Volume 20(4), 116- 119, 2016 JOURNAL of Horticulture, Forestry and Biotechnology www.journal-hfb.usab-tm.ro

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Researches regarding the obtaining of new potato varieties by identifying of valuable breeding lines at NIRDPSB Brasov Ștefan Floriana Maria1*, Hermeziu Manuela1, Hermeziu R.1, Bărăscu Nina1

National Institute of Research and Development for Potato and Sugar Beet Brasov *Corresponding author. Email: maria.stefan@potato.ro

Abstract In the context of continuous change of consumer demands, evolution of crop technologies and the accentuated variability of climate conditions is necessary to create new potato varieties that contribute at the raise of quality standards.

The researches undertaken in the 2012-2016 period are covered by the breeding program of NIRDPSB Brasov and runs through the gathering of information concerning the existing and available genetic resources and led at the identification of new genotypes with improved genetic traits.

The biological material is represented by 3 breeding lines and was obtained by sexual hybridization and subjected to the process of clonal selection. During the breeding process, the perspective lines were assessed in terms of morphological characteristics, production and resistance to late blight, viruses and wart disease, culinary quality and earliness, evaluation criteria required at the proposal for testing in the ISTIS network.

Key words potato, clonal selection, breeding lines, varieties

Potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.) in

accordance with the statistics published is of global

importance, occupying the 4th position [4] and

represents in the vision of ONU and FAO one of the

viable solutions for present and future in eradicating

poverty and hunger [2, 3]. To exceed the ceilings

production and resistance made of cropped varieties is

needed a genetic breeding [1].

Given the increasing pressure of abiotic

factors and challenges of adaptability to new climatic

conditions, potato breeding works are permanently

oriented to the optimization of varieties assortment

grown today. Creation of potato varieties is an ongoing

process that must keep pace with changing

environmental conditions, with increasing

aggressiveness and widening pathogenicity of

pathogen agents, due to the emergence of new breeds,

strains, biotypes and pathotypes, but also the ever

increasing demands of producers and consumers [5].

Material and Method

The breeding work within NIRDPSB Brasov

is continuos and oriented towards creating an initial

breeding material that contributes at the obtaining of

new potato varieties, by achieving goals of productivity

under thermo-hydric stress, earliness, resistance to late

blight (Phytopthora infestans), resistance to potato

leafroll virus (PLRV) and potato virus Y (PVY),

suitability to mechanization, superior culinary quality.

The biological material is represented by 3

breeding lines with superior characteristics:

12-1605 / 2

13-1642 / 6

13-1633 / 2

The method of obtaining breeding lines is

sexual hybridization, performed after a good drawn up

plan. The effective sexual hybridization comprises four

stages:

1. Choosing the parents

2. Preparation of inflorescence (flowers castration)

3. Pollination

4. Clonal selection

The clonal selection was done from the first

year, aiming appearance, vigor and resistance to pests

and diseases of plants and subsequently tubers (shape,

color, eye depth, number of tubers, etc.).

Results and Discussions

The breeding process, in addition to careful

study of the parents has a well-established procedure,

aiming at a rigorous schema, lasting 10-12 years:

Year I – Seed field (first generative hybrid population)

Years II-IV - Selection field - vegetative hybrid

populations (P1-P3)

Years V-VII - Selection field – vegetative descendants

(D1 and D2)

Years VIII-IX – Comparative cultures of orientation

years I and II

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Years X-XII – Comparative culture of concurrence

Passing in the fields in populations 1, 2, 3,

then in descendants 1 and 2 focused on two selection

processes, namely:

- selection during vegetation, where was followed the

appearance and plant vigor, and resistance to pests and

diseases;

- the second selection was made at harvest, where was

monitored productivity and cultural quality (shape

tubers, peel and pulp color, eyes depth).

The selection process of breeding lines

evaluated in the present work was carried out following

the breeding scheme and the progress of the selection

(the number of selected clones) over the years is shown

in Table 1.

Table 1

The evolution of selection material during 2012-2016

As vegetation period falls in the medium early

(95-110 days) and are suitable for all traditional areas

of cropping potato. Shows good production capacity

and superior agronomic traits. In Photo 1 are set some

general aspects of the breeding field, from planting to

harvesting.

a b

Selection material Year

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Populations 1 3813 1740 388 3211 813

Populations 2 270 428 112 98 208

Populations 3 96 70 83 38 17

Descendents 1 29 40 25 57 28

Descendents 2 32 23 25 15 30

Breeding lines 21 29 40 21 14

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c d

Photo.1 General aspects of the breeding field. a,b. the biologic material planting; c. the breeding lines in vegetations;

d. breeding lines harvesting

Once completed the selection and breeding

lines identified, we tested their resistance to wart

disease (Synchitrium endobioticum), at the National

Center Test for Resistance to Potato Wart Disease from

Pojorâta Suceava. Only lines with resistance to wart

disease have the perspective approval as new varieties.

Lines studied were found to be resistant to biotype D1,

only one identified in Romania.

At the same time, is performed the

examination for resistance to late blight (Phytophthora

infestans) and resistance to potato virus Y [Solanum

virus 2(SCHMIT)] and potato leafroll virus PLRV

(Solanum virus 14). Thus, the breeding lines showed a

medium resistance at the late blight attack on leafs and

a good resistance at the attack of late blight on tubers.

At viruses, the breeding lines have expressed a good

resistance at potato virus Y and a medium resistance at

potato leafroll virus (PLRV) and at potato viruses X,

S, M. The breeding lines resistance to these deseases

was evaluated within NIRDPSB Braşov.

The culinary quality of these breeding lines is

an appreciative criteria, by which the breeding lines

were classified in quality classes according to some

specifications of appearance, taste, color, boiling

crushing, moisture, mealiness, consistency, starch

structure. Quality classes classification:

A -firm potatoes, for salad, with low starch content

B -potatoes less mealy, with fairly fine structure,

suitable for most culinary products

C – mealy potatoes, which crumbles when boiling

D- very mealy potatoes, crumble completely

The lines have demonstrated good culinary

quality and are suited to most culinary products. The

lines 12-1605/2 and 13-1642/6 are also suitables for

industrialization in the form of chips, having a high

starch content and a good efficiency at chips

processing (Table 2). The culinary appreciation was

made at the Institute (Photo 2).

Table 2

The culinary appreciation of the breeding lines

Breeding lines Quality class The starch content % The efficiency of processing chips %

12-1605 / 2 B 18,75 32,67

13-1642 / 6 B 17,58 29,50

13-1633 / 2 A 13,42 26,32

a b

Photo 2. Aspects from the culinary appreciation of the breeding lines a. Boiling; b. Chips

The results obtained after checking for 3 years

(2014-2016) of these breeding lines within the State

Institute for Variety Testing and Registration (ISTIS)

are shown in Table 3, where is observed an exceedance

of potato variety Rustic (witness), from the production

point of view, with a rate ranging between 1-12 %.

Table 3

The behavior of the breeding lines within ISTIS

BREEDING LINES

2014 2015 2016

Potato variety Rustic (witness) (100 %)

12-1605 / 2 102 % 112 % 107 %

13-1642 / 6 101 % 106 % 107 %

13-1633 / 2 101% 106 % 105 %

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From these percentages can be deduced the

production capacity in different environmental

conditions and also the ecological plasticity of these

breeding lines (evaluation was done in 7 test centers:

Sibiu, Târgoviște, Luduș Tg.Secuiesc, Rădăuți,

Hărman, Satu Mare). This favorable result leads us to

the homologation of these breeding lines as new potato

varieties and their cropping promotion in the years

ahead.

Conclusions

1. The breeding lines evaluated comply with the

characteristics required by the proposed breeding

objectives (adaptability to environmental conditions,

cultural and culinary quality, resistance to diseases and

pests, productivity, earliness).

2. Identifying breeding lines with superior qualities

stays behind the creation of new competitive potato

varieties.

Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful for the support

during the breeding programme to the project PN-II-

PT-PCCA-2013-4-0452 „Tehnologie inovativă pentru

eficientizarea controlului virusului Y (tulpini

necrotice), patogen al cartofului cu incidentă spațială

ridicată în contextul schimbărilor climatice din

Romania” (TINPVY).

References

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