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Restitution Research

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Grady Brown Elementary School

Hillsborough, NC

Discipline incidents per day referred to front office. 12-15 per day in 1990-91 5-7 per day in 1991-92 2-4 per day in 1992-93 0-2 per day in 1993-94

90-91 91-92 92-93 93-94

15

5

10

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West Middle School Discipline Referrals, Rockford, ILSemi 94-95 Semi 95-96 Change +/ % Change +/-

TardyForgeryTruancyInsubordinationDisruptive BehaviorGamblingGroup ViolenceFightingVerbal/StudentVerbal/StaffGang IndicationExtortionAlcohol/DrugsSale/DrugsTobacco UsePossession StolenGoodsTheftFalse AlarmThreat/StudentThreat/StaffAssault/StudentAssault/StaffPossession WeaponWeapon UseVandalismOtherTotals

3275

18714561050

14

1654

99903065786

346322418

210

4076

35

291599394

217

1121

5270405793

1613

10520501

29

2438

-3240

-158143

-6561

13-53

3-47-2010

-122

-510

-2142-21

-1-7

-181

-1638

-99.10

-94.59.8

-62.5100325

-32.1-32.1-47.5-22.5

033.3

0-16.7

4028.69-62.5166.7-61.866.7-9.1

25-10087.5

-869.2

-40.2

SEX AND ETHNIC BREAKOUTTotal Majority Minority Male Female

Number 2438 781 1657 1731 707Percent 32 68 71 29

Eth1 Eth2 Eth3 Eth4 Eth5Number 1600 777 4 57Percent 65.6 31.9 .2 2.3

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West Middle School Discipline Referral Totals – 1994-1998

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

1994-95 1995-96 1996-1997 1997-98

(4146)

(2454)

(1718)

(1475)

Drop of discipline referrals 2671 - 64%

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West Middle School, Rockford, Illinois

Comparison of Percentage of Two Groups Achieving a GPA of 2.0 or Better

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Per

cen

tag

e

Group 1 Group 2

1st quarter 2nd quarter 3rd quarter 4th quarter Total

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Restitution Takes Hold ProjectIndividual Student Statistics

In ClassConsequence

Detention

In School Suspension

Out SchoolSuspension

Expulsion

Name:

Project Week(Frequency)

Number of Referrals 13

Number of Restitutions 2

Race/Ethnic M/AA

Team Number N

A

Legend

Discipline Referral

Restitution Done

Parent Contacted

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 1820 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36

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Restitution Takes Hold ProjectIndividual Student Statistics

In ClassConsequence

Detention

In School Suspension

Out SchoolSuspension

Expulsion

Name:

Project Week(Frequency)

G

Number of Referrals

Number of Restitutions

Bottom Quartile

Race/Ethnic F/EA

Team Number

28

2

Y

1

Legend

Discipline Referral

Restitution Done

Parent Contacted

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 1618 2022 24 2628 30 32 3436

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Restitution Takes Hold ProjectIndividual Student Statistics

In ClassConsequence

Detention

In School Suspension

Out SchoolSuspension

Expulsion

Name:

Project Week(Frequency)

Number of Referrals Number of Restitutions Bottom Quartile Race/Ethnic M/AATeam Number

M

82Y

1

Legend

Discipline Referral

Restitution Done

Parent Contacted

2 4 68 10 12 14 1618 2022 24 2628 30 32 3436

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Restitution Takes Hold ProjectIndividual Student Statistics

In ClassConsequence

Detention

In School Suspension

Out SchoolSuspension

Expulsion

Name:

Project Week(Frequency)

Number of Referrals Number of Restitutions

Race/Ethnic Team Number

S

91Y

1

Legend

Discipline Referral

Restitution Done

Parent Contacted F/HA

2 4 68 10 12 14 1618 2022 24 2628 30 32 3436

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Restitution is a process. Expect on an implementation dip. Sometimes we are going two steps forward and one step backwards as we attempt to get balance between the bottom lines and beliefs.

As you have noticed in the previous overheads the incidents for discipline drop down after the first restitution and rise again. It is as if the kids don’t believe we are serious about solving problems rather than punishing.

After the second restitution when incidents of discipline fail they tend to stay down, especially if the parents have been involved. In the following example you will see a dramatic drop in incidents of discipline followed by a return to a series of out of school suspension. If this pattern continues there is a good chance this boy is on the way to jail. This is a sad situation because we had him engaged at one point.

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In ClassConsequence

Detention

In School Suspension

Out SchoolSuspension

Expulsion

Restitution Takes Hold Project

Name:

Project Week

J

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 1618 2022 24 2628 30 32 3436

(Frequency)

Number of Referrals

Number of Restitutions Bottom Quartile

Race/Ethnic M/AATeam Number

502Y

1

Where did we lose him?

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Haskell ElementaryRockford, IL - Vicki Jacobson, Principal

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

Total Referrals

1995-961996-971997-981998-991999-00

1995-96 Only principal and two other staff trained in Restitution1996-97 All teachers from one grade level trained1997-98 Entire school trained in Restitution1998-99 Implementation of Restitution1999-00 Further implementation * - in the process of confirmation

Demographics - 97% Free & Reduced Lunch - Low socio-economic, high minority population - Have been on State Watch list for three years

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LINCOLN CENTER ELEMENTARYSOUTH ST. PAUL, MNPrincipal - Paul Johnson

• Our first year we started with rules. • 1997-98 was a year of training for our staff in

Restitution.• In 1998 we started doing beliefs with staff and

students.• The second semester (January 1999) we had

firmed up our bottom line and this helped a lot.• We began the fall of 1999 year with teaching

needs, reviewing beliefs, and clear bottom lines in place.

• We now have a peaceful school.• There is an ongoing need to rebalance the

bottom lines with the beliefs.

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Office Referrals for Behavior 1997-00Lincoln Center Elementary School

South St. Paul, MN - All staff trained in Restitution by end of summer 1998

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

1997-98 1998-99 1999-2000

Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May/June

X X

X

X

XX

X

X

X X

X

X

X

X

X

XX X

X

X

X

X

1998-99

1999-00

1997-98

X

X

X

X

X

XXX

X

X

2000-01

2000-01

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Evergreen Teachers Use Restitution

Evergreen, WA - Number of Teachers Surveyed 695

I use the following strategies of RDM in my classroom. Mark all that apply.

My Job Your Job 652 (93%)

Behavior Car 177 (25%)

Classroom Beliefs 566 (81%)

Restitution 536 (77%)

Basic Needs 47 (78%)

Classroom Agreements 475 (68%)

What’s your plan? 549 (78%)

None 23 (0.03%)

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My

Job

/Yo

ur

Job

-

93%

Cla

ss B

elie

fs -

81%

Res

titu

tio

n -

77%

Bas

ic N

eed

s -

78%

Wh

at’s

Yo

ur

Pla

n?

- 7

8%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Per

cent

age

Strategies Used

My Job Class Beliefs Restitution

Basic Needs What's Your Plan

Implementation By Teachers After Training695 Surveyed - Evergreen School District, Vancouver, WA

My

Job

/Yo

ur

Job

– 9

3%

Cla

ss B

elie

fs –

81%

Res

titu

tio

n –

77%

Bas

ic N

eed

s –

78%

Wh

at’s

Yo

ur

Pla

n?

– 7

8%

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RESTITUTION SCHOOLS SURVEY 1996

Identity Shift• Do you find the concepts/practice of restitution

leading to a success identity for yourself?

Yes-91% No-9%• Do you believe restitution leads students, staff

and parents to a success identity?

Yes -94% No-6%• Where would you rate restitution with regard

to locus of control on a scale of 1-10 with external locus of control being 1 and internal locus of control being 10?

Yes-100% (5 and above) No-0% (Under 5) Average - 8.4

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Identity Shift Survey - 1996

0

20

40

60

80

100

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3

Yes

No

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Inner city setting

Kindergarten to grade 8

peak enrollment 260 students

High transience

High level of poverty

98% of students AboriginalStaff, principal, parents and elders developed their beliefsstudents referred to the principal for counseling or bottom lineThe following graph represent information about the number of students sent to the office for discipline problemsThe data has been corrected to an enrollment of 241 students.December is often a difficult month for our students. The anticipation created in the media is not their reality. Christmas is a time of disappointment! February was a month of changes - staff away sick, lost of classrooms.Twenty five staff members, parents and our elder attended the 2 day workshop “Restitution 1”. After this workshop our incidents of discipline began to drop every month. In September with 150 new students we had to begin the process again realized the same decrease in discipline problems.

Princess Alexandra Community SchoolSaskatoon, SK

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Princess Alexandra Community SchoolSeptember 1999 – June 2003

0

10

20

30

40

1999-2000

Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

2001-2002

2000-2001

Restitution WorkshopMarch 2000

2002-2003

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Princess Alexandra Community School UpdateIn 1998, only 7 % of our students in grade 4 performed at the 50 percentile on the Canadian Achievement Test (CAT).In 2000, 40% of our students in grade 4 performed at the 50 percentile on the Canadian Achievement Test (CAT).In 2002, 55% of our grade 4 students are at or above the 50% percentile on the Canadian Achievement Test (CAT).

Princess Alexandra Community SchoolAchievement Results 1998-2002

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Per

cent

age

of S

tude

nt

50th Percentile

That means that over 50% our students are doing as well or better than the average Canadian grade 4 student.As of the spring 2002, we can say that all our grade 1 students can read, compare to 50% in 2000.We are on target for our goals;1. To have all grade 1 students read at grade level by 2004.2.To have all our students k – 4 performing at or above grade level by 2005.3.To close the gap in our senior students’ performance to less than 2 years behind grade level by 2005. (Now, a 5 years gap is common).

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Jeannette Myhre Elementary SchoolBismarck, ND

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01

Year

No

. o

f In

cid

en

ts

Fighting Language Disrespect

   Grades: K to 6      Average 410 to 430 students Urban school with high poverty - 55%.  

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1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-Apr 02

ÈcoleJ.H. Sissons, Yellowknife, NTOut of School Suspensions 1998-2002

49

33

27

3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Year

Nu

mb

er o

f S

usp

en

sio

ns

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Reindeer Lake School – Nursery–Gr. 12 – 375 students

Southend, SK (8 hours North of Saskatoon, SK)

Totals: Aug 2001-Mar 2002 = 262 (Year 336)Aug 2002-Mar 2003 = 89 (decrease of 66%)

Staff Training:Restitution I – Yves Bousquet – Aug 2002Restitution II – Ted Amendt - Mar 2003

01020304050607080

Months

Num

ber

of S

uspe

nsio

ns

2001/2002

2002/2003