respiratory physiology
DESCRIPTION
Respiratory Physiology . 4 Parts of Respiration. Pulmonary ventilation - air moving into and out of lungs External respiration - gas exchange; blood - alveoli Respiratory gas transport - transport of gases via bloodstream Internal respiration - gas exchange; blood - cells. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Respiratory Physiology
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4 Parts of Respiration• Pulmonary ventilation- air moving
into and out of lungs• External respiration- gas exchange;
blood - alveoli• Respiratory gas transport- transport
of gases via bloodstream• Internal respiration- gas exchange;
blood - cells
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3D view of moving diaphragmhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hp-gCvW8PRY
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Respiratory Capacities• tidal volume- normal quiet breathing, ~500 ml of air (1
pint) into and out of lungs/breath• inspiratory reserve volume - more air can be forcibly
inhaled than during normal breathing ~2100 — 3200 ml (a 2-3 Liter bottle of soda)
• expiratory reserve volume- more air can be forcibly exhaled than during normal breathing ~1700 ml
• residual volume -after forcible exhalation about 1200 ml of air remains in lungs and cannot be voluntarily exhaled = (1 liter bottle of soda)
• vital capacity total amount of exchangeable air
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Spirometers…slightly better than ours
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Gas Exchange• Occurs across the alveolar capillary membrane• Alveoli– Thin flaps of tissue that are inflated by air– Have holes so air can fill sac if bronchioles are clogged– Produce surfactant– Lined with “dust cells” white blood cells to prevent illness
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Oxygen Transport in Blood
• Accomplished via blood– RBC carry O2 on hemoglobin– Plasma (liquid part of blood) has O2 dissolved in it
• Works because the likes O2 high affinity
• But CO has a higher affinity
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5LjLFrmKTSA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTMYSGXhJ4E
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If…• Oxygen level are low in the blood hypoxic• Low O2 can lead to a person becoming
cyanotic which causes necrosis
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CO2 in blood…• When CO2 enters blood RBC
join…
• Carbonic acid is unstable and breaks into H+ & HCO3-
HCO3- is a GREAT buffer… but if too much H+ accumulates…
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CO2 in blood…
Oxygen transport in bloodhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5LjLFrmKTSA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d-f3RL0KiUg
Page 454 in text book
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Neural Regulation of Breathing
• Rhythm is set by the pons and medulla (parts of the brainstem)– Pons- assists medulla by
sending sensory input to the medulla– Medulla- sets basic rhythm 12-18
breaths/min; sends message to diaphragm & intercostals to contract via the phrenic nerve (hiccups)
• Eupnea- normal breathing (phrenic nerve)
• Hyperpnea- deeper, more vigorous breathing (exercise)
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Your Medulla + Alcohol = • Alcohol is a depressant• Alcohol inhibits the medulla’s function • Too much inhibits your reflexes…
no gag or cough reflex… don’t drink when passed out!!!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Wbq2tWomSk
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Other factors that influence Respiratory Rate
1. Physical factors Temp, talking, coughing, sneezing, hiccupping,
exercising2. Conscious Control
Singing, swimming underwater, swallowing3. Emotional Factors
Sad crying, fear, anxiousness4. Chemical Factors
Many but most important is CO2 concentration
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Regulation of Breathing in Controlled Chemoreceptors
• Chemoreceptors sense a chemical change in blood composition– Inc. or dec. of H+ in blood
• When an inc. of H+ is detected medulla to breathes more
• When a dec. of H+ is detected medulla breathes less
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Spirometer Lab Data
Class Averages
Class Males Females Athletes Non Horn
Players Non
Tidal 910 1180 820 970 835 1150 890
ERV 2080 2670 2010 2370 1950 3050 2120
IRV 1570 1860 1420 1700 1380 1200 1700
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Respiratory Capacities• tidal volume- normal quiet breathing, ~500 ml of air
(1 pint) into and out of lungs/breath• inspiratory reserve volume - more air can be
forcibly inhaled than during normal breathing ~2100 — 3200 ml (a 2-3 Liter bottle of soda)
• expiratory reserve volume- more air can be forcibly exhaled than during normal breathing ~1700 ml
• residual volume -after forcible exhalation about 1200 ml of air remains in lungs and cannot be voluntarily exhaled = (1 liter bottle of soda)