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Restructuring of Distribution Transformer Feeder
With Micro Grid through Efficient Energy Audit
Intermediate Project Report – June 2016
Energy Efficiency Research Group
An International Energy Research Foundation
Since 2015
GREEN9
Restructuring of Distribution Transformer Feeder
With Micro Grid through Efficient Energy Audit
Intermediate Project Report – June 2016
Authors
Priyanka kumari, Sujan.K, Poojakumari and Neelakandan
Member, Energy Efficiency Research Group
Member, MGR Vision 10MW, Dr.M.G.R Educational and Research Institute
Dr. L. Ramesh
Chairman (BOT), Energy Efficiency Research Group
Director, MGR Vision 10MW and Professor, Dr.M.G.R Educ., & Research Inst.,
GREEN9 publication 16Ee07- June 2016
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would first like to thank our beloved founder-chancellor Thiru A.C. Shanmugam B.A., B.L.
and beloved president Er.A.C.S Arun Kumar, B.E. Secratory Thiru A. Ravi kumar and Vice
Chancellor Dr. Meer Musfthafa Hussian for all the encouragement and support extended to us
during the tenure of this project and also our years of studies in this university.
We thank our Head of Department Electrical & Electronics Engineering Er. E Sheeba Percis for
her espousal and for having instilled in us the confidence to complete our project on time.
We express my heartfelt thanks to our Project Supervisor, Addl. Dean Dr. L.Ramesh, who has
been actively involved and very influential from the start till the completion of our project.
We also thank our Project Co-ordinator Er. Chunchu Rambabu for his guidance, assistance and
cooperation that facilitated the successful conclusion of our project.
We would also like to thank N. Neelakandan (M.TECH, Power System) and Er. M. Mallika
Executive Engineer / Operation TNEB Koyambedu 230 KV Substation for their wonderful
guidance and support towards the completion of Project.
We would also like to thank all teaching and non-teaching staff of the Electrical and Electronics
Engineering Department for their constant support and encouragement given to us.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Ch. No. TITLE PAGE NO.
ABSTRACT
List of Abbreviations
List of Figures and List of Tables
01 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Global Perspective 1
1.2 Indian Prospective 2
1.3 Tamilnadu Prospective 6
1,4 Need For Energy Audit 7
02 LITERATURE REVIEW 9
2.1 Energy Audit Review 9
2.2 Micro Grid Review 13
03 DATA MONITORING 19
3.1 University Library Data 21
3.2 Sample Data of Single House 25
3.3 Over all Residential house data 29
04 RECOMMENDATION 34
4.1 Recommendation of University Library 37
4.2 General Issues and Recommendation For a House 41
4.3 Recommendation for 132 houses 63
05 DESIGN OF MICRO GRID 84
Description 84
Design Of Micro Grid Components 86
Layout With Micro Grid 89
06 CONCLUSION 93
REFERENCES 95
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO TITLE PG NO
1.1 Sources of Electricity in India by Installed Capacity 3
1.2 Comparison of Energy deficit and Peak defecit 5
1.3 Region –wise power deficit 5
1.4 Source wise Energy generation in Tamilnadu 6
2.1 Schematic diagram of the Bronsbergen 14
Holiday Park micro-grid in Europe
2.2 Main component of BCIT’s Micro grid 15
2.3 Topology of micro grid protection system 16
2.4 Flow Chart of fault Mitigation Technique 17
3.1 Current Vs Duration curve 20
3.2 Voltage Vs Duration curve 20
3.3 Layout Sketch of the Library 21
3.4 Daily Unit Consumption on the university library 21
3.5 No of Equipment fitted 22
3.6 Watt Hour Wastage 24
3.7 Single line diagram of Triple bed room house 25
3.8 ETAP Load flow Analysis chart for the single house 26
3.9 ETAP Single House existing current output 27
3.10 ETAP Single House Existing Power output 27
3.11 The number of equipments 28
3.12 Annual unit consumption by equipments 28
3.13 Existing layout of Bilroth Transformer 11kv/430V , 29
250KVA feeder
3.14 The expansion of the Network 18 30
3.15 Existing layout ETAP load flow output 31
3.16 ETAP Existing bus current output 32
3.17 ETAP Existing Sub bus current output 32
3.18 ETAP Existing bus voltage output 33
3.19 ETAP Existing Sub bus voltage output. 33
3.20 The number of equipments fitted in total houses. 34
3.21 Units Consumed per year 34
4.1 Wastage audit Saving Graph 36
4.2 Proposed Layout with Rearrangement 37
4.3 Saving graph on the monthly and yearly basis 37
4.4 Proposed lighting Recommendation 38
layout for the university library
4.5 Comparison of Unit Saved after Proposed System 38
4.6 Comparison of Unit Saved after Proposed Solar 39
System
4.7 Analog Energy Meter 40
4.8 Refrigerator Condition 41
4.9 12 years old water pumping motor 41
4.10 SYSKA LED T5 Tube Lights 44
4.11 Unit Consumed per year by Equipments 55
4.12 Unit Consumed per year by Equipments 55
4.13 Comparison of Unit Consumed 56
per year by Equipments
4.14 Electricity Bill paid by Consumers 56
4.15 Electricity Bill paid by Consumers 57
4.16 Comparison of Electricity Bill paid by Consumers 57
4.18 Proposed Single line diagram of Individual house 58
4.18 Proposed ETAP load flow analysis of Individual House 59
4.19 ETAP Proposed Power output graph 60
4.20 ETAP Proposed Current output graph 60
4.21 ETAP Current Comparison Graph 61
4.22 ETAP Power Comparison Graph 61
4.23 Unit Consumed by Equipments of 75
132 houses before recommendation
4.24 Unit Consumed by Equipments of 132 houses 75
4.25 Comparison of Unit Consumed by Equipments of 132 76
houses Unit Consumed before and after recommendation
4.26 Unit Electricity Bill paid per year by consumers of 76
132 houses
4.27 Unit Electricity Bill paid per year by consumers of 77
132 houses After Recommendation
4.28 Comparison of Electricity Bill paid per year by consumers
77
of132houses Comparison before and after recommendation
4.29 Layout with recommended OF 132 house connect to 78
BILROTH 11KV/430 V 250 KVA distribution
transformer
4.30 ETAP Load flow analysis of Proposed System 79
for 132 houses
4.31 ETAP Current output for bus 80
4.32 ETAP Current output for Sub Buses 80
4.33 ETAP Voltage output for Bus 80
4.34 ETAP Voltage output for Sub Buses 81
4.35 Comparison ETAP Current output of buses between 82
Existing and Recommended Layout
4.36 Comparison ETAP Voltage output 82
5.1 Comparison of Unit Consumed 88
5.2 Layout of Bilroth Distribution 89
Transformer Feeder with Micro grid
5.3 ETAP Load Flow Analysis Report 89
5.4 Current Comparison of Buses 90
5.5 Current Comparison of Sub Buses 90
5.6 Voltage Comparison of Buses 91
5.7 Current Comparison of Sub Buses 91
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO TITLE PG NO
1.1 Total install utility power generation capacity 3
1.2 Sector vise energy production 4
3.1 Room Index Value 22
3.2 ILER Assessment 22
3.3 Power Wastage Sample Data 23
4.1 Lighting Arrangement in house 43
4.2 Fan Calculation 63
4.3 Lighting Calculation 64
4.4 Recommendation for Fans 65
4.5 Lighting Calculation for Double Bed Room 66
4.6 Fan calculation for single bedroom 67
4.7 Lighting Calculation for single bedroom 68
4.8 Existing Air Conditioners 69
4.9 Air Conditioners Recommendation 70
4.10 Refrigerator Existing System 70
4.11 Recommendation for Refrigerator 71
4.12 Gyser Existing System 71
4.13 Recommendation for Gysers and Motors 72
4.15 Recommendation for Motors 73
5.1 Micro Grid Calculation 85
5.2 Micro grid Calculation for Networks 86
ABSTRACT
Energy saving is one of the major concerns in the present era. The project highlights the
necessity of Energy Audit in Residential houses in order to see the usage of energy.
The present study deals with the two sections. The first section deals with the energy
audit of University library that has been executed with formulated procedure and
proposed recommendation.
A 11KV/ 430 V 250 KVA Distribution Transformer Feeder is identified and detailed
Energy Audit was carried out for 10 houses connected to the feeder and preliminary
audit was carried out for 122 houses in the next section. Recommendations are
proposed further with Micro grid for reducing the dependency of at least 20% loads of
houses on Main Grid and for encouraging people to generate their own power. The
suggested implementation can improve the energy efficiency of Residential houses and
thereby reducing the energy wastage.
GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 GLOBAL PRESPECTIVE
World’s total Energy consumption [1] was 13,541 Mtoe , or 5.67 × 1020
joules,
equal to an average power consumption of 18.0 terawatts. From 2000–2012 coal
was the source of energy with the largest growth. The use of oil and natural gas
also had considerable growth, followed by hydro power and renewable energy. In
2012 approximately 22% of world energy was consumed in North America, 5%
was consumed South and Central America, 23% was consumed in Europe and
Eurasia, 3% was consumed in Africa, and 40% was consumed in the Asia Pacific
region. In 2013, world energy consumption by power source was oil 31.1%, coal
28.9%, natural gas 21.4%, biofuels and waste 10.2%, nuclear 4.8%, hydro 2.4%,
and 'other' (solar, wind, geothermal, heat, etc.) 1.2%. Oil, coal, and natural gas
were the most popular energy fuels.
India ranks third in the electricity production with 1,208,400 (GWh) as per 2014
following China and United States . India ranks 4th
with electricity consumption of
938,823,000 MWh/year as per 2014. Average power per capita is 101 watt in India
while in China and USA it is 458 watt/person and 1683 watt/person respectively.
Worldwide 1.3 billion people – a population equivalent to that of the entire OECD
continue to live without access to electricity. This is equivalent to 18% of the global
population and 22% of those living in developing countries.Many more suffer from
supply that is of poor quality. More than 95% of those living without electricity are
in countries in sub-Saharan Africa and developing Asia,and they are
predominantly in rural areas (around 80% of the world total). While still far from
complete, progress in providing electrification in urban areas has outpaced that in
rural areas two to one since 2000.
Global energy demand is set to grow by 37% by 2040 in our central scenario, but
the development path for a growing world population and economy is less energy-
intensive than it used to be. In our central scenario, growth in global demand slows
markedly, from above 2% per year over the last two decades to 1% per year after
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2025; this is a result both of price and policy effects, and a structural shift in the
global economy towards services and lighter industrial sectors. The global
distribution of energy demand changes more dramatically, with energy use
essentially flat in much of Europe, Japan, Korea and North America, and rising
consumption concentrated in the rest of Asia (60% of the global total), Africa, the
Middle East and Latin America. A landmark is reached in the early 2030s, when
China becomes the largest oil-consuming country, crossing paths with the United
States, where oil use falls back to levels not seen for decades. But, by this time, it
is India, Southeast Asia, the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa that take over as
the engines of global energy demand growth. By 2040, the world’s energy supply
mix divides into four almost-equal parts: oil, gas, coal and low-carbon sources.
Resources are not a constraint over this period, but each of these four pillars faces
a distinct set of challenges. Policy choices and market developments that bring the
share of fossil fuels in primary energy demand down to just under three-quarters in
2040 are not enough to stem the rise in energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2)
emissions, which grow by one-fifth. This puts the world on a path consistent with a
long-term global average temperature increase of 3.6 °C. The Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change estimates that in order to limit this temperature increase
to 2 °C – the internationally agreed goal to avert the most severe and widespread
implications of climate change – the world cannot emit more than around 1 000
gigatonnes of CO2 from 2014 onwards. This entire budget will be used up by 2040
in our central scenario. Since emissions are not going to drop suddenly to zero
once this point is reached, it is clear that the 2 °C objective requires urgent action
to steer the energy system on to a safer path.
1.2 INDIAN PROSPECTIVE
The utility electricity sector in India had an installed capacity[2] of 302.833 GW as
of 30 April 2016. Renewable Power plants constituted 28% of total installed
capacity and Non-Renewable Power Plants constituted the remaining 72%. The
gross electricity generated by utilities is 1,106 TWh (1,106,000 GWh) and 166
TWh by captive power plants during the 2014–15 fiscal. The gross electricity
generation includes auxiliary power consumption of power generation plants. India
became the world's third largest producer of electricity in the year 2013 with 4.8%
global share in electricity generation surpassing Japan and Russia.
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Fig 1.1 : Sources of Electricity in India by Installed Capacity
During the year 2014-15, the per capita electricity generation in India was 1,010
kWh with total electricity consumption (utilities and non utilities) of 938.823 billion
or 746 kWh per capita electricity consumption. Electric energy consumption in
agriculture was recorded highest (18.45%) in 2014-15 among all countries. The
per capita electricity consumption is lower compared to many countries despite
cheaper electricity tariff in India.
Table 1.1 Total installed utility power generation capacity
The total installed utility power generation capacity as on 31 March 2015 with
sector wise & type wise break up is as given below
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Table 1.2 Sector wise Energy production
"Expanding access to energy means including 2.4 billion people: 1.4 billion that still
have no access to electricity (87% of whom live in the rural areas) and 1 billion that
only has access to unreliable electricity networks. Of the 1.4 billion people in the
world who have no access to electricity, India accounts for over 300 million. The
International Energy Agency estimates India will add between 600 GW to 1,200
GW of additional new power generation capacity before 2050. This added new
capacity is equivalent to the 740 GW of total power generation capacity of
European Union (EU-27) in 2005. The technologies and fuel sources India adopts,
as it adds this electricity generation capacity, may make significant impact to
global resource usage and environmental issues.
Demand trends
During the fiscal year 2014-15, the electricity generated in utility sector[3] is
1,030.785 billion KWh with a short fall of requirement by 38.138 billion KWh (-
3.6%) against the 5.1% deficit anticipated. The peak load met was 141,180 MW
with a short fall of requirement by 7,006 MW (-4.7%) against the 2.0% deficit
anticipated. In a May 2015 report, India's Central Electricity Authority anticipated,
for the 2015–16 fiscal year, a base load energy deficit and peaking shortage to be
2.1% and 2.6% respectively. Southern and North Eastern regions are anticipated
to face energy shortage up to 11.3%. The marginal deficit figures clearly reflect
that India would become electricity surplus during the 12th five-year plan period.
By the end of calendar year 2015, India has become power surplus country
despite lower power tariffs.
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Fig1.2: Comparison of Energy deficit and Peak defecit
Fig 1.3: Region –wise power defecit
Despite an ambitious rural electrification programme[4], some 400 million Indians
lose electricity access during blackouts. While 80% of Indian villages have at least
an electricity line, just 52.5% of rural households have access to electricity. In
urban areas, the access to electricity is 93.1% in 2008. The overall electrification
rate in India is 64.5% while 35.5% of the population still live without access to
electricity.
The 17th electric power survey of India report claims:
Over 2010–11, India's industrial demand accounted for 35% of electrical power
requirement, domestic household use accounted for 28%, agriculture 21%,
commercial 9%, public lighting and other miscellaneous applications
accounted for the rest.
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The electrical energy demand for 2016–17 is expected to be at least 1,392
Tera Watt Hours, with a peak electric demand of 218 GW. The electrical energy demand for 2021–22 is expected to be at least 1,915
Tera Watt Hours, with a peak electric demand of 298 GW.
1.3 TAMILNADU PROSPECTIVE
To satisfy the energy needs of the State, Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution
Corporation Limited has installed capacity of 11884.44 MW which includes State
projects, Central share and Independent Power. Other than this, the State has
installations in renewable energy sources like wind mill, solar, biomass and
cogeneration up to 8219.67 MW
Fig1.4: Source wise Energy generationin Tamilnadu
TNEB has a consumer base of about 20 million consumers. 100% rural
electrification has been achieved. The per capita consumption of Tamil Nadu is
1000 units.
To meet the ever-increasing energy demand in the coming years, TANGEDCO
has proposed new generation for the next 5 years. TANGEDCO has fully
exploited the hydroelectric potential available in the state. However, to balance
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the excess power available during off peak hours and to tide over the peak hour
shortage, a Pumped storage scheme in Kundah for 500 MW has been proposed.
Enviornment Concern
TANGEDCO has also proposed to establish small hydroelectric projects of
capacity less than 25 MW in the run of river scheme with total capacity of 110 MW.
1.4 NEED FOR ENERGY AUDIT
Energy audit means studying the energy consumption pattern in the utilities or
equipments by obtaining necessary data, analyse the same to identify the area
where wastage or losses occur and suggest methods to avoid wastage or loss and
also other consumption measures to ensure efficient use of energy.
Energy is the main input to the economic development . Demand for energy is
increasing day by day due to rapid industrial growth and improvement in the
standard of living of people and also due to population growth. To meet this
increasing demand we have to increase the generation of power by installing new
generating stations but increasing the generation of power without looking into the
aspect of energy conservation is like filling up the bucket, without arresting the
leakage.
One unit of Energy saved is equivalent to two units generated. Energy audit
for efficient use of energy i.e to see that energy is used in a productive manner
with least or no wastage. Energy Audit results in
Reduce the energy cost per unit of production
Minimise the global warming
Reduce the green house gas emission
Better usuage of natural sources
Optimal utilisation of Energy
Stages of Energy Audit
1. Preliminary Audit
2. Detailed Audit
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Preliminary Audit focuses on major Energy supplies and demand of the Industry.
The scope of this audit is to highlight energy cost and to identify wastages in major
equipment processes . It sets priorities for optimising Energy Consumption.
Deailed Audit covers estimation of Energy input for different processes ,losses ,
collection of past data on production level and specific energy consumption.The
scope of this audit is to formulate a detailed plan on the basis of qualitative and
control evaluation, to reduce total energy consumption for the product
manufactured.It should aim at 8 to 10% savings.
Next Chapter we are going to deal with the literature review of Energy Audit and
Micro Grid.
Need for Energy Audit
Lower Energy Bills Energy Audit helps in increasing the efficiency of
home every month when you look at energy bill.
Better Health and saftey Home energy audit often detect poor indoor air
quality which can worsen allergies and lead to long health problem. In order
to improving ventilation, energy audit can identify potentially dangerous
situations such as carbon radon and carbon monoxide in your home.
Environmental impact Home energy audits are environmentlly- friendly.
When your home consumes less energy, you are reducing your carbon
footprint and helping to decrease unnecesary waste and pollution.
Energy Awareness Energy audit helps in creating awreness among
people regarding power usage and energy efficient devices.
Reduction of wastage Energy audit is necessary for reducing wastage of
Energy and for saving Energy to meet the the increasing demand of the
population
Remember – just like a vechile needs a checkup every now and then , so
does your home or commercial building. The effort, time and money put into
an energy audit will pay off in the end.
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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 ENERGY AUDIT REVIEW
A. REVIEW ON ENERGY CONSERVATION AND AUDIT
The paper[5] deals with the various area of application of Energy Conservation
with the suitable techniques that should be adopted for conservation of Energy.
Area of Energy Conservation includes various fields like generating stations,
Transmission lines , Distribution lines , Lighting Systems , Motors, Transformers
.Various techniques are discussed in the paper to conserve energy losses in the
fields mentioned above. Energy Conservation techniques in Transformer includes
Optimization of loading of transformer, By Improvisation in Design and Material of
Transformer and replacing by Energy Efficient Transformers.Energy Conservation
of Transmission line can be done by replacing solid conductors by stranded
conductors and by bundled conductors in HT Line. Reactive power Controllers or
reactive power compensating equipment’s such as Static VAR controllers are
used to control receiving end voltage of transmission lines. Energy can be
conserved in Distribution line by optimization of distribution system by proper
balancing of phase load , by reducing harmonics and by improving power factor .
In lighting System Energy can be conserved by optimum use of natural light,
replacement of incandescent lamps by Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL's) ,
conventional fluorescent lamp by energy efficient fluorescent lamp , use of
electronic ballast in the place of conventional ballast , Installation of separate
transformer for lighting , installation of servo stabilizer for lighting feeder and
control over energy consumption pattern.
Likewise power losses in Motors can be reduced by improving power supply
quality, optimal loading of motors , by proper selection of belts and gears , Use of
soft starter , by improving power factor and replacing conventional motors with
energy efficient motors.
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
B. ENERGY AUDIT: A CASE STUDY TO REDUCE LIGHTING COST
The paper[6] presents a physically based model and formulation for industrial load
management and the load which is mainly considered here is various lighting
loads that are used in the Industry. This paper starts with general introduction
about energy audit followed by Energy Saving on the lighting System in which
there is description about identification of several places during lighting audit of the
factory where the savings are easily guaranteed.
A Detailed Case Study of lighting used in the factory is done where observations
and Analysis of halogen Lamps, florescent tubes and mercury vapors lamps has
been done on the basis of the choke used in the lamp and unit consumption.
The Author recommended to use LED lamps in the place of Conventional
Indicating Lamp. Mathematical calcualtion of unit Consumed , Pay back period
Cost of unit is done in the paper.
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C. Energy Auditing – A Walk-Through Survey
The paper[7] focuses on the importance of energy auditing by considering the
conventional lighting loads of an educational institution and replacing with energy
efficient lamps and comparing the results. An educational building is selected for
the energy auditing due to the fact that the number of people involved in an
educational building is huge and the possibility of energy conservation is more.
Lighting load is where most of the energy is wasted than consumed. In the
educational building, lighting load consumes more than 20% of the total electrical
energy consumption. Replacing the regular tube lights employing electromagnetic
ballast with Compact Florescent Lights (CFLs) and Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) is
discussed in the paper. The total tube light load of the building is around 61.63kW
employing 350 lamps.
Energy Consumption comparison between Tubelights, CFL and LEDs is shown
below after replacement of Tubelights by CFL and LEDs
Cost wise comparison between tube light, CFL and LED is also shown by the table
given below
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
The author recommended to replace the conventional tube lights with energy
saving CFLs or LEDs reduces the energy consumption drastically. In addition to
this the CO2 emission is also reduced when the tube lights are replaced.
Replacing a single tube light with a CFL will keep a half-ton of CO2 out of the
atmosphere over the life of the bulb.
D. The Impact of ETAP in Residential House Electrical Energy Audit
This paper[8] deals with the ETAP simulation and recommendations given after
Energy Audit conducted at one of the houses. According to the electrical energy
audit survey conducted at a home; the single line diagram is drawn by ETAP
simulation software.The figure shows that the single line diagram using ETAP
according to the layout of the house.
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Daily Power Utilization, Equipments Wattage, Age Analysis and Tarriff analysis of
various equipments used in the house is also done in the paper . The layout of the
building is drawn in the ETAP simulation software through which the load analysis
is done. according to the load flow analysis the bus current and voltage drawn is
shown below in figure.
102
100
98
96
( % ) 94
92
VO
LTA
G
E
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25
BUS
Author recommended to use LED in the place of CFL in the home and to to install
Distributed Generation i.e to use solar power to run basic electrical equipments.
Compartive graph of unit consumption with and without DG is also shown by
author in the paper.
2.2 Micro Grid Review
A. Research on Micro-grid Control and Management System
This paper[9] summarizes several ways on coordination control in micro-grid and
introduces some domestic researches on micro-grid control strategies. It is written
on the basis of the achievements on micro-grid control in some developed
countries and current situations on domestic micro-grid control. Firstly, the paper
introduces the objects of micro- grid control study and describes the control
processes of each object thoroughly on different micro-grid control structures.
Then the paper states the researches among the world on micro-grid control
generally. In the end, the paper discusses the research orientation on micro-grid
control which based on the existing problems of micro-grid control and current
situations on regular grid.
Various strategy of Micro-gid Control is described in the paper like Master-Slave
control, Peer-to-peer control and The multi-agent control. Author also discussed
about the micro-grid laboratory and the construction of the demonstration projects
with their own characteristics in various countries like Europe, United States,
Canada, Japan etc.
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Fig 2.1 Schematic diagram of the Bronsbergen Holiday Park micro-grid in
Europe
The Author concluded the paper with the discussion of unresolved issues related
to the Micro-grid like installation Cost , Reliability of the distributed power supply,
The power quality and The protection based on control of micro-grid.
B. Intelligent Micro Grid Research at BCIT
This paper[10] describes a major research initiative by British Columbia Institute of
Technology for the construction of an Intelligent Micro Grid on its campus in Burnaby,
BC, Canada. The British Columbia Institute of Technology (BCIT), is in the process of
designing and developing a scaled-down version of the Intelligent Grid, i.e. an
Intelligent Micro Grid to enable utility companies, technology providers and
researchers to work together to develop and facilitate the commercialization of
architectures, protocols, configurations and models of the evolving Intelligent Grid with
the intention of charting a “path from lab to field” for innovative and cost-effective
technologies and solutions for North America’s evolving Smart Electricity Grid. BCIT’s Intelligent Micro Grid is an RD&D (Research, Development and
Demonstration) platform where existing and future technologies in
telecommunication, smart metering, co- generation and intelligent appliances are
employed to develop and qualify the most robust, cost-effective and scalable
solutions required to facilitate and nurture the evolution and the emergence of the
Smart Grid in one form or another. It enables high-tech companies, end customers
and researchers to work together to develop and qualify various system
architectures, configurations, interface protocols and grid designs to meet national
and global priorities for co-generation, efficient transmission and distribution of
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electricity, load control, demand response, advanced metering and integration of
clean energy sources into the existing and future grids.
Fig 2.2 Main component of BCIT’s Microgrid
C. Study of Micro Grid Safety & Protection Strategies with
Control System Infrastructures
This paper [11] describes micro grid protection and safety concept with central
control and monitoring unit where multifunctional intelligent digital relay could be
used. This central control & monitoring infrastructure is used for adaptive relay
settings strategy for micro grid protection. Also operational safety design concept
and fault mitigation technique is proposed to ensure confidence in protection
system.
Author proposed the adaptive protection strategy of Micro-grid in which central
control unit communicate with all relays and distributed generators in the micro
grid to record their status as ON/OFF, their rated current and their fault current
contribution. Communicate with relay is required to update the operating current
and to detect the direction of the fault currents and thus mitigate the fault properly.
The control unit also records the status of utility grid as connected or micro grid is
islanded for adaptive protection.
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Fig 2.3 Topology of micro grid protection system.
Author also a simple model of micro grid protection structure and fault mitigation
process which is shown in the figure below. In Fault Mitigation Technique process
starts with the fault determination by detecting change in bus bar voltage. Power
direction is measured and based on this fault location detected. The fault point is in
the utility grid if the power direction of the common connection point of utility grid
and point of micro grid is positive. The direction of bus bar pointing to the line sets
as power positive direction. According to the power di- rections of the lines
connected to bus bar, the system can determine whether there is a bus short-
circuit fault. The fault is a bus short circuit fault and breakers of each side of bus
trip, if the power directions of all micro source lines are negative directions. Based
on power di- rection inner fault, bus fault, line fault is determined. Once line fault is
detected fault area/zone is determined and then fault is removed by tripping signal
from relay.
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Fig 2.4 Flow Chart of fault Mitigation Technique
Author concluded the paper with the brief description of proposed intelligent micro
grid protection system using digital relaying with central control and monitoring
infrastructure and its benefits over others.
The paper discussed in section 2.1 provides general recommendation for all
motors, transformers, lighting system without any mathematical calculation and
proposed recommendation. Paper 2.2 only deals with lighting audit where
necessary recommendation with calculation is given but here replacement of
existing lighting system is not done on the basis of required lux level of the area.
Paper 2.3 is an Energy auditing- Walk through survey paper which is again mainly
based on lighting system of the University in which recommendation, calculation,
cost wise comparison of CFL, LED and Tubelights is shown but specification
description of lighting brand and proper anlalysis of lighting equipments is not
done. Paper 2.4 deals with energy audit of residential house where
recommendation is given after load flow Analysis using E-TAP Software package.
In this paper Author is recommended to install solar panel but output is not shown
in simulation. Paper 2.5- 2.7 deals with the Micro-grid in which control system ,
protection strategies and charcteristics of Intelligent Micro-grid is discussed but
normally how micro grid restructurring can help the local residential consumers to
save power, to reduce tarrif and to generate their own electricity is not mentioned.
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
This project provides solution for all the above inferences. The Project is divided
into two stages i.e First stage is in which detailed Lighting Audit of University
Library and Substation is done while Second stage deals with Restructurring of
Distribution Transformer feeder with Micro Grid through efficient Energy Audit and
Management in which detailed audit of ten residential houses while preliminary
audit of remaining 122 houses is done which is connected to11KV/430 V , 250
KVA Distribution Transformer . Two types of recommendations are given i.e
general recommendation and recommendation with Micro-Grid which includes
both solar and Wind i.e implemented for 65 houses out of 132 using E-TAP
software and proper output is shown. Next Chapter deals with the Data Monitoring
Chapter.
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
Chapter 3
DATA MONITORING
The team consist of three bmembers named Priyanka Kumari ,Pooja Kumari
Sujan.K of B.TECH final year . Energy audit is conducted in 132 houses
connected to Bilroth Distribution transformer 11KV/430 V 250 KVA in
Madurvoyal Area of Chennai Deailed Audit is conducted in 10 houses and
preliminary audit is conducted in remaining 122 houses.
Data collection started from Jan 2016 by taking reading of voltage and current at
transformer end using clamp meter from morning 9’O Clock to night 9’O Clock .
This process continued for one week. It is done to know the peak load time. After
that auditing is done for many houses of the area for which procedures are given
below.
Data observation and Calculations are discussed in this section. This work
executed with our own procedure to start and end the audit process. The basic
structure of the data analysis and observation were taken on the basis of the
reference taken from this paper
Procedure For Audit
1. Record the phase-line and line-line voltage of the house,
2. Check the status of ear thing and measures earth voltage
3. Collect the Data with respect to data sheet format
4. Draw the single line diagram of the house
5. Collect the Energy meter tariff survey for past 5 years
6. Collect the data for daily load curve
7. Real time load data collection, voltage , current and P.F
8. Click the pictures of damage wiring etc
9. Collect the answer for survey questions.
10. Energy wastage Audit
11. Observation of Regular fault occur in a house
12. Observation of safety measures
13. Preparation of EA report with suitable recommendation.
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
140
120 A
mp
s) 100
80
(
Cu
rren
t
60
40
20
0
Duration
Fig 3.1 Current vs duration curve
The above figure shows the value of current in different intervals of time. From the
above figure it is clear that current will be peak between 10-11 A.M , 2-3 P.M and
5-6 P.M
230
229
(VO
LT) 228
227
volt
age
226
225
224
223
Duration
Fig 3.2 Voltage vs duration curve
The above figure shows the value of voltage at different intervals of time. From the above graph it is clear that voltage value is maximum between 7-8 P.M
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
3.1 UNIVERSITY LIBRARY DATA
Fig 3.3: Layout Sketch of the Library
Power Utilization Analysis: The usage of power across the library is presented in
the pi-chart. It shows that the lighting occupies 75% of the library. The representation
of total number of equipments used is shown in figure 3.2
Fig.3.4 : Daily Unit Consumption on the university library.
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
160
140
120
100
80
60 136
40 66
20 35
0
Light fittings Fans Desktops
Fig.3.5 No of Equipment fitted
3.1.1 Index level Calculation
Theoretical lux level and Room Index calculation [12-14] for the given area is
calculated using the specified formula given by Installed lux = total no of fitting * no of
lamps per fittings * L.D.L output of each lamp
Lux Level -LHS side of the library = 1074.34 lx/m^2
Lux Level -RHS side of the library = 1075.26 lx/m^2
Lux level - Central portion of the library = 1279.56 lx/m^2
3.1.2 Room Index : Room Index is given by Room Index = length * width / Mounting
height * (length+ width)
But here for this library we need to find the room index of both LHS and RHS side as
width of both side is different.
Room index of LHS side = 4 Room
index of RHS side =4.9 Room index
of central room = 1.17 Room index
of main central = 2.37
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
TABLE 3.1 Room Index Value
Room Index No.of
Value Measurement
Below one 9
Between (1 – 2) 16
Between ( 2-3) 25
Above 3 36
3.1.3 ILER (Installed Load Efficiency Ratio) Calculation: The procedure to
calculate ILER is presented below in steps
Step 1:- Measure the floor area of the interior
Step 2:- Calculate the room index Step3:- Determine total circuits watts of installation
Step 4:- Calculate watt per m^2
Step 5:- Ascertain the average maintained illuminate
Step 6:- Divide Step 5 by 4 to calculate actual lux / watt/ m^2
Step 7:- Obtain target lux/w/m^2
Step 8:- Calculate ILER (Divide step 6 by7)
The calculated value of ILER in all the area are presented below
Lux level required = 53
ILER = 0.28(LHS)
ILER = 0.28 (RHS)
ILER = 0.37(Counter room)
ILER = 0.5(Central room)
Table3. 2: ILER Assessment
ILER Assessment
0.75 or over Satisfactory or good
0.51- 0.74 Review Suggested
0.5 or less Urgent action required
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
With reference to the ILER ratio of all the rooms, it indicates that urgent action is
needed for LHS, RHS and counter room. There is a review suggested for central
room. This will help us to identify guarantee for strong recommendation.
3.1.4 Wastage Audit
The power wastage in the library is audited for the period of one month. The average
analysis for four days is presented in the table 3.3
Table 3.3 : Power Wastage Sample Data
TIMING DAY 1 DAY 2 DAY 3 DAY 4
10- 12 A.M 10 Fittings, 3 10 fittings, 4 14 fittings, 4 8 fittings
fans fans fans
12- 2 P.M 25 fittings, 14 17 fittings, 20 15 fittings , 18 20 fittings, 15 fans , 2 fans, 3 fans ( 3 fans
Desktop (sleep Desktop ( desktop sleep
mode) Sleep mode) mode)
2-4 P.M 16 fittings , 14 15 fittings, 10 14 fittings, 12 10 fittings, 6
fans , 2 fans, 2 fans ( 2 fans (4 Desktop (sleep Desktop Desktop sleep Desktops Sleep
mode) (Sleep mode) mode) mode)
4 6 P.M 30 fittings, 14 28 fittings, 30 fittings, 8 20 fittings, 5 fans , 3 5fans fans fans
Desktop (
sleep mode)
Fig.3.6 Watt Hour Wastage
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
3.2 SAMPLE DATA OF SINGLE HOUSE
Fig 3.7 Single line diagram of Triple bed room house
Above figure shows the single line diagram of Individual houses where 22 buses are
used. More number of loads are connected to fifth circuit breaker. All loads used in
the home are are shown by lumped load.
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
Fig 3.8 ETAP Load flow Analysis chart for the single house
Above figure shows the ETAP load flow analysis of single line diagram of individual
house in which Bus 1 is having more current because heavy load is connected to this
bus.
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
Exist Amp
3.5
3
2.5
Am
p 2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Fig 3.9 ETAP Single House existing current output
Above shows the current value drawing different loads of Single house. It is clear
from above graph Load 8 , 10, 17, 19 , 48 are drawing more current .
2.5
2
1.5
K W
1 Exist kW
0.5
0
Load
1
Load
3
Load
5
Load
8
Load
10
Lo
ad1
2
Load
15
Lo
ad1
7 Lo
ad1
9 Lo
ad2
1 Lo
ad2
3
Load
25
Lo
ad2
7 Lo
ad2
9 Lo
ad3
1 Lo
ad3
3
Load
35
Load
48
Lo
ad5
0 Lo
ad5
2 Lo
ad5
4
Fig 3.10 ETAP Single House Exisiting Power output
Above graph shows the power consumed by different loads in which some of the
load such load 8 , 10, 17, 19 and 48 are consuming more power.
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
other
water motor kitchen 4% instr
Refrigerator 15%
light
4% 48% A/C
11%
fan 18%
Fig 3.11 The number of equipments
Above pie- chart shows the percentage of different equipments used in the house
in which light accounts maximum percentage.
usage in a year 2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0 light fan A/C Refrigerator water motor other kitchen
instr
Fig 3.12 annual unit consumption by equipments
Above graph shows annual unit consumption of different equipments used in the
house. It is clear from above graph AC is consuming more power followed by water
pumping motor , fans etc.
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
3.3 Over all Residential house data
Fig 3.13 Existing layout of Bilroth Transformer 11kv/430V , 250KVA feeder
Above figure shows the layout of all 132 houses connected to Distribution
Transformer . Total number of houses connected to the single pole is kept inside the
network .
Fig 3.14 The expansion of the Network 18
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
Fig 3.15 Existing layout ETAP load flow output
The above figure shows the ETAP load flow analysis report of layout of 132 houses
connected to the one Distribution Transformer. Above figure shows the value of
current , voltage , power and power factor.
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
500
450
400
350
300
250
A m p 200
150
100
50
0
Fig 3.16 ETAP Existing bus current output
The above figure shows the current output for different bus. It is clear from above
figure that some of the buses is having more current as compared to others . It is
because of more number of house connection to the one pole.
120
100
80
60
Amp
40
20
0
S.Bus…
S.Bus…
S.Bus…
S.Bus…
S.B
us…
S.Bus…
S.Bus…
S.Bus…
S.Bus…
S.Bus…
S.Bus…
S.Bus…
S.Bus…
S.Bus…
S.Bus…
S.Bus…
S.Bus…
S.Bus…
S.Bus…
S.Bus…
S.Bus…
S.Bus…
S.Bus…
S.Bus…
S.Bus…
S.Bus…
Fig 3.17 ETAP Existing Sub bus current output
The above figure shows the current output for different Sub Buses. It is clear from
above figure that some of the buses is having more current as compared to others . It
is because of more number of loads connec tion to the one pole.
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
430
410
390
370 V
olt
350
330
310
290
270
250
bu
s 1
Bu
s 3
Bu
s5
Bu
s7
Bu
s9
Bu
s11
Bu
s13
Bu
s15
Bu
s17
Bu
s19
Bu
s21
Bu
s23
Bu
s25
Bu
s27
B
us
29
B
us
31
Bu
s33
B
us
35
Fig 3.18 ETAP Existing bus voltage output
The above figure shows the voltage output for
figure that voltage value decreases slightly
transformer increases.
different Buses. It is clear from above
as the distance of the bus from
420 410
400
390
380
370
360
Vo
lt 350
340
330
320
310
300
290
280
270
260
S.B
us1
.11
S.B
us2
.2
S.B
us1
5.1
S.B
us2
1.3
S.B
us2
2.3
S.B
us2
3.2
S.B
us2
4.1
S.B
us2
4.7
S.B
us2
4.1
4
S.B
us2
4.2
0
S.B
us2
6.6
S.B
us2
7.1
S.B
us2
8.2
7
S.B
us2
8.3
4
S.B
us3
0.1
S.B
us3
0.7
S.B
us3
1.2
S.B
us3
2.3
S.B
us3
3.4
S.B
us3
4.3
S.
Bu
s35
.3
Fig 3.19 ETAP Existing Sub bus voltage output
The above figure shows the voltage output for different Sub Buses. It is clear from
above figure that voltage value decreases slightly and then become constant.
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
Refrigerator
gysers 6%
AC 4%
6% motor
5%
fan Light 19% 60%
Fig 3.20 The number of equipments fitted in total houses
The above figure shows the percentage of Equipment present in total 132 houses. It
is clear from above figure that lighting alone accounts 60% followed by fan , AC,
Refrigerators etc.
1000000
900000
800000
/yea
r
700000
600000
con
sum
ed
500000
400000
Un
it
300000
200000
100000
0
Fig 3.21 Units Consumed per year
The above figure shows the unit consumed by different equipments of 132 houses. It
is clear from above figure that AC is consuming more unit as compared to other
equipments.
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
Chapter 4
RECOMMENDATION
The recommendations which are give after a audit can be take as a best suggestion
for the betterment of energy saving , especially the best suggestion you choose the
better result you get. Mostly recommendations are based on the average of both
particle and theoretical value. Auditing provide clear and reliable information on
potential investment and saving the electricity in long term benefits, by calculating net
present values cash flow and the resulting discounted saving over time. This
enhances considerably the quality and value of the recommendations.
Recommendations are divided into various categories on different basis that are
mentioned below.
Types of Recommendation
On the basis investment
A. Minimum Investment recommendation
B. Medium investment recommendation
C. Maximum investment recommendation
On the basis of benefits
A. Minimum Benefits recommendation
B. Maximum Benefit recommendation
On the basis of Quality
A. High Quality recommendation
B. Low Quality recommendation
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
Need for recommendation
An audit recommendation , which includes an analysis of your energy
consumption, will reveal how energy is used in your home.
Understanding where energy is being used will empower you to make
adjustments and improvements that will result in lower energy bills and/or
greater comfort.
Once the comfort and efficiency details of your home are revealed through an
energy assessment.
Recommendations for improving home performance can be formulated and
quantified to help you make decisions about which to pursue.
According to the definition in the ISO 50002 standard, an energy audit is a
systematic analysis of energy use and energy consumption within a defined
energy audit scope, in order to identify, quantify and report on the opportunities
for improved energy performance.
Therefore, an energy audit is an energy assessment. This evaluation analyses
energy flows in a building, processor system to reduce the amount of energy
input into the system whilst maintaining or improving human comfort, health
and safety. The level of detail of this evaluation determines the type of audit.
General Recommendations and Recommendations with Mic ro Grid are discussed
in the Project . General Recommendations includes Recommendations with and
without investment. Micro Grid Recommendation consist of Solar panel and Wind
mill design and implementations.
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
4.1 RECOMMENDTION OF UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
4.1.1 Recommendation without investment:
According to the layout of the library, we have recommended some of the best
saving tips by which electrical energy can be saved and tariff without an
investment by proper utilization and also reduce tariff in their bills. These are
the important tips to save energy in library.
• Unplug and switch off the entire electric device of appliance that is not in
used to reduce no – load losses.
• Clean the fittings regularly at least once in a week as a heavy cost of dust
can block 50 % of light output.
• Remove the cut covering used in the fitting by plain glass. It also reduce the
amount of light output
• Clean the fan blades regularly as heavy coat of dust in fan blades reduces
motor efficiency and output. The
• Light control may consist of a row of switches at the main circulation desk
provided that single switch is
• Connected to every single fitting. Adjustable window covering can be
provided so that direct sunlight does not reach the stack or other sensitive
materials.
Fig.4.1 Wastage audit Saving Graph
With reference to the figure 4.1 indicated that the library can save above 300 units
per month, if they maintain proper switching procedure.
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
4.1.2 Recommendation with Rearrangement:
Calculations of No. of fittings
required N= E* A/ F*UF*LLF
Where,
E= lux level required on working
plane A= Area of the room
F= Total flux (lumens) from all the lamps in one
fittings UF= utilization factor
N= 500 *1040.48 / 2800 *3*0.75*0.63 = 131 fittings
So total 131 fittings are required in the library
Total 136 fittings are available in the library; Hence 5 fittings are extra in the
library.
Unit used per day = 127.3
Fig.4.2 Proposed Layout with Rearrangement
Fig.4.3: Saving graph on the monthly and yearly basis.
Above shows the saving graph on monthly and yearly basis with rearrangement
of lighting equipments in the library. 38
GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
4.1.3 Recommendation with Investments:
The lighting design is reworked for fixing of LED lighting and the proposed layout if
shown in figure 4.4. It represented by 120 number of light fitting, which are 16 light
set reductions when compared with the existing system.
No of LED light required (Type 15W square LED) = 120 Fitting *2 set light =240
Unit consumed by 240 LEDs = 3600watts = 28.8 units /day (Average
8hours/day)
Unit consumed /month = 720unit/month
Money invested in buying total LED = Rs 80,000
Money Saved / month by using LED in the place of CFL =Rs12652
Money will be repaid in approx 2 years
Fig.4.4 Proposed lighting Recommendation layout for the university library
Fig.4.5 Comparison of Unit Saved after Proposed System
Above figure shows the amount of unit consumed by existing lighting equipments
of Library and proposed system. It is clear from the above figure that proposed
system is consuming less energy as compared to the existing system.
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
4.1.4 Recommendation with On Grid Solar:The study on the library states that
the daily usage of library from 9is to 8pm. The study also reveals that the average
number of light used per day in the library is 90 to 100. It is recommended to
implement on-grid solar connected system to glow all the 100 LED light from 10am
to 5pm.
Total watts required = 100* 15 = 1500watts
The number of solar panel required = 12
Total cost of solar panel and control equipment= 12 *Rs 14700 = Rs
176400 The unit saved per day by solar implementation = 20 unit
Fig.4.6 Comparison of Unit Saved after Proposed Solar System
Above graph shows the comparison of unit consumed by lighting equipments for
exisiting Rearrangement, Proposed and solar. It is clear from above graph that unit
consumption is very less for proposed system.
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
4.2 GENERAL ISSUES AND RECOMMENDATION FOR INDIVIDUAL HOUSE 4.2.1 ISSUES:
1. The equipments were not switched off properly after regular use.
2. The deforstation of refrigerator is not done regularly and the refrigerator was
kept near to wall. Hot food and steel vessels was kept inside the refrigerator
that will consume more energy. Heavy loads were kept inside the fridge.
3. Condenser was not clean and maintained properly.
4. Blades of fan were not cleaned in most of the houses.
5. Water Pumping Motor was very old.
6. Wiring connection is not proper which is not safe.
7. No Proper window facilities were in that house.
8. Analog Energy Meter was present in the house
Fig 4.7 Energy Meter
Above figure shows the Energy meter used in the house
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
Fig 4.8 Refrigerator Condition
Fig 4.9 12 years old water pumping motor
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
4.2.2 Recommendation without investment
Turn lights off when it is not in used or leave a room-saving energy 0.5%. Keep the fridge at 40 degree F and the freezer at 0 degree F empty and
then turn off your fridge if you go on long vacation saving energy 0.5 to
0.6%.
Check the condenser coil,the evaporater coils, the blower wheel the filter,
the lubrication and the electrical contacts. Turn off central air conditioning 30 minute beforeleving your home it will
save 0.2% energy .Check your hot water temperature .If does not need to
be any higher than 140 degree F for washing purpose. Plug the basin or both when your run any hot water.Make sure hot water
tabs are always turned off properly. Use your dryer for consecutive loads, because the built up heat between
loads will use less energy.If you need to tumble dry, try a lower temperature
setting we consume 0.12%. Wash full load of machine-you will use your machine less often saving time,
and more efficient energy.
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
4.2.3 Recommendation with investment
A.Recommendation for lighting system for Single House
Table 4.1 Lighting Arrangement in house
TRIPLE BED ROOM
Room Present Required lumens Restructured
Arrangement arrangement
Bed Room 1 2 Tubelights (40 4971 lumen 3 LED Tubelights
watt) (16 watt each)
(2800*2 = 5600 4800 lumen
lumens)
Bed Room 2 2 Tubelights 3300 lumen 2 LED Tubelight (
( 5600 lumen) 3200 lumen)
Bed Room 3 2 Tubelight 4900 lumen 3 LED tubelight (
( 5600 lumen) 4800 lumen)
Hall 4 Tubelight 8200 lumen 5 LED Tubelight
(11200 lumen) ( 8000 lumen)
Kitchen 1 tubelight 3300 lumen 2 LED Tubelight
( 2800 lumen) 3200 lumen
Balcony 1 CFL ( 18 watt) 700 lumen 1 more CFL ( 18
200 lumen watt)
400 lumen
Cost Analysis of Triple Bed Room house
Money Invested for Restructuring = Rs 12000
Present lighting Arrangement Consumes = 1211.04 unit /
year Present Electricity Bill = Rs 7266.24 / year
Restructured Lighting Arrangement Consumes = 819.36 unit / year
Electricity Bill due to Restructured Arrangement = Rs 4916.16 Pay
Back Period = 5 year approx
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
Fig 4.10 SYSKA LED T5 Tube Lights
SYSKA LED T5 Tube Lights are more efficint at power saving as compaired to the
regular tube lights. These simple and easy-to-install fixtures are an undoubted
champion for your regular lighting purposes.
Model Name: LED T5 TUBE LIGHTS
Model Number: SSK-RA1601-N
Input Power: 16W
Input Voltage: AC90~300V 50Hz
Color Temperature: 3000K-6500K
Size: 26.5x1200(L)
CRI: More than 80
Beam Angle: 120 deg
Lumens: 1600
Operating Temperature: (-20 deg to 60 deg centigrade)
COLOR:
White/Cool Day Ligh
APPLICATIONS:
Offices • Mall • Residential • Showrooms
FEATURES:
Elegant Look
Lower Consumption and Energy Saving
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Lumens 1600
Input Power 16W
Input Voltage 90-300V AC-50HZ
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
B. RECOMMENDATION FOR FAN
Existing fan Calculation
No. of Total Avg Usage Existing Unit Electricit House No. of hour by Fan Consumed/ y Bill Fans each house year
1 5 3 60 watt 864 unit Rs 5184
Unit Consumed per day by triple BHK fans = 2.4 unit/day
Unit Consumed per year by Triple BHK fans = 864 unit/yr
Electricity Bill paid per year by Triple BHK = Rs 5184
Proposed System for fan
No. of Total Avg Usage Recommended Unit Payback House No. of hour by Fan Consumed/ Period Fans each house year
1 5 3 Super fan 504 unit 2.9 year
(35 watt)
Unit Consumed per day by fans of Triple BHK House = 2 unit/day
Unit Consumed per year by fans of all Triple BHK House = 504
unit/year Electricity Bill paid per year by 3BHK houses = Rs 3024
Pay back Period = 2.9 year
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
Ceiling fans are the most neglected appliances when people think about reducing
electricity consumption in their house. Most people focus on lighting to fix their
high electricity bills, but fans consume a lot more than lights. To give a perspective
a regular (non BEE star rated) ceiling fan consumes 75 Watts as compared to a
regular (most inefficient) tubelight that consumes 55 Watts. Also a ceiling fan is
used during the day as well as night whereas a light is used only during the night.
In totality ceiling fans consumes more than twice or thrice the amount of electricity
as compare to lights. But most people ignore power consumption of ceiling fans
while buying them. BEE or Bureau of Energy Efficiency in India started rating
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
ceiling fans of 1200mm sweep (regular sized ceiling fans) a few years back and
since then the manufacturers have started coming out with efficient ceiling fans.
The basis of this ranking is the data from BEE (Bureau of Energy
Efficiency). BEE data contains power consumption and air delivery of a
Ceiling Fan and this information is self reported by the manufacturers. The
data is calculated in test conditions.
Service Value or (air delivery/power consumption) are ued for giving ranking
to various models of ceiling fans. The Ceiling Fan with the maximum value
of Service Value is given the highest ranking. Multiple models with the same
value are given the same rank.
The list below contains only the top ten ranked Ceiling Fans. List of all BEE
star rated Ceiling Fans are given below
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
Super fan
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
ORBIT GREEN BL 30
General
BrandOrbit
Product CodeHOMORBIT-MARS-BORBI55577FA8252EF
Model NameMars BL30
No of Blades3
Motor Speed370 RPM
SIZE48 INCHES
Sweep1200 mm
Number of Speed Settings 4
ColorWhite typeCeiling Fan
Power n
Power Consumption31 W
Addtional Features
Air Flow 210Cmm
C. Recommendation on refrigerator.
Existing
Number of Star Rating Power Unit Consumed/ year House Consumption
1 3 star 600 watt 1728 unit/year
Unit consumed per day = 4.8 unit/day
Unit consumed per year = 1728 unit/year
Electricity Bill paid per year = Rs 10368
Proposed
Number of Star Rating Power Unit Consumed/ year House Consumption
1 5 star 300 watt 864 unit/year
After recommendation
Unit consumed per day = 2.4 unit
Unit consume per year=864 unit/ year
Electricity bill= Rs 5184 49
GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
Product Description
Fastest in Ice Making: Without putting extra load on the compressor, LG Direct
Cool Refrigerators make ice 20% faster with a specially designed patented ice
tray. So whenever you get an idea to surprise your loved ones with a chilled drink,
you’re ready without pressing any button. Anti bacterial gasket: This easy to
clean removable airtight gasket seals in the freshness and keeps out the bacteria
and dust particles accumulated in the door seal. It stops mould spores from
entering and spoiling the food inside, keeping it healthy and hygienic for longer
periods. Beauty & Care Box: Now your refrigerator gives you a separate corner to
store your entire medical and beauty products. Preserve their goodness and give
them a touch of freshness with this unique feature.
General feature
Capacity 215 L
BEE star rating 5
No of door 1
Door types single
Refrigerator features
Material Used for Shelves Toughened Glass
Colors Available Scarlet Paradise, Graphite Paradise, Marine Paradise
Large Bottle Shelf with Spill Guard is present
Freezer featureConvenience feature
Ice tray is present Door lock is present
50
GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
D. Recommendation on air conditioners
EXISTING
No of AC STAR RATED UNIT CONSUME PER YEAR
3 3 star rated(2000W) 2340 unit per year
Unit consume in one day= 24 unit/day
Unit consume per year= 8640 unit/yr
Electricity bill= Rs 51840
Proposed
No of AC Star rated Unit consume per year
3 5 star rated(1500w) 6480 unit/year
Unit consume per day = 18 unit/day
Unit consume per year=6480 unit/ yr
Electricity bill= Rs 38880
Product Description
Powerful AC with decent power consumption. Godrej presents to its user a great
way to love summers with its powerful AC of 1.5 ton capacity. The Split AC
effectively cools down the temperature of a large room or work place of up to 170
square feet area. Salient Features. The dehumidifier feature balances the humidity
level which is very useful for Indian climate. It features rotary compressor which
gives the AC long life. It performs in a very low noise level. Its Auto Air Swing
mode maximizes the circulation of air across the room effectively. Clean air to
breathe in featuring the auto clean mode, Godrej 1.5 Ton 5 Star GSC 18 FG 5
WMG Split AC fights the air borne bacteria and impurities to give you the gift of
fresh air. Besides its anti bacteria filter
the AC also features auto clean function which is very useful in optimising the life .
The turbo mode instantly lowers the room temperature making it possible for the
51
GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
user to enter the room without waiting for long. However its sleek design and luxe
exterior makes it a perfect home decor item for your room or office space. It is
reliable after sales service. When you buy Godrej AC online you ensure worry free
air conditioning year after year. The AC offers 1 year of warranty on the main unit
and 5 years of warranty on its compressor.
General Features
Type Split AC
Capacity 1.5 Tonnes
Star Rating 5 Star
Compressor Rotary
Hot & Cold -
Panel Display LED
Power Specifications
Power 220 - 240 V
Supply –
Voltage
Power Single Phase
Supply –
Phase
Power 50 Hz
Supply –
Frequency
E. RECOMMENDATION ON MOTER
There is 1 house in which onemotor is there.
Existing
Number Type Power Age of Avg Unit Electricity of Consumption Motor Usage Consumed Bill Motor /hour
1 1 hp 860 watt 12 3 hour 900 Rs 5400
year unit/year
52
GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
Proposed
House Avg Usage hour Unit Electricity Consumed/yr Bill
1 3 hour 157.68 Rs 946 /yr
Unit consumed per year = 157.68 unit/yr
Electricity Bill = Rs 946.08
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
Working Principle: Submersible,Cantilever,Centrifugal
Main applications: Slurry,Sewage
Driver: Electric motor
Power Specs: 380/415V 3phase; 220/240V
1phase; 50hz/60hz
Max.permissible fluid 80°C(176°F)
temperature:
Type of connection: Flange
Installation position: Vertical
Casing/Inner parts Cast iron,stainless steel / Cast
material: iron,stainless steel
Shaft seal type: Mechanical sealing
Free passage: 50% of caliber diameter
Maximum drive rating: 22KW(30HP)
Maximum caliber: 150mm(6inch)
Maximum discharge-side 0.2MPa(2bar)
pressure:
Maximum head: 20m(65.6ft)
Flow rate range: 20-180m3/h(88-792US.GPM)
53
GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
PERFORMANCE DATA
MODEL CAPACITY HEAD EFFICIENCY MOTOR SPEED PUMP POWER HEIGHT
(M^3/h) M % KW (r/min) Mm
NL50-8 20-30 8-9 42 1.5 1450 1310
NL50A-
8
F. RECOMMENDATION FOR GYSEER
Existing
Unit consumed per day = 3.5 unit/day
Unit consumed per year = 1260 unit/year
Electricity Bill= Rs 7560
Number of Gyser Power Consumption Age of Unit Consumed /
Geaser year
1 3500 watt 15 years 1260
Proposed
Type of Gyser Power Consumption Unit Electricity
Consumed/yr Bill
15L SWH Aqua 2000 watt 720 Rs 4320 Genie Geyser
Unit consumed per day = 2.5 unit/day
Unit consumed per year = 900 unit/year
Electricity Bill= Rs 5400
54
GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
100 % Original Product with Brand Warranty | 2+5 Years Warranty
High Pressure Withstanding Capacity Suitable for High Rise Buildings
Incoloy 800 Element with Enamel Coating for Longer Life
Blue Sapphire Enamel Coating on Tank to Prevent from Rust and Corrosion
Preset Thermal Cutout with CE Mark
ELCB - Earthing Protection Device 16 Amp with CE Mark
Weather-proofing IPX4
Fire Retardant CFC-free PUF Insulation
Multi-function Safety Valve
Magnesium Anode Rod to Prevent Rust and Corrosion
ABS Material of Outer Body for Better Finish and Strength
5 Stars Rated
General
Brand Usha
Model SWH AQUA GENIE 15 L
Voltage 220-240V AC, 50Hz
Wattage 2000W
Capacity 15 L
Rated Water 0.8 Mpa
Pressure
Gross Weight 11.8 kg
55
GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
10000 9000
con
sum
ed/y
r 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000
Un
it
3000 2000
1000 0
Fig 4.11 Unit Consumed per year by EquipmentsBefore recommendation
Above figure shows the unit consumed by equipments of individual house before
recommendation. In this it is clear that unit consumed by AC is around 8500
unit/year which is very high as compared to other equipments.
7000
6000
con
sum
ed
/yr
5000
4000
3000
Un
it
2000
1000
0
Fig 4.12 Unit Consumed per year by EquipmentsAfter Recommendation
Above figure shows the unit consumed by equipments of individual house after
recommendation. In this it is clear that unit consumed by AC is reduced 6200
unit/year likewise unit consumption by other equipments is also reduced.
56
GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
10000
9000
/ye
ar
8000
7000
con
sum
ed
6000
5000
4000
3000
Un
it
2000
1000
0
Fig 4.13 Comparison of Unit Consumed per year by Equipments
Above figure shows the comparison of unit consumed by different equipments
before and after recommendation. It is clear from above graphing that unit
consumed by different equipments before recommendation is more as compared
to the proposed one.
Ele
ctri
city
Bill
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
Existing bill
0
Fig 4.14 Electricity Bill paid by Consumers Before recommendation
57
GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
Above figure shows the electricity bill paid by consumer of individual house before
recommendation. In this it is clear that electricity bill paid by consumer for AC is
around Rs 5000 which is very high as compared to other equipments.
45000
40000
35000
Bill
30000
Ele
ctri
city
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
Fig 4.15 Electricity Bill paid by Consumers After Recommendation
Above figure shows the electricity bill paid by consumer of individual house after
recommendation. In this it is clear that electricity bill paid by consumer for AC is
comedown to Rs 3700.
60000
50000
Bill
40000
Elec
tric
ity
30000
20000
10000
0
Fig 4.16 Comparison of Electricity Bill paid by Consumers
Above Figure shows the comparison of the electricity bill by the consumer and the difference is shown after the recommendation on the sample house.
58
GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
Fig 4.17 Single line diagram with recommended data
Above figure shows the single line diagram of individual house with recommended data. and the load flown the bus and the network on the sample house.
59
GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
Fig 4.18 Proposed ETAP load flow analysis of Individual House
Above figure shows about the distribution for the current and load flow on a sample house. and the load compensation from the mail junction and the output simulation data on a sample case.
60
GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
recom kW
1.6
1.4
1.2
(kw
) 1
po
we
r 0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
Fig 4.19 ETAP Proposed Power output graph
This shows the Etap power output for different loads connected to the buses from
this figure it is clear that some of the loads are consuming more power as
compared to others.
recomAmp
2.5
2
(Am
p)
1.5
Cu
rre
nt
1
0.5
0
Fig 4.20 ETAP Proposed Current output graph
This shows the Etap current output for different loads connected to the buses
from this figure it is clear that some of the loads are drawing more current as
compared to others.
61
GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
Exist Amp recomAmp
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Fig 4.21 ETAP CurrentComparison Graph
Above figure shown the comparison of current output before and after
recommendation
Exist kW recom kW
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Load
1
Load
3
Load
5
Load
8
Load
10
Lo
ad1
2
Load
1
5
Load
1
7
Load
19
Lo
ad2
1 Lo
ad2
3
Load
25
Lo
ad2
7 Lo
ad2
9
Load
31
Load
33
Lo
ad3
5
Load
48
Lo
ad5
0
Load
52
Load
54
Fig 4.22 ETAP Power Comparison Graph
Above figure shown the comparison of power output before and after
recommendation
62
GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
4.3 Recommendationfor 132 houses
4.3.1 RECOMMENDATION WITHOUT INVESTMENT
1. Clean fans blades periodically which improves the performance life of the fan
2. Keep refrigerator away from the wall to allow air to circulate around
the Refrigerator
3. Avoid frequent closing and opening of refrigerator door.
4. Allow heated food stuff to cool down to normal temperature before
Refrigerating
5. Defrost regularly to keep freezers working their best.
6. Thermostat control in refrigerators should be adjusted to optimum
level Depending upon climatic condition.
7. Use washing machine to its full capacity
8.Avoid using dryer in washing machine whenever possible
9. Always use nylon belt in grinders (which reduces the friction)
10. Avoid ironing one or two clothes daily and adopt large scale iron.
11. Turn off your computers when not in use, a computer that runs 24 hours a day
for instance, uses more power than an energy efficient refrigerator.
12. If your computer must be left on, turn off the monitor this device alone uses
more than half the systems energy.
13. Setting computers, Monitors, and copiers to use sleep mode when not in use
helps in cue energy costs by approximately 40%
14. Use solar water heater wherever possible.
15. Avoid water leakage in taps/joints.
16. Always insulate hot water pipes to reduce heat loss
63
GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
B. RECOMMENDTION WITH INVESTMENT
4.3.1 Triple Bed Room
A. Existing fan Calculation
Total No of fans for 37 Triple Bed Room House = 5* 37 = 185
Unit Consumed per day by total 37 house fans = 88.8 unit
Unit Consumed per year by total 37 house fans = 31968 unit
Electricity Bill paid per year by 37 houses = Rs 159840
Recommendation for Fans
Table 4.2 Fan Calculation
S.NO No.of Total no of Types of 3 bed room house
Customers fans fans
Unit Unit Electricit Pay
demand Changed consumed/da consumed y Bill for Back
from each y /year yr Period
house
1. 10 2*10 = 20 Super fan 5.6 unit 2016 unit Rs 6
10080 years
2. 7 2* 7 = 14 Orbit 4.96 unit 1785.6 Rs 8928 8 years
greenBL 30 unit
3. 20 2 * 20 = 40 5 star rated 16 unit 5760 Rs 5 years
fans Unit 28800
After Recommendation
Unit Consumed per day by fans of all Triple Bed Room House = 79.84 unit/day
Unit Consumed per year by fans of all Triple Bed Room House = 28742.4 unit/year
Electricity Bill paid per year by 37 houses = Rs 143712
64
GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
B. Recommendation for Lighting
There are 20 triple bed room house where lighting arrangement is nice. So
Thereis need to Change 17 house lighting arrangement out of 37 Triple Bedroom
house. All Triple Bed
Table 4.3 Lighting Calculation
TRIPLE BED ROOM
Room Present Required lumens Restructured
Arrangement arrangement
Bed Room 1 2 Tubelights (40 4971 lumen 3 LED Tubelights
watt) (16 watt each)
(2800*2 = 5600 4800 lumen
lumens)
Bed Room 2 2 Tubelights 3300 lumen 2 LED Tubelight (
( 5600 lumen) 3200 lumen)
Bed Room 3 2 Tubelight 4900 lumen 3 LED tubelight (
( 5600 lumen) 4800 lumen)
Hall 4 Tubelight 8200 lumen 5 LED Tubelight
(11200 lumen) ( 8000 lumen)
Kitchen 1 tubelight 3300 lumen 2 LED Tubelight
( 2800 lumen) 3200 lumen
Balcony 1 CFL ( 18 watt) 700 lumen 1 more CFL ( 18
200 lumen watt)
400 lm
Cost Analysis of Triple Bed Room house
Money spent earlier = Rs 35520
Money Invested for Restructuring = Rs 183600
Present lighting Arrangement Consumes = 20379.6 unit / year Present Electricity Bill = Rs 101898 / year
Restructured Lighting Arrangement Consumes = 11260.8 unit / year Electricity Bill due to Restructured Arrangement = Rs 56304
Pay Back Period = 4 years approx
65
GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
4.3.2 Double Bed Room
A. Existing fan Calculation
Total No of fans for 43 Double Bed Room House = 4* 43 = 172
Unit Consumed per day by total 37 house fans = 103.8 unit/day
Unit Consumed per year by total 37 house fans = 37152 unit/year
Electricity Bill paid per year by 37 houses = Rs 185760
Table 4.4 Recommendation for Fans
S.NO No. of Total no of Types of 3 bed room house
Customers fans fans
demand Changed Unit Unit Electric Pay
from each consum consum ity Bill Back
house ed/day ed/year for yr Period
2. 8 1*8= 8 Superfan 2.8 unit 1008 Rs 6 years
unit 5040
3. 10 1* 10= 10 Orbit 3.1 unit 1116 Rs 7 years
greenBL unit 5580
30
4. 25 2 * 25 = 50 5 star 20 unit 7200 Rs 5 year
rated fans unit 36000
After Recommendation
Unit Consumed per day by fans of all Double Bed Room House = 75.82 unit/day
Unit Consumed per year by fans of all Double Bed Room House = 27295.2
unit/day
Electricity Bill paid per year by 43 houses = Rs 136476
66
GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
B. Recommendation for Lighting
There are 23 Double bed room house where lighting arrangement is nice. So
There is Need to Change 20 house lighting arrangement out of 43
DoubleBedroom house.
Table 4.5 Lighting Calculation for Double Bed Room
DOUBLE BED ROOM
Room Present Required lumens Restructured
Arrangement arrangement
Bed Room 1 2 Tubelights (40 4400 lumen 3 LED Tubelights
watt) (16 watt each)
(2800*2 = 5600 4800 lumen
lumens)
Bed Room 2 2 Tube lights 3406 lumen 2 LED Tubelight (
( 5600 lumen) 3200 lumen)
Kitchen 1 tube light 3300 lumen 2 LED Tubelight
( 2800 lumen) 3200 lumen
Balcony 1 CFL ( 18 watt) 600 lumen 1 more CFL ( 18
200 lumen watt)
400 lumen,
Bathroom 1 Tubelight ( 36 808 lumens 10 watt LED
watt) ( 800 lumens)
2600 lumens
Cost Analysis of Double Bed Room house
Money spent earlier = Rs 26000
Money Invested for Restructuring = Rs 187000
Present lighting Arrangement Consumes = 19036.8 unit /
year Present Electricity Bill = Rs 95184 / year
Restructured Lighting Arrangement Consumes = 10339.2 unit / year
Electricity Bill due to Restructured Arrangement = Rs 51696
Pay Back Period = 4.3 years
67
GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
4.3.3 Single Bed Room House
There are total 52 single bed room houses . Out of which ten residential house
consumers became ready to change their two existing fans with two Super fans(
35 watt) and remaining 32 commercial consumers got ready to replace all their
existing fans with Orbit Green BL ( 31 watt) fans
Table 4.6 Fan Calculation for Single Bed Room
Existing Fans
TYPES No. of Total No. Average usage Unit Consumed/year
House of Fans hour by each
house
House H1- H10 30 8/30 5184 unit
H11- H20 20 10/20 4320 unit
S1- S22 22 12/22 5702.4 unit
Shops
S22-S32 20 14/20 6048 unit
Proposed Fans
TYPES No. of Total Avg Recommended Unit Payback
House No. of Usage Fan Consumed/ Period
Fans hour year
H1- 30 8/30 Not Ready to - -
House H10 Change
H11- 20 10/20 Super fan 2520 7 year
H20 (35 watt) unit/year
S1- S22 22 12/22 Orbit BL 30 2946.24 5 year
Shop unit/year
S22- 20 14/20 Orbit Green BL 3124.8 4.35 year
S32 30 (31Watt) unit/year
68
GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
Unit Consumed per year by all fans of Single bed room house =21254.4 Electricity Bill= Rs 106272
Unit Consumed per year by all fans after recommendation of Single bed room house = 13775.04 Electricity Bill= Rs 68875.2
B. Recommendation for Lighting
There are total 52 single bed room houses . Out of which only 20 houses are
single bed room domestic house Remaining 32 houses are shops .Table given
below deals with the existing and restructured arrangement of lighting system of
Residential house and Commercial Shops.
Table 4.7 Lighting Calculation for Single Bed Room
SINGLE BED ROOM
Room Present Required lumens Restructured Arrangement arrangement
Bed Room 1 2 Tubelights (40 4600 lumen 3 LED Tubelights (16 watt
watt) each)
(2800*2 = 5600 4800 lumen
lumens)
Hall 4 Tubelight 6355lumen 4 LED Tubelight (11200 lumen) ( 6400 lumen)
Kitchen 1 tubelight 3200 lumen 2 LED Tubelight
( 2800 lumen) 3200 lumen
Balcony 1 CFL ( 18 watt) 600 lumen 1 more CFL ( 18 watt) 200 lumen 400 lumen,
Bathroom 1 Tubelight ( 36 885 lumens 10 watt LED
watt) ( 800 lumens)
2600 lumens
Cost Analysis of All Single Bed Room house
Money spent earlier = Rs 22000
Money Invested for Restructuring = Rs 140000
Present lighting Arrangement Consumes = 16099.2 unit /
year Present Electricity Bill = Rs 80496 / year
Restructured Lighting Arrangement Consumes = 8870.4 unit / year
Electricity Bill due to Restructured Arrangement = Rs 44352
Pay Back Period = 3.8 years approx 69
GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
4.3.4 Air Conditioners
There are total 37 triple bed room houses. There are 20 single bed room housesbut Air Conditioners are present in 12 houses.
Table 4.8 Existing Air Conditioners
T No. of 1 No. A.C 2 No. 3 No. Total Avg Unit Consumed/
R A.C A.C A.C House Usage year
I (hour)
P 23 5 6 2 13 4 hour 184000
L 14 8 3 - 11 6 hour 168000
E
25
4
6
3
13
9 hour
162000
BED
ROOM
D No. of A.C 1 No. A.C 2 No. Total Avg Usage Unit Consumed/
O A.C House (hour) year
U
B 36 10 13 23 7 181440
L
28
12
8
20
10
201600
E
BED
ROOM
S No. of AC No. of House Avg Uasage Unit
I (Hour) Consumed/year N
G 12 20 5 43200
L
E
BED
ROOM
Hence from the Above Table It is clear that 53 Airconditioners from 116 houses are using AC for average of 10 hour per day . So It is replaced by 5 star rated
Godrej Split AC of 1.5 tonn which is consuming 1380 watt
70
GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
Table 4.9 Air Conditioners Recommendation
Types of AC Unit Consumed/year Electricity Bill/ year
Existing AC 363600 unit/year Rs 1818000
5 star rated Godrej Split 263304 unit/year Rs 1316520
AC
Invested Money = Rs 1908000 Payback Period = 3.8 year
Total Unit Consumed /year before recommendation = 940240 unit
Electricity Bill =Rs 4701200
Total Unit Consumed /year after recommendation = 839944 unit
Electricity Bill =Rs 4199720
4.3.5 Refrigerator
Existing System
Table 4.10 Refrigerator Existing System
Number of House Star Rating Power Consumption Unit Consumed/ year
60 3 star 600 watt 103680 unit/year
22 5 star 300 watt 19008 unit/year
50 NIL 950 watt 136800 unit/year
Proposed System
All Non Star Rated Refrigerators are replaced by 5 star rated LG Refrigerators of
200 watt
71
GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
Table 4.11Recommendation for Refrigerator
Types of AC Unit Consumed/ year Electricity Bill
Non Star Rated 136800 unit/year Rs 684000
5 Star Rated 28800 unit/year Rs 144000
Money Invested = Rs 900000 Payback Period = 1.7 year
Total Unit consumed/ year before recommendation = 259488 unit/year
Electricity Bill = Rs 1297440
Total Unit consumed per year after recommendation = 151488 unit /year
Electricity Bill = Rs 757440
4.3.6 Geyser
There are 132 houses out of which Geysers are there in 90 houses only
Table 4.10 Gyser Existing System
Number of House Power Consumption Age of Unit Consumed /
Geaser year
40 3500 watt 15 years 50400
27 3200watt 12 years 31104
23 3000 watt 10 years 24840
Since 40 geysers are around 15 years old. So these 40 geysers are replaced
40Usha 15L SWH Aqua Genie Geyser of 2000 watt.
72
GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
Table 4.11 Recommendation fot Gysers
Types of Geyser Unit Consumed/ year Electricity Bill
Existing Geyser 50400 unit/year Rs 252000
15L SWH Aqua Genie 28800 unit/year Rs 144000 Geyser
Money Invested = Rs 380000 Pay back period = 3.5 year
Total Unit consumed /year before recommendation = 106344
Electricity Bill = Rs 531720
Total Unit consumed /year after recommendation = 84744
Electricity Bill = Rs 423720
4.3.7 Motor
Table 4.12 Existing Motors
Types Numbers Types Power Age Avg Unit Electricit
y
of Consumptio
n of Usage Consumed Bill
Motor Motor hour
33 1 KW 5 year 4 hour 7200 unit Rs 36000
Fl ats 1.5 HP /year
H1- H30 1 HP 730 watt 4 year 2 hour 15768 Rs 78840
unit/year
H31-H55 1HP 860 watt 10 2 hour 15480 Rs 77400
House year unit/year
H56-H99 1 HP 860watt 12 1.5 20433.6 Rs
year hour unit/year 102168
There are five Apartments in which there are 33 flats and remaining 99
houses. Types of Motors used in the houses and Apartments are given
below in the Table
GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
Following are issues associated with overaged motor
Resistive power will decrease, Shaft get worn-out,Coil will become weak,
Efficiency will decrease,Overheating,Sudden stopping of motor, Noise Production
,Draw Heavy Current and Bearing problems. Calculation
Rated Current should be drawn by motor is given by formula
I= p/1.73*v * cos@
=860/1.73*240*0.8
= 860/332.16 =2.5 Amps
But due to more age it is drawing 5 amps .
There are thirty three flats and thirty houses where 2-4 years motors are used but
in remaining 69 houses , 10-12 years old motors are installed for which we need to
recommend water pumping motor. 7 motors of 2 HP are recommended to install
for 69 houses means 1 motor for 10 houses each
Proposed System
Table 4.13 Recomendation for Motors
House Avg Usage hour Unit Electricity
Consumed/yr Bill
H1-H10 3 hour 1576.8 unit/yr Rs 78840
H11-H20 3 hour 1576.8 unit/yr Rs 78840
H21-H30 3 hour 1576.8 unit/yr Rs 78840
H31-H40 3 hour 1576.8 unit/yr Rs 78840
H41-H50 3 hour 1576.8 unit/yr Rs 78840
H51-H60 3 hour 1576.8 unit/yr Rs 78840
H61-H69 3 hour 1576.8 unit/yr Rs 70956
74
GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
All the 69 motors installed in 69 houses are recommended to sell. All 69 motors
are sold at Rs 1000 each.
Money got after selling motors = Rs 69000
Invested money in buying seven 2 HP Submerged Motors = Rs 112000
Invested money in buying 700 ft PVC water pipe for water supply = Rs 105000
Total Money Invested = Rs 217000
Annual Profit =Rs 69000+ Rs 97236
= Rs 116236
Payback Period = 1.8year
75
GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
1000000
900000
800000
Co
nsu
me
d/y
ear
700000
600000
500000
400000
Un
it
300000
200000
100000
0
Fig 4.23 Unit Consumed by Equipments of 132 houses before recommendation
Above figure shows the unit consumed by equipments of 132 houses before recommendation and it is clear from above figure that A/C is consuming more than 90000 units per year
900000
800000
/ye
ar
700000
600000
Co
nsu
me
d
500000
400000
300000
Um
it
200000
100000
0
Fig 4.24 Unit Consumed by Equipments of 132 houses
Above figure shows the unit consumed by equipments of 132 houses after recommendation and it is clear from above figure that A/Cconsumption is reduced to 80000 units per year
76
GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
2000000
1800000
year
1600000
1400000
/
Co
nsu
me
d
1200000
1000000
800000
600000
Un
it
400000
200000
0
Fig 4.25 Comparison of Unit Consumed by Equipments of 132 housesUnit Consumed before and after recommendation
Above figure shows the comparison of unit consumed by the equipments before
and after recommendation in which it is clear that unit consumption is reduced to
good extend
5000000 4500000
Bill
4000000 3500000
3000000
Ele
ctri
city
2500000 2000000 1500000
1000000 500000 0
Fig 4.26 Unit Electricity Bill paid per year by consumers of 132 houses
This figure shows that electricity bill paid by consumers for different equipments of 132 houses in which the consumer is paying more money for A/C
77
GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
4500000
4000000
Bill
3500000
3000000
Elec
tric
ity 2500000
2000000
1500000
1000000
500000
0
Fig 4.26 Unit Electricity Bill paid per year by consumers of 132 houses After Recommendation
This figure shows that electricity bill paid by consumers for different equipments of
132 houses after recommendation which the consumer is paying lesser money for
A/C
5000000
4500000
4000000
Bill
3500000
3000000
Ele
ctri
city
2500000
2000000
1500000
1000000
500000
0
Fig 4.27 Comparison of Electricity Bill paid per year by consumers of 132
housesComparison before and after recommendation
Above figure shows that the difference on the electricity bill before and after recommendation where the consumer has a better benefited and saving on the electricity bill .
78
GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
Fig 4.28 Layout with recommended OF 132 houseconnect to BILROTH 11KV/430 V 250 KVA distribution transformer
Above figure shows the layout of 132 houses with recommended data. Number of houses connected to the pole is kept inside the network
79
GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
Fig 4.29 ETAP Load flow analysis of Proposed System for 132 houses
Above figure shows the loadflow analysis report of layout of 132 houses in which some of the buses is having more current it is becuse of more number of houses connected to that particular bus.
80
GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
450
400
350
300
Cu
rre
nt
250
200
150
100
50
0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39
Fig 4.30 ETAP Current output for bus
The above figure shows the Etap current output for all the buses and from the above figure it is clear that current value decreases after 25th bus.
90
80
70
60
Cu
rre
nt
50
40
30
20
10
0
S.B
us1
.11
S.B
us2
.2
S.B
us1
5.1
S.B
us2
1.3
S.B
us2
2.3
S.B
us2
3.2
S.B
us2
4.1
S.B
us2
4.7
S.
Bu
s24
.14 S.
Bu
s24
.20
S.B
us2
6.6
S.B
us2
7.1
S.B
us2
8.2
7
S.B
us2
8.3
4
S.B
us3
0.1
S.B
us3
0.7
S.B
us3
1.2
S.B
us3
2.3
S.B
us3
3.4
S.B
us3
4.3
S.
Bu
s35.
3
Fig 4.31 ETAP Current output for Sub Buses
The above figure shows the Etap current output for all the sub buses and from the above figure it is clear that current value decreases after 30th bus.
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
420
400
380 V
olt
age
360
340
320
300
bu
s 1
Bu
s 3
Bu
s5
Bu
s7
Bu
s9
Bu
s1
1
Bu
s1
3
Bu
s1
5
Bu
s1
7
Bu
s1
9
Bu
s2
1
Bu
s2
3
Bu
s2
5
Bu
s2
7
Bu
s
29
B
us
31
B
us3
3
Bu
s
35
Fig 4.32 ETAP Voltage output for Bus
Above figure shows the Etap voltage output for all buses. output voltage value decreases as the distance of the bus from transformer increases.
420
400
380
Vo
ltag
e
360
340
320
300
S.B
us1
.11
S.B
us2
.2
S.B
us1
5.1
S.B
us2
1.3
S.B
us2
2.3
S.B
us2
3.2
S.B
us2
4.1
S.B
us2
4.7
S.B
us2
4.1
4
S.B
us2
4.2
0
S.B
us2
6.6
S.B
us2
7.1
S.B
us2
8.2
7
S.B
us2
8.3
4
S.B
us3
0.1
S.B
us3
0.7
S.B
us3
1.2
S.B
us3
2.3
S.B
us3
3.4
S.B
us3
4.3
S.
Bu
s35
.3
Fig 4.33 ETAP Voltage output for Sub Buses
Above figure shows the Etap voltage output for all sub buses. output voltage value decreases as the distance of the bus from transformer increases.
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
500
450
400
350 C
urr
en
t 300
250
200
150
100
50
0
bu
s 1
Bu
s 3
Bu
s5
Bu
s7
Bu
s9
Bu
s1
1
Bu
s1
3
Bu
s1
5
Bu
s1
7
Bu
s1
9
Bu
s2
1
Bu
s2
3
Bu
s2
5
Bu
s2
7
Bu
s
29
B
us
31
B
us3
3
Bu
s
35
Fig 4.34 Comparison ETAP Current output of buses between Existing and Recommended Layout
This figure shows the comparison between Etap current output of busses between
existing and recommended layout recommended current is less that the existing
output.
430
410
390
370
Vo
ltag
e
350
330
310
290
270
250
bu
s 1
Bu
s 3
Bus
5
Bus
7
Bu
s9
Bu
s11
Bu
s13
Bu
s15
Bu
s17
Bu
s19
Bu
s21
Bu
s23
Bu
s25
Bu
s27
B
us
29
B
us
31
Bu
s33
Bu
s 3
5
Fig 4.35 Comparison ETAP Voltage output of buses between Existing and Recommended Layout
This figure shows the comparison between Etap voltage output of busses between
existing and recommended layout recommended voltage is higher than the
existing output.
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CHAPTER 5
DESIGN OF MICRO GRID
5.1 Description
A micro grid is a local energy grid with control capability, which means it can
disconnect from the traditional grid and operate autonomously. The grid connects
homes, businesses and other buildings to central power sources, which allow us
to use appliances, heating/cooling systems and electronics. But this
interconnectedness means that when part of the grid needs to be repaired A micro
grid generally operates while connected to the grid, but importantly, it can break off
and operate on its own using local energy generation in times of crisis like storms
or power outages, or for other reasons. A micro grid can be powered by distributed
generators, batteries, and/or renewable resources like solar panels. Depending on
how it’s fuelled and how its requirements are managed, a micro grid might run
indefinite A micro grid connects to the grid at a point of common coupling that
maintains voltage at the same level as the main grid unless there is some sort of
problem on the grid or other reason to disconnect. A switch can separate the micro
grid from the main grid automatically or manually, and it then functions as an
island. A micro grid not only provides backup for the grid in case of emergencies,
but can also be used to cut costs, or connect to a local resource that is too small or
unreliable for traditional grid use. A micro grid allows communities to be more
energy independent and, in some cases, more environmentally friendly.
Distributed power systems can be used to provide high-value energy, capacity,
and ancillary services such as voltage regulation, power quality improvement, and
system-wide emergency power. In such scenarios, distributed energy resources
can supplement as well as strengthen the entire electric power system. A micro
grid differs from conventional power plants: Power is generated at distribution
voltage level and can be directly provided to the utility distribution system Capacity
of generators is much smaller than in conventional plants. They are usually
installed closer to the customers so that electric/heat loads can be efficiently
served with proper voltage and frequency and negligible losses. They are ideal for
providing electric power to remote locations.. They can be treated as a controlled
entity within the power system. They meet the electrical/heat requirements locally:
consumers can receive uninterruptable power, reduced
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
feeder losses, improved local reliability, and local voltage support. They reduce
environmental pollution by utilizing low-carbon technology.
We have proposed installation of micro grid consist of solar panel and wind mills
for 81 houses which are present in the same street. We chose this area for micro
grid installation because this particular street consist of cluster of residential
houses.
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5.2 DESIGN OF MICRO GRID COMPONENTES
Table 5.1 Micro Grid Calculation
Types of house Number of house Customer requested load for
micro grid Single bed room 20 1960 watt
Double bed room 30 4920 watt
Triple bed room 25 5750 watt
Total 75 12360 watt
Micro grid design ( Theoretical Calculation)
Total connected load to micro grid is = 12.63 KW
Load Connected to the PV module = 8.84 kw( 70% of total load)
If we use 9 hours per day then = 79.56 kwh
Total pv panel energy need = 85.23*1.3 = 103.428 Kwh (110799 wh)
Panel generation factor for Chennai = 5.7 = 110799 /5.7 = 18145.263 watt hour
Case 1: if we use 100 w panel then=181.45 panels required Case 2:if we use 200 w panel then=92 panels are required Case 3:if we use 300 w panel then=61 panels are required Case 4:if we use 400 w panel then= 46panels are required
Theoretically for generation of 85.23 kwh of power we need 92 solar panels of 200 watts
Total power to be generated from the wind turbine is = 3790 w
We need to install 4 wind turbine of 1 kw each
Battery required 120 kwh, so we will use battery of 20 kwh in 6 numbers.
Inverter required for 45 numbers for 200 watt each
Enough space is not present in that area where we are going to install microgrid.
So we are recommending for separate solar panels for a different set of houses.
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Table 5.2 Micro grid Calculation for Networks
Number of Total Total Total PV Total Watt Number of
House Consumption Consumption Panel Peak Rating PV panels
( 9 hour/day) Energy needed for required
Needed PV module
11 (N6-N7) 2200 watt 19800watt 257400 4515.78 23
hour/day
26(N9-N10) 3636 watt 32724watthou
r 42541.2 7463.36 38
/day
8(N-18)
1378 watt
12402 watt-
16122.6
2828.52
15
hour/day
4(N-14) 556 watt 5004 watt- 6505.2 1141.26 6
hour/day
10(N16- 1052 watt 9468 watt- 12308.4 2159.36 10
N17) hour/day
Remaining 12 houses are supplied power from wind turbine which require 3.7 kw of power
Inverters and Batteries are present in all 51 houses out of 59 houses where we are
supplying with solar panels but only 8 houses(N-18) will not have inverters and
batteries . So we need to give installation of batteries and inverters on small scale
So for 8 houses we need 7 inverters of 200 watt each and 6.75 kwhr of battery ,
we will use 3kwhr in 2 numbers here
Cost Analysis
Cost of solar panel = Rs 8280000
Cost of wind turbine = Rs100000
Cost of battery= Rs 199950
Cost of inverters = Rs 7000
Total installation Cost = Rs 8586950
Subsidy on 1 KWp solar panel = Rs 20,000
Cost of solar panel after subsidy = Rs 8115600
Total installation Cost= Rs 8422550
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
Existing Unit Consumed per year =119124unit/year
Electricity Bill= Rs 595620
After Recommendation of Micro Grid
Unit Consumed per year = 73656 unit/yr
Electricity Bill = Rs 441936
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0 Unit consume before unit consume after
implimentation microgrid implimention microgrid
Fig 5.1 Comparison of Unit Consumed Unit Consumed per year
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
5.3 LAYOUT WITH MICRO GRID
Fig 5.2 Layout of Bilroth Distribution Transformer Feeder with Micro grid
Above figure shows the Layout of Distribution Transformer Feeder with Micro grid
in which power is supplied to 71 houses with the renewable sources such as 59
with solar panel and 12 with wind turbines
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
Fig 5.3 ETAP Load Flow Analysis Report
Above figure shows the ETAP Load flow analysis report of layout of 132 houses
connected with Micro Grid. From this figure it is clear that output current is reduced
for some buses as compared to the existing and recommended layout buses.
Voltage magnification is shown clearly for most of the buses.
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
Exist Amp Recommendation Amp MG Amp
250
200
150
A M P
100
50
0 Bus21 Bus22 Bus23 Bus24 Bus25 Bus26 Bus27 Bus28 Bus Bus Bus33 bus Bus
31 32 34 35
Fig 5.4 ETAP Current Comparison of Buses
Above figure shows the comparison of current output for the buses( Bus 21- Bus
35) where Micro Grid is connected . From the above figure it is clear that that
current is decreased to some extent after the Micro Grid implementation.
Exist Amp Recommendation Amp MG Amp
120
100
AM
P 80
60
40
20
0
S.B
us2
1.1
S.B
us2
1.6
S.B
us2
2.5
S.B
us2
3.3
S.B
us2
4.1
S.B
us2
4.6
S.
Bu
s24
.11
S.B
us2
4.1
7 S.B
us2
6.2
S.B
us2
6.7
S.B
us2
7.1
S.
Bu
s28
.26
S.B
us2
8.3
2
S.B
us2
9.1
S.B
us3
0.3
S.B
us3
0.8
S.B
us3
1.2
S.B
us3
2.2
S.B
us3
3.2
S.B
us3
3.7
S.B
us3
4.6
S.
Bu
s35.
4
Fig 5.5 ETAP Current Comparison of Sub Buses
Above figure shows the comparison of current output for the Sub Buses( Bus 21.1-
Bus 35.4) where Micro Grid is connected . From the above figure it is clear that
that current is decreased to some extent after the Micro Grid implementation.
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
EXT.Volt Output Recommendation.Volt Output MG Volt
380 370
360
350
340
330
320
310
300
290
280
270
Fig 5.6 ETAP Voltage Comparison of Buses
Above figure shows the comparison of ETAP output voltage for the buses ( Bus
21- Bus 35) in which Micro Grid is connected. It is very clear from the above figure
that voltage is magnified for the buses after Micro Grid implementation
EXT.Volt Output Recommendation.Volt Output MG Volt output
380 370
360
350
340
330
320
310
300
290
280
270
S.B
us2
1.1
S.
Bu
s21
.5
S . B u s 2 2 . 3 S . B u s 2 2 . 7 S . B u s 2 3 . 4 S . B u s 2 4 . 1 S . B u s 2 4 . 5
S.B
us2
4.9
S.B
us2
4.1
4
S . B u s 2 4 . 1 8 S . B u s 2 6 . 2 S . B u s 2 6 . 6 S . B u s 2 6 . 1 0 S . B u s 2 7 . 3 S . B u s 2 8 . 2 7 S . B u s 2 8 . 3 2 S . B u s 2 8 . 3 6 S . B u s 3 0 . 1 S . B u s 3 0 . 5
S.B
us3
0.9
S.B
us3
1.2
S . B u s 3 2 . 1 S . B u s 3 2 . 5 S . B u s 3 3 . 4 S . B u s 3 4 . 1 S . B u s 3 4 . 6 S . B u s 3 5 . 3
S.B
us3
5.7
Fig 5.7 ETAP Current Comparison of Sub Buses
Above figure shows the comparison of ETAP output voltage for the Sub Buses ( S.
Bus 21- Bus 35) in which Micro Grid is connected. It is very clear from the above
figure that voltage is magnified for the buses after Micro Grid implementation
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
CONCLUSION
Based on the Project following conclusions are made
There is an increase in Voltage Potential with the introduction of Micro grid
The consumers are benefitted through quality of Power such as current,
Power factors
The cost of solar panel/Wind mill will brought back to consumers through
payback period.
The supply frequency and reliability of power will be more with
implementation of micro grid.
By practicing energy conservation measures by the consumers. They may
be benefitted towards making lesser payment of current consumption
charges.
Introduction of micro grid in the existing system will bring much relief to the
Utility
After Implementation of micro grid unit consumed per year will come
down to 61% (saving of 39% amount)
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
PUBLICATION DETAILS
1. Awanish kumar, M.bharat kumar singh, priyanka kumari and pooja
kumari, 2015 “Electrical energy audit in residential house”, smart
grid technologies, procedia tech volume 21,pg 625-630. 2. Neelakandan Nagarajan, Priyanka Kumari, Sujan Kuppuswamy, Pooja
Kumari, Alok K Mishra and Ramesh L (Dr. MGR University),
1C1CA 2015, “Power Wastage Audit & Recommendation of
Conservation Measures at University Library” 3. Priyanka Kumari, Sujan Kuppuswamy, Pooja Kumari “ Lighting
Audit and necessary measures at distribution power substation.
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
Reference
1.BP Global “Statistical Review of World Energy”, Workbook , London, 2013
2.CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY “Energy Conservation is Energy
Generation” Printed By: Shri Ganesh Associates APRIL, 2015
3.Deepak Mishra “What is the actual demand of electricity unit per day per person in India?
“Written 14 Dec 2015
https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-actual-demand-of-electricity-unit-per-day-per-
person-in-India
4. Vijay Modi “Improving Electricity Services in Rural India Working” Papers
Series Center on Globalization and Sustainable Development CGSD Working
Paper No. 30 December 2005
5. Ms.Shradha Chandrakant Deshmukh*, Ms.Varsha Arjun Patil “ ENERGY
CONSERVATION AND AUDIT” International Journal of Scientific and Research
Publications, Volume 3, Issue 8, August 2013 ISSN 2250-3153
6. Malkiat Singh, Gurpreet Singh, Harmandeep Singh “ ENERGY AUDIT: A
CASE STUDY TO REDUCE LIGHTING COST” Asian Journal Of Computer
Science And Information Technology 2: 5 (2012) 119 – 122.
7. Ramya.L.N1, M.A.Femina2 “Energy Auditing – A Walk-Through Survey
International Journal of Advanced Research” in Electrical,Electronics and
Instrumentation Engineering Vol. 3, Special Issue 2, April 2014
8. Awanish kumara*, Shashi Ranjana,M.Bharath Kumar Singha, Priyanka Kumaria, L.Rameshb “Electrical Energy Audit in Residential House SMART GRID
Technologies”, August 6-8, 2015
9. Hu Jingwei, Zhang Tieyan, Du Shipeng, Zhao Yan “Research on Micro-grid
Control and Management System” Advanced Science and Technology Letters
Vol.73 (FGCN 2014), pp.36-43
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GREEN 9 Project Outcome Report –16EE07
10. Hassan Farhangi, PhD, PEng, “SM-IEEE Intelligent Micro Grid Research” at
BCIT 2007
11. Nikos Hatziargyriou,Hiroshi Asano, Reza Iravani, and Chris Marnay “IEEE
power & energy magazine” july/august 2007