resource lists and e-resources –discovery and management challenges
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Enhancing life-long learning, teaching and research through information resources and services
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Resource lists and e-resources –discovery and management challenges
Dr Richard Cross, Resource Discovery and Innovation Team Manager
Libraries and Learning Resources, Nottingham Trent University
UKSG Conference 2012
Abstract
• In the academic sector the concept of the multi-format resource list is rapidly displacing the notion of largely book-bound, print-bound reading lists. This opening up of the notion of the resource list has, as a result, expanded the pedagogic opportunities for academics and the learning options for students. For libraries charged with running a web-based resource list management system (RLMS) on behalf of a learning institution, the challenges raised by the need to ‘resource the resource lists’ can be profound. This presentation will assess the impact that the introduction of the Talis Aspire RLMS has had on the resource discovery and resource management practices of Libraries and Learning Resources at Nottingham Trent University, with particular focus on electronic serials, e-books and other online resources. The results will be of interest to any academic librarians involved in the selection, acquisition and discovery of electronic resources whose library service is considering the implementation of a resource list solution.
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Agenda
• Resource Lists vs. Reading Lists
• Implementing a Resource List Management System (RLMS) at Nottingham Trent University
• What the adoption of RLMS has meant (staff, students, librarians)
• The ‘library review’ process – resourcing the resource list
• Challenges for the library
• Simple innovations to support library’s work
• Future developments
Nottingham Trent University and the RLMS
• Information Systems Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) Shibboleth
Libraries and Learning Resources Information Resources
Acquisitions Metadata services Document supply and digitisation Technical services
Customer Services Front-line support for students Academic liaison Information literacy Advocacy and promotion
My role in NTU Resource List project…
• Lead Resource Discovery and Innovation Team within Information Resources
• Technical lead for the Resource List project group
• Administrator of NTU’s Talis Aspire Tenancy
• Member of the RLMS management team
• Manage the team responsible for resource list ‘link checking’
• Liaison between LLR and VLE team
• Liaison between LLR and Information Systems (including Shibboleth)
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Resource lists – and the resource list challenge
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What is the difference between a Reading List and Resource List?
Reading List Resource List
• Books• Journal articles
• Books / eBooks• Journal / eJournal articles
• Web sites• Learning materials• Surveys, quizzes and tests• Blogs, wikis, social media• Photos and illustrations• Online video and audio• Statistics and data sets• Search strategy guidance• And more…
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What is the difference between a Reading List and Resource List?
Reading List Resource List
• Lists of materials• Groups chronologically or
thematically• Prescriptive
• Collections, selections, groups, sub-groups, groups-within-groups of materials
• Dynamically sortable and filterable
• Ranking and weighting• Embedded guidance and
pedagogic context• Prescriptive and open &
indicative
Resource lists and information skills at NTU
• Raising information and literacy skills – an increasing priority
• Key aims: facilitate development of the ‘independent learner’; and support ‘directed study’ through access to information resources
• Student feedback reported failings in delivery of ‘direct reading’
“I can’t find the things my lecturer told me to read”
• Existing resource/reading list management was not up to task
“I can’t find a list of things from my lecturer that I ought to read”
How were reading lists being ‘managed’?
• No guarantee to the student: no certainty that course offerings would provide the learner with a reading list; experiences differed
• No consistent ‘format’: not physical format; nor structure; nor extent; nor over reach and range of materials
• No single point of student discovery: some lists were held in the VLE database; some as VLE documents; some as print-only
• No consistent method for library discovery: library sought to acquire as many lists as possible, but only accessed a small percentage (circa 20%, at the very best)
• No rigorous workflow: lists were not seamlessly processed from the academic, through the library service, to the student
• No fully supportive policy framework: to underpin service
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Adopting Talis Aspire
New Resource List solution had to deliver
• For students….– Consistent, good quality Resource Lists with (much) improved availability– Clearer guidance on different types of material (Core, Recommended, etc.)– Simple access to the lists (primarily through the learning space in the VLE)
• For academic staff…– Easy population of lists from the library discovery systems and other sources– Required resources ‘on shelves’ (actual, virtual) quicker, with less effort– Fewer complaints from students!
• For library staff…– Resource acquisition with a proven correlation to learning and teaching need– Support for real-world library workflows (without being prescriptive or fixed) – Fewer complaints from students!
Resource List Management System project
• Project team set up, with full backing of the university, to implement a RLMS; beginning with a procurement process
• Selected the Aspire product (from Talis) – new generation product, in use at a growing number of UK universities
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Key implementation decisions
• RLMS service: a centralised or devolved resource list environment?
• List creation: a mediated service or direct academic creation?
• Existing data: import legacy data or fresh start?
• Launch: targeted pilot or big bang?
• Library contract: strong and explicit or limited and secondary?
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Key implementation decisions: at NTU
• RLMS service: a centralised resource list environment
• List creation: direct academic creation
• Existing data: import legacy data (where existed) and fresh start (where needed)
• Launch: big bang
• Library contract: strong and explicit
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Implementation plan
• Target live date – September 2010
• Parallel strands to implementation process Deliver technical aspects Securing policy environment Providing training to academics Preparing library to underpin live service
• Went live to students in September 2010!
• Now in second full academic year of RLMS – first list set has been ‘rolled over’ for the new session
Resource lists - students
• Delivering resource lists to students, across disciplines and at all levels;
• Populated, authored and owned by academics;
• Integrated with VLE (1-to-1 match: module to list)
• Materials are validated (metadata and linking) by the library
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Resource lists - academics
• Own, author, populate and revise resource lists
• Benefit from automatic and dynamic association with modules
• Utilise a variety of methods for capturing resources (‘bookmarks’)
• Have access to training and support when-and-where needed
• Recognise ‘contract’ with the library to resource lists
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Resource lists – library service
• Resource list management now central to library activity
• Front facing teams working with academics; supporting students
• Back-of-house teams working with list validation and acquisitions processing
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Take-up and adoption
Prior to implementation of Aspire RLMS
• Library service was aware of <20% of potential reading lists
• Student discovery of list materials was ad-hoc and unmanaged
With the implementation of Aspire RLMS
• Library service now working with >68% of potential resource lists
• Students benefit from managed, integrated, QA-ed discovery
Adoption target: 100%
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Creating and managing resource lists
Populating a resource list with items
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• A JavaScript based web browser plug-in enables metadata to be auto-extracted from online resource records
‘Bookmark’ items online – from the library discovery system,
and elsewhere
Populate lists with items – arrange, organise and annotate
as required
• Academics (or librarians) create lists through a two stage process
Adding citation data to a bookmark library
• Range of citation and reference management applications offer automated or part-automated metadata extraction from electronic resources
• Aspire utilises a range of similar technologies to read-in metadata• Pulling ‘recognisers’ web page code• Reading in OpenURL and COinS data• Leveraging look-ups from CrossRef,
OpenLibrary• Augmenting metadata from local
catalogue sources• Accepting RIS (Research Information
Systems) file loads
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The library discovery system preference
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• A list author begins a search on Amazon, bookmarking an Item…
• Aspire extracts ISBN values from the Amazon record; checks for a match in the LMS; if it finds a match, it sources data from the library system; if not, it pulls data from Open Library
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The Bookmark browser plug-in
Any web location can be Bookmarked:
Extracts page title and URL
• Minimal metadata
• URL may not be persistent or authentication-aware
Web locations configured for the Bookmark plug-in:
Extracts identifiers to perform an additional look-up (LCN, ISBN, DOI)
Returns far richer metadata
Enables more appropriate linking (without need for intervention)
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Resource List – preparing the student view
• Adding and organising items – authoring (direct or mediated)• Item priority status – set by list author• Item annotation – added by list author
Authoring a Resource List – drag-and-drop
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Resource List – Item view (physical stock)
• Item data – extracted from library discovery system record• Library availability – a live holdings look-up• ‘View in library catalogue’ – a LCN deep-link• ‘Other formats/editions’ – a Title/Author search (or alternative)
Resource List – Item view (electronic book)
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• Item data – extracted from library discovery system record• Link – $856 URL presented in Resource List record
Resource List – Item view (journal article)
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• Item data – CrossRef and OpenURL resolver integration• Article/Journal – presents ‘is part of/has part’ elements
Resource List – Item view (YouTube video)
• Embedded object (auto-extracted when bookmarked from YouTube)
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Student access to resource lists
VLE: accounts for 95%+ of access requests
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The ‘library review’ process
The Library Review of Resource Lists
• Academics submit completed resource lists for Library Review
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Meeting the challenges of RLMS support
No single set of ‘correct’ how-to responses
The individual library service’s response depends on…
• The institutional momentum of the RLMS project
• The nature of the library’s contract with academics
• Synergies or conflicts with wider teaching and resourcing strategies
• Library resources: budgetary and staffing
Nature of the contract with academics at Nottingham Trent University
• “The RLMS is the tool which enables you to deliver the university’s expectation over resource list provision”
• “The library will resource the resource lists”
• “The library will operate an e-preference acquisition model by default”
• “The priority status of items matters: directly impacting on provision”
• “To expedite acquisition, simple formulas (matching module numbers against relative priority) will inform purchase decisions”
Contract with academics: challenges
• Lists are visible to students (‘list publication’) independent of ‘library review’
• Commitment to resource the lists is non-conditional (in principle)
• Encouraging consistent good resource list practice (in terms of length, material balance, estimated cost)
• Working with a recognition of resource lead times
• Instances of lecturer reluctance (‘The line of list resistance’)
Review of lists: Academic Liaison
Team
Making resourced lists
available to students
The processing of resource lists under review
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• An opportunity to rethink and refashion existing workflows
• Aim to deliver the most efficient and timely resourcing of lists
• Profound impact on existing ways of working – for all teams involved
The Information Resources workflow
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Link checking
Digitisation
Acquisitions
• Researching e-availability
• One-touch ordering, whenever possible
• Updating the RLMS and LMS in parallel
• Improving quality of descriptive metadata
• Updating electronic links to be persistent
• Ensuring access available from any location
• Processing items marked for digitisation
• Enabling linking through the RLMS
• Supporting delivery through VLE
Acquisitions – challenges
• Promoting RLMS adoption whilst managing expectation
• RLMS support and collection development – balancing the two needs appropriately
• Weighing the benefits of discretion against the gains of automation
• Limits to the availability of materials in electronic format
• Edition vs. format tensions
• Academic interest in out-of-print titles
• Mapping workflows new acquisition models
Make availa
ble
Acquire
Describ
e
Acquisitions challenges – Patron Driven Acquisition• Large PDA records sets can
be found by academics in discovery systems
• Materials can be added to resource lists that the library service does not yet own
• PDA resourcing needs to allow for end of process acquisition
Linking validation – challenges
• Varied quality of electronic resource bookmarks
• Bookmarked links can include unwanted values – which break links
• Lack of support for deep-linking on some information resources
• “The things academics find on the interwebnet…” (which raise provenance, copyright, appropriateness, et al issues)
• Which librarians fix this stuff? (systems team, eResource team, metadata team)
Linking challenges – full-text services
• Referencing of full-text materials in aggregator packages (potential impact of cancellation)
• Post-cancellation legacy access for direct electronic subscriptions?
• Aggregated collections are typically dynamic – content profiles change
Digitisation – challenges
• Academic requesting vs. library identification of need
• Lead times for satisfying digitations requests differ (hint – they’re rarely shorter)
• No capacity to store (or authenticate access to) materials within Aspire – so the RLMS will need to point to some managed, authenticated environment
Resource list review – and LLR’s processes
• Launch of RLMS has led to significant realignment of staff resources
• Funding has been realigned to meet the RLMS commitment
• All stock management and collection development processes have had to become RLMS-aware
• Training for staff; revisions to existing workflows; embedding new processes – needs to be accounted for in rollout planning
• “If your library service goes for a ‘big bang’ RLMS launch you probably won’t get every library management process right from the off…”
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Local RLMS innovations at Nottingham Trent University
Local technical and service innovations
• Relic – Resource List Item Checker (using an Aspire API)
• http://www.urko.org.uk/library/rlms/relic/index.php?type=doi&search=10.1177/0309132509105004
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Local technical and service innovations
• SlyFox (SFX OpenURL generator) and CatNip (Catalogue DLG)
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Local technical and service innovations
• LLR developed an SFX-RLMS bookmarking service
• Uses the Bookmarking API for Aspire (now supports OpenURL)
• Enables any OpenURL supporting service to become a bookmarking source
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• Any metadata received by SFX can be sent to Aspire
• Several other customers have deployed this target service
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RLMS and Aspire – future developments
Aspire enhancements anticipated by LLR
• Extending the bookmarking tool (to improve quality of item records)
• Better Management Information reporting (especially self-service)
• Acquisitions workflow extension (enabling LLR to bring more processing into Aspire)
• Improving RefWorks integration (moving to selective, direct export)
• Synchronisation API VLE-to-Aspire (to dispense with manual processes)
• Improved digitisation management
RLMS goals at Nottingham Trent University
• 100% adoption of resource lists for all taught courses
• Evidential increase in student satisfaction with resource list provision
• Academic buy-in built on: (a) ease of use of the RLMS system; (b) recognition of the value of the library contract; (c) proven student satisfaction
• Library demonstrates the ability to support resource lists in agile, timely, consistent and efficient ways
• For the library service, the positive momentum of a resource list management system delivers: (a) a better collection; (b) improved consultation with the library over the implications of course design
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Questions or comments?
NTU Resource Lists
http://resourcelists.ntu.ac.uk
Richard Cross
Resource Discovery and Innovation Team Manager
Libraries and Learning Resources, Nottingham Trent University