Respiratory System

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Agraj GargClass – X DRoll No. – 3

What is Respiration? The act of

inhaling and exhaling air in order to obtain Oxygen and eliminate Carbon Dioxide is called Respiration. It is process of getting energy from food.

Types of Respiration

Aerobic Respiration This is the respiration in which glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to release carbon dioxide, water and energy. It takes place in many organisms.

Types of Respiration

Anaerobic Respiration This is the respiration in which glucose is broken down in the absence of oxygen to release ethanol, carbon dioxide and energy. It takes place in yeast.

Types of Respiration

Anaerobic Respiration in humans This is the respiration in our muscle cells in which glucose is broken down in the lack of oxygen to release lactic acid and energy.

Difference between Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration

Organs in the Respiratory

System

Nasal Cavity The nasal cavity is a hollow space within the nose and skull that is lined with hairs and mucus membrane. The function of the nasal cavity is to warm, moisturize, and filter air entering the body before it reaches the lungs.

Pharynx Also called the throat, the pharynx is the portion of the digestive tract that receives the food from your mouth. Branching off the pharynx is the oesophagus, which carries food to the stomach, and the trachea or windpipe, which carries air to the lungs.

Larynx It to act as a valve to prevent air from escaping the lungs. It prevent foreign substances from entering the lungs, trachea. It forcefully expel foreign substances which threaten the trachea.

It helps in the production of sound

Trachea The trachea (or windpipe) is a wide, hollow tube that connects the larynx (or voice box) to the bronchi of the lungs. It is an integral part of the body's airway and has the vital function of providing air flow to and from the lungs for respiration.

Bronchi and Bronchioles The main function of the bronchi and bronchioles is to carry air from the trachea into the lungs. Smooth muscle tissue in their walls helps to regulate airflow into the lungs.

Alveoli Alveoli are tiny sacs within our lungs that allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to move between the lungs and bloodstream.

Diaphragm The diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity containing the heart and lungs, from the abdominal cavity and performs an important function in respiration: as the diaphragm contracts, the volume of the thoracic cavity increases and air is drawn into the lungs.

Lungs The air that comes into the body through the lungs. It contains oxygen and other gases. In the lungs, the oxygen is moved into the bloodstream and carried through the body. At each cell in the body, the oxygen cells are exchanged for waste gas called carbon dioxide.

How Respiration works??? So, let's start at the beginning. A person breathes air in through their nostrils or their mouth. The mouth and nasal airways come together at a junction called the pharynx, which is located at the back of the mouth, and continues down the throat until it reaches the larynx. The larynx is more commonly known as the voice box, and some people call it the Adam's apple. The air then enters the trachea, which is the main airway that runs from the larynx down to the lungs. The trachea is known to most people as the windpipe. Just as the air reaches the lungs, the trachea splits into two smaller tubes called bronchi.

Each bronchus enters one side of the lungs and then splits repeatedly into ever smaller tubes called bronchioles.

And finally, at the ends of the smallest bronchioles are clusters of spherical structures that look a lot like bunches of grapes. These grape-like structures are called alveoli and are basically tiny air sacs with very thin walls that serve as the main site of gas exchange. The average human lung has about 500 million alveoli with a combined inner surface area that is about the same size as half of a full-size tennis court. That's 40 times the surface area of a person's skin! When the air that the person just breathed in reaches these air sacs, the oxygen in the air passes through the air sac walls into the blood in the capillaries. At the same time, carbon dioxide (a waste gas) moves from the capillaries into the air sacs. This process is called gas exchange. The oxygen-rich blood in the capillaries then flows into larger veins, which carry it to the heart. Your heart pumps the oxygen-rich blood to all your body's organs. These organs can't function without an ongoing supply of oxygen.

How Respiration works???

Respiration in Other Organisms

Earthworms Earthworms exchange gases with the environment through their thin and moist skin. Blood vessels in their body transport Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide to different body parts.

Respiration in Other Organisms

Fish Fish has specialised structures called the gills to carry out exchange of gases with water, the medium in which they live.

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