resilience, adaptability and transformability of coastal aquaculture systems to climate change: the...
DESCRIPTION
Nhuong Tran presents 'Resilience, adaptability and transformability of coastal aquaculture systems to climate change: the Mekong Delta's case' at the Climate-Smart Agriculture, Global Science Conference, held at the University of California, Davis, from the 20th - 22nd March, 2013.TRANSCRIPT
Resilience, adaptability and transformability of coastal aquaculture systems to climate change: the Mekong Delta’s case Nhuong Tran, Conner Bailey, Neil Andrew, Suan Pheng Kam, Quyen Le Cao, Giang Hoai Tran, Chau Van Lam20 March 2013, UC Davis, California, USA
OVERVIEW
• Changing climate in the MD • Aquaculture in the MD • Study background & approaches• Resilience to climate change• Adaption to climate change• Transformation under climate change• Policy implications
Changing climate in the MD
• MD: one of global hotspots for climate change
• Sea level rise: 30cm by 2050; up to 1m by 2100
• Consistent assessment revealed by science based scenarios and community consultation (sea level rise, erratic change in rainfall and temperature, increasing storms and wind threats, etc).
Aquaculture systems in the MD(Farmed species is not completed!)
Type/species Culture system Monoculture, polyculture
Freshwater Stripped catfish (Pangasius) Pond, cage, pen Monoculture
Giant prawn Pond, fence, rice fields Monoculture or Rice-prawn
Chinese carps Pond Polyculture
Indian carps Pond Polyculture
Climbing perch Pond Monoculture
Snakehead Pond Monoculture
Tilapia Pond Monoculture
Brackish and marine water
Tiger shrimp Pond Monoculture/integrated, alternate
White leg shrimp Pond Monoculture
Mud crab Pond Polyculture
Cobia Cage, pond Monoculture
Barramundi (sea bass) Monoculture
Bivalves Open waters Ranching with stock enhancement
Source: http://www.sialme.com/Site/Speaker-Presentations/Ministry-of-Environment-and-Water
Diversity of species for marine, brackish-water and freshwater environments
Spatial distribution of aquaculture in the MD
Legends:
Green = extensive/improved extensive shrimp
Yellow = rice- shrimpDark yellow= Semi-intensive/intensive shrimp
Circles= stripped catfish/Pangasius
Study background and approaches
• CCAFS funded activity “Integrating climate change adaptation into aquaculture development planning in Vietnam”.
• Fieldwork conducted in 3 provinces: focus group discussion at province, district, & commune level.
• Previous studies funded by World Bank (2010), Borlaug LEAP grant.
Coastal Aquaculture Systems in the MD
• High functional diversity
• Low species diversity- dominated by shrimp
• Spatial dimension-large farmed area concentrated in Ca Mau peninsula (Ca Mau, Bac Lieu provinces).
• Located near sensitive coastal ecosystems (e.g., mangrove forests).
Delta-wide perspective oncoastal aquaculture resilience
• Resilience - Capacity of coastal aquaculture to operate, respond and react to climate change disturbance to continue to deliver benefits/value to involved stakeholders/local communities.
• No “one size fits all”: extensive to intensive system has pros and cons.
• Small scale and low intensification systems are socially and ecologically resilient. But resilient capacity is decreasing due to increasing accumulative pollution, resource degradation caused by increasing intensive production and other factors.
• Large scale (intensive) system may be able to protect themselves from climate change impacts with infrastructure
Adaptation of aquaculture to climate change
• Autonomous adaptation: various actions are taken by farmers: changing farm management practices, upgrading pond dykes, adopting alternative species, improved strains, etc
• Planned adaptation: improved broodstock, feeds (lower food conversion ratio), production systems with more efficient nutrient and energy flows; research and market development for new species to diversify away from shrimp and pangasius
• => Diversification is the key for enhancing resilience of the aquaculture industry & making use of opportunities created by sea level rise
Transforming under climate change
• Limited market for species other than shrimp and pangasius
• Potential markets for other species should be explored to allow farming system transformation
• Transforming from shrimp monoculture to shrimp-rice culture integration
• Aquaculture/coastal ecosystems will experience area relocation, contraction and expansion; some new areas are available for brackish water. This is a slow process but is happening
Policy implications
• Smart strategy is to maintain farming system diversification
• Support small scale and low intensive systems to enhance social-ecological resilience
• No-regret adaptation: protect and conserve sensitive coastal ecosystems, provide incentives for farmers to restore mangroves, adopt ecosystem based approaches to aquaculture
LAND USE IN THE MD