Abstract

The increasing frequency and intensity of disasters and humanitarian crises and its resulting suffering and losses represents a major threat to long term development, growth and poverty reduction, in particular in the poorest and developing countries. We can help people, households, communities and governments to better withstand increasing shocks and stresses. In other words, help them strengthen their resilience.

Resilience is a word that we hear more and more, but what is resilience? What does resilience add to existing disaster risk reduction (DRR) interventions? In this document you will find elements that address these questions and essential actions from the resilience building process.

RESILIENCE: A STEP BEYOND DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

November 2014

Action contre la Faim is a global humanitarian organization committed to ending world hunger. Works to save the

lives of malnourished children while providing to communities sustainable solutions to hunger.

Action contre la Faim

Key Messages

Resilience is multi-hazard, multi-sectorial, multi-partner and multi-level

Participatory approach is essential

Resilience integrates Disaster Risk Reduction, Climate Change Adaptation and poverty reduction.

2 3

RESILIENCE: A STEP BEYOND DISASTER RISK REDUCTION RERESILIENCE: A STEP BEYOND DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

Main principles of a resilience building process

-Reflection and analysis centred on multiple hazards involving multiple level response strategies (preparedness, early response, mitigation, prevention, adaptation, transformation, research and advocacy).

-Multi-sectorial approach: resilience is not a new activity but a process of adapted and combined good practices from different specialties for a common aim (includes Disaster Risk Reduction, Climate Change Adaptation, Food Security and livelihood, Nutrition and health, Social Behaviour Change, access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene, conflict management, natural

1. Analysing the interplay of climate-related shocks and stresses with food and nutrition security (e.g. Participatory Risk, Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis (PCVA)).

2. Strengthening early warning system and linking alerts to early response mechanisms (e.g. surveillance and early warning).

3. Enhancing institutional preparedness for early action (e.g. ACF Emergency Preparedness and Response Planning and national contingency planning)

4. Tackling seasonal peaks of under nutrition (e.g. analysis, seasonal thinking).

5. Risk-proofing all FSL, WaSH, Nutrition and Health, and Care practices programs (e.g. analysis of project sensitivity to shocks, climate-resilient livelihood and infrastructures).

resources management, social protection, gender).-Community management of risks is crucial for effective resilience building. Participatory approach is the base for the development of local action plan.

-Resilience is a way to operationalize the link between relief, rehabilitation and development (LRRD) in a common framework. It goes beyond rehabilitation and aims at supporting the capacity of a system to continue to develop and improve despite shocks and stresses.

- Resilience building involve multiple partners at individual, household, community and system (institution and service) levels.

Resilience refers to the capacities of people, household, communities and the systems, on which they depend to resist, absorb, cope and adapt when exposed to hazard or a set of hazards while preserving, restoring or enhancing their food and nutrition security. (ACF, 2012, “Enhancing climate resilience and food & nutrition security: policy”)

What is resilience?

6. Facilitating community-manage of risks and resilience building plans (e.g. community preparedness plan).

7. Conducting advocacy and supporting policy development: risk-sensitive policies and decision-making mechanisms, promote community-managed initiatives, and coordination with key national and global platforms (e.g. advocacy strategy).

8. Conducting applied research and strengthening evidence: make all best practices attractive and convert skills and knowledge into learning, experimentation and innovation.

*For detail presentation refer to: ACF (2014), “Enhancing Climate Resilience and Food & Nutrition Security: Technical Guide”.

The Top 8 Essential Actions*These actions can be combined into a

coherent resilience building process

Note: ACF is intervene at all levels, but with a special focus at individual, HH and community levels

Main capacities to support in resilience building:-Absorptive capacities refer to interventions supporting risks preparedness, mitigation and prevention. These capacities are addressed through disaster risk reduction interventions.-Transformative capacities refer to actions improving governance and enabling conditions.-Adaptive capacities refer to long-term investment in livelihood.

(IFPRI, 2014 “Resilience Programming among Nongovernmental Organizations”)

Community

System(Local and national)

System (Global)

Individuel

4 5

RESILIENCE: A STEP BEYOND DISASTER RISK REDUCTION RERESILIENCE: A STEP BEYOND DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

Is resilience DRR and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA)?DRR and CCA are components of resilience, in a sense that resilience is the concept that integrates DRR, CCA and poverty reduction.DRR approach may be the first step or the entry point for developing programmes aimed to build resilience of populations at-risk.

Comparative between DRR and Resilience framework

PREP

ARED

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and

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CA):

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What does resilience add to existing Disaster Risk Reduction (DDR) interventions?Resilience is the opportunity to design DRR outcomes which are more sustainable and flexible, and propose interventions contributing to improve durable livelihoods, adequate food and nutrition security and long-term environmental security.

DRR Framework Components Resilience Framework Components

Hazard: specific-hazards (natural or man-made, e.g. drought, floods, epidemic, conflict)

Multi-hazard: any hazards (shocks or stresses, e.g. food prices fluctuations)

Vulnerability: human mortality, injury and other health effects, livelihoods & economic loss and damages

Capability: abilities to adapt and learn about experiences, capacities for decision-making and problems solving, and capacities to use resources (income, commodities and assets) to adapt

Specific level: specific target groups: households, communities and government

Multi-level and scale: interlink individual, households, communities and system

DRR Framework Interventions Resilience Framework Interventions

Governance and Advocacy: Policies, strategies, laws and budgets specific for DRR and Hyogo Framework for Action

Governance and Advocacy: multi-disciplinary and inter-sectorial policies and institutions

Awareness raising: build culture of safetyLearning process, knowledge and best practices sharing

Hazard specific surveillance, early warning, contingency and preparedness planning

Multi-hazard and multi sectorial surveillance and early warning

Risk Analysis: access to information on hazards and future risks using PCVA tools1.

Context Analysis: increase the knowledge of context, multi-hazards and uncertainty using PCVA tools.

Action planning focusing on preparedness, mitigation and prevention interventions (e.g. preparedness plan, contingency plan, disaster risk reduction plan)

Action planning integrating DRR planning and developing long term adaptation and transformation interventions (e.g. resilience plan, advocacy plan)

Short and mid term preparedness and mitigation actions (hazard proofing): reducing underlying causes of vulnerability by improving emergency infrastructure, food security and nutrition, access to natural resources, and livelihoods

Long-term interventions (adaptation): Improving economic status, income and livelihoods, diversified commodities and assets, inclusive and equitable development, sustainability, social cohesion, public health, ownership by communities & local authorities and human right & social justice

Exposure: proximity, intensity, frequency, and interdependence of people and assets related to the shocks and stresses

Improve capacity bulding by sharing information and encouraging review and evaluation between multi-actors

1 https://intranet.acf-e.org/hq/tec/d/Disaster%20Risk%20Management/acf_2013_-_practical_manuel_pcva.pdf

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REFERENCES

Enhancing Climate Resilience and Food and Nutrition Security, a technical guide for ACF Field Workers and Partners, July 2014, Scientific and Technical Department, ACF International

Building Resilience, a Strategic framework for operationalizing resilience, July 2014, Scientific and Technical Department, ACF International

Alternatives to mitigate the effects of climate change, Conservation Agriculture, a Case Study in Syria.

Disaster risk management for communities, ACF International

Disaster risk management for insecure contexts, ACF International

Changing climates changing lives. Adaptation strategies of pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in Ethiopia and Mali, ACF International, Tearfund and IDS

Enhancing resilience to shocks and stress, April 2013, ACF-F and ACF-S