reservoir induced seismicity
TRANSCRIPT
Department of Earth SciencesKFUPM
Introduction to Seismology
Reservoir Induced Seismicity (Reading Assignment: pp.384-386)
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Ali [email protected].
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Earthquake types
NaturalVolcanicTectonicLandslide (e.g. Mantaro River, Peru,1974)
AnthropogenicRock burst (e.g. deep South African mines)Reservoir-triggered (e.g. Koyna reservoir, India)Explosion (nuclear & large conventional)
Seismogram: Soviet nuclear blast 1984
GEOL 3026/C471 GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS2005
Geological hazards in context II: fatalities worldwide 2000
Quake & volcano 4%
Total 9,270
Flood 67%Windstorm 15%
Other 14%
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http://www.csupomona.edu/~geology/docs/stop13-3.htm
Volcanic earthquakes
Typically swarmsRange of seismograms
tectonic (short period)long period/tremor
Earthquakes and gas release at Mammoth (California)
MammothLong Valley restless calderaMay 1980 - 3 M 6 quakesBy August >6000 small quakesMore swarms in late 80s and late
90saccompanying ground deformation
& CO2 release
GEOL 3026/C471 GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS2005
Geological hazards in context II: fatalities worldwide 2000
Quake & volcano 4%
Total 9,270
Flood 67%Windstorm 15%
Other 14%
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Reservoir-triggered quakes
Common when new reservoirs filled (e.g. Vajont, NE Italy)Relevance to dam safetyShivajisagar reservoir, Koyna (India)
low seismicity areaearthquakes swarms started as reservoir started to fill in 1962M 6.5 quake close to dam in 1967 killed200rainfall linked
Future: 3 gorges (China) and other major dams
Three Gorges Dam (China)
GEOL 3026/C471 GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS2005
Geological hazards in context II: fatalities worldwide 2000
Quake & volcano 4%
Total 9,270
Flood 67%Windstorm 15%
Other 14%
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All dams trigger seismicity?
• 4% of dams in US have triggered M>3 earthquakes
Source: 1976 poll of US dams
Humans induce seismicity
•Dam filling•Waste water injection•Oil extraction•Hot water extraction•Mining•Nuclear tests
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Koyna Dam, India
• Filling of dam started in 1962• Increase of seismicity noticed in mid-1963• Earthquakes clustered•near reservoir, shallow depth•M 6.3 earthquake in 1967• 200 dead,•1500 injured, >5000homeless
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Triggered earthquakes at Koyna, IndiaIn
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•Earthquakes are associated with changein water level: with large scale filling of thedam, possibly with emptying• Seismicity often tapers off within ten years of water level stabilization• Variable time delays may occur betweendam filling and earthquakes
Some characteristics of reservoir triggered seismicity
Adushkin et al., 2000
Seismicity in the Oil FieldIn
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In some regions, hydrocarbon production can induce seismic activity. To help understand how production affects seismicity, a recording network was installed in a producing field in Russia. In a cooperative project between Schlumberger and the Institute of Dynamics of Geospheres at the Russian Academy of Sciences, scientists are analyzing the recorded data to help forecast seismic events, understand reservoir properties and monitor water injection (Adushkin et al., 200, Oiifield Review).
The Romashkino Oil Field
Comparison of smoothed values of seismic activity (red) with variations in volumes of injection, production and imbalance in the four central areas of the Romashkino field.
The Romashkino Oil Field
Comparison of monthly values of seismic activity (red) with variations in total volumes of injection, production and imbalance in the four central areas (combined) of the Romashkino field.
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Schematic contours of the Talco reservoir showing theassociation of microseismic events with channel structure.
Monthly injection rates and seismicity rates at Talco.
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