Respiratory system

Lesson 5

Respiration

Lungs

Thorax

Trachea

Oxygen

Bronchus

Ribcage

Alveoli

Abdomen

snulg

xortahchatare

goxeyn

gicebra

cnuhorbs

laivoledamobne

Keywords • Respiration• Aerobic• Anaerobic• Oxygen debt• Combustion

Keyword Definition

How do cells get oxygen and glucose?

How is digested food used by the body?

Glucose, from digested carbohydrates, is an important substance that contains stored chemical energy.

When glucose reacts with oxygen, a lot of energy is released.

In the body’s cells, glucose and oxygen react to release energy. Some of this is released as heat and the rest is used by the cells.

What is the release of energy from glucose called?

The body needs a constant supply of energy which comes from digested food.

What is respiration?Respiration is the process that the body uses to release energy from digested food (glucose):

This type of respiration is called aerobic respiration because energy is released in the presence of oxygen.

How do the glucose and oxygen needed for aerobic respiration get to the all the body’s cells?

oxygencarbondioxideglucose + + water ( energy)+

from the digestive system

from the respiratory

system

waste product

(exhaled)

waste product

(exhaled)

The equation for aerobic respiration

Respiration and combustionBurning is the reaction between a fuel and oxygen. This reaction is called combustion:

During combustion, heat and light energy are released and carbon dioxide and water are also produced, so combustion is similar to respiration.

The difference between combustion and respiration is that combustion is not a controlled reaction. Respiration is a controlled reaction that slowly releases energy from food in the body’s cells and the cells do not catch fire!

fuel oxygen carbon dioxide water+ +

Respiration and combustion

Aerobic and anaerobic respiration

When the body is able to supply its cells with the oxygen and glucose that they need, it carries out aerobic respiration.

When the body cannot supply the cells with the oxygen needed to break down glucose, then it has to carry out anaerobic respiration. Energy is released without oxygen:

lactic acidglucose energy+

oxygencarbondioxideglucose + + water ( energy)+

Not enough oxygen!

When anaerobic respiration takes place, lactic acid is also produced.

glucose lactic acid energy+

After exercise the body needs to remove the lactic acid before it causes damage to cells.

Lactic acid builds up in the muscle cells and prevents the muscles doing their job. This is thought to cause fatigue and sometimes cramp.

Oxygen debt

The amount of oxygen needed to remove all the lactic acid after exercise is called an oxygen debt.

oxygen waterlactic acid carbon dioxide+ +

After activity that has lead to anaerobic respiration, the person involved breathes heavily and their heart rate remains high to supply the body with the oxygen it needs.

Lactic acid is broken down by oxygen.

How does running affect your pulse?

Anaerobic respiration equations

LO –

• Level 4 – To state the differences between inhaled and exhaled air.

To state where oxygen gets into the blood and how it is transported around the body.

• Level 6 – To explain how oxygen gets into the blood.

• Level 7 – To explain how the lungs are adapted to their job.