Respiratory Acidosis-Alkalosis

Saeed Al-wahabi-432800220DR:-Hyder Ali

•Respiratory Acidosis-Respiratory acidosis occurs when the lungs can’t remove

enough carbon dioxide (CO2). Excess CO2 makes the blood more acidic. This is because the body must balance

the ions that control pH-.

Normal PH: 7.35 - 7.45

Normal Pco2 : 35 - 40 mm Hg

Normal Hco3: 22 – 24 mEq/L

•Respiratory Acidosis• In Respiratory Acidosis :-

Hco3 Pco2 PH

•compensation•+

simple

•compensation•-mixed

Acidosis

1 in Hco3 for each 10 in Pco2((Acute))

3.3 in Hco3 for each 10 in Pco2((chronic))

Pco2

1=A!

3=C!

Causes-: Causes of respiratory acidosis include:• •Diseases of the airways (such as asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease.PE. pneumonia)

• •Diseases of the chest (such as scoliosis)• •Diseases affecting the nerves and muscles that "signal" the lungs to inflate or deflate(multiple sclerosis.kyphoscoliosis.MG)

• •Drugs that suppress breathing (including powerful pain medicines, such as narcotics, and "downers," such as benzodiazepines), especially when combined with alcohol

Hypoventilation

Clinical features

• Initial signs of acute respiratory acidosis include:• •headache• •anxiety• •blurred vision• •restlessness

• Without treatment, other symptoms may occur. These include:

• •sleepiness• •tremors• •delirium

Diagnosis-:

Several tools can help doctors diagnose respiratory acidosis.

Blood Gas Measurement (ABC)

This test measures oxygen and CO2 in the blood. High levels of CO2 can indicate acidosis.

Lung Function Tests

Many people with this condition have reduced lung function .especially airflow obstruction

Chest X-Ray

X-rays can help doctors see injuries or other problems likely to cause acidosis like pneumothorax and pneumonia

summary

RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS

Respiratory alkalosis occurs when carbon dioxide levels drop too low. This causes the pH of the blood to rise and become too alkaline

Hco3 Pco2 PH

mixed

Alkalosis

2.2 in Hco3 for each 10 inPco2((Acute))

4.4in Hco3 for each 10 in Pco2((chronic))

Pco2

AcuTe=2!!

??

Causes-: • Anxiety• Early asthma• Sepsis• Pulmonary Embolism• Pulmonary fibrosis• Pneumonia• Cirrhosis

Hyperventilation

CLINICAL FEATURES

•dizziness •bloating •feeling light-headed •numbness and/or muscle spasms in the

extremities (hands and feet) •discomfort in the chest area •confusion •dry mouth •tingling in the arms •heart palpitations •feeling short of breath

Diagnosis

•Blood Gas Measurement (ABC)

•This test measures oxygen and CO2 in the blood.

• low levels of CO2 can indicate acidosis.

CBC .

Liver function test .

summery

REFERENCES

• http://www.healthline.com