responding 2 new technologies programme |david j. grimshaw | 21 november, 2015 | 1 nanotechnology...
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Responding 2 New Technologies Programme |David J. Grimshaw | 21 April 2023 | 1
Nanotechnology and Water:
David J. Grimshaw27 November 2007
Connecting Science with Development
Responding 2 New Technologies Programme | David J. Grimshaw | 21 April 2023 | 2
Agenda
Dialogue as a starting pointNanodialogues in ZimbabweNanodialogues in PeruChallenges for science and technologyTowards engagement of science and scientists
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Back to founding principles
“New technologies are developed only when people of power and wealth back the development.”
Schumacher (1979:44)
Making use of modern knowledge Schumacher (1973)
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Traditional Approach Failed
Technology transferDeficit model of dialoguePrecautionary principle
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Towards a new view
Seeing the world in proportion
And from a different perspective
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Technology in Use
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“A world where
science-led new
technologies deliver
products which fulfil
human needs rather than
market wants.”
Poor people participate in the evaluation and testing (where
appropriate) of new science-led technologies
Goal and Vision
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“A world where
science-led new
technologies deliver
products which fulfil
human needs rather than
market wants.”
International and national organisations of governments and
scientists take account of the needs of poor people before and during the
innovation process for new science-led technologies
Goal and Vision
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Globalisation and the diffusion of nanotechnologies to help the poor
The top three applications that would help developing countries are: energy; agricultural productivity and water treatment.
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Epworth Water Supply
SpringsOpen wells
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Rich Picture
Scientists
ObserverFacilitatorEvaluator
Produce formarket wants
Products areunaffordable
Not inventedhere, syndrome
Is technologyrelevant?
Knowledge gap
Produce forhuman need
Understandlocal context
Listen
Alternativebusiness model
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Conceptual Model
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Peri Urban Community
Technology
Water supply Cultural/ ContextPiped – 30%Shallow wellsHigh water tableContamination from industryProximity of sanitationSmall plot size
Small plot sizeWaste/garbage problemsIntegrated planning issuesResponsibilities:
institutionspolicy
Buckets/ropeClean tap water
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Rural Community
Technology
Water supply Cultural/ ContextBoreholes – 80 - 90%-Walking distance <500m-250 people (too high)Salinity/floridityAffected by urban area contaminationInsufficient supplyContamination from latrines
Population growthImpact of sanitationCeremonial customsAttitudes and beliefsNeed for S&T dialogue policyEngage with local planning
Protocol for introductionNeed for educationNeed more boreholesHand pumps-Maintenance-Economics – price change-Institutional changes
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Nanotechnology?
“there is no real water quality issue that cannot be solved with existing technologies”
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Critical Issues
Resourcemobilisation
Affordability
Sustainability
Acceptability &ownership
Awareness &capacitybuilding
Policyframework
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Issues and Recommendations
ResourceMobilisationGovernmentNGO/CommunitiesMulti-lateral donorsFor existing technologyChannel taxes 4 waterMore local R&D
AffordabilityPricing policyProgressive or regressive taxWater as a public goodLink to economic use of water, e.g. irrigationReduce or share R&DOpen access modelReduce dependance on imported materials & Central equipment
SustainabilityLocal R&DEcon/environ/socialR&D ownership
Acceptability &OwnershipDemonstrationService providersCascade approachCapacity building
Awareness &capacityBuildingExtension workService providers towork with communitiesK shared with communitiesBut need external catalyst
PolicyFrameworkSocial acceptabilityEnable but also constrain (which tech)Promote technologyReview every 2 yearsDefine from grassrootsEvaluation of lessons
ena
ble
Ability to pay
Fo
llow
sF
rom
aw
are
ness
Mul
tiplie
r effe
ctG
over
nmen
t buy
-in
Economic Behaviour
ownership
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Challenges for Peru
Moving beyond the dialogue into engagementBuild local capacitySelect appropriate technologyClarify riskIdentify business model
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Challenges for S&T…
We live in an era of rapid technological advancement, with scientists consistently producing new innovations.Despite this, many of these developments are not escaping the academic field and being implemented where they could have considerable benefits in the lives of those who really need them. The simple reason for this is the minimal communication between groups, and thus a lack of awareness about what is needed – and what is available.
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Arsenic in Bangladesh
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Mind Map of Arsenic Problem
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Recipe 1
Take 20 litres of water containing arsenicPlace a “clay t-bag” in the waterWait for 13 minutesDrink clean waterSave the “clay t-bag”Sell all your used “clay t-bags” back to your supplier
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Recipe 2
Heat olive oil in a pan until really hotAdd solvent such as soapAdd iron oxide (rust particles)Wait till coolPour water through this mixtureExtract the particles with a magnetDrink the clean water
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…in search of a Solution
Science for Humanity seeks to overcome this problem by matching scientists and their work on the one hand, and the needs of those (predominantly in the developing countries) on the other. Working closely with scientists, NGOs and governments in order to identify problems and possible scientific solutions, develop policy and provide funding. By providing this knowledge base and central dialogue, we bring to those who really need it the immense potential for development provided by the ever increasing new technologies
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Conclusion
Dialogues between scientists and poor communities influence innovation.Pro-poor innovation requires changes in resource allocation.Need to move from dialogue to engagement with scientists.
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Thank youThank you
Discussion