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RESOLUTIONS FROM THE A.A.M.C. PROCEEDINGS, 1876 - 1949

Resolved, first,

That the action of the convention shall not beconsidered binding upon the colleges represented,unless endorsed by their respective faculties.

That it is the opinion of this convention that notwo consecutive sets of lecture tickets, shall beregarded 'as fulfilling the usual pre-requisites ofinstruction for graduation where the time betweenthe beginning of the first course and the end ofthe second is less than fifteen months.

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3. 1876

The practice of reducing or remitting in indivi­dual cases the established fees of a college hasthe objectionable feature of discriminating betweenstudents who may be equally deserving, and openingthe door to possible gross abuses; therefore

That this convention regards the above privilegeas one to be deprecated in general, and, if put .into practice at all, to be exercised both rarelyand reluctantlYr and only in unusual circumstances,and after unso11cited application by proven de­serving candidates.

second, That anything like a wholesale system of suchreduction or remission of established fees, or anyopen solicitation of recip!ents of such favors beregarded as in the highest degree improper, andthat any college indulging in such practices de­serves to forfeit its place on the ad eundem listof medical colleges. ~

June 2 and

Resolved,

Resolved,

Whereas,

Resolved,

I <if 1 t, - (q ~S­

13oy- I mtse-

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Resolved,

Resolved,

Whereas,

Resolved,

That no medical faculty should issue a diploma notbearing the graduate's name.

That it is the sense of the convention that thediploma fee should not be abolished.

A knowledge of the elementary branches of medicineshould precede a study of the practical branches,

That, in the hope of inducing students to prolongand systematize their studies, this convention re­commends to all medical colleges to offer to students

Resolved, 1,

Resolved, 2,

Resolved, 3~

Resolved, 4,

Resolved, 5,

Resolved,

Resolution

2

the option of three courses of lectures, aftera plan similar to the following:

Students who have attended two full courses oflectures on anatomy, chemistry, materia medicaand physiology, may be examined upon any of thesesubjects at the end of their second course. Dur­ing their third course, such students may devotethemselves to the lectures upon the theory andpractice of medicine, surgery, obstetrics and dis­eases of women and children, upon which subjectsonly they shall be examined at the final examina­tion, for the degree of M.D., their standing, how­ever, to be determined by the resQts of both ex­aminations.

That this convention now proceed to form a Pro­visional Association of American Medical Colleges,under its present officers.

That when the Association adjourns, it shall adjournto meet at the call of its President.

That the various medical colleges be invited to takeinto consideration the project of forming, at thenext meeting of this Provisional Association, apermanent Association of American Medical Colleges.

That for the furtherance of this object, a committeeof three be appointed at this meeting to confer byletter with the various colleges, and invite theirviews on. the proper object and plan of such pro­posed organization; and upon the recept of the same,to draft a constitution and by-laws for a permanentAssociation, to be submitted at the next meeting ofthis Association.

That the advisory resolutions upon matters of collegepolicy passed by this convention be printed and forwardedto all regular medical colleges in the United Statesfor their consideration.

That, in the op~~on of this Association, medicalcolleges ought not to recognize or hold fellowshipwith any school or its alumni in which irregularmedicine is taught as a part of the curriculum.

No degree in medicine should be conferre~ underany circumstances, except after an examination inperson of the candidate upon all the branches ofMedicine.

June 2 and 4, 1871

Resolved, 2,

Resolved,

June 3. 1878

Resolved,

Whereas,

Whereas,

3

That the American Medical College Association donow organize under the officers of the former Pro­visional Association, with the Constitution, By­Laws, and Articles of Confederation adopted at thelast meeting of the Provisional Association; andthat colleges represented by delegates at theProvincial Association, and eligible for membershipto the present Association, under its Constitution,be now called upon seriatim, for the SUbscribingby the delegates to the Constitution, By-Laws,and Articles of Confederation.

That each confederated college shall publish inits annual circular and catalogue the names of allconfederated and affiliated colleges, beginningwith their announcements for 1876-1879.

That the· Secretary of the Association be, and ishereby directed to furnish once in each year toeach and every college member, and to each affi­liated college, a printed list of college membersand affiliated colleges, the diplomas and ticketsof which may be recognized by the college membersand affiliated colleges; and also to furnish tocollege members and affiliated colleges a printedlist of those colleges (not including irregularcoIeges) of the United States, that have appliedfor membership, and have been rejected or expelledfrom the Association, the diplomas and tickets ofwhich are.not to be recognized by college membersand affiliated colleges; and also to furnish, withsaid list of rejected colleges not to be recognized,the dates at which said colleges had been excludedfrom membership of the Association, and after whichthe diplomas and tickets of said colleges, are notto be recognized.

It is eminently desirable that the medical schoolsof this country should adopt a uniform system ofinstruction of a grade fully in acoord with therequirements of the age in other branches of study,and with the practice of the medical institutionsof Europe; and,

All the efforts to bring about such a change on thepart of the American Medical Association, of theAssociation of Medical Teachers assembled at Cin­cinnati in 1867, and at Washington in 1869, and ofdifferent.State medical societies, have signally

May 3 and 5, 1879

Whereas,

Resolved,

Resolved,

Resolved,

Resolved,

Recommendations

failed; and,

The present time seems to be peculiarly favorablefor taking strong ground upon the sUbject, inasmuchas it is now attracting general attention through­out the United States; therefore,

That this Association respectfully and earnestlyrequest that the regularly organized and accreditedmedical schools of the United States hold at theirearliest convenience a meeting for the purpose ofadopting some definite and final action upon asUbject of such vital importance to the dignity,character and usefulness of the profession andthe welfare of the American people.

That in order to impart proper efficiency to thisplan each and every college be requested to sendtwo delegates, consisting of one member of eachBoard of Trustees, and of one member of each Faculty,with full power to act for their respective insti­tutions.

That the medical and secular press throughout theUnited States be respectfully requested to lend theiraid in the dissemination and discussion of thesepreambles and resolutions in order to place thewhole matter of medical education prominently be­fore the profession and the people.

That a copy of these preambles and resolutions,signed by the President and Secretary of thisAssociation, be transmitted to the officers ofevery regularly constituted medical college inthe United States, with a request to hold the con­templated meeting at Washington City, or at someother central point on the first Wednesday inSeptember next, or as soon thereafter as possible.

(1) That there be appointed each year, by the Pre­sident of the Association, a standing committee. ofthree which shall be known as the Committee on Medi­cal Colleges, and that the duties of said committeeshall be the following:

(a) Said c~mmittee shall procure, if possible,each year, the circulars and announcements of allthe medical colleges of the United States.

(b) The committee shall examine the said circularsand note any provisions therein that appear toviolate the requirements of the Association.

No resolutions came out of this meeting.

May 31 and June 1, 1880

That it is unlawful for credit to be granted toany student for two regular courses when the sameare taken within less than fifteen months.

Tbat gratuitous instruction of medical students byany member of this Association, otherwise than asprovided for in sections 3, 4 and 5, Art. V ofthe Articles of Confederation, is unlawful.

(c) The comm~ee shall make a report at eachannual meeting of the Association, which shallembrace a list of all colleges that violate itsrequirements, with a full statement of the pro­visions violated.

5

That it shall be considered derogatory to thedignity and good standing of any medical collegerepresented in this Association to advertise inany other than a strictly medical publication thenames of its professors, with their respectivechairs. This resolution does not apply to theannual circulars and catalogues issued by thecolleges, but to advertising in non-professionalperiodicals, newspapers, and other like publica­tions, in which only a card calling attention tothe advantages of the school, length of session,fees, etc., with the names of the executive offi­cers or secretary appended, should be permitted.

That the Secretary be instructed to notify theColleges whose announcements are defective in anyrespect whatever, of the particular defects noticedin the report of the Committee on Colleges.

That the Association of American Medical Editorsbg requested to give the full weight of its in­fluence to the support of the Association of Ameri­can Medical Colleges, in the execution of all itsefforts to secure reforms in medical education, andthat the public press everywhere be requested topublish th~ amendment to the Articles of Confedera­tion of this Association, requiring attendance uponthree full courses of lectures in three separateyears before admitting candidates to apply for finalexamination for the degree of Doctor of Medicine.

Reso1.ved,

Resolved,

Resolved,

Resolved,

Resolved,

May 2 and 4. 1881

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,

No resolutions came out of the meeting held in 1890.

No meetings of the Association from 1883 to l8f~

May 16. 1882

Whereas,

Resolved,

Resolved,

May 4. 1891'

Resolution

6

It has become apparent to this Association thatits action in establishing a three years' courseof college study is in advance of the views ofthe medical profession at large, that it is notsupported in this movement by the profession, andespecially by the older eastern schools, whosestatus should have made them leaders in a reformmovement of this character; therefore, be it

That the law upon this subject be not enforced dur­ingthe year required for its amendment.

That it is derogatory to the best interests of themedical profession, and to the character of anymedical school, for the membership of its facultyto hold chairs in any similar school of instructionholding sessions at different seasons of the yearfor the purpose of graduating medical students.

Minimum of RequirementsRules governing admission of colleges to member­ship in the Association of American MedicalColleges;

(l) Colieges, members of this Association, shallrequire a course of graded instruction covering aperiod of three courses of lectures, of not lessthan six months' duration each, before conferringthe degree of M.D. The instruction to cover aperiod of three years, no two courses to be af­forded in the same year.

(2) That both oral and written examinations berequired of all students.

(3) That ~ thorough course of laboratory instruc­tion be maintained in Chemistry, Histology andPathology.

(4) That a preliminary entrance examination berequired as follows:

(a) A composition-written in English of not lessthan two hundred words.

7

(b) The translation of easy Latin prose.. .

(c) An examination in higher Arithmetic or theelements of Algebra.

(d) An examination in the elements of Physics.

(e) It is provided, however, that$udents,graduates or matriculates of recognized collegesof Literature~ Science and Arts, or graduates ofNormal Schools directly supported by the State,be exempt from the provisions of this examination.

(f) Students may be allowed one year to remove acondition in Latin.

No resolutions came out of the meeting held in 1892.

June 7. 1893

Motion unanimously adopted - the BULLETIN is made the officialorgan of the Association.

June 7. 8 and 9. 1894

Resolved~ That the following classes of students be recognizedas entitled to apply for advanced standing in col­leges, members of this body:

a. Such graduates of recognized universities andcolleges .as have completed the prescribed coursesin chemistry and biology therein.

b. Graduates and matriculates of co~leges of homeo­pathy.

c. Graduates and matriculates of colleges of eclec-.tic medicine.

d. Graduates and matriculates of colleges of den­tistry requiring two or more courses of lectures_before conferring the degree of D.D.S.

e. Graduates and matriculates of colleges of phar­macy.

f. Graduates and matriculates of colleges of veter­inary medicine.

It is provided, however, that the above classes ofstudents be required to comply with the provisionsof the entrance-examination, and to prove their

fitness to advanced Hrofessional study by an in­dividual examination upon each branch below theclass he or she may desire to enter.

It is provided that students availing themselvesto these provisions be required to comply with theprovisions of the four years' course.

Thirdly, resolved, That the colleges, members ofthis Association, require of student matriculatesnot otherwise exempt an examination as follows:

1. An English composition in the handwriting ofthe applicant of not less than two hundred words,said composition to include construction, punc­tuation, and spelling.

2. Arithmetic-fundamental rules, common and de­cimal fractions, and ratio and proportion.

3. Algebra-through quadratics.

4. Physics-elementary, (Gage).

5. Latin-an amount equal to one year's study asindicated in Harkness' Latin Reader. .

May 5, 1895

No resolutions came out of this meeting.

May 4, 1896

Motion carried that the Secretary was instructed to ask each collegein the Association to send the committee on codi­fication such ~endment of the constitution as itproposes.

May 31, 1897

No resolutions came out of this meeting.

June 6, 1898

Motion carried that all applmations for membership from collegesnot fully complying with the rules and regulationsof the Association, may, upon furnishing satis­factory evidence to the council, of a determina­tion in future to make full compliance with allthe rules and regulations of the Association, beadmitted to full membership in the interval bet­ween this and our next annual meeting.

9

No resolutions came out of this meeting.

June'S. 1899

That a committee be appointed to confer with asimilar committee of the confederation of examin­ing and licensing boards for the purpose of con­sidering joint measures for promoting the aimsthey have in common.

That this committee shall be composed of five mem­bers including the president of this body.

That no college, a member of this Association, shallbe permitted to accord to anyone any beneficiaryscholarship, except as provided for in the endo~nnent

funds of said college. The facts in regard to sucha scholarship shall be fully set forth in the annualannouncement of the college offering it.

2,

June 4. S. 1900

Reso4.ved,

Resolved,

June 3. 1901

No resolutions came out of this meeting.

No resolutions came out of' this meeting.

May 4. 1903

That the Association of American Medical Collgesapproves of the so-called combined system ofliterary and medical education, and of giving timecredits of not exceeding one year to the holder ofthe degree of A.B. or B.S., or other equivalent,from a reputable. college or university; Provided,that such student has had at least 900 hours inphysics, chemistry, osteology, histology, embry­ology, anatomy and physiology; and Provided, thatthe applicant for such time credits satisfies theprofessors of the chairs mentioned in the medialschool as to his proficiency in these first yearmedical studies.

June 9, 1902

Resolved,

June 6, 1904

April 10, 1905

No resolutions came out of this meeting.

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No resolutions came out of this meeting.

March 16 - 17, 1908

That it is the sense of this association thatwe recommend that in the future no time credit begiven for a baccalaureate degree, but that sub-ject credit may be allowed, on satisfactory examina­tion, and that we will continue to require a fullfour years' residence in medicine for the degreeof doctor of medicine.

In the evolution of medical education during thelast decade it has become apparent to those in­terested in the problem of higher and broaderattainments for graduates in medicine, that moretime should be devoted to a liberal education be­fore beginning the study of medicine; there-fore be it

March 19, 1906

Resolved,

May 6. 1907

\fuereas,

March 15, and 16, 1909

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Rescihred,

Resolved,

Resolved,

Resolved,

That the Association of American Medical Colleges,recognizing the growing need and sentiment forextended entrance requirements, earnestly advisesand recommends that the present minimum standardsbe increased as soon as practicable; and be itfurther

That a standing committee of five be appointed tobe known as Entrance Requirement Committee, whoseduty it shall be to take this important subject inhand and report to the Association at each annualmeeting; and be it further

That the Association calls attention of the stateboards and the educational organizations to thefact that the standard of entrance requirements ofthe Association is now higher than that of manystates and respectfully urges that such stateboards meet the Association standard.

That it is the op~n~on of the Association of Ameri­can Medical Colleges that state board examinationsfor licensure should be divided into two parts, theexaminations in the laboratory sciences being of-fered at the end of the second year of the medicalcourse, and in the practical work after graduation.That, state examining and licensing boards be urged

February 27 - 28, 1911

Further, That these investigations be made by ~wo

persons selected by the Judicial Council and thateach college inspected shall bear the expenses ofsuch inspection. And,

Further, That other educational bodies interestedin examining colleges be invited to participatein said inspection and examination.

March 21 and 22, 1910

Recommendations That the Judicial Council be given authority toorder an investigation of the colleges now membersof the Association that have been repcrted on ad­versely by the American Medical Association Councilon Education, and to L~vestigate any other collegesmembers of the Association that may be subjec~ed

to like criticism by other examining or inspectingbodies.

11

to effect such an arrangement wherever legallypossible.

That the Association of American Medical Collegesfavors practical examinations and laboratory testsas substitutes for a part of the written examina­tion now almost universally employed, and thatstate boards be requested to adopt these measureswherever possible.

That the Association request each school in member­ship to ascertain and file in the dean's office theestimate of each instructor as to the amount of timerequired, both in the classroom and at home, ineach course offered in the catalogue.

That in order to promote the advances of instruction,and research in the medical schools of the UnitedStates, the federal act to remit the excise taxeson alcohol used in museums, universities and collegesfor scientific purposes should be so amended as topermit, under suitable regulation, the use of tax­free alcohol in all laboratories and all departmentsof medical schools, including hospitals and dispen­saries, for instructional and scientific purposes.

Resolved,

Resolved,

Resolved,

February 28, 1912

February 26, 1913

No resolutions came out of this meeting.

February 25, 1914

~esqlutions adopted by the AAMC also:

12

We are firmly opposed to cruelty to animals. Weheartily support all humane efforts to preve~the

wanton infliction of pain. The vast majority ofexperiments on animals need not be and, in fact,are not accompanied by any pain whatsoever. Underthe regulations already in force, which reduce dis­comfort to the least possible amo~~t and which re­quire the decision of doubtful cases by the responsi­ble laboratory director, the performance of those

mre experiments which involve pain is, we believe,justifiable.

We regret the widespread lack of information re­garding the aims, the achievements and the pro­cedures of animal experimentation. We deplore thepersistent misrepresentation of thes~ aims, achieve­ments and procedures by those who are opposed to thisscientific 'method. We protest against the frequentdenunciations of self-sacrificing, high-minded menof science who are devoting their lives to the wel­fare of mankind in efforts to solve the complicatedproblems of living beings and their diseases.

We point to the remarkable and innumerable achieve­ments by means of animal experimentation in the pastin advancing the knowledge of biological laws anddevising methods of procedure for the cure of dis­ease and for the prevention of sUfferirg in humanbeings and lower animals. We emphasize the neces­sity of animal experimentation in continuing similarbeneficient work in the future.

We, the members of the American Societies forExperimental Biology-comprising the American Phy­siological Society, The American Society ofBiological Chemists, the American Society forPharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, andthe American Society for Experimental Pathology­in convention assembled, hereby express our accordwith the declaration of the recent InternationalMedical Congress and other authoritative medicalorganizations, in favor of the scientific methoddesignated properly animal experimentation butsometimes vivisection.

2.

1.

aor.1::1

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February 17, 1915

Resolved,

Recommendation

February 8. 1916.nesolution

Resolved,

Whereas,

13

That the Association of American Medical Collegesapproves the action of the National Association forthe Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis in bring­ing the subject of tuberculosis and medical teach­ing to its notice, and requests the NationalAssociation to urge its constituent dispensariesand sanatoria to open their facilities for teach­ing to the teaching faculties of accredited medi­cal schools.

That its services (Committee on Medical Research)should be placed at the disposal of the Committeeon Research Defense of the American Medical Asso­ciation and that hereafter it work in cooperationwith that Committee.

The Executive Council recommended cooperation withthe Council on Medical Education by appointing arepresentative to serve on a joint committee ofthe Council and this Association, and Mr. K. C.Babcock, formerly special~ in higher eduationof the United States Bureau of Education, for thepurpose of formulating a detailed report settingforth the best methods of administering the en­trance requirements of medical schools, and theadjustment of such requirements to existing con­ditions.

Recognizing the need and importance of a generallyaccepted standard for medical licensure, and ap­preciating the effort of the National Board ofMedical Examiners to satisfy this need as well asto provide a source of supply of prepared candidatesfor the Medical Corps of the Government services;therefore, be it

By the Association of American Medical Colleges, thatthe purposes of the National Board of Medical Ex­aminers be approved and its objects encouraged.

The trend and development of medical education forhigher standards for entrance to medical collegeshas shown that the sixty hours of preliminary col­lege credit requirement is logical a~ necessary, ~

and in view of the establishment of a nationalboard of examiners and the required standards forlicensure in fourteen states demanding the sixty

14

February 6. 1917

hours of college credit for entrance to medicalschools; therefore, be it

That this Association advance its entrance require­ments from the present standard of thirty hours ofcollege creiits to sixty hours of college credits,to become effective for all matriculants enteringon the study of medicine after January 1, 1918.

I,I,!

That the Association of American Medical Colleges,through the Surgeon General of the Army and theSurgeon General of the Navy, requests the Secretaryof War and the Secretary of the Navy to detail tosuch colleges of the Association as request and asthe Surgeons General approve, medical officers ofthe army and navy to give such medico-military in­struction to the senior classes as the SurgeonsGeneral may designate; and, the Assocition furtherrequests as certain graduates, of certain collegesof arts to whom military instructors are detailed,may be recommended for commission in the line ofthe army, that if possible a method be adopted where­by certain graduates of the Medical Colleges appro­ved by the Surgeons General of the Army and Navy,may be recommended for commission in the MedicalReserve Corps of the Army and the Medical ReserveCorps of the Navy without further examination thanthat which may be required to be given by the in­structors detailed to the approved colleges.

The Council on Medical Education proposes the ap­pointment of a committee of five to perfect a listof approved Liberal Arts Colleges and to outline asubject content of the two years' preliminary col­lege requirement, the committee to be composed ofone representative of the Council on Medical Edu­cation; one from the Association of American MedicalColleges; bne from the Association of AmericanUniversities, Prof. K. C. Babcock, Dean of theCollege of Arts, University of Illinois, and Dr.Theodore Hough, Dean of the University of VirginiaMedical College.

and carried that it be considered the sentiment ofthe Association that at least four (4) semesterhours of English, preferably English composition,be included in the required subjects of the twoyears of college work.

Resolved,

Resolved,

Moved, seconded

1. Whereas,

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Whereas,

Whereas,

Whereas,

Whereas,

Whereas,

Resolved,

February 5. 1918

Whereas, .

Whereas,

Whereas,

15

Therefore, the Council recommends that theAssociation should approve of such a committee,that the nominating committee be instructed toname a representative for the College Associa­tion, and that he shall be a member of thestanding committee on education.

There is likely to be another inspection of themedical colleges of this country by the Co~~cil

on Medical Education in the next year or two forthe purpose of a reclassification; and

The colleges, members of the Association of Ameri­can Medical Colleges, will be largely interestedin the final results of this inspection; and

Past experience has demonstrated that joint in­spections are much more satisfactory to all con­cerned than individual ones; and

The Council on Education has requested the Asso­ciation of Amer~an Medical Colleges to participatein the inspection of colleges members of the Asso­ciation; and

There are no funds available to pay expenses of adelegate to represent the Association, and wedoubt the wisdom of asking each college to pay itsown expense; therefore, be it

That the Executive Council be authorized to joinwith the. Council on Education in inspection ofcolleges members of the Association, and that, tomeet the traveling expenses of the inspector, afund should be created by an assessment of $50on each college in membership - $25 of which to becollected in 1917 and $25 in 1918. This assess­ment to be in addition to the regular annual duesof $25.

Recognition of the graduates of Class C medicalcolleges for position in the Medical ReserveCorps is refused by the Surgeon-Generalts Office;and

These colleges are asking for a higher rating fromthe Medial Department of the United States Army; and

A request has been made by that department askirgfor assistance from the Council on Medical Educa­tion and the Association of American Medical Col­leges toward determining the present educational

Resolved,

Wherea~

Resolved,4

Res~ed,

March 4, 1919

Resolved,

16

worth of the college; therefore, be it

That the Association extend its help in the in­spection of said colleges, and that the ExecutiveCouncil is hereby instructed to cooperate with theCouncil on Medical Education in this work and torender any other service requested by the Medi­cal Department of the United States Army thraghthe Surgeon-General.

Inasmuch as information has come to the "ExecutiveCouncil from various sources that certain medtalcolleges and medical associations have discussedthe question of lowering the standards of medicaleducation for the duration of the war for thepurpose of increasing the number of medical stu­dents and medical graduates, the Executive Councilrecommends that the Association place itself onrecord as being opposed to any such procedure.

The present test of the Nation's strength hascalled attention to certain fundamental weak­nesses of our people, as well as the inabilityqUickly to defend the Nation, therefor~ be it

That the Federal Government should provide thatevery young man, who is not wholly disqualified,shall receive at least six months' intensive mili-

tary training before being entitled to exercisethe functions of citizenship. It is further,

That the membership of this association exert ~influence in favor of universal military trainingand the preservation of the army cantonments forthis important constructive service to the Nation.

That this Association adhere to its published re­quirements for admission as regards total creditsand required subjects.

(b) That in evaluating premedical credentials pre­sented by entering students from recognized collegesminor deviations from their usual requirementsgranted by such colleges to such students on ac­count of war service may be recognized and acceptedby the schools of this Association, provided thatthe deviations are not such as seriously to hampersuch students in the medical course.

No resolutions came out o~ this meeting.

17

No resolutions came out of this meeting.

That the admission requirement of two years o~

premedical college work is to be interpreted assixty semester credits earned by study in an ap­proved college and including the required sub­jects, but without regard to the period of timewithin which the ~lege work was pursued. It isunderstood that the evaluation and acceptance ofmch credits is to be done by the registrar orother proper official of the university of whichthe medical school is a part.

March 7 - 10, 1921

March 1 - 3. 1920

ResQlved,

March e and 7. 1922

t~rch 2 and 3, 1923

The ~ollowing ruling was approved:

ItAs the rule of the Association ~uires a minimalamount of credit before admission is granted, stu­dents known to be candidates for the degree Doctorof Medicine but who lack complete entrance require­ments are not to be admitted as 'special students'.

Motion passed

Resolved,

That this Association request hospital authoritiesnot to conduct examinations or make appointmentsfor i~terns before the first day of April, and thatthe deans of medical colleges call the attentionof the hospital authorities to th~ action.

That it is the sense of the Association of Ameri­can Medical Colleges that all universities andcolleges and teachers' training schools providefor a brief but comprehensive course of instruc­tion in personal, domestic and community hygieneand sanitation for all their students, such in­struction to be given, preferably, in the fresh­man year.

The word "hygiene" as here used includes the neces­sary instruction in the fundamental principles ofhuman physiology.

18

February 28 and 29, and March 1, 192~

Recommendation adopted That the Association provide a system ofreports to be filed by its members which willaid in the study and interpretation of resultsof prelim~nary education.

Recommendation approved That the Association endeavor to act inan advisory capacity to the colleges and univer­sities of the country engaged in preparing stu­dents for entrance to medical schools, especiallyregarding the content of courses, so that theseinstitutions may --have a guide f or the changes ininstruction that will keep progress in preliminary

the health activities of the Federal governmenthave been distributed in various bureaus in theseveral departments of government, a manifestlyuneconomic procedure. and,

UStudents, not candidates for the degree of Doctorof Medicine, but who desire to take certain courseswhich may be helpful in their special work otherthan the direct practice of medicine, may, underproper restrictionsz be admittedm special students.Such students, sho~d they later desire to take theregular medical course, may be granted subject cre­dit but not time credit. That is, they may begranted subject credit for courses satisfactorilycompleted, but they must be required to take otherwork equal in hours to the courses in which creditl'laS granted.

ltBecause of the increase in the number of juniorcolleges and the introduction of the Jremedicalcourses into colleges of pharmacy, the Co~~cil

calls attention of the colleges, members of theAssociation, to the present published requirementwhich states that the premedical work shall be'sixty semester hours of collegiate work in a col­lege approved by a recognized accrediting agency."

the Congress of the United States has now beforeits legislation creating a Department ~ Educa­tion, Health and W~are, which shall collect allexisting Federal health agencies in a sympatheticdepartment,

That the Association of American Medical Collegesapproves in principle of the creation of a FederalDepartment of Education, Health and Welfare, witha secretary in the cabinet, and with the coordina­tion therein of proper public health activities ofthe Federal government.

Whereas,

Be it Resolved,

Whereas,

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No resolutions came out of this meeting •

No resolutions came out of this meeting.

\,

That the Association of American Medical Colleges re­cognizes the need of better facilities for the edu­cation of negro physicians and nurses; that the at­tention of philanthropic citizens and foundations isdirected to the opportunities 'afforded in the fieldof negro medical education; and that we particular­ly call attention to the excellent work beL~g doneagainst great odds at Howard University MedicalSchool and'the Meharry Medical School and to themany needs of these institutions for buidings, hos­pital facilities, equipment and endowment.

October 25 - 26. 1926

Motion carried that The Executive Council be empowered to permit anyconstituent member of the Association to take freeinitiative in conducting educational experimentsalong the lines suggested by the Commission on Medi­cal Education. The Executive Council shall notcontrol what the schoo~do but give assurance thatany changes that certain schools may make in pro­cedures of education will be of acceptable quality.A similar representation will also be made to thestate licensing boards asking that such schools benot penalized by the boards or their graduatesprevented from seeking licensure.

education abreast of that in medical education.This is the only organization that representsthe medical schools and is, therefore, the onlymeans open to the colleges to gain official in­formation on this subject.

.-October 24-25-26. 1927

October 26. 27, 28. 1925

March 5. 6 and 7. 1925

October 29-30-31. 1928

No resolutions came out of this meeting.

Resolved,

20

Following recommendations were adopted:

November 30, December land 2, 1931

That the Association of American Medi~al Collegescordially e~dorse the stand on medical educationtaken by the Federation of State Licensing Boards.

period for which the Commission on Medical Educa­tion was organized having elapsed, the ZxecutiveCouncil feels that it can no longer recommendto the schools in membership in the Associationa continuance of their financial support to theCommission.

That the Association record its sense of the im­portance of the study and of the value of aptitudetests in relation to the selection of students formedical schools.

That the Association recommend the use of aptitudetests as one additional criterion for selectingmedial students, suggesting that as long as thework of this committee is/continued the individualcolleges make the Association of American MedicalCollege~ aptitude test a normal requirement exceptwhen specifically excused by the admission officersof the college.

That next year the tests be given the same day inall the premedical schools in the United Statesand a distribution showing the standing of+all theapplicants together with the names and scores ofthe individuals applying to each school be sent tothe dean of the medical school concerned.

That $1.00 be charged each applicant to cover theexpenses of this service of the Committee {Com­mittee on Aptitude Test}.

graduates ~n pharmacy are applying for matriculationin schools of medicine; and

certain schools of pharmacy advertise their coursesas superior preparation for the study of medicine;and

admission committees in not a few schools of medi-

November 7-8-9, 1929

Adopted-that the

October 14-15-16. 1930

Resolved,

1,

3,

Whereas,

Whereas,

Whereas,

Resolved,

21

cine grant no premedical credit whatever tograduates in pharmacy, while some medicalschools grant as much as 50 and 51 hours ofpremedical credit to graduates in pharmacy;therefore, be it

That we express our conviction that pharmacydoes not constitute a preparation for the studyof medicine; and be it further

Resolved, That pharmacy school graduates applying formatriculation in medicine may not be grantedpremedical credit except with the approval ofthe Executive Council, to which body the cre­dentials of the applicant shall be submittedfor evaluation.

Motion regularly seconded and carriedthat in all cases of transfer the school~cept­

ing the student by transfer shall require twocopies of the student's record, one copy tobe sent to the office·of the Council with theevaluation of the accepting school for approvaland for filing.

November 13 - 16, 1932

Motion carried

Motion carried

Whereas,

Whereas,

Whereas,

That premedical courses given in or by professionalschools or advance years taken in high schoolwill not be considered acceptable unless the !student's credentials have been accepted by an /accredited college of arts and sciences, asmeeting a part of its requirements for a degreeo

That in no case shall a member college be visitedexcept by order of the Executive Council.

the Association of American Medical Colleges isinterested in maintaining a uniformly high stan­dard of education for the practice of medicine;and

the achievements of graduates of foreign medialschools in the various state medical licensingexaminations during the past ten years have beenappreciably lower than the achievements of graduatesof acceptable American and Canadian medical schools;and

an increasingly large number of American studentswho have been refused admission to acceptablemedical schools in the United States are studying

February 12, 1933

22

That credit should only be given for work done ina medical school, and that time credit can be givenonly if the medical school of the university ofwhich the dental school is a part gives suchcredit.

medicine in foreign medical schools in the expec­tation of returning to the United States to prac­tice; therefore be it

that it is the sense of the Association of Ameri-can Medical Colleges that the indiscriminate licens­ing of both foreign-born and American-born graduatesof such foreign medical schools will result in lower­ing the quality of medical service in the UnitedStates; and be it further

that it is the sense of the Association of Ameri­can Medical Colleges that a prompt investigationof foreign medical education, particularly in re­ference to licensure in the vaDbus states, is im­perative and that this Association bring to theattention of the various bodies charged with theresponsibility of licensing physicians to practicethroughout the United States the necessity forprompt and thorough investigation of this problem;and be it further

That a copy of these resolutions be sent to theCouncil on Medical Education and Hospitals of theAmerican Medical Association, to the Federationof State Medical Boards of the United States, tothe Secretary of each State Medical LicensingBoard and to the National Board of Medical 1xaminers.

That inspection of collegcis applying for membershipin the Association be made only on authorizationof the Council, and that an account of the expensesof such inspection be rendered by the Association,the inspector to be reimbursed, if the money ex­pended was advanced by him. Thus the transactionwould become a matter of record.

urn the case of American or European medical stu-dents matriculating on or after March 1, 1933, a courseof study in a ~uropean medical school will not beaccepted as m&eting the professional requirementfor admission to the New York medical licensingexamination if~he applicant has not:

Resolved,

Resolved,

Voted

Resolved,

Voted

Approval voted:

ao~

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23

tI(a) Had, prior to beginning the first year ofmedical study, the preliminary general educationrequired by the rules of the New York State Edu­cation Department; and

It(b) Graduated from a European medical schoolafter the completion of Dot less than four satis­factory courses of not less than eight monthseach, including the passing of the examinationand the completion of the internship leading toand requisite for the license to practice medi­cine in the country where such medical schoolis located.

"Students not meeting this requirement must ob­tain a medical degree from a registered medicalschool in the United States or Canada.

tlIn the case of American or European medicalstudents matriculating prior to March 1, 1933,a course of study in a ~uropean medical schoolwill not be accepted as meeting the professionalrequirement for admission to the New York medicallicensing examination if the applicant has not:

tI (a) Had, prior to beginning the first year ofm~dical study, the preliminary general educationrequired by the rules of the New York State Edu­cation Department; and

U{b) Graduated from a European Medical schoolafter the completion of not less than four coursesof not less than eight months each satisfactoryto the New York State Education Department."

October 30 and 31 and November 1, !211

Recommendation that Executive Council have authority, or authori­zation, to invit0 representatives of the Cou~cil

on Medical Education of the American MedicalAssociation, the Federation of State MedicalBoards, institutions preparing students for en­trance to medical school, and such other nationalorganizations as it may seem desirable to inviteto the meetings of the Council, to discuss mat­ters of mutual interest, to the end that bettercoordination of efforts may be~tained.

October 29, 30 and 31. 1934

Motior. was duly seconded and carried that no officer of the Asso­ciation shall render any services as a privateindividual similar to those which are involvedin his duties as an officer of the Association,or which might be construed as being officialin character, except by consent of the Council.

Motion seconded and carried that the Executive Council suggestthat it would be desirable that as much emphasisbe placed by the two year schools on trainingin physical diagnosis and clinical microscopyas is done by the schools accepting their studentsfor advanced standing.

24

seconded and carried that any medical school applyingfor membership in the future submit data or. itsfinancial resources, budget, teaching facilities,list of the faculty and name and qualifications ofeach student admitted, and that this informationbe submitted to the Council ••

Motion duly

No resolutions cam out of this meeting.

October 28, 22 and 30, 1935

ao<.l:11::(1)

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Moved, seconded

That the secretary be instructed to advise theCouncil on Medical Education and Hospitals ofthe American Medical Association that theAssociation of American M3dical Colleges requeststhe Council to reconsider its action upon the two­year medical schools and to classify such schoolsindividually on their respective merits.

a~·,d carriedThat the attention of the Council on Medical Edu­cation and Hospitals, be called to the fact thatthis Association is prepared to supply from itsheadquarters all information it may want, and thatif any information wanted is not now available,the Association will gladly secure it. Such acourse of action will relieve the Colleges of muchextra work 'without curtailing the activities ofthe Council on Madical Education and Hospitals.

25

October 26, 27 and 28, 1936

Adopted unanimously That the honorary degree of tlM.D." shall notb~ conferred by any medical school or. collegein memb~rship in the Association.

That if the Council OIl Medical Education andHo~tals of the Amarican Medical Associationintends to make a study of the two-year schoolsof medicine, this Association be apprised ofthe fact inasmuch as it desires to participatein such study.

That the president of this Association consultwith the Council on Medical ~ducation and Hos­pital~ of the American Medical Association, theAdvisory Board for M'~dical Specialties, the Ameri­can Hospital Association and the Federation ofState Medical Boards on the feasibility of ajoint effort in dealing with the major educationalproblems associated with the activities of eachof the groups named.

Resolved,

Resolved,

October 24. 26 and 27. 193-Z

Approved that the Association of American Medical Colleges co­operate in the comprehensive survey of the faci­lities for graduate medical education in theUnited States undertaken by the Council on Medi­cal Education and Hospitals of the AmericanMedical Association.

Moved, seconded

Resolution

and carriedThat inspection of member colleges be resumed onauthorization of the ~xecutive Council at theAssociation's exp~nse; that applications for in­spection be.madt by the college; other inspec­tions to be made on order of the Council asauthorized by the constitution and by-laws.

"In many instances, graduates who desire to s~rve

an internship and/or who desire to obtain graduatemedical education in a stat other than the onein which undergraduate medical education was re­ceived, are penalized by the regulations made bystate medical examining and licensing boards.In the interest of graduate_medical education,particularly study in the various s~ialties in

26

October 23 to 26. 1938

Motion, duly seconded, and carriedthat the Executive Council establish the essentialeducational requirements of a satisfactory hos­pital internship, and that at the earliest possi­ble moment there be prepared a list of hospitalsfulfilling these requirements.

"medicine, the Association of American Med±alColleges urge examining and licensings boardsto provide methods whereby such graduates, dur­ing a limited period of graduate work, may carryon without being handicapped by board regulationswhich make mch work difficult, embarassing and,at times, impossible."

and carriedthat any member college which desires an inspec­tion will be visited if such college make appli­cation to the Executive Council. The cost ofthe inspection is to be borne by the Association.

and carriedthat the Association endorse the formation of aNational Council on Medical Education, Licensureand Hospitals.

Moved, seconded

Motion, duly seconded, and carriedthat the Executive Council be empowered to com­municate with the American Public Health Asso­ciation and with the Association of AmericanUniversities, urging the simplication and unifi­cation of academic degrees which are now offered inpublic health, and further, that the ExecutiveCouncil communicate to the above mentioned asso­ciations our belief that the degree of Doctorof Public Health be granted only to candidates whohave received the degree of Doctor of Medicine.

Moved, secondedao

r.1::1

1::(1)

a8oQ

Moved, seconded and carriedthat the time of holding the aptitude test be leftto the decision~of the Committee on Aptitude Test,

Moved, seconded and carriedthat hereafter the Committee on Aptitude Test holdonly one test yearly at such time as it finds tobe most advantageous, but that tests given for ex­perimental purposes will be permitted.

27

the president and the secretary of the Association,with full power to act.

October 23 - 26, 1939

Recommendation approvedthat the Association assume responsibility forthe approval of internships at an adequate edu­cational level and that the Executive Council beauthorized to proceed with the formulation ofminimum educational standards of an acceptableinternship and to prepare a l~t of hospitalsmeeting these standards.

Recommendation ~provedthat the admission (to United States medicalschools) of Americans unable to return to studyof medicine in European medical~hools is amatter to be deided by the individual medicalcolleges in this country to which they may apply,and that such applicants be considered on theirindividual merits and by complying with the rulesof the college governing the admission of stu­dents without precedent or prejudice.

Recommendation approvedthat the National Board (of Medical Examiners) beasked to conduct an examination correspondhg toPart I, if it" can be arranged as a special examina­tion.

It is the sense of this meeting that the training and experience inthe medical sciences in the extramural medicalschools of Scotland do not meet the standardsmaintained by the colleges in membership in thisAssociation.

October 2$, 29 and 30, 1940

Interstate Endorsement:Believing that the public interest as well asthat of the medical profession and of the medi­cal education would be served by a satisfactorymethod of interstate endorsement of licensure,the Advisory Council on Medical Education re­commends to the Federation of State Medical Boardsthat all state licensing boards endorse withoutfurther examination the licensure of an applicant

28

previously obtained by an examination in anotherstate whose standards of education and examinationare not lower than their own, provided that theapplicant is a graduate of a medical school in theUnited States and its possessions which at thetime of his graduation was on the list of approvedmedical schools.

Resolution In keeping with the request of the £ederal authori­ties, the Executive Council recommends that allactivities connected with efforts at medical pre­paredness on the part of the medical colleges berouted through the headquarters of the Associationof American Medical Colleges as a central agency.

Resolution that there be appointed by the Executive Councilof the Association of American Medical Colleges aCommittee on Medical CoIege Preparedness, whichshall coordinate and cooperate with this Committeeof the American Medical Association and any otherorganizations interested, and which shall repre­sent the Association of American Medical Collegesbefore all departments of the Government concernedwith preparedness affecting the medical students andmedical school faculties.

Motion carried and resolutions adoptedit is the opinion of the Association of AmericanMedical Colleges that the number of medical studentsshould not be increased, on the basis of informa­tion at hand. At the present time, there are twiceas many physicians per unit of population in thiscountry as in any other country in the world, andit is our opinion that the present output of medi­cal schools is sufficient to maintain a proper re­lation between number of physicians and populationand to meet the medical needs of the armed forces.

It is the opinion of the Associationof AmericanMedical Colleges that, as far as possible, researchactivities sponsored, supported or requested bythe Federal Government should be continued in medi­cal colleges and research institutes, where thefailities, personnel and environment are conduciveto the continuance without interruption of researchactivities by such personnel.

It is the opinion of the Association of AmericanMedical Colleges that the medical course should notbe abbreviated, inasmuch as a shortening of thecourse in order to speed up the output of the medi-

ao<.l:11::(1)

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cal schools cannot be carried out without im­pairment of the present standards of medicaleducation in this country.

"Recognizing the widening public cultural andeducational interests of medicine, the Associationof American Medical Colleges, accepting the re­commendation of the Advisory Council on MedicalEducation, advises its member institutions andthe colleges sending students to schools of medi­cine, t hat, conformably to the By-Laws of thisAssociation, the collegiate preparation of medi-cal students above the necessary prerequisites tothe medical curriculum in biology, chemistry andphysics, as defined by each medical school, thefurther development of prospective medical studentsbe directed by the same viewpoints as guide thedevelopment of any other collegiate student. Theintent of the suggestion is to promote the generaleducation of the medical student, rather than hiseducation along a specific or a preprofessbnal direc­tive.

"The Shaffer and Schwitalla amendment or codicilis:

"It is believed that the earnest cultivation of thestudent's individual, intellectual aptitudes andinterest is better preparation for the professionof medicine than is the enforced study of speci­fic subjects in order to met scholastic require­ments for admission to the med~al school."

It was consensus of the Council that in the best interest of medicalpreparedness, medical students should be permittedto complete their studies and essential members ofthe teaching faculty should be retained in theirpositions.

Voted unanimously that the college preparation for medical studiesabove the necessary grasp of the fundamental prin­ciples of biology, physics and chemistry should bedevoted to general eduation rather than additionalforms of professional education.

30

October 27. 28. 29. 1941

Resolutions adopted at May 1941 Executive Council meeting werepassed as follows:

The Executive Council recommends that thoseschools which can do so without lowering stan­dards of medical education increase the enroll­ment of the 1941 entering class by 10 per centin order to help meet the medical needs of thepresent national emergency.

ao~

Resolved,

The Executive Council recommends that the Asso­ciation make a study of the need for and possi­bility of revising the schedule of instructionin medical colleges with a view to acceleratingthe output of graduates during the nationalemergency without any lowering of standards ofmedical education.

That the Chairman of eam of the eight regionalSUbcommittees, in consultation with the deans ofthe medical schools of his area, proceed at onceto prepare for his region a list of hospitals orhospital services which they regard as satisfac­tory for intern education and for which they arewilling to recommend fourth year students; thatthese hospitals be designated as A, B or C in theorder of preference as services or institutionsfor intern education; that the lists so compiledbe forwarded as promptly as possible to theGeneral Chairman of the Committee, and that themaster list so assembled be forwarded by theChairman to the dean of every medical school inthe Association for his personal use in advisingstudents regarding internships, and that thislist and these qualifications so prepared be re­vised annually.

Inasmuch as the internship is universally regardedas a part of the basic preparation for the prac­tice of medicine, the Association of American Medi­cal Colleges recommends to the Federation of StateMedical Boards that an internship of not lessthan twelve months and of satisfactory educationalcontent be,required for admission to the statelicensing board examinations in all state••

October 26. 27. 28, 1942

The Executive Council recommends approval of theappointment of--a Liaison Committee consisting ofthree members of the Association to meet with

31

three members of the Council on Medical Educationand Hospitals of the American Medical Associationfor discussion of matters of mutual interest, withthe understanding that such approval does not inany way restrain the independence of action of theAssociation relative to standards of medical edu­cation, the selection of studerto, the methods ofinstruction or other features of medical educationwhich are the responsibility of the Associationand its constituent members.

It is recommended tat the lists of internships pre­pared for the information ofthe Deans be submittedto the regional chairmen for revision and then beforwarded by the Secretary to the Deans of membercolleges for their use. These lists to be con­fidential and not for publication.

Graduate fellowships for physicians of Latin andSouth America countries. The Executive Councillooks with favor on the policy of providing gra­duate fellowships in medicine for qualified prac­titioners of medicine from these countries.

No resolutions came out of this meeting.

October 23 and 24. 1243

October 23, 24. 25, 1944

It is moved that the Association of American Medi­cal Colleges make an effort to secure a pool ofused microscopes in sufficient number to providethe needs of _ medical students in the variousmedical schools.

that in considering civilian students, includingveterans, for admission to medical schools, themembers of the Association be no longer guided bythe minimum requirements for admission of thisAssociation which were recommended at the meetingheld in Louisville in 1942, as a contribution to

That no information be supplied nor any recommen­dations be made to any hospital regarding thequalifications of medical students for internshipappointments until after the completion of thethird year of medical school instruction.

Resolved,

Resolved,

October 29. 30 and 31. 1945

Recommendation

32

the urgent need of medical officers for the mili­tary services and physicians for the. country, andfurther, that the members reestablish their prewaradmission requirements as rapidly as possible.

When an approved medical school wishes to consideran application from a student presenting creden­tials from a foreign university for admission withor without advanced standing, the following beadopted as a uniform procedure:

(a) That only credentials sent directly from theforeign school to the American smool be considered.

(b) Tm t the applicant meet the admission require­ments of the school to which he is ~lying and thathis credentials be evaluated, preferably by examina­tion, by the University Examiner of Credits or by theusual agency of the medical school.

(c) That medical school subjects be evaluated, pre­ferably by examination, by professors who teachthose subjects in the medical school to determinethe competency of the applicant in those fields.

(d) That not more than two years of medical cre­dit be allowed for work done in a foreign school.

(e) That the candidate be advised that meetingthese requirements and graduation is no assurancethat he will be eligible for licensure in theUnited States.

(f) That applicants from a foreign university foradmission to the freshman class be requested totake one year of premedical work in an approvedAmerican college of liberal arts before being givenconsideration for the study of medicine.

The Association approved the Executive Council re­commendation that credit given by the Armed ForcesInstitute and accepted for credit toward a degreeby an approved college of liberal arts be ac­cepted by medical schools as elective subjects butin no sense. shall they replace the required coursesin the laboratory sciences.

The Association approved the Executive Council recom­mendation that it be the sense of the 'Associationthat veterans applying for review or refresher cO\rses,primarily of a didactic, and demonstration nature, may

33

October 28, 29 and 30, 1946

The Association approved the Executive Council re­commendation that a committee on pUblic relationsbe set up supported financially by medical schoolsand various groups and organizations.

The hospital residency is generally recognizedto be an essential educational experience inthe various special fields of medicine, and

The hospital residency is required by the seve­ral specialty boards as prerequisite for admissionto examinations by those boards.

That the Association of American Medical Collegesrequests the Federation of State Medical Boardsto effect such changes in their respectivestate laws or regulations as will permit graduatesin medicine to pursue such educational opportuni­ties as are approved by the specialty boards, theCouncil on Medical Education and Hospitals of theAmerican Medical Association, and their respectiveBoards without formal licensure to practice medi­cine during this period of training.

This Association expresses its endorsement offederal support of medical research along theline of or in accordance with the general prin­ciples s~t forth in the Bush report.

Be it Resolved,

Whereas,

Whereas,

be accepted by member institutions in accordancewith their own rules and regulations.

The Associationof American Medical Colleges inExecutive Session in 1945 unanimously endorsed theplan for the medical care of Veterans, under acooperative program with the medical schools, and

The experience of the past year has demonstratedthe high standards of such a program,

Be it Therefore Resolved, That the Association of American MedicalColleges-' highly commends the Veterans' Adminis­tration upon the progress made under the ableadministration of General Bradley and GeneralHawley and reaffirms the support toward the con­tinuation of the present program and high stan­dards of administration.

Whereas,

Whereas,ao<.l:11::(1)

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October 27. 28 and 29. 1947

November 8, 9 and 10, 1948

No resantions came out of this meeting.

Resolution adopted unanimouslythat the.United States Army, the United StatesNavy, the.Veteans t Administration, the UnitedState Public Health Service, and the UnitedS~atesAir Force be invited to present such plansa~ affect medical education at any level to theExecutive Council for· discussion.

34

The problem of medical education in wartime is in­extricably interwoven with the problems of civilianand military medical care ~d the Tables of Organi­zation of the armed forces.

Representatives of the Army, the Navy, the VeteransPhysicians, the American Medical Association and theAssociation of American Medical Colleges have allbeen surveying their experiences in World War II,~d

That the Association of American Medical Collegesinvite each of the above named interested groupsto select representatives to form a liaison com­mittee which will study and report on the problemof medical education and medical care in wartimeand will attempt the formulation of a plan for usein case of a future war emergency.

That it is the feeling of the Association ofAmeric~ Medical Colleges that the organizationof affiliated reserve hospital units would befacilitated by the appointment of only ~~e chiefsof the Services at this time, leaving the appoint­ment of other officers until such time as theunit may be called into active service.

~fuereasJ

Be it Resolved,

In order to have these discussions become part ofthe official records, it is desired that thechiefs of these various Services be invited to ap­point liaison officers who will attend the meet­ings of the Executive Council and of the Associa­tion of American Medical Colleges for the purposeof establishing closer contacts.

Whe:eas,

Resolved,

November 7, 8 and 9, 1949

Resolution

2-3-50---lfc

35

It has been the policy of the Association of Ameri­can Medical Colleges for many years to disapprovethe practice of a teacher holding teachi~~ appoint­ments in two or more medical colleges at the sametime. This policy was established in order toprevent a teacher from diluting his efforts tosuch an extent as to be ineffective. It shouldbe understood, however, that this is merely ageneral policy and should not be used to discourageteachers with unusual ability from accepting dualappointments where such ~pointments would bemutually advantageous.

RESOLUTIONS FROM THE A.A.M.C. PROCEEDINGS, 1949-1955

October 20 and 21, 1950

Resolved,

The following resolu­tion was submitted:

Resolved,

Under the pressure of the nationalemergency and in the face of the greatfinancial need of medical education theAssociation finds it necessary to empowerits duly elected Executive Council to actfor the Association in all matterspertaining to financial aid to medicaleducation.

It is the sense of the Association ofAmerican Medical Colleges that in workingwith the American Medical Association onproblems pertaining to financial aid tomedical education the approach be channeledthrough the Council on Medical Educationand Hospitals.

The officers and directors of the NationalFund for Medical Education are urged bythis Association to provide as rapidly aspossible suitable publicity regarding thepurposes and work of that National Fund.

Resolved that the Association of AmericanMedical Colleges is opposed to the principleof restrictive internship requirements as aprerequisite to state licensure, and approvesthe appointment of a committee to study thisproblem in cooperation with the Federationof State Medical Boards of the United Statesof America.

The Executive Council of the Association ofAmerican Medical Colleges has considered withconcern the increased need for physiciansoccasioned by the requirements of the ArmedForces.

It is our earnest hope that in consideringthe economical emploYment of medical manpowerand hospital facilities the Department ofDefense give careful consideration to thefullest utilization of non-military federalhospitals.

The Executive Council of the Association ofAmerican Medical Colleges expresses the hopethat, pending the development of a plan bythe National Security Resources Board and theSelective Service System for judging theavailability or essentiality of medical facultygraduate students and hospital residents, that'

The following resolu­tiop was submitted:

October 30, 1951

Resolved,

- 2 -

the Department of Defense take immediatesteps toward setting up machinery for theevaluation of local needs so that in thecurrent process of calling up physicians inpriority one, serious stripping of individualhospital and medical school departments willbe avoided.

It is recommended that a resolution bepresented to the Association for adoption,that a liaison committee be established inthe Association to coordinate developmentsin pre-paid medical care plans in theirpossible relation to medical education.

The concern of many of the deans andfaculties of medical schools havingrelationship with Veterans Administrationhospitals, has been expressed in thediscussions of various committees and groupsof this meeting.

Medical care for the veterans is unsurpassedjwe must keep it that way. The present highquality of this medical care is the result ofthe cooperation of the respective Dean'sCommittees and the faculties of the medicalschools. First, the hospitals have been sowell staffed that the professional work hasbeen exceptionally high quality. Second,the resident training program in thesehospitals has been so good that increasingnumbers of competent young doctors havewished for postgraduate training in theseinstitutions.

We believe that this combination of expertprofessional care and high-type residencytraining has made the service of the VAhospitals so desirable and so popular thatincreasing number of veterans have wishedto be cared for in them. We know, of course,Dean's Committees and their faculties feel

strongly that the very best of medical careshould be prOVided for veterans in accordancewith the laws that have been enacted byCongress. On the other hand, we also believethat the use of VA facilities for veteranswith non-service-connected illnesses anddisabilities who are, by any reasonabledefinition, able to pay for adequate medicalcare shOUld not be permitted. The use of

Resolved,

Whereas,

Whereas,

Herein Be It Resolved,

Resolved,

- 3 -

veteran facilities in such manner webelieve to be great at the present time,and growing. As a consequence of this itwill become overwhelming and will threaten todestroy the high quality of medical care thatDean's Committees and their faculties havemade possible for veterans.

This Association calls this matter to theattention of the various Dean'S Committeeswith the suggestion that they give theirearnest consideration to this threat tothe continued provision of high qualitymedical care and the related educationalprogram. This Association recommends tothe Dean's Committees and their faculties thatthey make an investigation of this situationand take appropriate action designed tocorrect it, thus insuring for needy veterans thebest possible care. They deserve no less.

The Association of American Medical Collegeswishes to express its appreciation for thefine hospitality prOVided by the French LickSprings Hotel and its staff at its 62ndAnnual Meeting, October 29-31, 1951.

Dr. Arthur C. Bachmeyer is a medical educatorand administrator of national and inter­national note, and

he has served the Association of AmericanMedical Colleges ably and devotedly since1925 -- notably as a member of the ExecutiveCouncil in 1932-33, Treasurer from 1935 to1949, President-Elect 1949-50, President 1950­51, and throughout this period as a valuablemember of inumerable committees and as arepresentative of the Association at countlessconferences and meetings.

that the Association of American Colleges inassembly at French Lick, Indiana this 31stday of October, 1951, directs that anexpression of deep appreciation be enteredat the records of its transactions.

An ad hoc committee consisting of Drs. Berry,Dorst, Long, Stalnaker, and Smiley wasappointed to develop- plans for a series ofTeaching Institutes sponsored by theAssociation.

An ad hoc committee consisting of Drs. Darley,

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November 11, 1952

Resolved,

Whereas,

Whereas,

Be it therefore resolved

Resolved,

- 4 -

Lippard, and Turner was appointed to studythe long-range functions of the Association.

Dr. Joseph C. Hinsey was appointedrepresentative of the Association to attendthe inauguration of Harlan Henthorne Hatcheras Eighth President of the University ofMichigan November 27th, 1951.

The decision was made not to change the titleof the Director of Studies. The presenttitle was considered to carry more dignityand to be more descriptive of the functionsperformed than would the suggested title.

The recommendation of the Committee on PublicInformation that a public information officerbe procured for the Association was voteddown after careful consideration.

Membership to various Association committeesand representatives to related organizations for1951-52 were named. (A complete list ofthese appointments will be distributed afterconfirmation has been received from theappointees.)

The continuation of a high quality of medicaleducation is, at all times, but particularlyduring the present emergency, in the nationalinterest, and

a high quality of medical education is direct­ly dependent on an adequate and superiorfaculty in each school, and

the present laws, regulations, and proceduresof the "medical draft act ll have been in­adequate to meet many situations that have·arisen,

that the Association of American MedicalColleges requests the National AdvisoryCommittee to Selective Service to establish acontinuing procedure wherein those mostvitally concerned with medical education mayadvise on desirable revision of presentprocedures and on the content of any new lawsfor the drafting of physicians.

An experimental program to integrate theteaching of subjects of importance to militarymedicine and civilian defense has been under­taken in five medical schools in cooperation

ao<.l:11::(1)

a8o

Q

Whereas,

Whereas,

,Be it therefore resolved

October 28, 1953

Resolved,

Whereas,

Whereas,

Whereas,

Whereas,

- 5 -

with governmental agencies, and

the initial reports on the program from bothstudents and faculty have been most favorable,and

it is desirable in the interests of nationaldefense to continue and possibly to expand thisprogram,

that the Association of American MedicalColleges endorses this experimental approachto preparing medical students in this importantarea of medical service and care, andrecommends that continuing support be givento the program.

Resolved that the Director of the SelectiveService System, the Chairman of the NationalAdvisory Committee of the Selective ServiceSystem and the Secretary of the Departmentof Defense be urged to develop a programwhereby the deferment or postponement of, andand calling of faculty members, and residentsinto military service be arranged to corres­pond, whenever possible, to the normalacademic and residency years.

the operation of p. L. 779 has causedunnecessary distrubance in faculties inmedical schools, and

the local and state Advisory Committees arenot necessarily composed of indiVidualscompetent through experience to adVise onfaculty members, be it hereby

Resolved that the Chairman of the StateAdvisory Committee in each state in which amedical school is located be urged to set upan advisory committee to him composed of .deans or representatives of each of the medicalschools in the state.

The MEND Committee concludes after its reviewof the first year of operation of the programin the five pilot schools that:

·there is a well-defined and recognized needfor modifications of medical curricula tomake medical graduates better able to copewith medical problems encountered in disasterand war,

the underlying philosophy of the MEND pilot

ao<.l:11::(1)

a8o

Q

Whereas, .

Whereas,

Whereas,

Whereas,

Whereas,

Be it Resolved,

Be it further ResolvedJ

October 19, 1954

Resolved,

- 6 -

programs is consistent with sound concepts ofmedical education,

the acceptance by the faculties and the studentbodies in the pilot schools after one year ofoperation of the MEND program has beenremarkably good,

representatives of the armed forces, theUnited States Public Health Service and theCivil Defense organization have likewise beenfavorably impressed with the progress made bythe MEND program,

it is apparent that this progress would nothave been possible without the financialsupport which enabled the schools to engagea program coordinator and to defray necessarytraveling expenses,

the value of close cooperation among therepresentatives of the armed forces and theopportunity for the coordinators from theseveral schools to exchange ideas with eachother and with the representatives of thegovernmental agencies has been amplydemonstrated, and

the folloWing have been major elements in thesuccess of the MEND program thus far: (a)close coordination amon~ the various branchesof the armed forces, (b) the cooperation ofthe federal agencies with the individualschools, (c) the opportunity afforded faCUltymembers for travel, (d) availability ofteaching aids such as films, special militaryreports and technical manuals,

therefore that the Association of AmericanMedical Colleges strongly recommends that theMEND program be continued in the five schoolsin which it has already been initiated, and

that the program be made available to allmedical schools on a voluntary basis asrapidly as possible.

Aware of the rapidly broadening functionsand ever more significant role of Medicinein American life, those charged with thetrust of dispensing funds for the benefit ofmankind, whether they be private funds orpUblic, have realized the increasing partbeing played by the Association in nurturing

Whereas,

7 -

the activities of the medical schools ofthe United States and Canada. It is at thewell spring - the medical school - thatstrength and growth are constantly neededto provide for the Nation the leaders oftomorrow in medicine and health. Medicaleducation is fundamental.

The John and Mary R. Markle Foundation duringthis year, as in other years, has made asubstantial grant for the support of SpecialStudies and for the development of the Journalof MEDICAL EDUCATION. This Foundation hasalso committed funds for the next fiscalyear.

The China Medical Board this year, as inpast years, has made a substantial grant forthe general support of the activities of theAssociation.

The National Heart Institute has this yearsupported the first Teaching Institute, thesecond Teaching Institute, and is anticipatingthe assumption of partial support of futureTeaching Institutes.

The National Cancer Institute has this yearmade a substantial contribution to help infinancing the work of the second TeachingInstitute.

The Commonwealth Fund has made a substantialcontribution for 1954-55 and for 1955-56,to be used in part for the support of the nexttwo Teaching Institutes and in part for thegeneral support of the Special Studies ofthe Association.

ao<.l:1 Be it therefore resolved, that the Association of American Medical

Colleges record its appreciation and thanksfor this Vital help, making possible many ofits contributions to our medical schools andto our Nation,

that this resolution be spread upon theofficial records of the Association, and

that this resolution of appreciation and'thanks be suitably conveyed by the Secretaryto the proper officials of the John and MaryR. Markle Foundation, the China MedicalBoard, the National Heart Institute, theNational Cancer Institute and the CommonwealthFund.

ao<.l:1

,Resolved,

- 8 -

That the membership of the Association ofAmerican Medical Colleges approves thefollowing admission procedures:

1. No place in the freshman class shall beoffered to an applicant more than one yearbefore the actual start of instruction forthat class.

2. FolloWing the receipt of an offer ~fa

place in the freshman class, a student shallbe allowed at least two weeks in which tomake a written reply to the medical school.

3. Prior to January 15, this written replymay be either a declaration of intent or aformal acceptance of the place offered. Whenthe applicant has declared his continuedinterest within the two-week period, themedical school agrees to hold a place for himuntil January 15, unless he indicates that hehas been accepted elsewhere and withdrawshis application. He may, of course, and oftenwill, enter into formal arrangements with theone medical school of his choice beforeJanuary 15. Because of the wide variationin the acceptance dates of different medicalschools J some students will wish to changetheir minds after filing a declaration ofintent and it is understood that nothingunethical is implied when a student does sochange his mind. In such an event, thestudent' is obligated to send prompt writtennotification to every school holding a placefor him.

The payment of a non-refundable deposit shallnot be required of any applicant prior toJanuary 15.

When a student files' a declaration of intent,a refundable deposit - not to exceed $100 ­may be required at the discretion of theschool granting the acceptance. Suchdeposits will be refunded without questionupon request made prior to January 15.

The deposit, when reqUired to hold a placein the freshman class after January 15J shallnot exceed $100.

By January 15 each applicant for whom a placein the entering class is being held musteither accept the offer formally and pay anyreqUired non-refundable deposit or withdraw

Resolved,

Resolved,

- 9 -

his application.

Following January 15, an applicant oEEereda place in a Ereshman class must eitherEormally accept or reEuse the place, but heshall have at least two weeks in which todecide. Deposits made aEter January 15 shallbe non-reEundab1e.

To assist the medical schools, the AAMC oEEicewill compile a list of the students who haveEorma11y accepted a place in the freshmanclass. This list will be distributed aboutFebruary 1 and will be kept current byErequent revisions.

The decision was made to hold the nextmeeting oE the Executive Council at thePalmer House in Chicago February 4 and 5,1955.

AEEir.ms the desirability oE sharing medicalscientiEic knowledge with medical scientistsErom other parts of the world, and

Encourages its member colleges to receivesuch international students and scientistsas their resources and regulations permit,and

Encourages its member colleges to shareEaculties and other resources with medicalteaching institutions in underdevlopedcountries through appropriate inter-collegerelationships.

Februa~y,4, 1955

Resolved,

Resolved,

Resolved,

February 7, 1955

Resolved,

Resolved,

- 10 -

That the by-laws presented to thismeeting be and they hereby are adoptedas the by-laws of the Association ofAmerican Medical Colleges, and that theofficers named in said by-laws as thefirst officers of the Association shallbe and serve as the first officers ofthe Association until the first annualmeeting of members unless their incum­bency of their respective offices shallbe sooner terminated as provided in theby-laws. (See addendum~l )

It was duly resolved that the Secretaryand the Director of Studies should beappropriately bonded, the premium to bepaid by the Association.

The necessary bank resolutions withrespect to the designation and author­ization of depositaries of the Associa-tion1s funds were duly adopted. (See addendum 3

That the by-laws presented to thismeeting be and they hereby are adoptedas the by-laws of the Association orAmerican Medical Colleges, and that theofficers of the Association shall be andserve as the first officers of the Assoc­iation until the first Annual meeting ofmembers unless their incumbency of theirrespective o~~iceBs shall be soonerterminated as provided in the by-laws.

That the medical schools seek an opportunityto develop with the Armed Forces long-range plansto strengthen the health resources of thenation. Only by joint planning can theneeds of the military and of the civilianpopulation be met by medical schools, whichare the well-spring of future physicians.Without adequate teaching staffs, the med-ical schools obviously cannot provide thegood educational opportunity to ins~re aco~tinuous ~low of well trained physicians.

Aware of the seriousness of the presentsituation, the committee questions the Wisdom,and, on the basis of the information avail-able to it, disapproves of extending theDoctor Draft Law, in the conviction that thee~fectiveness of the medical schools andtheir affiliated teaching hospitals is

October 25, 1955Resolved,

page - 11 -

being diminished more and more by theeroding effect of the present operationof the Doctor Draft Law.

Extension of the law and the consequentloss of experienced teachers will seriouslyimpair the ability of the medical schoolsto provide the physicians the nation musthave.

That the president and other officers areauthorized to sign such papers as may berequired by banks recognizing Associationchecks signed by the new treasurer andchairman of the Executive Council, Dr.Stockton Kimball and Dr. Robert Moore,respectively, and such papers as may beneeded to effect a transfer of funds be­cause of the change in the treasurerand chairman of the Executive Council ofthe Association.

The following resolutions were approved forsubmission to the Association on thefollowing morning:

(a) On the retirement of Dr. Anton J. Carlsonfrom the Presidency of the National Societyfor Medical Research.

(b) To the China Medical Board of New York, Inc.and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation for theirgifts to the Association to constructa-Central Office building.

(c) To Northwestern University for its giftof a site for the Association's CentralOffice building.

(d) To John M. Stalnaker in appreciation ofhis contributions to the work of theAssociation over the past six years.

(e) Endorsement of the Department ofDefense Student Program. .