restricted use pesticide pellets label... · 2015-02-02 · applicator's manual for...
TRANSCRIPT
APPLICATOR'S MANUAL FOR WEEVIL-CIDE® TABLETS, PELLETS AND GAS BAGS
RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDEDUE TO HIGH ACUTE INHALATION TOXICITY OF PHOSPHINE GAS
For retail sale to Dealers and Certified Applicators only. For use by Certified Applicators or persons under their directsupervision, and only for those uses covered by the Certified Applicator’s certification. Refer to the directions in thisApplicator’s Manual for requirements of the physical presence of a Certified Applicator.
FOR USE AGAINST INSECTS WHICH INFEST STORED COMMODITIES AND CONTROL OF BURROWING PESTS
Active Ingredient: Aluminum Phosphide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.0%Other Ingredients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.0%Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100.0%
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
DANGER - POISON - PELIGROPRECAUCION AL USUARIO: Si usted no leé ingles, no use este producto hasta que la etiqueta se le haya sido explicadoampliamente. (TO THE USER: If you cannot read English, do not use this product until the label has been fully explained to you.)
FOR CHEMICAL EMERGENCY, SPILL, LEAK, FIRE, EXPOSURE OR ACCIDENT CALL CHEMTREC 1-800-424-9300
EPA Registration Nos. 70506-13, 70506-14, and 70506-15 EPA Establishment No. 41876-IND-001
Net Contents:___________________
TABLETS - PELLETS - GAS BAGS
Aluminum Phosphide Fumigant
®
THESE PRODUCTS ARE ACCOMPANIED BY AN APPROVED LABEL AND APPLICATOR'S MANUAL. READ ANDUNDERSTAND THE ENTIRE LABELING AND APPLICATOR'S MANUAL. ALL PARTS OF THE LABELING ANDAPPLICATOR'S MANUAL ARE EQUALLY IMPORTANT FOR SAFE AND EFFECTIVE USE OF THE PRODUCTS.CONSULT WITH YOUR STATE LEAD PESTICIDE REGULATORY AGENCY TO DETERMINE REGULATORY STATUS,REQUIREMENTS, AND RESTRICTIONS FOR FUMIGATION USE IN THAT STATE. CALL 1-800-438-6071 IF YOUHAVE ANY QUESTIONS OR DO NOT UNDERSTAND ANY PART OF THIS LABELING.
United Phosphorus, Inc.630 Freedom Business Center, Suite 402King of Prussia, PA 194061-800-438-6071 • www.upi-usa.com
Manufactured for:
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
1. FIRST AID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2. NOTE TO PHYSICIAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4. PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.1 Hazards to Humans and Domestic Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.2 Physical and Chemical Hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5. PESTS CONTROLLED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6. COMMODITIES WHICH MAY BE FUMIGATED WITH WEEVIL-CIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.1 Raw Agricultural Commodities, Animal Feed and Feed Ingredients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.2 Processed Foods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.3 Nonfood Commodities Including Tobacco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
7. EXPOSURE CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8. DOSAGE RATE GUIDELINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8.1 Recommended WEEVIL-CIDE Dosage Rates for Various Types of Fumigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8.2 Maximum Allowable Dosage Guidelines for Fumigation with WEEVIL-CIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
9. PROTECTIVE CLOTHING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
9.1 Gloves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
10. RESPIRATORY PROTECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
10.1 When Respiratory Protection Must Be Worn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
10.2 Permissible Gas Concentration Ranges for Respiratory Protection Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
10.3 Requirements for Availability of Respiratory Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
11 REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTIFIED APPLICATOR’S PRESENCE AND TRAINING FOR RECEIPT OF IN-TRANSIT VEHICLES UNDER FUMIGATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
11.1 Requirements for the Presence of a Certified Applicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
11.2 Requirements for Authorized Training for Receipt of In-Transit Vehicles Under Fumigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
12. GAS DETECTION EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
13. NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
13.1 Authorities and On-Site Workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
13.2 Incidents Involving These Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
13.3 Theft of Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
14. APPLICATOR AND WORKER EXPOSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
14.1 Exposure Limits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
14.2 Application of Fumigant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
14.3 Leakage from Fumigated Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
14.4 Aeration and Reentry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
14.5 Handling Unaerated Commodities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
14.6 Industrial Hygiene Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
14.7 Engineering Controls and Work Practices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
15. PLACARDING OF FUMIGATED AREAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
16. SEALING OF STRUCTURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
17. AERATION OF FUMIGATED COMMODITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
17.1 Foods and Feeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
17.2 Non-Food Commodities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
17.3 Tobacco. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
PAGE
18. STORAGE INSTRUCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
18.1 Labeling of Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
19. TRANSPORT INSTRUCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
19.1 Transportation Designations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
19.2 Transportation Exemption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
20. FUMIGATION MANAGEMENT PLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
GUIDANCE FOR PREPARATION OF A FUMIGATION PLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
20.1 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
20.2 A Checklist Guide for a Fumigation Management Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
A. Preliminary Planning and Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
B. Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
C. Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
D. Notification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
E. Sealing Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
F. Application Procedures and Fumigation Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
G. Post-Application Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
21. APPLICATION PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
21.1 Farm Bins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
21.2 Flat Storages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
21.3 Vertical Storages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
21.4 Mills, Food Processing Plants and Warehouses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
21.5 Railcars, Containers, Trucks, Vans, and other Transport Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
21.6 Tarpaulin and Bunker Fumigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
21.7 In-Transit Shipholds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
21.8 Small Sealable Enclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
21.9 Beehives, Supers and Other Bee Keeping Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
21.10 Burrowing Pest Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
22. ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
23. ENDANGERED SPECIES RESTRICTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
24. DISPOSAL INSTRUCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
24.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
24.2 Disposal of Aluminum Flasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
24.3 Directions for Disposal of Residual Dust from WEEVIL-CIDE Pellets and Tablets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
24.4 Directions for Deactivation of Partially Spent Residual Dust from WEEVIL-CIDE Tablets and Pellets . . . . . 19
24.5 Directions for Deactivation of Partially Spent Residual Dust from WEEVIL-CIDE Gas Bags . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
25. SPILL AND LEAK PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
25.1 General Precautions and Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
25.2 Directions for Deactivation by the Wet Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3
SECTION 1
FIRST AID
SECTION 2
NOTE TO PHYSICIANAluminum phosphide in WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets, Pellets and GasBags reacts with moisture from the air, water, acids and manyother liquids to release phosphine gas. Mild inhalation exposurecauses malaise (indefinite feeling of sickness), ringing of ears,fatigue, nausea, and pressure in the chest, which is relieved byremoval to fresh air. Moderate poisoning causes weakness, vom-iting, and pain just above the stomach, chest pain, diarrhea anddyspnea (difficulty in breathing). Symptoms of severe poisoningmay occur within a few hours to several days, resulting in pul-
monary edema (fluid in lungs) and may lead to dizziness, cyanosis(blue or purple skin color), unconsciousness, and death.In sufficient quantity, phosphine affects the liver, kidneys, lungs,nervous system, and circulatory system. Inhalation can causelung edema (fluid in lungs) and hyperemia (fluid in brain).Ingestion can cause lung and brain symptoms but damage to theviscera (body cavity organs) is more common. Phosphine poi-soning may result in (1) pulmonary edema, (2) liver elevatedserum GOT, LDH and alkaline phosphatase, reduced prothrom-bin, hemorrhage and jaundice (yellow skin color) and (3) kidneyhematuria (blood in urine) and anuria (abnormal lack of urination).Pathology is characterized by hypoxia (oxygen deficiency inbody tissue). Frequent exposure to subacute concentrationsover a period of days or weeks may cause poisoning. Treatmentis symptomatic.The following measures are suggested for use by the physiciansin accordance with their own judgment:In its milder forms, symptoms of poisoning may take some time(up to 24 hours) to make their appearance, and the following issuggested:1. Give complete rest for 1-2 days, during which time the patient
must be kept quiet and warm.2. Should the patient suffer from vomiting or increased blood
sugar, appropriate solutions should be administered.Treatment with oxygen breathing equipment is recommended,as is the administration of cardiac and circulatory stimulants.
In case of severe poisoning (intensive care unit recommended):1. Where pulmonary edema is observed, steroid therapy should
be considered and close medical supervision is recommend-ed. Blood transfusions may be necessary.
2. In case of manifest pulmonary edema, venesection should beperformed under vein pressure control. Heart Glycosides (I.V.)(in case of hemoconcentration, venesection may result inshock). On progressive edema of lungs, immediate intubationis recommended with a constant removal of edema fluid andoxygen over-pressure respiration, as well as any measuresrequired for shock treatment. In case of kidney failure, extra-corporeal hemodialysis is necessary. There is no specific anti-dote known for this poisoning.
3. Mention should be made here of suicidal attempts by takingsolid phosphine by the mouth. After swallowing, emptying ofthe stomach by vomiting, flushing of the stomach with dilutedpotassium permanganate solution or a solution of magnesiumperoxide is recommended until flushing liquid ceases to smellof carbide. Thereafter, apply carbomedicanalis.
SECTION 3
INTRODUCTIONWEEVIL-CIDE® products are used to protect stored commoditiesfrom damage by insects and for the control of burrowing pests.Fumigation of stored products with WEEVIL-CIDE® in the man-ner prescribed in the labeling does not contaminate the market-ed commodity.WEEVIL-CIDE® fumigants are acted upon by atmospheric mois-ture to produce phosphine (PH3) gas.WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets, Pellets and Gas Bags contain aluminumphosphide (AlP) as their active ingredient and will liberate phos-phine via the following chemical reaction:
AlP + 3H2O ➔ Al(OH)3 + PH3
Phosphine gas is highly toxic to insects, burrowing pests,humans, and other forms of animal life. In addition to its toxicproperties, the gas will corrode certain metals and may ignitespontaneously in air at concentrations above its lower flamma-
FIRST AID: Symptoms of exposure to this product areheadaches, dizziness, nausea, difficult breathing, vomiting, anddiarrhea. In all cases of overexposure get medical attentionimmediately. Take victim to a doctor or emergency treatmentfacility.
IF INHALED
• Move person to fresh air.• If person is not breathing, call 911 or an
ambulance, then give artificial respirationimmediately, preferably by mouth-to-mouth if possible.
• Keep warm and make sure person canbreathe freely.
• Call a poison control center or doctor forfurther treatment advice.
IF SWALLOWED
• Call a poison control center or doctorimmediately for treatment advice.
• Do not induce vomiting unless told to doso by a poison control center or physician.
• Vomiting may off-gas and release phos-phine, which could pose a risk of second-ary contamination.
• Do not give water (potential additional for-mation of phosphine) unless authorized bya physician.
• Do not give anything by mouth to anunconscious person.
IF ON SKIN ORCLOTHING
• Brush or shake material off clothes andshoes in a well-ventilated area. Allowclothes to aerate in a ventilated area priorto laundering.
• Do not leave contaminated clothing inoccupied and/or confined areas such asautomobiles, vans, motel rooms, etc.
• Wash contaminated skin thoroughly withsoap and water.
IF IN EYES
• Hold eye open and rinse slowly and gen-tly with water for 15 - 20 minutes.
• Remove contact lenses, if present, afterthe first 5 minutes, then continue rinsingeye.
• Call a poison control center or doctor forfurther treatment advice.
EMERGENCY CONTACT NUMBERCALL CHEMTREC 1-800-424-9300
Have the product container or label or Applicator’s Manualwith you when calling a poison control center or doctor, orgoing for treatment. For 24-hour emergency medicaltreatment, contact the Rocky Mountain Poison Center 1-866-673-6671.
4
ble limit of 1.8% (v/v). These hazards will be described in greaterdetail in Section 4 of this Applicator's Manual.WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets and Pellets also contain ammonium car-bamate, which liberates ammonia and carbon dioxide as follows:
NH2COONH4 ➔ 2NH3 + CO2
These gases are essentially nonflammable and act as inertingagents to reduce fire hazards.WEEVIL-CIDE® is prepared in three forms: Tablets, Pellets andGas Bags. The rounded Tablets weigh approximately 3 gramsand release 1 gram of phosphine gas. They are about 16.5 mmin diameter and are bulk packaged in resealable aluminum flaskscontaining 500 tablets. The Pellets weigh approximately 0.6gram and release 0.2 gram of phosphine gas. They are about 9.5mm in diameter and are also packaged in resealable flasks con-taining either 1660 or 2500 pellets. Each Gas Bag contains 34grams in a sachet and releases 11 grams of phosphine gas. Thesachets, or Gas Bags, are packaged in metal containers of six,ten or one hundred gas bags to the container. Other packagesizes may be available. The Gas Bags are packaged in an inertenvironment.Upon exposure to air, WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets, Pellets, and GasBags begin to react with atmospheric moisture to produce smallquantities of phosphine gas. This reaction starts slowly, gradual-ly accelerates and then tapers off again as the aluminum phos-phide is spent. WEEVIL-CIDE® Pellets and Tablets reactsomewhat faster than do the Gas Bags. The rates of decompo-sition of the Tablets, Pellets and Gas Bags will vary dependingupon moisture and temperature conditions. For example, whenmoisture and temperature of the fumigated commodity are high,decomposition of WEEVIL-CIDE® may be complete in less than3 days. However, at lower ambient temperatures and humiditylevels, decomposition of WEEVIL-CIDE® may require 5 days ormore. After decomposition, WEEVIL-CIDE® leaves a gray-whitepowder composed almost entirely of aluminum hydroxide andother approved inert ingredients. This will cause no problems ifthe fumigant has been added directly to a commodity such asgrain. However, the spent powder must usually be retrieved fordisposal after space fumigations. If properly exposed, the spentWEEVIL-CIDE® will normally contain only a small amount of unre-acted aluminum phosphide and may be disposed of without haz-ard. While WEEVIL-CIDE® is not considered a hazardous waste,partially spent residual dusts from incompletely exposedWEEVIL-CIDE® will require special care. Precautions and instruc-tions for further deactivation and disposal are given in Section 24of this Applicator’s Manual.WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets, Pellets and Gas Bags are supplied ingas-tight containers and their shelf life is unlimited as long as thepackaging remains intact. Once opened for fumigation, the alu-minum flasks of Tablets or Pellets may be tightly resealed andstored for future use. The WEEVIL-CIDE Gas Bags containercannot be resealed for future use. Storage and handling instruc-tions will be given in detail later in Sections 18 and 24 of theApplicator’s Manual.
SECTION 4
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
4.1 HAZARDS TO HUMANS AND DOMESTIC ANIMALSDANGER: Aluminum phosphide from WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets,Pellets, Gas Bags or dust may be fatal if swallowed. Do not getin eyes, on skin or on clothing. Do not eat, drink or smoke whilehandling aluminum phosphide fumigants. If a sealed container isopened, or if the material comes into contact with moisture,water or acids, these products will release phosphine which is anextremely toxic gas. If a garlic odor is detected, refer to theIndustrial Hygiene Monitoring in Section 14.7 of this Applicator’s
Manual for appropriate monitoring procedures. Pure phosphinegas is odorless; the garlic odor is due to a contaminant. Sincethe odor of phosphine may not be detected under some circum-stances, the absence of a garlic odor does not mean that dan-gerous levels of phosphine gas are absent. Observe properreentry procedures specified in Section 14 to prevent over-exposure.
4.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL HAZARDSAluminum phosphide in Tablets, Pellets, Gas Bags and partiallyspent dust will release phosphine if exposed to moisture from theair or if it comes into contact with water, acids and many otherliquids. Since phosphine may ignite spontaneously at levelsabove its lower flammable limit of 1.8% v/v, it is important not toexceed this concentration. Ignition of high concentrations ofphosphine can produce a very energetic reaction. Explosionscan occur under these conditions and may cause severe person-al injury. Never allow the buildup of phosphine to exceedexplosive concentrations. Do not confine spent or partiallyspent metal phosphide fumigants as the slow release of phos-phine from this material may result in formation of an explosiveatmosphere. Aluminum phosphide Tablets, Pellets and GasBags outside the containers should not be stacked or piled upor contacted with liquid water. This may cause a temperatureincrease, increase the rate of gas production and confine the gasso that ignition could occur.It is preferable to open containers of aluminum phosphide prod-ucts in open air because under certain conditions, they may flashupon opening. Containers may also be opened near a fan orother appropriate ventilation that will rapidly exhaust contami-nated air. When opening, invert the container several times thenpoint the container away from the face and body and slowlyloosen the cap. Although the chances for a flash are very remote,never open these containers in a flammable atmosphere. Theseprecautions will also reduce the fumigator's exposure to phos-phine gas. Containers may be opened inside the structure to befumigated provided worker's exposure to phosphine gas doesnot exceed allowable limits.Pure phosphine gas is practically insoluble in water, fats and oils,and is stable at normal fumigation temperatures. However, it mayreact with certain metals and cause corrosion, especially at high-er temperatures and relative humidities. Metals such as copper,brass and other copper alloys, and precious metals such as goldand silver are susceptible to corrosion by phosphine. Thus, smallelectric motors, smoke detectors, brass sprinkler heads, batter-ies and battery chargers, fork lifts, temperature monitoring sys-tems, switching gears, communication devices, computers,calculators and other electrical equipment should be protectedor removed before fumigation. Phosphine will also react with cer-tain metallic salts and, therefore, sensitive items such as photo-graphic film, some inorganic pigments, etc., should not beexposed. Immediately after addition of phosphine to the struc-ture, turn off any lights and unessential electric equipment.
DIRECTIONS FOR USEIt is a violation of federal law to use this product in a mannerinconsistent with its labeling.WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets, Pellets and Gas Bags are Restricted UsePesticides due to the acute inhalation toxicity of phosphine gas.Read and follow the label and the Applicator’s Manual, whichcontains complete instructions for the safe use of the pesticide.Additional copies of this Manual are available from:
United Phosphorus, Inc.630 Freedom Business Center, Suite 402King of Prussia, PA 19406Telephone: 1 610-491-2800/1-800-438-6071Fax: 1-610-491-2810Web site: www.upi-usa.com
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SECTION 5
PESTS CONTROLLEDWEEVIL-CIDE® has been found to be effective against the follow-ing burrowing pests, insects and their pre-adult stages, that is,eggs, larvae and pupae:almond mothAngoumois grain mothbean weevilbeesCadellecereal leaf beetlecigarette beetleconfused flour beetledermestid beetlesdried fruit beetledried fruit mothEuropean grain mothflat grain beetlefruit fliesgranary weevilgreater wax mothhairy fungus beetleHessian flyIndian meal mothKhapra beetlelesser grain borermaize weevilMediterranean flour mothPea Weevilpink bollwormraisin mothred flour beetlerice weevilrusty grain beetlesaw-toothed grain beetlespider beetletobacco mothyellow meal worm
Africanized bees & honeybees infested with/tracheal mitesChipmunksGround squirrelsMiceMolesNorway ratsPocket gophersPrairie dogs (except Utah prairie dogs, Cynomys Parvidens)Roof ratsVolesWoodchucksYellowbelly marmots (rockchucks)
Although it is possible to achieve total control of the listed bur-rowing and insect pests, this is frequently not realized in actualpractice. Factors contributing to less than 100% control includeleaks, poor gas distribution, unfavorable exposure conditions,etc. In addition, some insects are less susceptible to phosphinethan others. If maximum control is to be attained, extreme caremust be taken in sealing, higher dosages must be used, expo-sure periods lengthened, proper application procedures fol-lowed, and temperature and humidity conditions must befavorable.
SECTION 6
COMMODITIES WHICH MAY BE FUMIGATED WITHWEEVIL-CIDE®
WEEVIL-CIDE® may be used for the fumigation of listed raw agri-cultural commodities, animal feed and feed ingredients,processed foods, tobacco and certain other nonfood items whentheir commodity temperature is above 40 ºF (5 ºC).
6.1 RAW AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, ANIMAL FEEDAND FEED INGREDIENTS
WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets, Pellets and Gas Bags may be addeddirectly to animal feed, feed ingredients and raw agriculturalcommodities stored in bulk. For these commodities not stored inbulk, WEEVIL-CIDE® may be placed in moisture-permeableenvelopes, on trays, etc., and fumigated as with processedfoods.Raw Agricultural Commodities and Animal Feed and FeedIngredients Which May Be Fumigated with WEEVIL-CIDE®
almondsanimal feed & feed ingredientsbarleyBrazil nutscashewscocoa beanscoffee beanscorncottonseeddatesfilbertsflower seedgrass seedmilletoatspeanutspecanspistachio nutspopcornriceryesafflower seedseed & pod vegetablessesame seedsorghumsoybeanssunflower seedstriticalevegetable seedswalnutswheat
6.2 PROCESSED FOODSThe listed processed foods may be fumigated with WEEVIL-CIDE®. Under no condition shall any processed food or baggedcommodity come in contact with WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets, Pelletsor Gas Bags or residual dust except that WEEVIL-CIDE® may beadded directly to processed brewer's rice, malt, and corn gritsfor use in the manufacture of beer.
Processed Foods Which May Be Fumigated With WEEVIL-CIDE®
Processed candy and sugarCereal flours and bakery mixesCereal foods (including cookies, crackers, macaroni, noodles,pasta, pretzels, snack foods and spaghetti)
6
Processed cereals (including milled fractions and packagedcereals)Cheese and cheese byproductsChocolate and chocolate products (such as assorted chocolate,chocolate liquor, cocoa, cocoa powder, dark chocolate coatingand milk chocolate products)Processed coffeeCorn gritsCured, dried and processed meat products and dried fishDates and figsDried eggs and egg yolk solidsDried milk, dried powdered milk, nondairy creamers, and nonfatdried milkDried or dehydrated fruits (such as apples, dates, figs, peaches,pears, prunes, raisins, citrus and sultanas)Processed herbs, spices, seasonings and condimentsMaltProcessed nuts (such as almonds, apricot kernels, brazil nuts,cashews, filberts, macadamia nuts, peanuts, pecans, pistachionuts, walnuts and other processed nuts)Processed oats (including oatmeal)Rice (brewer's rice grits, enriched and polished)Soybean flour and milled fractionsProcessed teaDried and dehydrated vegetables (such as beans, carrots, lentils,peas, potato flour, potato products and spinach)Yeast (including primary yeast)Wild riceOther processed foods
6.3 NONFOOD COMMODITIES, INCLUDING TOBACCOThe listed nonfood items that may be fumigated with WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets, Pellets, Gas Bags or residual dust should not con-tact tobacco and certain other nonfood commodities.
Nonfood Commodities Which May Be Fumigated With WEEVIL-CIDE®
Processed or unprocessed cotton, wool and other natural fibersor cloth, clothingStraw and hayFeathersHuman hair, rubberized hair, vulcanized hair, mohairLeather products, animal hides and fursTires (for mosquito control)TobaccoWood, cut trees, wood chips, wood and bamboo productsPaper and paper productsDried plants and flowersSeeds (such as grass seed, ornamental herbaceous plant seedand vegetable seed)Other nonfood commodities
SECTION 7
EXPOSURE CONDITIONSThe following table may be used as a guide in determining theminimum length of the exposure period at the indicatedtemperatures:
Minimum Exposure Periods for WEEVIL-CIDE®
The fumigation must be long enough so as to provide for ade-quate control of the insect pests that infest the commodity beingtreated. Additionally, the fumigation period should be longenough to allow for more or less complete reaction of WEEVIL-CIDE® with moisture so that little or no unreacted aluminumphosphide remains. This will minimize worker exposures duringfurther storage and/or processing of the treated bulk commodi-ty as well as reduce hazards during the disposal of partially spentaluminum phosphide products remaining after space fumiga-tions. The proper length of the fumigation period will vary withexposure conditions since, in general, insects are more difficultto control at lower temperatures, and the rate of phosphine gasproduction by WEEVIL-CIDE® is lower at lower temperatures andhumidities.It should be noted that there is little to be gained by extendingthe exposure period if the structure to be fumigated has not beencarefully sealed or if the distribution of gas is poor and insectsare not subjected to lethal concentrations of phosphine. Carefulsealing is required to ensure that adequate gas levels areretained and proper application procedures must be followed toprovide satisfactory distribution of phosphine gas. Application ofadditional WEEVIL-CIDE® is recommended if the concentrationof phosphine drops below an effective level. If reentry into thetreated structure is required, follow the requirements for respira-tory protection usage found in Section 10 of this Manual. Somestructures can only be treated when completely tarped while oth-ers cannot be properly sealed by any means and should not befumigated. Exposure times must be lengthened to allow for pen-etration of gas throughout the commodity when the fumigant isnot uniformly added to the commodity mass, for example, bysurface application or shallow probing. This is particularly impor-tant in the fumigation of bulk commodities contained in largestorage areas.Remember, exposure periods recommended in the table areminimum periods and may not be adequate to control all storedproducts pests under all conditions nor will they always providefor total reaction of WEEVIL-CIDE®.It is permissible and often desirable to use a low-flow recircula-tion system for phosphine gas in certain bulk storages. Thismethod may be used in ship’s holds, various types of flat stor-age and vertical storage bins. Please contact United Phosphorusif assistance is required in designing recirculation systems.Recirculation usually involves the application of fumigant to thesurface of the commodity. The phosphine gas is then continu-ously or intermittently drawn out of the over-space and blowninto the bottom of the storage using specially designed low vol-ume fans and duct work. This method facilitates the quick anduniform penetration of phosphine gas throughout the commod-ity. In some instances a reduced dosage may be used.
Temperature Pellets Tablets Gas Bags
40°F (5°C) Do not fumigate Do not fumigate Do not fumigate
40°- 53°F (5-12°C)
8 days (192 hours)
10 days (240 hours)
14 days (336 hours)
54°- 59°F (12-15°C)
4 days (96 hours)
5 days (120 hours)
9 days (216 hours)
60°- 68°F (16-20°C)
3 days (72 hours)
4 days (96 hours)
6 days (144 hours)
above 68°F(20°C)
2 days (48 hours)
3 days (72 hours)
4 days (96 hours)
above 77°F(25°C)
--- --- 3 days (72 hours)
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SECTION 8
DOSAGE RATE GUIDELINESRecommended and Maximum Allowable Dosage RatesPhosphine is a mobile gas and will penetrate to all parts of the storage structure. Therefore, dosage must be based upon the totalvolume of the space being treated and not on the amount of commodity it contains. The same amount of WEEVIL-CIDE® is requiredto treat a 30,000-bushel silo whether it is empty or full of grain unless, of course, a tarpaulin seals off the surface of the commodi-ty. The following dosage ranges are recommended for bulk (per 1,000 bushels) and space fumigations (per 1,000 cu.ft.):
8.1 RECOMMENDED WEEVIL-CIDE® DOSAGE RATES FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF FUMIGATIONOne (1) WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablet and five (5) Pellets will produce a concentration of 25 parts per million (ppm) of phosphine gas (PH3)in a volume of 1,000 cu. ft. (1 g PH3/1,000 cu. ft. equivalent to 25 ppm). One (1) WEEVIL-CIDE ® Gas Bag will produce a concentra-tion of 275 parts per million (11 g PH3/1,000 cu. ft. equivalent to 275 ppm).Although it is permissible to use the maximum dosage listed in Section 8.2, the following table lists a range of recommended dosageswhich can be used as a guideline for various types of fumigation.When a dosage range is recommended, use the higher rate under conditions of severe infestation, lower temperature and otherapplicable variables.
Dosage Range
Higher dosages are recommended in structures that are of loose construction and in the fumigation of bulk stored commodities inwhich diffusion will be slowed and result in poor distribution of phosphine gas.
Type of Fumigation No. of Pellets No. of Tablets No. of Gas Bags
1. Vertical Storages (such as silos, concrete bins, steel bins,tanks, etc.)
200-375/1000 bu.150-300/1000 cu.ft.
40-75/1000 bu.30-60/1000 cu.ft.
4-7/1000 bu.3-6/1000 cu.ft.
2. Farm Bins (Butler Type)450-900/1000 bu.350-725/1000 cu.ft.
90-180/1000 bu.70-145/1000 cu.ft.
8-16/1000 bu.6-13/1000 cu.ft.
3. Bulk stored commodities in flat storage, bunkers and com-modities stored on ground loosely piled under gas tightcovering.
300-900/1000 bu.250-725/1000 cu.ft.
60-180/1000 bu.50-145/1000 cu.ft.
6-16/1000 bu.5-13/1000 cu.ft.
4. Packaged commodities (bagged grain, process foods, etc.)in sealable enclosures.
150-300/1000 cu.ft. 30-60/1000 cu.ft. 3-6/1000 cu.ft.
5. Nuts, dates or dried fruit in storage boxes. 100-200/1000 cu.ft. 20-40/1000 cu.ft. 2-4/1000 cu.ft.
6. Nuts, dates or dried fruit in bulk. 100-200/1000 cu.ft. 20-40/1000 cu.ft. 2-4/1000 cu.ft.
7. Railcars, containers, trucks, vans and other transportvehicles
200-400/1000 bu.150-325/1000 cu.ft.
40-80/1000 bu.30-65/1000 cu.ft.
4-7/1000 bu.3-6/1000 cu.ft.
8. Space fumigation such as cereal mills, feed mills, food pro-cessing plants & warehouses
100-300/1000 cu.ft. 20-60/1000 cu.ft. 2-6/1000 cu.ft.
9. Stored Tobacco 100-200/1000 cu.ft. 20-40/1000 cu.ft. 2-4/1000 cu.ft.
10. Non-food products 150-450/1000 cu.ft. 30-90/1000 cu.ft. ---
11. Stored beehives, supers and other beekeeping equipmentfor wax moth control and Africanized honeybees with tra-cheal mites and foulbrood.
150-225/1000 cu.ft. 30-45/1000 cu.ft. 3-4/1000 cu. ft.
12. Barges200-500/1000 bu.150-400/1000 cu.ft.
40-100/1000 bu.30-80/1000 cu.ft.
4-9/1000 bu.3-7/1000 cu.ft.
13. Shipholds 200-375/1000 bu.150-330/1000 cu.ft.
40-75/1000 bu.30-66/1000 cu.ft.
4-7/1000 bu.3-6/1000 cu.ft.
14. Commodity in small containers1-2 pellets per 1.4 to 10 cu.ft.
---1 bag per 77-500 cu.ft.
15. Rodent burrows 5-20 per burrow 1-4 per burrow ---
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8.2 MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE DOSAGE GUIDELINES FORFUMIGATION WITH WEEVIL-CIDE®
*NOTE: The Maximum Dosage for dates, nuts and dried fruits is200 pellets, 40 tablets, 4 gas bags/1,000 cu. ft. (250 pellets,50 tablets, 6 gas bags/1,000 bu).The above dosages are not to be exceeded. It is important tobe aware that a shortened exposure period cannot be fully com-pensated for with an increased dosage of phosphine.Somewhat higher dosages, not to exceed the maximum dosage,are usually recommended under cooler, drier conditions or whereexposure periods are relatively short. However, the major factorin selection of dosage is the ability of the structure to hold phos-phine gas during the fumigation. A good illustration of this pointis comparison of the low dosages required to treat modern, well-sealed warehouses with the higher range doses used for poorlyconstructed buildings that cannot be sealed adequately. In cer-tain other fumigations, proper distribution of insecticidal concen-trations of gas to reach all parts of the structure becomes a veryimportant factor in dose selection. An example where this mayoccur is in the treatment of grain stored in tall silos. Poor gas dis-tribution frequently results when the fumigant is added on top ofthe grain. In such cases, use of a low flow recirculation systemis recommended under these circumstances. Please contactUnited Phosphorus if assistance is required in designing therecirculation system.
SECTION 9
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
9.1 GLOVESWear dry gloves of cotton or other material if contact with tablets,pellets, or dust is likely. Gloves should remain dry during use.Wash hands thoroughly after handling aluminum phosphideproducts. Aerate used gloves and other clothing that may becontaminated in a well-ventilated area prior to laundering.
SECTION 10
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
10.1 WHEN RESPIRATORY PROTECTION MUST BE WORNNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health/MineSafety and Health Administration (NIOSH/MSHA) approved res-piratory protection must be worn during exposure to concentra-tions in excess of permitted limits or when concentrations areunknown. Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) must beworn during entry into sites that are under fumigation if the con-centration of phosphine is unknown or known to exceed theshort-term exposure limit (STEL) for phosphine (1 ppm for 15minutes).
10.2 PERMISSIBLE GAS CONCENTRATION RANGES FORRESPIRATORY PROTECTION DEVICES
A NIOSH/MSHA approved full-face gas mask - phosphine can-ister combination may be used at levels up to 15 ppm or follow-ing manufacturer’s use conditions instructions for escape.Above 15 ppm or in situations where the phosphine concentra-tion is unknown, a NIOSH/MSHA approved, self-containedbreathing apparatus (SCBA) must be worn. The NIOSH/OSHA
Pocket Guide DHHS (NIOSH) 97-140 or the NIOSH ALERT –Preventing Phosphine Poisoning and Explosions DuringFumigation lists these and other types of approved respiratorsand the concentration limits at which they may be used.
10.3 REQUIREMENTS FOR AVAILABILITY OF RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
If WEEVIL-CIDE® is to be applied from within the structure to befumigated, an approved full-face gas mask - phosphine canistercombination or SCBA or its equivalent must be available at thesite of application in case it is needed. SCBA or its equivalentmust be available locally if it is not available at the fumigationsite.Respiratory protection need not be available for applicationsfrom outside the area to be fumigated such as addition of tabletsor pellets to automatic dispensing devices, outdoor applications,etc., if exposures above the permitted exposure limits will not beencountered.If monitoring equipment is not available on a farm and applica-tion of WEEVIL-CIDE® fumigant cannot be made from outside thestructure, an approved canister respirator must be worn duringapplication from within the structure being treated. However, ifentry into an on-farm structure that is under fumigation isrequired, you must wear a SCBA if the gas concentration isunknown or above the permissible limits.
SECTION 11
REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTIFIED APPLICATOR’SPRESENCE AND TRAINING FOR RECEIPT OF IN-TRANSIT
VEHICLES UNDER FUMIGATION
11.1 The requirements for the presence of a CertifiedApplicator and their responsibility for all workers areas follows:
1. A Certified Applicator must be physically present, responsiblefor, and maintain visual and/or voice contact with all fumiga-tion workers during the application of the fumigant. Once theapplication is complete and the structure has been madesecure the certified applicator does not need to be physicallypresent at the site.
2. A Certified Applicator must be physically present, responsiblefor and maintain visual and/or voice contact with all fumiga-tion workers during the initial opening of the fumigation struc-ture for aeration. Once the aeration process is secured andmonitoring has established that aeration can be completedsafely the certified applicator does not need to be physicallypresent and trained person(s) can complete the process andremove the placards.
3. Persons with documented training in the handling ofPhosphine products must be responsible for receiving, aerat-ing and removal of placards from vehicles, which have beenfumigated in transit. Refer to Section 11.2 for trainingrequirements.
11.2 The requirements for authorized training for receipt ofin-transit vehicles under fumigation are as follows:
The trained person(s) must be trained by a Certified Applicatorfollowing the EPA accepted product applicator’s manual thatmust precede or be attached to the outside of a transport vehi-cle; or by other training which is accepted by local and or stateauthorities. When training has been completed and the employ-ee demonstrates safety knowledge proficiency, the training datemust be logged and maintained in the employee’s safety trainingrecord for a minimum of three years. Refresher training must bedone on an annual basis.This training must cover the following items, each of which maybe found in this manual:
Product No. per 1000 cu.ft.* No. per 1000 bu.*
Pellets 725 900
Tablets 145 180
Gas Bags 13 16
9
a. How to aerate the vehicle and verify that it contains no morethan 0.3-ppm phosphine.
ORb. How to transfer the commodity to another storage area with-
out prior aeration and ensure that worker safety limits are notbeing exceeded during the transfer.
c. How to determine when respiratory protection must be worn.d. How to protect workers and nearby persons from exposure to
levels above the 8-hour time weighted average (TWA) of0.3 ppm or the 15 minute TWA short-term exposure limit(STEL) of 1.0 ppm phosphine.
e. Proper removal of placards from the vehicle.f. How to follow proper residual disposal instruction.
SECTION 12
GAS DETECTION EQUIPMENTThere are a number of devices on the market for the measure-ment of phosphine gas at both industrial hygiene and fumigationlevels. Glass detection tubes used in conjunction with the appro-priate hand-operated air sampling pumps are widely used.These devices are portable, simple to use, do not require exten-sive training and are relatively rapid, inexpensive and accurate.Electronic devices are also available for both low level and highphosphine gas readings. Such devices should be used in fullcompliance with manufacturers’ recommendations.
SECTION 13
NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS
13.1 AUTHORITIES AND ON-SITE WORKERSAs required by local regulations, notify the appropriate local offi-cials (fire department, police department, etc.) of the impendingfumigation. Provide to the officials an MSDS and an Applicator’sManual for the product and any other technical informationdeemed useful. Offer to review this information with the localofficial(s).
13.2 INCIDENTS INVOLVING THESE PRODUCTSRegistrants must be informed of any incident involving the useof this product. Please call 1-800-438-6071 so UnitedPhosphorus Inc. can report the incident as per requirements ofOSHA CFR 29.
13.3 THEFT OF PRODUCTSImmediately report to the local police department thefts of metalphosphide fumigants.
SECTION 14
APPLICATOR AND WORKER EXPOSURE
14.1 EXPOSURE LIMITSExposure to phosphine must not exceed the 8-hour TWA (TimeWeighted Average) of 0.3 ppm or the 15 minute TWA short-termexposure limit (STEL) of 1.0 ppm phosphine. All persons are cov-ered by these exposure standards.
14.2 APPLICATION OF FUMIGANTAt least two persons, a certified applicator and trained person,or two trained persons under the direct supervision of the certi-fied applicator must be present during fumigation of structureswhen entry into the structure for application of the fumigant isrequired. Depending upon temperature and humidity, WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets, Pellets and Gas Bags release phosphinegas slowly upon exposure to moisture from the air. In mostcases, this release is slow enough to permit applicators todeposit fumigant in the desired areas and then vacate the prem-
ises without significant exposure to the gas. If the fumigator'sexposure exceeds the allowable limits, approved respiratoryprotection must be worn.
14.3 LEAKAGE FROM FUMIGATED SITESPhosphine is highly mobile and given enough time may pene-trate seemingly gas-tight materials such as concrete and cinderblock. Therefore, adjacent, enclosed areas likely to be occupiedshould be examined to ensure that significant leakage has notoccurred. Sealing of the fumigated site and/or airflow in theoccupied areas must be sufficient to bring down the phosphineconcentration to a safe level of 0.3 ppm or below.
14.4 AERATION AND REENTRYIf the structure is to be entered after fumigation, it must be aer-ated until the level of phosphine gas is 0.3 ppm or below. Thearea or site must be monitored to ensure that liberation of gasfrom the treated commodity does not result in the developmentof unacceptable levels i.e., over industrial hygiene levels of phos-phine. Do not allow reentry into treated structures by any personbefore the level of phosphine reaches 0.3 ppm or below unlessprotected by an approved respirator.
14.5 HANDLING UNAERATED COMMODITIESTransfer of incompletely aerated commodity via bulk handlingequipment such as augers, drag conveyors and conveyor beltsto a new storage structure is permissible. A Certified Applicatoris responsible for training workers who handle the transfer ofincompletely aerated listed commodities, and appropriate meas-ures must be taken (i.e., ventilation or respiratory protection) toprevent exposures from exceeding the exposure limits for phos-phine. The new storage structure must be placarded if it containsmore than 0.3 ppm phosphine. If the fumigation structure mustbe entered to complete the transfer, at least two trained persons,wearing proper respiratory protection may enter the structure. Acertified applicator must be physically present during the entryinto the structure.REMEMBER transporting containers or vehicles under fumiga-tion over public roads is prohibited.
14.6 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE MONITORINGPhosphine exposures must be documented in an operations logor manual at each fumigation site and operation where expo-sures may occur. Monitor airborne phosphine concentrations inall indoor areas to which fumigators and other workers have hadaccess during fumigation and aeration. Perform such monitoringin workers’ breathing zones. This monitoring is mandatory and isperformed to determine when and where respiratory protectionis required. Once exposures have been adequately character-ized, spot checks must be made, especially if conditions changesignificantly or if an unexpected garlic odor is detected or achange in phosphine level is suspected.
14.7 ENGINEERING CONTROLS AND WORK PRACTICESIf monitoring shows that workers may be exposed to concentra-tions in excess of the permitted limits, then engineering controls(such as forced air ventilation) and/or appropriate work practicesmust be used to reduce exposure to within permitted limits. Inany case, appropriate respiratory protection must be worn ifphosphine exposure limits are exceeded.
SECTION 15
PLACARDING OF FUMIGATED AREASAll entrances to the fumigated structure must be placarded.Placards must be made of substantial material that can beexpected to withstand adverse weather conditions and mustbear the wording as follows:1. The signal word DANGER/PELIGRO and the SKULL AND
CROSSBONES symbol in red.
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2. The statement "Area/Structure and/or commodity under fumi-gation, DO NOT ENTER/NO ENTRE".
3. The Statement, "This sign may only be removed by a certifiedapplicator or a person with documented training after thecommodity is completely aerated (contains 0.3 ppm or less ofphosphine gas). If incompletely aerated commodity is trans-ferred to a new structure, the new structure must also be plac-arded if it contains more than 0.3 ppm. Worker exposureduring this transfer must not exceed allowable limits”.
4. The date the fumigation begins.5. Trade name of the fumigant used and EPA Registration
Number.6. Name, address and telephone number of the fumigation com-
pany and/or applicator.7. A 24-hour emergency response telephone number.All entrances to a fumigated structure must be placarded. Wherepossible, placards should be placed in advance of the fumiga-tion to keep unauthorized persons away. For railroad hoppercars, placards must be placed on both sides of the car near theladders and next to the top hatches into which the fumigant isintroduced.Do not remove placards until the treated commodity is aerateddown to 0.3 ppm phosphine or less. To determine whether aer-ation is complete, each fumigated structure or vehicle must bemonitored and shown to contain 0.3 ppm or less phosphine gasin the air space around and, if feasible, in the mass of thecommodity.
SECTION 16
SEALING OF STRUCTURESThe structure to be fumigated must first be inspected to deter-mine if it can be made sufficiently gas tight. Careful sealing isrequired so that adequate gas levels are retained. Turn off all ven-tilation, supply air, air conditioning, and any other air moving sys-tems which could negatively affect the fumigation. Thoroughlyinspect the structure to be fumigated and seal cracks, holes andopenings. These areas could include, but are not limited to: win-dows, doors, vents, chimneys, open pipes and structural flaws.Sealing techniques can vary, but most often include polyethyl-ene sheeting, adhesive tapes and adhesive sprays. Expandablefoam or caulking material can work well on structural flaws.Proper sealing will insure sufficient gas levels within the fumigat-ed structure and will decrease the chance of unwanted expo-sures outside of the fumigated area.As with all fumigations, it is required that sealing be inspected forleaks. If phosphine above 0.3 ppm is found in an area whereexposure to workers or bystanders may occur, the fumigator,using proper respiratory protection equipment must attempt toseal the leak from the exterior of the structure. Failing this, thefumigators, following proper procedures to prevent accidentalpoisoning, may enter the structure and seal the leaks from theinterior. If the concentration inside the structure has decreasedbelow the target level as a result of the leakage, additional fumi-gant may be added following the sealing repairs.DO NOT FUMIGATE A STRUCTURE THAT CANNOT BESEALED SUFFICIENTLY GAS-TIGHT.
SECTION 17
AERATION OF FUMIGATED COMMODITIESAs an alternative to the aeration time periods listed below, eachcontainer of the treated commodity may be analyzed for residuesusing accepted analytical methods.
17.1 FOODS AND FEEDSTolerances for phosphine residues have been established at0.1 ppm for animal feeds and 0.01 ppm for processed foods.To guarantee compliance with these tolerances, it is necessaryto aerate these commodities for a minimum of 48 hours prior tooffering them to the end consumer.
17.2 NON-FOOD COMMODITIESAerate all non-food commodities to 0.3 ppm or less of phos-phine. Monitor densely packed commodities to ensure that aer-ation is complete.
17.3 TOBACCOTobacco must be aerated for at least three days (72 hours) whenfumigated in hogsheads and for at least two days (48 hours)when fumigated in other containers or until concentration isbelow 0.3 ppm. When plastic liners are used, longer aerationperiods will probably be required to aerate the commodity downto 0.3 ppm.
SECTION 18
STORAGE INSTRUCTIONSWEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets, Pellets and Gas Bags must be stored ina dry, well-ventilated area away from heat, under lock and key.Post as a pesticide storage area. Do not contaminate food, wateror feed by storing pesticides in the same areas used to storethese commodities. Do not store in buildings where humans ordomestic animals may reside. Keep out of reach of children.
18.1 LABELING OF STORAGEThe labeling of the storage area should take into account theneeds of a variety of organizations. These should include, but notbe limited to: corporate policy, insurance carrier, OccupationalSafety and Health Administration (OSHA), Emergency Planningand Community Right to Know and local emergency responseprofessionals. At a minimum, the storage must be marked withthe following signs and should be locked:1. Danger, Poison (with skull and cross bones)2. Authorized Personnel Only3. Pesticide Storage NFPA Hazard Identification SymbolsThe National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) has developedHazard Identification Symbols. This standardized system isdesigned to provide, at a glance, the information regarding thehealth, fire and reactivity hazards associated with hazardousmaterials. The following are the hazard categories and degree ofhazard for aluminum phosphide:
NOTE: When using the NFPA Hazard Identification System, thecharacteristics of all hazardous materials stored in a particulararea must be considered. The local fire protection district shouldbe consulted for guidance on the selection and placement ofsuch signs.
Category Degree of Hazard
Health 4 (Severe Hazard)
Flammability 4 (Severe Hazard)
Reactivity 2 (Moderate)
Special Notice Key W
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SECTION 19
TRANSPORTATION INSTRUCTIONSThe United States Department of Transportation (DOT) classifiesaluminum phosphide as Dangerous When Wet material and itmust be transported in accordance with DOT regulations.
19.1 TRANSPORT DESIGNATIONSThe following transport designations apply to aluminumphosphide:Proper Shipping Name: Aluminum phosphideHazard Class: 4.3Identification No.: UN 1397Packing Group: PG IShipping Label: Dangerous When Wet/PoisonShipping Placard: Dangerous When Wet
19.2 TRANSPORTATION EXEMPTIONExemption: DOT-E 13307Purpose and Limitation: “…The motor vehicles used under theterms of this exemption are not required to be placarded…”Modes of Transportation Authorized: Motor vehicle (Only privatemotor vehicles used in pest control operations are authorized totransport the packages covered by the terms of this exemption.)NOTE: You must have a copy of this exemption with youduring transportation. For a copy of this exemption contact United Phosphorus, Inc., Telephone: 1-800-438-6071, Fax: 1-610-491-2810.
SECTION 20
FUMIGATION MANAGEMENT PLANThe certified applicator is responsible for working with the own-ers and/or responsible employees of the site to be fumigated todevelop and follow a Fumigation Management Plan (FMP). TheFMP is intended to ensure a safe and effective fumigation. TheFMP must address characterization of the site, and includeappropriate monitoring and notification requirements, consistentwith, but not limited to, the following:1. Inspect the site to determine its suitability for fumigation.2. When sealing is required, consult previous records for any
changes to the structure, seal leaks, and monitor any occu-pied adjacent buildings to ensure safety.
3. Prior to each fumigation, review any existing FMP, MSDS,Applicator’s Manual and other relevant safety procedures withcompany officials and appropriate employees.
4. Consult company officials in the development of proceduresand appropriate safety measures for nearby workers that willbe in and around the area during application and aeration.
5. Consult with company officials to develop an appropriatemonitoring plan that will confirm that nearby workers andbystanders are not exposed to levels above the allowed limitsduring application, fumigation and aeration. This plan mustalso demonstrate that nearby residents will not be exposed toconcentrations above the allowable limits.
6. Consult with company officials to develop procedures for localauthorities to notify nearby residents in the event of anemergency.
7. Confirm the placement of placards to secure entrance into anystructure under fumigation.
8. Confirm the required safety equipment is in place and the nec-essary manpower is available to complete a safe effectivefumigation.
9. Written notification must be provided to the receiver of a vehi-cle that is fumigated in transit.
These factors must be considered in putting together an FMP. Itis important to note that some plans will be more comprehensivethan others. All plans should reflect the experience and expert-ise of the applicator and circumstances at and around the site.In addition to the plan, the applicator must read the entire labeland the Applicator’s Manual and must follow its directions care-fully. If the applicator has any questions about the developmentof a FMP, contact United Phosphorus, Inc. for further assistance.The FMP and related documentation, including monitoringrecords, must be maintained for a minimum of 2 years.
GUIDANCE FOR PREPARATION OF A FUMIGATIONMANAGEMENT PLAN
20.1 PURPOSEA Fumigation Management Plan (FMP) is an organized, writtendescription of the required steps involved to help ensure a safe,legal, and effective fumigation. It will also assist you and othersin complying with pesticide product label requirements. Theguidance that follows is designed to help assist you in address-ing all the necessary factors involved in preparing for and fumi-gating a site.This guidance is intended to help you organize any fumigationthat you might perform PRIOR TO ACTUAL TREATMENT. It ismeant to be somewhat prescriptive, yet flexible enough to allowthe experience and expertise of the fumigator to make changesbased on circumstances which may exist in the field. By follow-ing a step-by-step procedure, yet allowing for flexibility, safe andeffective fumigation can be performed.Before any fumigation begins, carefully read and review the labeland the Applicator’s Manual. This information must also be givento the appropriate company officials (supervisors, foreman, safe-ty officer, etc.) in charge of the site. Preparation is the key to anysuccessful fumigation. If you do not find specific instructions forthe type of fumigation that you are to perform listed in thisGuidance Document, you will want to construct a similar set ofprocedures using this document as your guide or contact UnitedPhosphorus for assistance. Finally, before any fumigation beginsyou must be familiar with and comply with all applicable federal,state and local laws. The success and future of fumigation arenot only dependent on your ability to do your job but also bycarefully following all rules, regulations, and procedures requiredby governmental agencies.
20.2 A CHECKLIST GUIDE FOR A FUMIGATIONMANAGEMENT PLAN
This checklist is provided to help you take into account factorsthat must be addressed prior to performing all fumigations. Itemphasizes safety steps to protect people and property. Thechecklist is general in nature and cannot be expected to apply toall types of fumigation situations. It is to be used as a guide toprepare the required plan. Each item must be considered.
A. PRELIMINARY PLANNING AND PREPARATION1. Determine the purpose of the fumigation.
a. Elimination of insect infestationb. Elimination of rodent infestationc. Plant pest quarantine.
2. Determine the type of fumigation, for examplea. Space: tarp, mill, warehouse, food plantb. Vehicle: railcar, truck, van, containerc. Commodity: raw agricultural or processed foodsd. Type of Storage: vertical silo, farm storage, flat storagee. Vessels: ship or barge. In addition to the Applicator’s
Manual, read the US Coast Guard Regulations 46 CFR147A.
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3. Fully acquaint yourself with the site and commodity to befumigated, including.a. The general structure layout, construction (materials,
design, age, maintenance) of the structure, fire or com-bustibility hazards, connecting structures and escaperoutes, above and below ground, and other unique hazardsor structure characteristics. Prepare, with the owner/opera-tor/person in charge. Draw or have a drawing or sketch ofstructure to be fumigated, delineating features, hazards,and other structural issues.
b. The number and identification of persons who routinelyenter the area to be fumigated (i.e., employees, visitors,customers, etc.)
c. The specific commodity to be fumigated, its mode of stor-age, and its condition.
d. The previous treatment history of the commodity, ifavailable.
e. Accessibility of utility service connections.f. Nearest telephone or other means of communication, and
mark the location of these items on the drawing/sketch.g. Emergency shut-off stations for electricity water and gas.
Mark the location of these items on the drawing/sketch.h. Current emergency telephone numbers of local Health, Fire,
Police, Hospital and Physician responders.i. Name and phone number (both day and night) of appropri-
ate company officials.j. Check, mark and prepare the points of fumigation applica-
tion locations if the job involves entry into the structure forfumigation.
k. Review labeling and Applicator’s Manual.l. Exposure time considerations.
1. Product (Tablet, Pellet or Gas Bag) to be used.2. Minimum fumigation period, as defined and described in
the use directions of the Applicator’s Manual.3. Down time required to be available4. Aeration requirements5. Cleanup requirements, including dry or wet deactivation
methods, equipment, and personnel needs, ifnecessary.
6. Measured and recorded commodity temperature andmoisture.
m. Determination of dosage1. Cubic footage or other appropriate space/location
calculations.2. Structure sealing capability and methods.3. Label recommendations4. Temperature, humidity, wind5. Commodity/space volume6. Past history of fumigation of structure7. Exposure time.
B. PERSONNEL1. Confirm in writing that all personnel in and around the struc-
ture to be fumigated have been notified prior to application ofthe fumigant. Consider using a checklist that each employeeinitials indicating they have been notified.
2. Instruct all fumigation personnel to read the Applicator’sManual and about the hazards that may be encountered andabout the selection of personal protection devices, includingdetection equipment.
3. Confirm that all personnel are aware of and know how to pro-ceed in case of an emergency situation.
4. Instruct all personnel on how to report any accident and/orincidents related to fumigant exposure. Provide a telephonenumber for emergency response reporting.
5. Instruct all personnel to report to proper authorities any theftof fumigant and/or equipment related to fumigation.
6. Establish a meeting area for all personnel in case ofemergency.
C. MONITORING1. Safety
a. Monitoring of phosphine conditions must be conducted inareas to prevent excessive exposure and to determinewhere exposure may occur. Document where monitoringwill occur.
b. Keep a log or manual of monitoring records for each fumi-gation site. This log must at a minimum contain the timing,number of readings taken and level of concentrations foundin each location.
c. When monitoring, document even if there is no phosphinepresent above the safe levels. In such cases, subsequentmonitoring is not routinely required. However spot checksmust be made occasionally, especially if conditions signifi-cantly change.
d. Monitoring must be conducted during aeration and correc-tive action taken if gas levels exceed the allowed levels inan area where bystanders and/or nearby residents ordomestic animals may be exposed.
2. Efficacya. Phosphine readings should be taken from within the fumi-
gated structure to insure proper gas concentrations. If thephosphine levels have fallen below the targeted level, thefumigators, following proper entry procedures may reenterthe structure and add additional product.
b. All phosphine readings should be documented.
D. NOTIFICATION1. Confirm the appropriate local authorities (fire departments,
police departments, etc.) have been notified as per labelinstructions, local ordinances , or instructions of the client.
2. Prepare written procedure (“Emergency Response Plan”)which contains explicit instructions, names, and telephonenumbers so as to be able to notify local authorities if phos-phine levels are exceeded in an area that could be dangerousto bystanders and or domestic animals.
3. Confirm that the receivers of in-transit vehicles under fumiga-tion have been notified and are trained according to Section11 of this applicator manual.
E. SEALING PROCEDURES1. Sealing must be adequate to control the pests. Care should
be taken to insure that sealing materials will remain intact untilthe fumigation is complete.
2. If the site has been fumigated before, review the previous FMPfor previous sealing information.
3. Make sure that construction/remodeling has not changed thebuilding in a manner that will affect the fumigation.
4. Warning placards must be placed on every possible entranceto the fumigation site.
F. APPLICATION PROCEDURES AND FUMIGATION PERIOD1. Plan carefully and apply the product in accordance with the
label requirements.2. When entering into the area under fumigation always work
with two or more people under the direct supervision of a cer-tified applicator wearing appropriate respirators.
3. Apply fumigant from the outside where appropriate.
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4. Provide watchmen when entry into the fumigation site byunauthorized persons cannot otherwise be assured.
5. When entering structures always follow OSHA rules for con-fined spaces.
6. Document that the receiver of in-transit vehicles/containersunder fumigation has been notified.
7. Turn off any electric lights in the fumigated area of the struc-ture as well as all nonessential electrical motors.
G. POST-APPLICATION OPERATIONS1. Provide watchmen when you cannot secure the fumigation
site from entry by unauthorized persons during the aerationprocess.
2. Ventilate and aerate in accordance with structural limitations.3. Turn on ventilating or aerating fans where appropriate.4. Use a suitable gas detector before reentry into a fumigated
structure to determine fumigant concentration.5. Keep written records of monitoring to document completion
of aeration.6. Consider temperature when aerating.7. Ensure aeration is complete before moving a treated vehicle
onto public roads.8. Remove warning placards when aeration is complete.9. Inform business/client that employees/other persons may
return to work or otherwise be allowed to reenter the aeratedstructure.
SECTION 21
APPLICATION PROCEDURESAn FMP must be devised to cover application and exposureperiod, aeration and disposal of the fumigant so as to keepto a minimum any human exposures to phosphine and tohelp assure adequate control of the insect pests. The follow-ing instructions are intended to provide general guidelinesfor typical fumigation sites.
21.1 FARM BINSLeakage is the single most important cause of failures in thetreatment of farm storages. Since these storages are often small,they usually have a higher leakage area in proportion to theircapacity. Most wooden storage structures are so porous thatthey cannot be successfully fumigated unless they are com-pletely tarped. Do not fumigate a storage that will be entered byhumans or animals prior to aeration. Do not fumigate areas whichhouse sensitive equipment containing copper or other metalslikely to be corroded by phosphine gas.1. Read the label, Applicator’s Manual, MSDS and related safe-
ty material.2. Inspect the bin to determine if you can fumigate effectively.3. If the bin is located in an area where nearby workers and/or
bystanders or domestic animals would be exposed to phos-phine gas because of leakage from the bin:(i) Develop a monitoring procedure that will confirm if leakage
from the bin is above the allowable limits in an area thatwould affect nearby workers or bystanders.
(ii) Advise local authorities when and where you will be fumi-gating. Provide and review with them the MSDS,Applicator’s Manual and other relevant safety information.
4. If the bin is in an isolated area on private property (i) and (ii)above are not required.
5. Seal the bin as tightly as possible. It is recommended that thesurface of the grain be covered with polyethylene sheets afterWEEVIL-CIDE® has been applied. Tarping the grain surfacewill greatly reduce the leak rate of the gas as well as reduce
the amount of WEEVIL-CIDE® required. Only the volume belowthe tarp must be dosed. If not tarped, the entire volume of thestorage must be treated, whether full or empty.
6. Using the Applicator’s Manual, calculate the dosage ofTablets, Pellets or Gas Bags to be applied based on type ofstructure, its sealing properties, content type, weather, com-modity temperature and moisture content of the commodityand length of fumigation.
7. WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets, Pellets and Gas Bags required for thefumigation may be scattered over the surface. Tablets and pel-lets can be probed into the grain using a rigid PVC pipe about5 to 7 feet in length and having a diameter of 1-1/4 inches. Useabout 20-50 tablets or 100-250 pellets per probe. Probe thedosage uniformly over the surface.
8. Immediately cover the surface of the grain with a plastictarpaulin.
9. Place no more than 25 percent of the total dose at the bottomif the bin is equipped with aeration fans. Caution: Make surethat the aeration duct is dry before adding WEEVIL-CIDE®.Addition of WEEVIL-CIDE® to water in an aeration duct mayresult in a fire.
10. Seal the aeration fan with 4-mil plastic sheeting.11. Place placards on all entrances to the bin and near the ladder.12. Following aeration of the bin, the surface of the grain may besprayed with an approved protectant to discourage reinfesta-tion.Note: If monitoring equipment is not available on a farm andapplication cannot be done from outside of a structure, anapproved canister respirator must be worn during applicationfrom within an enclosed indoor area.
21.2 FLAT STORAGESTreatment of these types of storages often requires considerabletime and physical effort. Therefore, sufficient manpower shouldbe available to complete the work rapidly enough to preventexcessive exposure to phosphine gas. Vent flasks outside thestorage, conduct fumigations during cooler periods, and employother work practices to minimize exposures. It is likely that res-piratory protection will be required during application of fumigantto flat storages. Refer to Section 14 Applicator and WorkerExposure and Section 10 Respiratory Protection.1. Inspect the site to determine its suitability for fumigation.2. Determine if the structure is in an area where leakage during
fumigation or aeration would adversely affect nearby workersor bystanders if concentrations were above the permittedexposure levels.
3. Develop an appropriate Fumigation Management Plan. (Referto FMP guidelines.)
4. Consult previous records for any changes to the structure.Seal vents, cracks and other sources of leaks.
5. Using the Applicator’s Manual, determine the length of thefumigation and calculate the dosage of tablets, pellets or gasbags to be applied based upon volume of the building, con-tents, air and/or commodity temperature and the generaltightness of the structure.
6. Apply tablets, pellets or gas bags by surface application.Tablets and pellets may be applied by shallow probing, deepprobing or uniform addition as the bin is filled.
Storages requiring more than 24 hours to fill should not be treat-ed by addition of fumigant to the commodity stream as largequantities of phosphine may escape before the flat storage iscompletely sealed.Probes should be inserted vertically at intervals along the lengthand width of the flat storage. Pellets or tablets may be droppedinto the probe at intervals as it is withdrawn.
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Surface application may be used if the bin can be made suffi-ciently gas tight to contain the fumigant gas long enough for it topenetrate the commodity. In this instance, it is advisable to placeabout 25 percent of the dosage in the floor level aeration ducts.Check the ducts prior to addition of WEEVIL-CIDE® to make surethat they contain no liquid water.7. Placement of plastic tarp over the surface of the commodity
is often advisable, particularly if the overhead of the storagecannot be well sealed.
8. Lock all entrances to the storage and post fumigation warningplacards.
21.3 VERTICAL STORAGES (concrete upright bins and othersilos in which grain can be rapidly transferred)
1. Inspect the site to determine its suitability for fumigation.2. Determine if the structure is in an area where leakage during
fumigation or aeration would expose nearby workers orbystanders to concentrations above the permitted levels.
3. Develop an appropriate Fumigation Management Plan (Referto FMP guidelines).
4. Consult previous records for any changes to the structure.Close openings and seal cracks to make the structure as air-tight as possible. Prior to the fumigation, seal the vents nearthe bin top which connect to adjacent bins.
5. Using the Applicator’s Manual, determine the length of thefumigation and calculate the dosage of Tablets, Pellets or GasBags to be applied based upon volume of the building, airand/or commodity temperature and the general tightness ofthe structure.
6. Pellets and Tablets may be applied continuously by hand or byan automatic dispenser on the headhouse/gallery belt or intothe fill opening as the commodity is loaded into the bin. Anautomatic dispenser may also be used to add WEEVIL-CIDE®
tablets and pellets into the commodity stream in the up leg ofthe elevator.
7. Seal the bin deck openings after the fumigation has beencompleted.
8. Bins requiring more than 24 hours to fill should not be fumi-gated by continuous addition into the commodity stream.These bins may be fumigated by probing, surface application,or other appropriate means. Exposure periods should belengthened to allow for diffusion of gas to all parts of the bin ifWEEVIL-CIDE® has not been applied uniformly throughout thecommodity mass.
9. Place warning placards on the discharge gate and on allentrances.
21.4 MILLS, FOOD PROCESSING PLANTS AND WAREHOUSES
1. Inspect the site to determine its suitability for fumigation.2. Determine if the structure is in an area where leakage during
fumigation or aeration would expose nearby workers orbystanders if concentrations were above the permitted expo-sure levels.
3. Develop an appropriate Fumigation Management Plan. (Referto Fumigation Management Plan guidelines.)
4. Using the Applicator’s Manual, determine the length of thefumigation and calculate the dosage of tablets, pellets or gasbags to be applied based upon volume of the building, airand/or commodity temperature and the general tightness ofthe structure.
5. Read the directions found under Section 4.2 Physical andChemical Hazards and remove or cover any of the listed itemsthat can become damaged from exposure to phosphine gas.
6. Consult previous records for any changes in the structure.Carefully seal and placard the space to be fumigated.
7. Place trays or sheets of Kraft paper or foil, up to 12-sq. ft.(1.1 sq. M) in area, on the floor throughout the structure.
8. Spread WEEVIL-CIDE® on the sheets at a density no greaterthan 30 tablets per sq. ft. or 150 pellets per sq. ft. or 3 gasbags per sq. ft. This corresponds to slightly more than 3/4thsof a flask containing 2500 tablets or 3/4ths of a flask contain-ing 1600 pellets per 3'x4' sheet. Check to see that WEEVIL-CIDE® has not piled up and that it is spread out evenly tominimize contact between the individual tablets or pellets.Gas bags may be placed directly on the floor.
9. Turn off any lights within the treated area and shut off all elec-trical motors not essential to operations of the storage. Doorsleading to the fumigated space must be closed, sealed, andplacarded with warning signs.
10. Upon completion of the exposure period, windows, doors,vents, etc., should be opened and the fumigated structureallowed to aerate. The structure should not be entered with-out proper Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) unless gasreadings have been taken and the concentration is below theallowable limits. Gas concentration readings may be takenusing low level detector tubes or similar devices to ensuresafety of personnel who reenter the treated area.
11. Collect the spent WEEVIL-CIDE® dust and dispose of it, withor without further deactivation. Refer to Disposal Instructionsin Section 24 of this Manual.
12. Remove fumigation warning placards from the aeratedstructure.
21.5 RAILCARS, CONTAINERS, TRUCKS, VANS, ANDOTHER TRANSPORT VEHICLES
Railcars and containers, trucks, vans, and other transport vehi-cles shipped piggyback by rail may be fumigated in-transit.However, the aeration of railcars, railroad boxcars, containersand other vehicles is prohibited en-route. It is not legal to movetrucks, trailers, containers, vans, etc., over public roads or high-ways until they have been aerated.Transport vehicles loaded with bulk commodities to whichWEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets, Pellets or Gas Bags may be addeddirectly are treated in essentially the same way as any other flatstorage facility. Using the label, determine the length of the fumi-gation and calculate the dosage of tablets, pellets or gas bags tobe applied based upon volume of the building, air and/or com-modity temperature and the general tightness of the structure.WEEVIL-CIDE® may be added as the vehicle is being filled, thedose may be scattered over the surface after loading has beencompleted or the tablets or pellets may be probed below the sur-face. Carefully seal any vents, cracks or other leaks, particularlyif the fumigation is to be carried out in-transit. See Section 15,Placarding of Fumigated Areas of this Applicator's Manual forrecommendations on placarding.The Shipper and/or the fumigator must provide written notifica-tion to the receiver of railcars, railroad boxcars, shipping contain-ers and other vehicles, which have been fumigated in-transit. Acopy of the Applicator’s Manual must precede or accompany alltransportation containers or vehicles which are fumigated in-transit. If the Applicator’s Manual is sent with the transport vehi-cle it must be placed securely on the outside of the vehicle.Proper handling of treated railcars at their destination is theresponsibility of the consignee. Upon receipt of the railcar, rail-road boxcars, shipping containers and other vehicles a certifiedapplicator and/or persons with documented authorized trainingmust supervise the aeration process and removal of theplacards.WEEVIL-CIDE Gas Bags are suited to fumigation of packagecommodities or bulk processed foods. The Gas Bags are not tobe placed in or attached directly to commodity packages con-
15
taining processed food. If placement of Gas Bags on the floor ofa boxcar is not convenient, or if the vehicle is being fumigatedin-transit, the Gas Bags may be attached to a wall or other sup-port. They may also be applied by taping the Gas Bags on card-board with spacing between the Gas Bags. Tape across the GasBag ends only. Specially designed cardboard discs or boards areavailable for this purpose. If the boards or discs are used, tapingof the Gas Bags is not necessary. Instructions that follow givespecific procedures for treatment of rail cars when direct addi-tion to the commodity is not permitted (see Sections 6.2Processed Foods and Section 6.3 Nonfood CommoditiesIncluding Tobacco in this Manual).
21.5.1 Procedures for Hopper Rail Cars – Round Hatch1. Close and secure all hatch covers except those being utilized
for the fumigation.2. Seal all other openings. Pay particular attention to vents.3. Clean the flange lip of hatch (or hatches) being utilized. If the
commodity extends into the throat of the hatch, force it awayto the extent possible.
4. Determine the length of the fumigation and, using theApplicator’s Manual, calculate the dosage of gas bags to beapplied based upon volume of the car, air and/or commoditytemperature and the general tightness of the rail car.
5. Open cans, insert gas bags into the pockets or tape the gasbags on the disc. Gas Bags must not be folded.
6. Secure the disc into place with tape. Place the loaded disc intoposition with the Gas Bag side in the up position.
7. Cover the hatch opening with poly sheeting before closing thecover.
8. Lower the cover into place and secure. Insert the placard intoa clear plastic bag, and affix it to the hatch cover. Affix plac-ards near the ladder on each side of the car.
21.5.2 Procedures for Hopper Rail Cars – Slot Hatch1. Fold the edges of a board to form a tray. The board is designed
to “hang’ in the hatch opening.2. Determine the length of the fumigation and, using the
Applicator’s Manual, calculate the dosage of gas bags to beapplied based upon volume of the car, air and/or commoditytemperature and the general tightness of the rail car.
3. Open containers and insert Gas Bags into the pockets of theboard. Gas Bags must not be folded.
4. Place the loaded board into position with the Gas Bag side up.5. Secure the board in place with tape.6. Cover the entire hatch opening with poly sheeting before clos-
ing the cover.7. Lower the hatch covers.8. Insert the placard into a clear plastic bag, and affix it to the
hatch cover. Affix placards near the ladder on each side of thecar.
21.5.3 Procedures for Box Cars1. Close and secure one of the doors. Seal all openings and
joints. If needed, caulk joints and drape entire doorway withpoly film, securing the edges to the inner wall, floor and ceil-ing with tape or suitable adhesive.
2. Inspect the roof, floor and walls for holes and/or cracks. Sealall openings with either tape or caulking compound.
3. If needed, drape remaining doorway with polyethylene filmbefore door is closed. Secure edges to door jams and floor.Close door and secure. If doorway is draped with poly, it maynot be necessary to seal the door from the outside. If doorwayis not draped, seal all cracks, openings and leaky joints withmasking tape and/or caulking compound from the outside.
4. Determine the length of the fumigation and, using theApplicator’s Manual, calculate the dosage of Gas Bags to beapplied based upon volume of the car, air and/or commoditytemperature and the general tightness of the rail car.
5. Open containers and insert Gas Bags into the pockets of thedisc or board or use tape to secure the Gas Bags.
6. Place the loaded disc or board onto the load, with the Gas Bagside up. Secure the board in place with tape or nail it to thewall.
7. Post placards into a clear plastic bag, and affix it to the doorsof the cars.
21.6 TARPAULIN AND BUNKER FUMIGATIONSUse of plastic sheeting or tarpaulins to cover commodities is oneof the easiest and least expensive means for providing relativelygas tight enclosures which are very well suited for fumigation.Polyethylene (poly) tarps are penetrated only very slowly byphosphine gas, and tight coverings are readily formed from thesheets. The volume of these enclosures may vary widely from afew cubic feet (for example, a fumigation tarpaulin placed over asmall stack of bagged commodity) to a plastic bunker storagecapable of holding 600,000 bushels of grain or more.1. Develop an enclosure suitable for fumigation by covering bulk
or packaged commodities with poly sheeting. The sheets maybe taped together to provide a sufficient width of material toensure that adequate sealing is obtained. If the flooring uponwhich the commodity rests is of wood or other porous mate-rial, the commodity to be fumigated should be repositionedonto poly prior to covering for fumigation. The plastic cover-ing of the pile may be sealed to the floor using sand or watersnakes, by shoveling soil or sand onto the ends of the plasticcovering or by other suitable procedures. The poly coveringshould be reinforced by tape or other means around any sharpcorners or edges in the stack so as to reduce the risk of tear-ing. Thinner poly, about 2 mil, is suitable for most indoor tarpfumigations and for sealing of windows, doors and otheropenings in structures. However, 4 mil poly or thicker is moresuitable for outdoor applications where wind or other mechan-ical stresses are likely to be encountered.
2. Determine if the enclosure is in an area where leakage duringfumigation or aeration would affect nearby workers orbystanders .
3. Develop an appropriate Fumigant Management Plan. (Refer toSection 20 Fumigation Management Plan guidelines.)
4. Using the guidance given under Section 7 ExposureConditions, determine the length of the fumigation and calcu-late the dosage of tablets, pellets or gas bags to be appliedbased upon volume of the space under the tarp, air and com-modity temperature.
5. Tablets, Pellets and Gas Bags may be applied to the tarpedstack or bunker storage of bulk commodity through slits in thepoly covering. Probing or other means of dosing may be used.Avoid application of large amounts of WEEVIL-CIDE® at anyone point. The WEEVIL-CIDE® should be added below the sur-face of the commodity if condensation or other source ofmoisture is likely to form beneath the poly. The slits in the cov-ering should be carefully taped to prevent loss of gas once thedose has been applied and to prevent the introduction ofwater from rain. Care should be taken to see that the poly isnot allowed to cover the WEEVIL-CIDE® and prevent contactwith moist air or confine the gas.
6. Distribution of phosphine gas is generally not a problem in thetreatment of bagged commodities and processed foods.However, fumigation of larger bunker storages containing bulkcommodity will require proper application procedures toobtain adequate results.
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7. Place warning placards at conspicuous points on theenclosure.
21.7 IN-TRANSIT SHIPHOLDS
21.7.1 General InformationImportant – In-transit ship or shiphold fumigation is also gov-erned by U.S. Coast Guard Regulation 46 CFR 147A, InterimRegulations for Shipboard Fumigation. Refer to this regulationprior to fumigation. For further information contact:
Commandant U.S. Coast GuardHazardous Materials Standards Division GMSO-3Washington, DC 20593-0001
21.7.2 Pre-Voyage Fumigation Procedures1. Prior to fumigating a vessel for in-transit cargo fumigation, the
master of the vessel, or his representative, and the certifiedapplicator must determine whether the vessel is suitablydesigned and configured so as to allow for safe occupancy bythe ship's crew throughout the duration of the fumigation. If itis determined that the design and configuration of the vesseldoes not allow for safe occupancy by the ship's crew through-out the duration of the fumigation, then the vessel will not befumigated unless all crew members are removed from the ves-sel. The crew members will not be allowed to reoccupy thevessel until the vessel has been properly aerated and the mas-ter of the vessel and the certified applicator has made a deter-mination that the vessel is safe for occupancy.
2. The certified applicator must notify the master of the vessel,or his representative, of the requirements relating to personalprotection equipment*, detection equipment, and that a per-son qualified in the use of this equipment must accompany thevessel with cargo under fumigation. Emergency procedures,cargo ventilation, periodic monitoring and inspections, andfirst aid measures must be discussed with and understood bythe master of the vessel or his representative.
*Note: Personal protection equipment means a NIOSH/MSHAapproved respirator or gas mask fitted with an approved canisterfor phosphine. The canister is approved for use up to 15 ppm.SCBA or its equivalent must be used above 15 ppm or atunknown concentrations.3. Seal all openings to the cargo hold or tank and lock or other-
wise secure all openings, manways, etc., which might be usedto enter the hold. The overspace pressure relief system ofeach tank aboard tankers must be sealed by closing theappropriate valves and sealing the openings into the over-space with gas-tight materials.
4. Using the label, determine the length of the fumigation andcalculate the dosage of tablets, pellets or gas bags to beapplied based upon volume of the vessel, air and/or commod-ity temperature and the general tightness of the vessel.
5. Placard all entrances to the treated spaces with fumigationwarning signs.
6. If the fumigation is not completed and the vessel aeratedbefore the manned vessel leaves port, the person in charge ofthe vessel shall ensure that at least two units of personal pro-tection equipment and one gas or vapor detection device, anda person qualified in their operation be on board the vesselduring the voyage.
7. During the fumigation, or until a manned vessel leaves port orthe cargo is aerated, the certified applicator shall ensure thata qualified person using phosphine gas detection equipmenttests spaces adjacent to areas containing fumigated cargo aswell as all regularly occupied spaces for fumigant leakage. Ifleakage of the fumigant is detected, the person in charge ofthe fumigation shall take action to correct the leakage, or shallinform the master of the vessel, or his representative, of theleakage so that corrective action can be taken.
8. Review with the master, or his representative, the precautionsand procedures to follow during the voyage of a shiphold in-transit fumigation.
21.7.3. Application Procedures for Bulk Dry Cargo Vesselsand Tankers
1. Apply tablets or pellets by scattering uniformly over the com-modity surface, or they may be shallow or deep probed intothe commodity mass. Gas bags may be placed on the surfaceof the commodity.
2. Immediately after application of the fumigant, close andsecure all hatch covers, tank tops, butterworth valves, man-ways, etc.
21.7.4. In-transit Fumigation of Transport Units (Containers)Aboard Ships
In-transit fumigation of transport units on ships is also governedby DOT RSPA 49 CFR 176.76(i) Transport Vehicles, FreightContainers, and Portable Tanks Containing Hazardous Materialsand International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code P9025-1Amdt. 27-94. Application procedures for fumigation of raw com-modities or processed foods in transport units (containers) aredescribed in Section 21.5 of this Manual.
21.7.5. Precautions and Procedures During Voyage1. Using appropriate gas detection equipment, monitor spaces
adjacent to areas containing fumigated cargo and all regular-ly occupied areas for fumigant leakage. If leakage is detected,the area should be evacuated of all personnel, ventilated, andaction taken to correct the leakage before allowing the area tobe occupied.
2. Do not enter fumigated areas except under emergency condi-tions. If necessary to enter a fumigated area, appropriate per-sonal protection equipment must be used (see Section 21.7.6Precautions and Procedures During Discharge). Never enterfumigated areas alone. At least one other person, wearing per-sonal protection equipment, should be available to assist incase of an emergency.
21.7.6. Precautions and Procedures During DischargeIf necessary to enter holds prior to discharge, test spaces direct-ly above grain surface for fumigant concentration using appro-priate gas detection and personal safety equipment. Do notallow entry to fumigated areas without personal safety equip-ment, unless fumigant concentrations are at safe levels, as indi-cated by a suitable detector.
21.7.7 BargesBarge fumigation is also regulated by U.S. Coast GuardRegulation 46 CFR 147A as modified by U.S. Coast GuardSpecial Permit 2-75. This permit which must be obtained prior tothe fumigation is available from:
Commandant U.S. Coast GuardHazardous Materials Standards Division GMSO-3Washington, DC 20593-0001
Leaks are a common cause of failures in the treatment of com-modities aboard barges. Carefully inspect all hatch covers priorto application of WEEVIL-CIDE® and seal, if necessary. Placardthe barge. Notify consignee if the barge is to be fumigated in-transit and provide safety instructions for receipt and unloading.
21.8. SMALL SEALABLE ENCLOSURESExcellent results may be attained in the treatment of small enclo-sures since it is often possible to control the temperature duringfumigation and also to make the enclosure virtually gas tight.Take care not to overdose during these fumigations. A singleWEEVIL-CIDE® pellet will treat a space of 1.4 to 10 cubic feet. Asingle WEEVIL-CIDE® tablet will treat a space of 6.9 to 50 cubicfeet. A single WEEVIL-CIDE® gas bag will treat a space of 77 to500 cubic feet.
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21.9. BEEHIVES, SUPERS AND OTHER BEE KEEPINGEQUIPMENT
WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets, Pellets and Gas Bags may be used forthe control of the greater wax moth in stored beehives, supers,and other bee keeping equipment and for the destruction ofbees, Africanized bees, and diseased bees including thoseinfested with tracheal mites and foulbrood. The recommendeddosage for this use is 30-45 tablets, 150-225 pellets or 3-4 gasbags per 1000 cu. ft.Fumigations may be performed in chambers at atmosphericpressure, under tarpaulins, etc., by using gas bags or by placingthe tablets or pellets onto trays or into moisture permeableenvelopes. Do not add more than 2 tablets or 10 pellets ontotrays or into each envelope. Honey from treated hives or supersmay only be used for bee food.
21.10. BURROWING PEST CONTROL
21.10.1 Use RestrictionsThis product may be applied to underground burrow systemslocated in noncrop areas, crop areas, or orchards occupied bywoodchucks, yellowbelly marmots (rockchucks), prairie dogs(except Utah prairie dogs, Cynomys Parvidens), Norway rats,roof rats, mice, ground squirrels, moles, voles, pocket gophers,or chipmunks.All treatments for control of these species in burrows must bemade outdoors. Pellets or tablets must be applied directly tounderground burrow systems. Before using WEEVIL-CIDEtablets or pellets for burrowing pest control, read the applicablerestrictions under Section 22 Environmental Hazards andSection 23 Endangered Species below.This product may be used out of doors only for control of bur-rowing pests. THIS PRODUCT MUST NOT BE APPLIED INTO ABURROW SYSTEM THAT IS WITHIN 15 FEET (5 METERS) OF ABUILDING THAT IS, OR MAY BE, OCCUPIED BY HUMANS,AND/OR ANIMALS, ESPECIALLY RESIDENCES. Document anyburrows that open under or into occupied buildings, and do notapply to these burrows. In addition, check for any other sourcethrough which the gas may enter into occupied buildings as aresult of application to burrows. If there is any way gas can movethrough pipes, conduits etc., from burrows, do not treat theseburrows. Prior to treating a rodent burrow on a property contain-ing an inhabited structure, the applicator must provide the cus-tomer (e.g. tenant, homeowner, or property manager) with anMSDS or appropriate sections of the Applicator’s Manual.
21.10.2. Application DirectionsUse application procedures appropriate to the type of burrowsystem being treated. DOSAGE RATES MUST NOT BE EXCEED-ED UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES.1. For species with open burrow systems, locate all entrances to
each burrow system. Treatment of more than one entrance ina system is often desirable as systems often overlap and arenot defined. Treat all entrances except for those entrances youare sure connect to already treated entrances. Insert 2 to 4tablets or 10 to 20 pellets into each burrow entrance to betreated. Use the lower rates for smaller burrows and/or whensoil moisture is high. Use the higher rates for larger burrowsystems and when soil moisture is relatively low. Pack thetreated entrance with crumpled paper and shovel soil to com-pletely cover the paper. Using crumpled paper will prevent soilfrom covering the tablets or pellets and slowing down theiraction. Rocks, clods of soil, cardboard, etc. may be used forthis purpose. Be sure to seal all untreated entrances by shov-eling and packing soil and/or sod to completely seal the open-ing. Inspect treated areas 1 or 2 days following treatment forsigns of residual activity of target species. Treat all reopenedburrow openings in the manner prescribed above.
2. For species with closed burrow systems, (pocket gophers,and moles in some situations), locate the main undergroundrunway by probing with a smooth-sided rod 12 to 18 inchesfrom a fresh mound. For pocket gophers, begin probing on theflat side of the mound. A sudden reduction in soil resistanceto the probe indicates that the main runway has been located.Once the main runway is located, remove the probe and apply2 to 4 tablets or 10 to 20 pellets through the probe hole. Adjusttreatment rate according to the level of soil moisture, usingmore pellets or tablets if the soil is relatively dry. Do not treatif soil is extremely dry or if there are no signs of recent gopheror mole activity. Make a tight seal to close probe hole by usinga clod of soil or a sod plug to cover the hole or by using theheel of your shoe to push sod and/or soil over the surfaceopening. If the probe hole is more than one inch in diameter,place crumpled paper in the hole before closing it with soiland/or sod. Two days after treatment, you may check area forresidual pest activity by poking holes in main runways of bur-row systems, flagging holes and inspecting them two dayslater. You should retreat all reclosed burrow openings, on bothsides of the plug.
SECTION 22
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDSThis product is very highly toxic to wildlife. Many non-targetorganisms exposed to phosphine gas in burrows will be killed.Do not apply directly to water or wetlands (swamps, bogs,marshes, and potholes). Do not contaminate water by cleaningof equipment or disposal of wastes.
SECTION 23
ENDANGERED SPECIES RESTRICTIONSThe use of WEEVIL-CIDE® in a manner that may kill or otherwiseharm an endangered or threatened species or adversely modifytheir habitat is a violation of Federal laws. Before using this pes-ticide on range and/or pastureland you must obtain the PESTI-CIDE USE BULLETIN FOR PROTECTION OF ENDANGEREDSPECIES for the county in which the product is to be used. Thebulletin is available from your County Extension Agent, State Fishand Game Office, or your pesticide dealer. Use of this product ina manner inconsistent with the PESTICIDE USE BULLETIN FORPROTECTION OF ENDANGERED SPECIES is a violation ofFederal laws.Even if applicable county bulletins do not prohibit the use of thisproduct at the intended site of application, you may not use thisproduct for control of prairie dogs in the states of Arizona,Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, NorthDakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Utah or Wyomingunless a pre-control survey has been conducted. Contact thenearest U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Endangered SpeciesSpecialist to determine survey requirements in your area. Thissurvey must be in compliance with the Black-Footed FerretSurvey Guidelines, developed by the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService, and a determination must be made in accordance withthe Guidelines that black-footed ferrets are not present in thetreatment area.
CALIFORNIA (all endangered species)Fresno, Inyo, Kern, Kings, Madera, Merced, Monterey, SanBenito, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Stanislaus and TulareSee the U.S. EPA Interim Measures Bulletin for your county. Toobtain a copy of the bulletin, contact your county agriculturalc o m m i s s i o n e r o r v i s i t t h e f o l l o w i n g w e b s i t e :http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/es/index.htm. If there is no currentbulletin available for your county, contact the U.S. Fish andWildlife Service office in Portland, OR to determine whether there
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are endangered species that might be adversely affected by yourproposed use of WEEVIL-CIDE® and the steps you should taketo mitigate any such risks.
FLORIDAStatewide
GEORGIAAppling, Atkinson, Bacon, Baker, Ben Hill, Bleckley, Berrien,Brantley, Brooks, Bryan, Bullock, Calhoun, Camden, Chandler,Charlton, Chatham, Clinch, Coffee, Colquitt, Cook, Crisp,Decatur, Dodge, Dooly, Dougherty, Early, Echols, Effingham,Emanuel, Evans, Glynn, Grady, Irwin, Jeff Davis, Jenkins,Johnson, Lanier, Laurens, Lee, Liberty, Long, Lowndes, Macon,McClintosh, Miller, Mitchell, Montgomery, Pierce, Pulaski,Screven, Seminole, Telfair, Tattnall, Thomas, Tift, Toombs,Treutlen, Turner, Ware, Wayne, Wheeler, Wilcox and Worth.
NEW MEXICOHidalgo
UTAHBeaver, Garfield, Iron, Kane, Piute, Sevier, Washington andWayne
WYOMINGAlbany
Special Local Restrictions
1. NORTH CAROLINAWEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets and Pellets may only be used for controlof rats and mice in the State of North Carolina. Use against otherburrowing (not insect pests) pests is not permitted.
2. OKLAHOMAA special permit for black-tailed prairie dog control by poisoningis required in Oklahoma. Contact the Oklahoma StateDepartment of Wildlife Conservation to obtain this permit.
3. WISCONSINA state permit is required for use of pesticides in Wisconsin tocontrol small mammals, except rats or mice. Contact your localDepartment of Natural Resources office for information.
4. INDIANAUse of WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets or Pellets for mole control is notlegal in the State of Indiana.
5. MISSOURIA state permit is required for use of pesticides in Missouri to con-trol small mammals, except rats and mice. Please contact theMissouri Department of Conservation for information.
6. KANSASA special permit for black-tailed prairie dog control by poisoningis required in Kansas. Contact the Kansas Fish and GameCommission to obtain this permit.
7. CALIFORNIAUse of WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets and Pellets for chipmunk controlis not legal in the State of California.
SECTION 24
DISPOSAL INSTRUCTIONS
24.1 GENERALDo not contaminate water, food or feed by storage or disposal.Unreacted or partially reacted WEEVIL-CIDE® is acutely haz-ardous. Improper disposal of excess pesticide is a violation ofFederal Law. If these wastes cannot be disposed of by useaccording to the Applicator’s Manual instructions, contact yourState Pesticide or Environmental Control Agency, or the
Hazardous Waste representative at the nearest EPA RegionalOffice for guidance. For specific instructions, see the Spill andLeak Procedures in Section 25 of this Manual.Some local and state waste disposal regulations may vary fromthese general recommendations. Disposal procedures should bereviewed with appropriate authorities to ensure compliance withlocal regulations. Contact your state Pesticide or EnvironmentalControl Agency or Hazardous Waste Specialist at the nearestEPA Regional Office for guidance.
24.2 DISPOSAL OF ALUMINUM FLASKSTriple rinse flasks and stoppers with water. They may then berecycled or reconditioned, or punctured and disposed of in asanitary landfill, or by other procedures approved by state andlocal authorities. Rinsate may be disposed of in a sanitary land-fill by pouring it out onto the ground or by other approved pro-cedures. It is also permissible to remove lids and expose emptyflasks to atmospheric conditions until residue in the flasks isreacted. In this case puncture and dispose of in a sanitary land-fill or other approved site, or by other procedures approved bystate and local authorities.
24.3 DIRECTIONS FOR DISPOSAL OF RESIDUAL DUSTFROM WEEVIL-CIDE® – PELLETS AND TABLETS
If properly exposed, the residual dust remaining after a fumiga-tion with WEEVIL-CIDE® will be a grayish-white powder. This willbe a nonhazardous waste and contain only a small amount ofunreacted aluminum phosphide. However, residual dust fromincompletely exposed WEEVIL-CIDE®, (so called green dust)requires special care.Confinement of partially spent residual dust (as in a closed con-tainer) or collection and storage of large quantities of dust mayresult in a fire hazard. Small amounts of phosphine may be givenoff from unreacted aluminum phosphide, and confinement of thegas may result in a flash.In open areas, small amounts of residual dust, up to about 5 to8 kg may be disposed of on site by burial or by spreading overthe land surface away from inhabited buildings.Spent residual dust from WEEVIL-CIDE® may also be collectedand disposed of at a sanitary landfill, incinerator or otherapproved sites or by other procedures approved by Federal,State or Local authorities. "Green dust" must be further deacti-vated before disposal at a landfill.From 2 to 3 kg (4 to 7 lbs.) of spent dust from 2 to 3 flasks ofWEEVIL-CIDE® may be collected for disposal in a 1-gallon buck-et. Larger amounts, up to about one-half case, may be collectedin burlap, cotton or other types of porous cloth bags for trans-portation in an open vehicle to the disposal site. Do not collectdust from more than 7 flasks of tablets or 10 flasks of pellets(about 11 kg or 25 lbs.) in a single bag. Do not pile cloth bagstogether. Do not use this method for partially spent or "green"dust. Caution: Do not collect dust in large drums, dumpsters,plastic bags or other containers where confinement mayoccur.
24.4 DIRECTIONS FOR DEACTIVATION OF PARTIALLYSPENT RESIDUAL DUST FROM WEEVIL-CIDE® -PELLETS AND TABLETS
Partially spent dust must be deactivated further prior to ultimatedisposal. This is especially true in cases of incomplete exposurethat has resulted in so-called “green dust” or following a fumiga-tion that has produced large quantities of partially spent material.Caution: Wear a NIOSH/MSHA approved full-face gas mask –phosphine canister combination (if exposed to levels between0.3 ppm and 15 ppm) or a Self Contained Breathing Apparatus(SCBA) (if exposure is unknown or above 15 ppm) during wetdeactivation of partially spent material. Do not cover the contain-
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er being used for wet deactivation. Do not dispose of WEEVIL-CIDE® dust in a toilet.
Residual dust from WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets and Pellets maybe deactivated as follows using the "Wet Method."1. Deactivating solution is prepared by adding the appropriate
amount of low sudsing detergent or surface-active agent towater in a drum or other suitable container. A 2% solution (or4 cups in 30 gallons) of detergent is suggested. The contain-er should be filled with deactivating solution to within a fewinches of the top.
2. Residual dust is poured slowly into the deactivating solutionand stirred so as to thoroughly wet all of the particles. Thisshould be done in the open air and not in the fumigated struc-ture. Do not cover the container being used for wet deactiva-tion. Dust from WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets or Pellets should bemixed into no less than about 10 gallons of water-detergentsolution for each case of material used. Wear appropriate res-piratory protection during wet deactivation of partially spentdust.
3. Dispose of the deactivated dust-water suspension, with orwithout preliminary decanting, at a sanitary landfill or othersuitable site approved by local authorities. Where permissible,the slurry may be poured out onto the ground. If the slurry hasbeen held for 36 hours or more, it may be poured into a stormsewer.
Residual dust from WEEVIL-CIDE® Tablets and Pellets mayalso be deactivated as follows using the "Dry Method."1. Extension of the fumigation period is the simplest method for
further deactivation of "green" or partially spent dust prior toultimate disposal.
2. Small amounts of partially spent dust, from 2 to 3 kg (4 to 7lbs.) may be further deactivated by storage in a 1-gallon buck-et. Larger amounts of dust (about 11 kg or 25 lbs.) may be heldfor deactivation in porous cloth bags (burlap, cotton, etc.).Caution: Transport these bags in open vehicles. Do not pile upthe bags. Do not store "green dust" in bags.
24. 5 DIRECTIONS FOR DEACTIVATION OF PARTIALLYSPENT RESIDUAL DUST FROM WEEVIL-CIDE® -GAS BAGS
Unless it can be determined with certainty that the gas bags arespent, they must be deactivated using the Dry Deactivation orWet Deactivation methods as described below prior to disposal.Caution: Wear a NIOSH/MSHA approved full-face gas mask –phosphine canister combination (if exposed to levels between0.3 ppm and 15 ppm) or a Self Contained Breathing Apparatus(SCBA) (if exposure is unknown or above 15 ppm) during wetdeactivation of partially spent material. Do not cover the contain-er being used for wet deactivation. Do not dispose of WEEVIL-CIDE® dust in a toilet.
Residual dust from WEEVIL-CIDE® Gas Bags may be deac-tivated using the "Wet Method."1. Deactivating solution is prepared by adding the appropriate
amount of low sudsing detergent or surface-active agent towater in a drum or other suitable container. A 2% solution (or4 cups in 30 gallons) of detergent is suggested. The contain-er should be filled with deactivating solution to within a fewinches of the top.
2. Submerge intact gas bags for 36 hours. A metal grid workswell to keep gas bags submerged. This should be done in theopen air and not in the fumigated structure. Do not cover thecontainer being used for wet deactivation. Use no less than 1gallon of water/detergent solution for 60 gas bags. Wearappropriate respiratory protection during wet deactivation ofpartially spent gas bags.
3. Dispose of the deactivated dust-water suspension, with orwithout preliminary decanting, at a sanitary landfill or othersuitable site approved by local authorities. Where permissible,the slurry may be poured out onto the ground. If the slurry hasbeen held for 36 hours or more, it may be poured into a stormsewer.
4. Collect spent gas bags and dispose of them in a sanitary land-fill, approved pesticide incinerator or other approved sites orby other procedures approved by federal, state and localauthorities.
Residual dust from WEEVIL-CIDE® Gas Bags may be deac-tivated using the "Dry Method."Extension of the fumigation period is the simplest method for fur-ther deactivation of "green" or partially spent dust in Gas Bagsprior to ultimate disposal.1. Collect gas bags and place them into a secure, ventilated
holding container. Store the gas bags until they are spent.Caution: Transport these bags in open vehicles. Do not pile upthe bags. Do not store "green dust" in bags. Ignition can occurif large numbers of incompletely reacted gas bags are con-tacted by liquid water. This can occur in open or perforatedstorage containers. Storage should be out of doors in a rela-tively isolated area, protected from rain.
2. Collect spent gas bags and dispose of them in a sanitary land-fill, approved pesticide incinerator or other approved sites orby other procedures approved by federal, state and localauthorities.
SECTION 25
SPILL AND LEAK PROCEDURES
25.1 GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AND DIRECTIONSA spill, other than incidental to application or normal handling,may produce high levels of gas and, therefore, attending person-nel must wear SCBA or its equivalent when the concentration ofphosphine gas is unknown. Other NIOSH/MSHA approved res-piratory protection may be worn if the concentration is known.Do not use water at any time to clean up a spill of WEEVIL-CIDE®.Water in contact with unreacted tablets or pellets will greatlyaccelerate the production of phosphine gas that could result ina toxic and/or fire hazard. Wear dry gloves of cotton or othermaterial when handling aluminum phosphide.Return all intact aluminum flasks to fiberboard cases or otherpackaging which has been suitably constructed and markedaccording to DOT regulations. Notify consignee and shipper ofdamaged cases.If aluminum flasks have been punctured or damaged so as toleak, the container may be temporarily repaired with aluminumtape or the WEEVIL-CIDE® may be transferred from the damagedflask to a sound metal container which should be sealed andproperly labeled as aluminum phosphide. Transport the dam-aged containers to an area suitable for pesticide storage forinspection. Further instructions and recommendations may beobtained, if required, from your distributor.Never place tablets, pellets, or dust in a closed container suchas a dumpster, sealed drum, plastic bag, etc., as flammable con-centrations and a flash of phosphine gas are likely to develop.If a spill has occurred which is only a few minutes old, collect thetablets and pellets and place them back into the original flasks,if they are intact, and stopper tightly. Place the collected tabletsand pellets in a sound metal container if the original flasks aredamaged. Caution: these flasks may flash upon opening atsome later time.If the age of the spill is unknown or if the Tablets, Pellets or GasBags have been contaminated with soil, debris, water, etc., gath-
20
er up the spillage and place it into small open buckets having acapacity no larger than about 1 gallon. Do not add more thanabout one flask of spilled material, 1 to 1.5 kg (2 to 3 lbs.), to thebucket. If on-site, wet deactivation is not feasible, these opencontainers should be transported in open vehicles to a suitablearea. Wet deactivation may then be carried out as described inSections 24.4 and 24.5 of this Manual. Alternatively, smallamounts of spillage from 4 to 5 flasks (4 to 8 kg, 9 to 18 lbs.) maybe spread out in an open area away from inhabited buildings tobe deactivated by atmospheric moisture.
25.2 DIRECTIONS FOR DEACTIVATION BY WET METHODCaution: Wear a NIOSH/MSHA approved full-face gas mask –phosphine canister combination (if exposed to levels between0.3 ppm and 15 ppm) or a Self Contained Breathing Apparatus(SCBA) (if exposure is unknown or above 15 ppm) during wetdeactivation of partially spent material. Do not cover the contain-er being used for wet deactivation. Do not dispose of WEEVIL-CIDE® dust in a toilet.If the contaminated material is not to be held until completelyreacted by exposure to atmospheric moisture, deactivate theTablets and Pellets by the "Wet Method" as follows:1. Deactivating solution is prepared by adding low sudsing
detergent or surface-active agent to water in a drum or othersuitable container. A 2% solution or 4 cups in 30 gallons issuggested. The container should be filled with deactivatingsolution to within a few inches of the top.
2. The Tablets or Pellets should be poured slowly into the deac-tivating solution and stirred so as to thoroughly wet all of theWEEVIL-CIDE. This should be done in the open air. Do notcover the container being used for wet deactivation. WEEVIL-CIDE Tablets or Pellets should be mixed into no less thanabout 15 gallons of water-detergent solution for each case ofmaterial. Wear appropriate respiratory protection during wetdeactivation.
3. Allow the mixture to stand, with occasional stirring, for about36 hours. The resultant slurry will then be safe for disposal.Dispose of the slurry of deactivated material, with or withoutpreliminary decanting, at a sanitary landfill or other suitablesite approved by local authorities. Where permissible, thisslurry may be poured into a storm sewer or out onto theground.
The following procedure is used to deactivate Gas Bags usingthe “Wet Method.:1. Deactivating solution is prepared by adding the appropriate
amount of low sudsing detergent or surface-active agent towater in a drum or other suitable container. A 2% solution (or4 cups in 30 gallons) of detergent is suggested. The contain-er should be filled with deactivating solution to within a fewinches of the top.
2. Submerge intact gas bags for 36 hours. A metal grid workswell to keep gas bags submerged. This should be done in theopen air and not in the fumigated structure. Do not cover thecontainer being used for wet deactivation. Use no less than1 gallon of water/detergent solution for 60 gas bags. Wearappropriate respiratory protection during wet deactivation ofpartially spent gas bags.
3. Dispose of the deactivated dust-water suspension, with orwithout preliminary decanting, at a sanitary landfill or othersuitable site approved by local authorities. Where permissible,the slurry may be poured out onto the ground. If the slurry hasbeen held for 36 hours or more, it may be poured into a stormsewer.
4. Collect spent gas bags and dispose of them in a sanitary land-fill, approved pesticide incinerator or other approved sites orby other procedures approved by federal, state and localauthorities.
FOR CHEMICAL EMERGENCY, SPILL, LEAK, FIRE, EXPOSURE OR ACCIDENT
CALL CHEMTREC 1-800-424-9300
IMPORTANT INFORMATIONREAD BEFORE USING PRODUCT
CONDITIONS OF SALE AND LIMITATION OFWARRANTY AND LIABILITY
NOTICE: Read the entire Directions for Use and Conditionsof Sale and Limitation of Warranty and Liability before buy-ing or using this product. If the terms are not acceptable,return the product at once, unopened, and the purchaseprice will be refunded.United Phosphorus, Inc. warrants that this product conforms tothe chemical description on the label and is reasonably fit for thepurposes stated in the Directions for Use, when used in strictaccordance with directions under normal use conditions, subjectto the inherent risks referred to below. This warranty does notextend to the use of this product contrary to label instructions,or under abnormal conditions or under conditions not reasonablyforeseeable to or beyond the control of Seller or UnitedPhosphorus, Inc., and Buyer and User assume the risk of anysuch use. UNITED PHOSPHORUS, INC. MAKES NO OTHEREXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITYOR OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR ANYOTHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY.The Directions for Use of this product should be followed care-fully. It is impossible to eliminate all risks inherently associatedwith the use of this product. Crop injury, ineffectiveness or otherunintended consequences may result because of such factorsas manner of use or application, weather or crop conditions,presence of other materials or other influencing factors in the useof the product, which are beyond the control of UnitedPhosphorus, Inc. or Seller. All such risks shall be assumed byBuyer and User, and Buyer and User agree to hold UnitedPhosphorus Inc. and Seller harmless for any claims relating tosuch factors.In no event shall United Phosphorus, Inc. or Seller be liable forany incidental, consequential or special damages resulting fromthe use or handling of this product. THE EXCLUSIVE REMEDYOF THE USER OR BUYER, AND THE EXCLUSIVE LIABILITY OFUNITED PHOSPHORUS, INC. AND SELLER FOR ANY AND ALLCLAIMS, LOSSES, INJURIES OR DAMAGES (INCLUDINGCLAIMS BASED ON BREACH OF WARRANTY, CONTRACT,NEGLIGENCE, TORT, STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE)RESULTING FROM THE USE OR HANDLING OF THIS PROD-UCT SHALL BE, AT THE ELECTION OF UNITED PHOSPHORUS,INC. OR SELLER, THE REPLACEMENT OF THE PRODUCT, ORCOMPENSATION LIMITED TO DAMAGES NOT EXCEEDINGTHE FAIR MARKET PURCHASE PRICE, AND SHALL NOTINCLUDE INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES.United Phosphorus, Inc. and Seller offer this product, and Buyerand User accept it, subject to the foregoing Conditions of Saleand Limitations of Warranty and Liability, which may not be mod-ified except by written agreement signed by the duly authorizedrepresentative of United Phosphorus, Inc.
Rev. 10/03Weevil-Cide is a registered trademark of United Phosphorus, Inc.© 2008 United Phosphorus, Inc. All rights reserved.Made in U.S.A. 70506-13,14,15(022508-2830)
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