22 : Cyber Physical Systems

Introduction As devices and communication bandwidth become ever-faster and ever-cheaper, computing and

communication capabilities will be embedded in all types of real-world physical elements. The advances in technology make it possible to bridge the cyber-world with the physical world. Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are physical and engineered systems whose operations are monitored, coordinated, controlled and integrated by a computing and communication core. Applications of CPS have the potential to dwarf the 20th century IT revolution. We envision that cyber-physical systems will transform how we interact with the physical world just like the Internet transformed how we interact with one another. The objective of this research project is to explore fundamental challenges in architectural design for future cyber-physical systems in preparation for next generation IT revolution.

Scope Novel operating system architecture for cyber-physical systems Formal methods for architectures of cyber-physical systems Verification and certification of reconfigurable systems Architectural approaches to heterogeneous modeling and analysis Novel applications and architectures for future cyber-physical systems Collaborative device architecture in large scale sensor networks Efficient energy management mechanism in distributed collaborative environment

Research questions How many parts of the existing operating system architecture should be radically restructured for cyber-

physical systems based on manycore and distributed environment? What would be novel operating system architecture for CPS?

How effectively can cyber-physical systems be formally verified? What would be the best way to formally verify whole operating system for extreme reliability? How can we formally verify reconfigurable/self-organizing systems automatically?

What would be the effective mechanism or architecture to integrate and utilize heterogeneous devices and CPU cores? What would be the best method for modeling of heterogeneous devices in distributed environment?

What would be novel applications collaborating with distributed devices for future cyber-physical systems?

How can cyber-physical systems in distributed collaborative environment efficiently manage system resources without sacrificing performance?

Expected Deliverables 5. Detailed progress reports every 6 months summarizing accomplishments 6. Working prototypes for proof-of-concept, experiment and simulation results

Subject 23 : Layered-Semiconductor Transistor

Introduction

Two dimensional materials are of great interest for use in next generation electronic devices. The high mobility of graphene made it the most widely investigated two dimensional material. However, because pristine graphene does not have a bandgap, it is very challenging to use graphene for many applications including transistors. Recently, exfoliated sheets of naturally occurring MoS2 has been shown to have an appreciable energy bandgap (1.8 eV). Furthermore, a high mobility (more than 200 cm2V-1s-1) was measured when a high-k gate dielectric material (HfO2) was deposited on top of the MoS2 monolayer. Although this is a significant progress toward useful layered-semiconductor transistors, many scientific and technical challenges remain. This research project aims to explore fundamental properties of layered semiconductors, its transistor characteristics, and the feasibility of its large-area preparation.

Scope

Challenges in the field of layered-semiconductor transistors, including (but not limited to): Carrier transport properties in layered semiconductors Transistor characteristics based on layered semiconductors and high-k dielectrics Large-area preparation scheme of layered semiconductors

Research Questions

We have special interests regarding the aforementioned research subject in the following questions. Any research participation or open discussion will be welcomed.

18. What is the band structure model of monolayer layered-semiconductor? 19. What is the effect of the surrounding dielectrics on the carrier mobility of a layered semiconductor? 20. What is the maximum theoretical limit of carrier mobility in a layered-semiconductor transistor? 21. What is the most viable method to prepare large-area layered-semiconductors?

Expected Deliverables Technical reports Publications in scientific journals Patents

Subject 24 : High Diffraction Efficiency Holographic Photopolymer

Introduction

Project Goal is the development of nanocomposite UV-curable material with self-organization and self-writing effects for hologram recording application. Project will include investigation of processes of light induced nanoparticles short distance displacement in UV-curable nanocomposite material, development of nanocomposite with high value of diffraction efficiency and investigation of hologram recording methods and conditions based on a such material. During project, patentable nanocomposite material will be developed with samples of nanocomposite materials for testing. Confirmation of obtained results was being made by comparison of results obtained by different methods i.e. holographic methods, microscopy: optical, SEM, TEM, AFM, material investigation: DSC, DTA, DGA, IR and visible spectroscopy

Scope For this project, the material needs to meet the following scope of properties Region of specral sensitivity: between 440 nm – 532 nm. Material will also be sensitive for wavelength

532 - 660 nm, where the sensitivity will be maximized while development Energy achievement of maximum of diffraction efficiency: For wavelength of 473 nm and 532 nm, no

more than 70 mJ/cm2 is required. Thickness of recording media: between 10-30 μm Maximum diffraction efficiency of holograms: For wavelength of 473 nm and 532 nm, not less than 60% is

achieved. Shelf life of photopolymer composition: up to 180 days in the dark normal Stability hologram parameters: not less than three years in the light normal

Research questions How can we make nanocomposite UV-curable composition having grated value of refractive index

modulation and diffraction efficiency in comparison with usual photopolymers? How can we make organic–inorganic nanocomposite photopolymer system in which inorganic

nanoparticles with a larger refractive-index differes from photopolymerized monomers are dispersed in unpolymerized monomers [N. Suzuki, Y. Tomita, and T. Kojima, Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 4121 (2002)] and what would be the explanation of these effects?

What are the technical properties of holographic material using nanocomposite materials, such as region of spectral sensitivity, energy for achievement of maximum diffraction efficiency, thickness of recording media, maximum diffraction efficiency, and shelf life of photopolymer composition, that are exceeding or comparable to the leading commercial materials ?

Expected Deliverables Research results on nanocomposite holographic material, its technology and method of holographic

recording. Samples of holographic nanocomposite material for testing in Samsung laboratory Material for joint patent preparation

Subject 25 : High Resolution Complex Spatial Light Modulator (SLM)

Introduction People want to get off the glasses which are now needed to enjoy 3D TV contents, and also need deeper

and deeper image depth of 3D contents without any fatigue. Holographic 3D display that can provide the wave front of the real 3D object is ultimate solution for that. The most important device for the holographic 3D display is a spatial light modulator (SLM) which represents holographic fringes.

High resolution complex SLMs that can represent complex values should be developed to make good quality of 3D images. The objective of this research project is to find out possible solutions to implement a complex SLM for the holographic 3D display and show the feasibility by basic experimental tests.

Scope Basic research and survey for the known ideas for complex SLMs. Suggest some possible solutions for the complex SLMs and take the best concept from them. Experimental proof of concept for the suggested novel complex SLM for holographic 3D display. Confirm limitation of suggested concept theoretically and experimentally in terms of resolution, diffraction

efficiency, phase/amplitude changes, etc.

Research questions What are the specifications of the complex SLM for the ideal generation of holographic 3D images? What are the available technologies for implementing complex SLMs and the limitation of them? How can we overcome the limitation of those technologies? What is the possible solutions for the complex SLM with high resolution (~1 um) and high diffraction

efficiency (>10%)? Can we make a complex SLM with high speed operation (< 5ms)?

Expected Deliverables 1. Reports including detail description for those described in scope and research questions 2. Suggested possible solutions for the complex SLM with simulation results 3. Demonstration of sample test for the proof of concept

Subject 26 : Transformation Acoustics

Introduction

By exploiting structures at deep-subwavelength scales, metamaterial is becoming a prominent class of artificial materials in both electromagnetic and acoustic waves. The recent advances in transformation optics (TO) enrich metamaterial applications for many novel devices like invisibility cloak and hyperlens. In this CFP, we request proposals for how to transplant TO for acoustic waves (Transformation Acoustics, TA) and its innovative device applications. As the electromagnetic counterpart, TA would extend interactions among objects and systems in various unprecedented ways.

Scope Theory and modeling of TA using acoustic metamaterials Novel acoustic elements and device applications over diverse frequency range Dispersive or broadband design methodology 2D and 3D structures and their experimental realization (possible collaboration with SAIT)

Research questions

What is the effective implementation method to realize TA? How to model and design acoustic interactions and constitutional materials? What are the limiting factors of the acoustic metamaterial response and resulting TA? TO vs. TA


Deliverables can be theoretical/modeling reports and/or experimental verification (sample fabrication & characterization) depending on the proposal theme. 1. Progress reports and final reports (collaborative work possible with SAIT). 2. Joint publications in scientific journal and conference with SAIT. (if possible) 3. Patents with SAIT

Subject 27 : Study on the human factor including fatigue in digital holography and super multi-view 3D display Introduction

When professionals in the 3D display and content development field were asked what was the most uncomfortable part when using 3D related products, more than half answered it was a visual fatigue.

What is a visual fatigue? A visual fatigue is known to occur about 30~60 minutes after viewing the 3D display. In reality, it can occur much earlier and much later depends on the parameter of factor that causes the visual fatigue. Here, we need to pay attention to the fact that the visual fatigue represents the user's psychological and physiological states. The visual fatigue includes not only the one experienced in 3D display but also the one occurred when working in front of 2D display for a long period of time.

This research project aims to define and develop 3d human factor system based on Holography and Super multi-view 3d display. At the same time, we hope to analysis of quantified characteristics of the human factor and visual fatigue for 3D display

Scope Verification of user's psychological and physiological mechanism on the basis of human factor in 3D

display Analysis of Quantified Characteristics of the human factor and visual fatigue for 3D display. Manufacturing 3D human factor system, it applying holography and super multi-view system. Co-work with SAIT for the analysis of the mechanism of the human factor.

Research questions

We have special interest in the following questions. Any research participation or open discussion will be welcomed.

26. What’s the best model of human factor system for 3d display? 27. What’s the direction and features of next natural 3d? 28. What is the optimal design for solving visual fatigue in 3d display? 29. How to extract the visual fatigue information from holography and super multi-view system?

Expected Deliverables A reports surveying and specifying the methods for human factor and visual fatigue related with

3d display. Simulation methodology and report Suggestion of new model or mechanism Submission of the paper with SAIT Prototype showing any kind of measurement human factor system.

Subject 28 : sub 10nm transistor/III-V compounds growth on Si

Introduction Over the years, many new materials have been introduced in advanced CMOS processes in order to

continue the trend of reducing the gate length and increasing the performance of CMOS devices. The introduction of deposited high-κ gate dielectrics and metal gates as replacements for the thermally grown SiO2 and poly-Si electrode was a major challenge that has been met in the transition toward the 32 nm technology node. For the next generation of technology nodes, even bigger hurdles will need to be overcome, since new device structures and high-mobility channel materials such as Ge and III–V compounds might be needed to meet the power and performance specifications of the sub 10 nm CMOS. Although significant progress has been made, there are still many critical issues to resolve for realizing such prospects. We cordially invite proposals for any creative projects or collaborations to build long-term and solid research activities in the field related.

Scope Our interests include but not limited to: Material candidates of enhanced features either in low leakage current or high speed among the III-V

compounds. Modeling to understand or predict any critical problems and suggestion to resolve such features. Theoretical or experimental approach to understand underlying fundamentals on quantum transport

phenomena. Clever design of devices for the low operating power consumption. Hetero-epitaxial III-V growth (on Si) techniques with a low defect density.


discussion on related subjects will be welcomed. What would be the most promising materials/structures that can be implemented into the next generation

of technology node? What would be the most critical limiting parameter in realizing scalable III-V CMOS? How can we control and minimize the short channel effect?


Subject 29 : Spintronics

Introduction Spintronics is an emerging technology that exploits both the intrinsic spin of the electron and its associated

magnetic moment, in addition to its fundamental electronic charge, in solid-state devices. Using spin degree of freedom of a charge carrier to store, encode, access, process and/or transmit information may yield some advantages in terms of increased processing speed, low power consumption and/or increased device density over conventional electronic devices.

Despite those potentials in the field of spintronic devices, there are still many issues to be solved for the successful incorporation of spin phenomena into existing semiconductor technology or technologies to follow. That issues will include many scientific and technological challenges such as efficient injection, transport, control and manipulation, and detection of spin polarization as well as spin-polarized currents. We cordially invite proposals for any creative projects or collaborations to build long-term and solid research activities in the field related.

Scope Our interests include but not limited to: Theoretical or experimental approach to understand the generation of carrier spin polarization, spin

dynamics, and spin-polarized transport in semiconductors and metals Spin-based field effect transistor(Spin-FET) with high speed, low power consumption, and non-volatility

and related materials like dilute magnetic semiconductors Innovative designs for all-spin logic devices New RF devices utilizing magnetization oscillations excited by spin torque


discussion on related subjects will be welcomed. How can we control and utilize spin degree of freedom for the high performance devices? What would be the optimal materials and designs for the realization of Spin-FET or all spin-logic devices?


Subject 30 : Exploring New Biomimetic Polymer via Molecular simulation: A Self-Assembly Principle of Interfacial Interaction between Lipids and Proteins

Introduction

Biomimetic membrane requires a fully understanding basic principle of self-assembly between lipid and functional protein for the modification of nature to meet our needs and the construction of innovative hybrid functional systems. With this understanding, the design process of how to coordinate each component and how to build the architecture on these materials has to follow. Furthermore, we can suggest new artificial chemical species instead of lipid and protein in the living system. This is very challenging due to a diverse application such as sensors, separator and so on. However, most modern experimental technology cannot perfectly figure out any biological information. One of smart approach is a prediction of interfacial interaction between lipids and proteins through the MD Simulation. As a preliminary research, MD simulation is essential to evaluate physico-chemical properties such as stability and functionality in biomimetic membrane. Moreover, it provides a possibility to design the optimal biomimetic-membrane for each application what we are oriented.

Scope

Challenges to verify principle of interfacial interaction of the bio-membrane and to predict most practical hybrid membrane for water treatment.

Understanding principle of membrane protein interactions with lipids by MD simulation Deducting main structural parameters for the biomimetic membrane by MD simulation Exploring the promising lipid-like polymers resulted from calculation of stabilizing energy Designing more commercially available polymer-based biomimetic membrane for water treatment.

Research questions What is a main parameter to build biomimetic membrane? Molecular length or chemical potential? How can we make the stable biomimetic membrane without lipids? How can we maintain a functionality of protein when we replace polymer instead of the lipids? Is it possible to apply the other hybrid membrane like CNT with same MD approach?

Expected Deliverables A report with thermodynamic data base to verify current biomimetic membrane systems Source code & tool kit of the results from MD simulation A report of polymer candidates which can replace lipids in biomimetic systems Conceptual model for the biomimetic membrane

Subject 31 : External stimuli- triggered Drug Delivery System (DDS)

Introduction

Ideally, an anticancer drug should achieve therapeutic efficacy without harmful side effects. Unfortunately, most current systemically delivered chemotherapeutic agents for solid tumors only achieve therapeutic levels at the expense of some damage to healthy tissues and organs. Much of this damage can be avoided by site-specifically delivering the drug directly into the solid tumor. In order to attain this, several stimulus-response drug triggering strategies have been proposed: including, for example, hyperthermia-activated liposomes, pH-dependent micelles, photosensitive nanoparticles, pressure-driven cavitation microbubbles, prodrug activated by localized enzymes, etc. Among these, drug release is difficult to control with intrinsic stimuli-mediated systems because pH or enzyme levels may depend on cancer type, individual patient, developments of cancer stage. On the other hand, if, at the tumor site, a constant level of stimulus for a defined period of time could be achieved, drug triggering can be measured, controlled, and thus efficiently performed. Externally applied triggers such as pressure or mild hyperthermia (for example, with HIFU or high intensity focused ultrasound) satisfy these criteria of measurability and controllability. In this system, in situ imaging would provide real time monitoring of drug delivery in order to precisely focus the stimuli at the tumor through direct visualization of the drug’s biodistribution. In this way, chemotherapy drug efficacy and side effect reduction can be accomplished through this theranostic approach combining stimuli-triggered drug targeted therapy with in situ imaging monitoring and diagnosis.

Scope The following functions need to be included in a research proposal for novel cancer therapeutics:

External stimuli-triggered drug delivery system for efficient tumor therapy. In situ monitoring of the drug delivery, biodistribution and therapeutic outcome, etc. (Innovative

theranostic DDS). Particulate systems composed with therapeutic agent(s), delivery vesicle, and/or imaging agent, etc.

Research questions Following scientific questions are listed for open discussion.

1. How to design the stimuli-triggered cancer drug delivery systems for improved therapeutic efficacy with reduced cytotoxic side effect? What kinds of stimuli could be suitable for a drug triggering system?

2. How might this theranostic cancer drug delivery system (diagnostics and/or therapy and/or monitoring) be constructed?

3. How to efficiently integrate the proposed systems into nano- or micro-sized delivery vesicles? 4. For delivery systems whose mechanism involves protein conformational changes, what are the nature

of such changes and how might they be further engineered to improve the efficiency of the triggering response and subsequent drug delivery? [Answering this question will also lend insight into fundamental scientific questions relating to protein conformational changes.]

Expected deliverables Deliverables include:

Progress and final reports summarizing all of results and highlighting major accomplishments. Publication of scientific findings (journals/conferences, co-authored with SAIT). SAIT patents.

Subject 32 : Single Port Access Robotic Surgical Instrument

Introduction Minimal invasive surgical robot is a promising medical device for future surgery. Minimal Invasiveness is the

most important factor of the robotic surgery and the number of holes through body is the key index of the invasiveness. Robotic surgical instrument for single port surgery that requires only one single hole in the body is very demanding even though there are many hurdles to overcome. To pass through the small hole in the body, the surgical instrument might have one single arm and multiple tools. The diameter of the surgical instrument should be less that of the hole and the multiple tools diameter of those are much smaller than that of the hole might be embedded in the arm during passing through the hole and stretched out when they are being used in surgery. Although the diameter of the arm and tools are small, they should be stiff enough to hold, incise or suture tissues. To be used in surgery, the instrument should include at least two robotic effectors to manipulate tissues and a stereo camera to deliver images. The effectors might be easily replaced by others for different surgical purpose without pull out the surgical instrument from the body. We expect a noble design of the surgical instrument to fulfill those requirements.

Scope Challenges to develop Single Port Access Robotic Surgical Instrument include: A noble design of the single port access robotic surgical instrument. The instrument has a single arm and multiple tools. The tools include at least two robotic effectors and a stereo camera. The diameter of the arm should be less than 12mm. The force of the tools should be enough for the single port access surgery. The length of the tools should be enough for the single port access surgery.

Expected Deliverables A prototype of the single port access robotic surgical instrument that fulfill the scope above..

research subject descriptions - casbandwidth and ultra-low power consumption. photonic interconnect...

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