residential green design

8/9/2019 Residential Green Design

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RESIDENTIAL GREEN DESIGN21st October 2014 . PAM Kuala Lumpur

Ar Hj Abdul Halim Bin Suhor

B. Arch (Houston), LLM (IIUM), APAM AIPDM MMIArbs


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1. PASSIVE GREEN DESIGN

2. GBI CERTIFIED RESIDENTIAL PROJECTS

3. CASE STUDIES

Concepts & Strategies

Standards

Design Tools & Data

CONTENT


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GREEN

ARCHITECTURE

Sustainable

Safety, Health

&

Security

Functional

Aesthetic

Productive

Cost

Effective

Accessible

Historic


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Environmental

Strategy

Low environmental impact material

Non-toxic materials

Purchase locally

produced materials

Energy Regeneration

option

Waste separation

for recycling

Water use

Maximise Indoor

comfort

Minimise running costs


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PASSIVE GREEN DESIGN

1-1 A Cooler EnvironmentDesigning for the Sun

Standards MS1525

Detail Design BEIT

1-2 Bringing in the daylight

Elements of daylight design

Detail design with Dailux

1-3 Natural Ventilation

Designing to bring in the fresh air

Ventilation cooling

1


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Getting the right balance

Primary concerns

Day lighting vs Heat gain from sunlight

View vs Privacy

Natural ventilation vs External pollutants &

insects & noise


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MALAYSIAN HOME ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION

Source : Ir Grumit Singh / CETDEM


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A COOLER ENVIROMENT

DESIGNING FOR THE SUN

1.1


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HOW DOES THE HEAT GET IN?

Low rise buildings - Half the heat goes in

through the ROOF

High Rise Buildings 70-90% goes in

through the BUILDING FABRIC. Of this

fabric heat gain 70-80% is from direct

solar heat gains through glazing


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Heat

Conductionthrough Walls

Heat

Conductionthrough

Windows

Solar Heat

Gainthrough

Windows

BUILDING FABRIC SOLAR HEAT GAINS

Sunlight80%

Glass15%

Walls5%


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BASICS OF MS1525SECTION 5 : BUILDING ENVELOPE

1.1


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MS 1525 COMPLIANCE TO BE INCORPORATED

IN UBBL REVISIONBY KPKT

ARCHITECTS & ENGINEERS REQUIRED TO

COMPLY TO MS1525 FOR NON-RESIDENTIAL

BUILDINGS WITH AIR CONDITIONED AREAS

LARGER THAN 4000 SMAFTER UBBL

AMENDMENT

ARCHITECTS / ENGINEERS WILL HAVE TO

SUBMIT OTTV & RTTV CALCULATIONSTO

COMPLY WITH SECTION 5 OF MS1525

ENGINEERS WILL HAVE TO ENSURE

COMPLIANCE WITH SECTION 6,7,8,AND 9


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OTTVi = 15 (1-WWR)Uw+ 6(WWR)Uf+ 194xCFxWWRxSC

Heat

Conductionthrough Walls

Heat

Conductionthrough

Windows

Solar Heat

Gainthrough

Windows

OTTV < 50 W/m2

COMPUTING FABRIC SOLAR HEAT GAINS


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Heat energy flows from a hot object to a cooler object.

Whenever there is a temperature gradient, heat transfer

will always occur.

It can never be stopped, and it can only be slowed.

HEAT CONDUCTION THROUGH WALLS


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HEAT CONDUCTION THROUGH WALLS

15

(1-WWR)Uw

15 x Solar Absorb

x Wall Area x U-value of wall(Heat Conduct through Wall)

Solar Absorption = Colour of wallsDepending on WWR this is typically 0.5% to 5 % of

Total OTTV

Black Paint 0.90-0.99

White Paint 0.15-0.30

Aluminium Oxide Paint 0.09

Red Roof Tiles 0.4-0.8


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U-VALUE OF WALLS

U-value is the heat transmission value of the wall

in W/m2K

U-values have to be worked out from the Thermal

Resistance of the respective materials making

up the wallThe Overall thermal resistance of the composite

wall = Thickness x Conductivity x Resistance of

each component totaled up

The Higher the Thermal Resistance, the lower the

U-Value and therefore the Thermal

Transmittance of heat through the walls


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HEAT CONDUCTION THROUGH WINDOWS

6(WWR)Uf

6 x Window Area x U-value of Window (HeatConduct through Window)

Depending on WWR this is between 10% to 20% of

Total OTTV

WINDOW TYPE TYPICAL U-VALUES w/m2K

Single Glazed window 5.7

Single Glazed Window Low-E 4.2

Double Glazed Window 2.6-2.9

Double Glazed Window Low-E 1.2


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SOLAR GAIN THROUGH WINDOWS

194xCFxWWRxSC

194 x Correction Factor (Depend on Orientation-

Table 4) x Window Area x Shading Coefficient

(Table 5,6 & 7)

Depending on WWR this is between 75% to 85% ofTotal OTTV. The large constant of 194 already

hints that this is a major factor in the OTTV

SC can be a major contributor to reducing the

Overall OTTV as it can change this componentby between 30% to 80%


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U-VALUE OF ROOFS

U-value is the heat transmission value of the Roof

in W/m2K

U-values have to be worked out from the Thermal

Resistance of the respective materials making

up the RoofThe Overall thermal resistance of the composite

Roof = Thickness x Conductivity x Resistance

of each component totaled up

The Higher the Thermal Resistance, the lower the

U-Value and therefore the Thermal

Transmittance of heat through the Roof


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THERMAL INSULATION FLAT ROOFS

Interior Air-Conditioned Space

900mm Ceiling Air Space

12mm Ceiling Tiles

100mm Cast Concrete

Use 50-100 mm thick insulation

50mm - 100mmInsulation


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THERMAL INSULATION PITCHED ROOFS

Aluminum Sheet

Roof Space

Existing 50mm Insulation Wool

Metal Deck Roof

Additional 100mm Insulation on the Ceiling to

prevent heat from affecting the space below.

45C

35C

Ceiling Tiles (fiber board)

Add 100mm thick insulation to the ceiling for retrofit


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THERMAL INSULATION PITCHED ROOFS

Aluminum Sheet

Roof Space

100mm Insulation Wool

Metal Deck Roof

45C

35C

Ceiling Tiles (fiber board)

Add 100mm thick insulation & ventilate the roof

50mm ventilation gap


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Roof Garden IBP Atrium Singapore


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KEY PASSIVE DESIGN FACTORSAFFECTING THERMAL PROPERTIES OF

BUILDINGS

SITE PLANNING & MICRO-CLIMATE

SIZE & SHAPE

ORIENTATION

PLANNING & ORGANIZATION

THERMAL RESISTANCE

THRMAL CAPACITY

WINDOW SYSTEMS

CONSTRUCTION DETAILING


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ORIENTATION


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ORIENTATION

A double storey house facing east-west can expectto get nearly 30% more solar radiation than an

identical north south facing house

For flats and apartments, depending on the aspect

ratio and height of the building, an east-west facingbuilding can have 16% to 40% more solar gain than

a north-south facing block.


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WINDOW GLAZING

Spectrally Selective Glazing :

Lets in the lights, blocks out the heat

TintedGlazing

Sp. Sel. Glazing

LightHeat

LightHeat

Typical Values, Double Glazing : Light 60% Transmission

Heat 30 % Transmission


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0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Wavelength, nm

solar spectrum

ideal window transmittance

visible

CHOOSE SPECTRALLY SELECTIVE GLAZING


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WINDOW SHADING

External Shading

Devices are more

effective than Internal

Blinds.

Only need to block

out Direct Sunlight.


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GREENBUILDINGINDEX SDN BHD | www.greenbuildingindex.org

Horizontal Shading Devices

SHADING COEFFICIENT R1SHADING COEFFICIENT R1

x = 1m

y=3.4m

1.0

3.4 =

X

yR1 =

= 0.30

SECTION

y=3.2m

SECTION

x = 1.2m

=1.2

Xy

R1 =

= 0.375

3.2


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SHADING COEFFICIENT, R1SHADING COEFFICIENT, R1

MS1525:2007 Table 5

If R1 falls between increments, adopt the next larger ratio.If R1 is below 0.30, SC2 = 1.

If R1 is > 2.00, SC2 values shall be the same as R1 between 1.30 and 2.00


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Vertical Shading Devices

SHADING COEFFICIENT - R2SHADING COEFFICIENT - R2

1.8

0.75 =

X

yR2 =

= 0.42Inside

y = 1.8m

x = 0.75m

PLAN VIEW

Outside


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SHADING COEFFICIENT, R2SHADING COEFFICIENT, R2

MS1525:2007 Table 6

If R2 falls between increments, adopt the next larger ratio.If R2 is below 0.30, SC2 = 1.

If R2 > 2.00, SC2 values shall be the same as R2 is between 1.30 and 2.00.


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SHADING COEFFICIENT - R2SHADING COEFFICIENT - R2


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GREEN BUILDING INDEXGREEN BUILDING INDEX

1. Orientate your buildings intelligently

2. Insulate your walls and roofs

3. Reduce OTTV and RTTV by

locating and sizing windows smartly

choosing glazing correctlyproviding shading to windows

4. Maximize daylight penetration

SUMMARYREDUCE ENERGY USAGE IN BUILDINGS


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Perceived Illuminance

Under overcast sky conditions, subjective responses to daylight factors

are as follows.

With a DF 3%, a room will feel vigorously day lit. No electric lighting will

be needed.

NOTE : External illuminance over Malaysian skies ranges from 12,000 lux

to 20,000 lux.


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UBBL Requirements

Bylaw 39(1)

Every room designed for residential, business or other purposes

except hospitals & schools shall be provided with natural lighting

and natural ventilation by means of one or more windows having

total area not less than 10% of the floor area and shall have

opening for uninterrupted air passage of 5%

Bylaw 39(2)

Hospitals window area 15% and open able windows 10%

Bylaw 39(2)

Schools window area 20% and open able windows 10%


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Daylight Estimation Using Split Flux Method

The most usable manual method for calculating Daylight Factorsis the

split flux method. This is based on the assumption that, ignoring direct

sunlight, natural light reaches a point inside a building in three ways:

Sky Component(SC)

Directly from the sky, through an opening such as a window.Externally Reflected Component(ERC)

Light reflected off the ground, trees or other buildings.

Reflected Component(IRC)

The inter-reflection of (SC) and (ERC) off other surfaces within the room.


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Daylight Estimation Using Split Flux Method


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DAYLIGHTING ESSENTIALS

1. Bring the light in high, above the view plane

2. Diffuse sunlight inside the space. Dont allow beam

sunlight to strike work surfaces.

3. Use only north and south vertical windows

4. Choose the glazing carefully.


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Continuous strip of narrow windows up high

A few view windows. These have a low visible transmittance (0.2

0.3), to balance the luminance of the walls with the luminance

of the outdoor view. Every work place in the building should have

a visual connection to the outside

Eggshell white color in the upper part of the room to bounce the

light across the room

Mid-to-light colors in the lower part of the room


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PSALI

For Office or home task lighting, perimeter lighting can employ thePermanent Supplementary Artificially Lighting of the Interior

procedure.

1.Determine the perimeter spaces with DF more than 3%. These

spaces will have adequate lighting for at least 80% of daylight

hours.

2.This is usually up to 3 meters from the perimeter walls. Put in a

separate switching for the lights.

3.Determine the spaces with DF more than 1%. Have half the light

fittings one switch and the other half at alternate intervals on

another switch.

4.The second half of the lights need only be switched on for 50%

of the time, giving a saving of 25% for this second band.


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SECTION DEPTH 20 FT (6.1M)


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SECTION DEPTH 26 FT (8M)


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PSALI


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GREEN BUILDING INDEXGREEN BUILDING INDEX

G Reimann

50,000 lux

30,000 lux

10 am 4 pm

DIFFUSED DAYLIGHT LEVELS


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SOURCE OF DAILUX SOFTWARE

http://www.dial.de/DIAL/en/dialux.html


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NATURAL VENTILATION

VENTILATION COOLING

1.3


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CROSS VENTILATION


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CROSS & STACK VENTILATION


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COOLING FROM NATURAL VENTILATION

1.Estimate heat load from Internal Heat sources

2.Add Fabric and roof heat gains using OTTV &

RTTV calculations

3.Total the heat gains

4.Use charts to estimate openings required for theheat loads w/m2

5. If opening sizes not sufficient, fans may be

required to achieve the required cooling


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Internal Heat Sources


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CROSS VENTILATION


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CROSS VENTILATION

T=1.5-2oC


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STACK VENTILATION


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SINGLE SIDED STACK VENTILATION


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STACK VENTILATION

T=1.5-2oC


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CROSS & STACK VENTILATION

T=1.5-2oC


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CEILING FANS

Fans that create an air movement of 150-200 ft/min

(0.75-1.0 m/sec) can create a cooling effect of up to

4 degF (2.2degC). They provide convective cooling

increase evaporative cooling.

The most cooling effect is within a circular zone of

twice the fan diameter.


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GBI CERTIFIEDRESIDENTIAL

2


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CASE STUDIES

3-1 Urban High Rise

One Sandilands Penang

3-2 Urban Low Rise

Saville Bangsar

3-3 Rural Low RiseMutiara Villa Bentong

3


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OTTV 32 / 2


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OTTV = 32 w/m2

Roof U-value = 0.29 w/m2K

BIPV = 25 kWp


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>50% of Construction waste re-cycled

>60% landscape fertilizer come from

composting

57% water savings from Water Efficient fittings


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RURAL LOW RISEMUTIARA VILLA BENTONG3.3


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