Restrictive Relative Restrictive Relative ClausesClauses

Cities which have nice Cities which have nice weather are popular with weather are popular with immigrantsimmigrants

He lives in a city which has He lives in a city which has nice weathernice weather

Restrictive Relative Restrictive Relative ClausesClauses

Countries which have high taxes Countries which have high taxes are not helpful to business.are not helpful to business.

A country which has high taxes is A country which has high taxes is not helpful to business.not helpful to business.

Birds which have broken wings Birds which have broken wings cannot fly.cannot fly.

Birds which migrate in winter need Birds which migrate in winter need a lot of energy.a lot of energy.

Non-restrictive relative Non-restrictive relative clausesclauses

Charlotte, which is the largest city Charlotte, which is the largest city in the Carolinas, is still growing in the Carolinas, is still growing fastfast

My mother, who lives in Denmark, My mother, who lives in Denmark, likes to travel.likes to travel.

Non-restrictive relative Non-restrictive relative clausesclauses

The essays, which are due on The essays, which are due on Wednesday, must be typed.Wednesday, must be typed.

Birds, which have feathers and lay Birds, which have feathers and lay eggs, are interesting animals.eggs, are interesting animals.

Restrictive adverbialsRestrictive adverbials

The month which he was born in The month which he was born in has 30 days.has 30 days.

The month in which he was born The month in which he was born has 30 days.has 30 days.

The month when he was born has The month when he was born has 30 days.30 days.

Non-restrictive adverbialsNon-restrictive adverbials

( July, which she was born in, has ( July, which she was born in, has 31 days. )31 days. )

July , in which she was born, has July , in which she was born, has 31 days.31 days.

July, when she was born, has 31 July, when she was born, has 31 days.days.

Non-restrictive adverbialsNon-restrictive adverbials

( The winters, which he takes many ( The winters, which he takes many photographs in, are very cold in photographs in, are very cold in Canada. )Canada. )

The winters, in which he takes many The winters, in which he takes many photographs, are very cold in Canadaphotographs, are very cold in Canada

The winters, when he takes many The winters, when he takes many photographs, are very cold in photographs, are very cold in Canada.Canada.