Respiratory System

Ch. 37.3

Vocabulary

1. epiglottis2. pharynx3. trachea4. larynx5. bronchi6. alveoli7. diaphragm

Pre-lecture Discussion Questions:

What is cellular respiration? How does the respiratory system

relate to cellular respiration? How does the circulatory system relate

to the respiratory system and to cellular respiration?

I. OverviewA. Respiration = gas exchangeWhich gases and in which

direction?1. To absorb oxygen2. Release carbon dioxide3. Warms, humidifies and filters air

B. How does gas exchange relate to cellular respiration?1. C6H12O6 + 6O2 ------> 6 CO2 + 6

H2O

2. The respiratory system brings in O2 and removes CO2

1. RS brings oxygen into the body

2. Oxygenated blood gets pumped by the CS to cells of the body

3. O2 is exchanged for CO2 at the cellular level

4. Deoxygenated blood is transported back to the lungs via the CS

5. CO2 is expelled by the lungs

YEAH! I’M ALIVE!

II. AnatomyA. Nose / Nasal Cavity

1. Air enters the body and is filtered, warmed and humidified HOW and WHY?

2. Lined with cilia and mucus WHY?

B. Pharynx (Throat)1. Passageway for air and food

C. Epiglottis1. Covers the opening to the windpipe when

you swallow Why?* prevents food from “going down the wrong way”

2. Prevents food from going down ________

1. Pathway lined with several pieces of cartilage that are connected to muscles

2. vocal cords vibrate when air passes through, allowing us to communicate

3. One piece, the thyroid cartilage forms the “Adam’s apple”

Why do boys have a larger Adam’s apple?***Testosterone causes it to grow larger.

D. Larynx “Voice Box”

E. Trachea “Windpipe”

1. Cartilaginous tube 2. Divides into right and left

bronchi

F. Bronchi1. Two large passageways in the chest

cavity – each leads to one lung2. Subdivide into smaller bronchioles3. Smooth muscle controls size of airway4. Bronchioles subdivide into millions of

tiny air sacs called alveoli

Artery

Vein

G. Alveoli1. Oxygen dissolves in

the moisture on the inner surface, then diffuses across capillaries into the blood

2. Carbon dioxide in the bloodstream diffuses in the opposite direction

Alveoli

Bronchiole

Capillary

There are 150 millionalveoli in each healthylung!

DRAW Fig. 37-13 pg 957 (or pict. On pg 465 of worksheets)

III. BreathingA. Controlled by the diaphragm:

diaphragm contracts --> air indiaphragm relaxes --> air out

B. CO2 levels in blood determine diaphragm contraction; monitored by cells in brain

Air inhaled

Diaphragm contracts

Rib cage rises

Air exhaled

Diaphragm relaxes

Rib cage lowers

Inhalation Exhalation

Origin of Hiccups

IV. Diseases of the RSA. Asthma

1. Allergic reaction2. Smooth muscles contract,

narrowing the airways3. Clogs the airways with mucus

B. Bronchitis1. Excess mucus and inflammation of

the bronchioles2. Caused by long-term exposure to

irritants such as cigarette smoke and air pollutants, or infection

C. Cystic Fibrosis1. Genetic defect that causes

excessive mucus production that clogs the airways; die from drowning

D. Pneumonia1. Inflammation of the lungs caused

by Streptococcus pneumoniae

E. Tuberculosis1. Bacterial infection

(Mycobacterium tuberculosis) of the lungs that causes the formation of hard nodules and crusty dead spots in lungs

V. SmokingA. Effects of Smoking

1. Tobacco smokea. Nicotine - addictive drug that increases

heart rate and blood pressure, constricts bronchioles which decreases airflow in lungs

b. CO - binds to hemoglobin reducing O2 carrying capacity

c. Tar - contains compounds that cause cancer

2. Decreases circulation, constricts blood vessels

3. Increased mucus and swelling of lining (constant cough, less O2 to blood)

4. Destroys cilia in lining of RS5. Over time, the elastic fibers of the lungs

are destroyed causing collapse of small bronchioles

Smoker’s Lungs

B. Smoking-related Diseases1. Emphysema: destruction of the

alveoli resulting in less surface for gas exchange

2. Chronic Bronchitis: excessive secretion of bronchial mucus over time

3. Lung Cancer: leading cause of cancer deaths in US; most people die within a year of initial diagnosis; 85% of cases are related to smoking

DON’T SMOKE OR YOU COULD WIND UP LIKE

THESE GUYS!!!!!!!