results and lessons from the operation of current beams

Results and Lessons from the Operation of Current Beams for Existing Neutrino Experiments

Edda Gschwendtner CERN

NuFact2008 Valencia 1 July 2008E Gschwendtner CERN

2

Outline

bull Overview of Operating Neutrino Beamsbull Results and Lessons from

ndash K2Kndash MiniBooNEndash NuMIndash CNGSndash T2K

bull Summary


3

Other Talks on Experience with Operating Beams for Neutrino Experiments

bull Working Group 3 Session 7 Friday 4 July 2008

1 Horn Operational Experience in K2K MiniBooNE NuMI and CNGS

Ans Pardons

2 Radiation Protection LessonsHeinz Vincke

3 Delivering High Intensity Proton Beam Lessons for the Next Beam Generations

Sam Childress


4Overviewbull K2K (1999-2004)

νμ ντ oscillationltEνgt = 13GeV 250km baseline Results Δm2

23=(28 plusmn 04)x10-3eV2 sin2 2θ23=1 (90CL) PhysRevD74072003 2006

bull MiniBooNE (2002- )Tests LSND indication of νμ νe oscillationwith similar LE (500MeV500m)Results no evidence for νμ νe appearance PhysRevLett98 231801 2007

bull NuMI (2004- )νμ ντ disappearance oscillationltEνgt = ~4GeV 735km baselineResults Δm2

23=(243 plusmn 013)x10-3eV2 2 sin2 2θ23=1-005 PhysRevLett arXiv08062237 2008

bull CNGS (2006- )νμ ντ appearance oscillationltEνgt = 17GeV 735km baseline

bull T2K (2009- )νμ νe appearance (non-zero θ13) precise meas of νμ νx disappearance (θ23 Δm2

23 Δm213)

ltEνgt = 07GeV 25deg off-axis 295km baseline


5Conventional Neutrino Beams

vacuum

800m 100m 1000m 67m26m

p + C rarr (interactions) rarr π+ K+

rarr (decay in flight) rarr μ+ + νμ

Produce pions to make neutrinos

Componentsbull Proton beambull Production target

ndash Target length compromise between probability of protons to interact and produced particle scattering

ndash Target heating with many protons cooling neededbull Focusing system

ndash Horns with pulsed high currentndash Minimize material

bull Decay regionndash Length depends on energy of pions and if very long also muons decay νecontaminationndash Compromise between evacuating or filling with air or helium volume and window

thicknessesbull Absorber

ndash Collect protons not interactedndash Cooling needed

bull Beam instrumentationndash Pion muon detectorsndash Near detector flux and energy spectrum of neutrinos


6

K2K


7K2K Neutrino Beam Line

200m

12 GeV PSbull Cycle 22secbull Beam spill 11msbull ~6middot1012 protonsspill

Super Kamiokande 50kt water Cherenkov detector

νμ ντ oscillationltEνgt = 13GeV 250km baseline

ND 1kt Water CherenkovFD 50kt Superkamiokande


8

Ｉｒｏｎ

Concrete

Soil

BeamSK

Target amp 1st Horn

Transformer12

Top view

Stripline-1Stripline-2

17m

215

37m

2

15

Rail5-ton craneDecay Pipe

2nd Horn

K2K Secondary Beam Line

bull Target Al (66cm length 3cm diameter) part of horn1bull 2 horns water cooled 250kA 05 Hz 25ms pulse widthbull Pion monitor Cherenkov detectorbull Decay tube 200m He filledbull Beam dump 25m iron 2m concretebull Muon monitors ionization chamber silicon pad detectors


9

(includes Beam studies and tunings)Physics run From June 1999 to Nov 2004

K2K-IFrom June 1999 to July 2001Delivered POT 561 x 1019

Used for physics analysis 479 x 1019

K2K-IIFrom Dec 2002 to Nov 2004Delivered POT 488x1019

Used for physics analysis 443x1019

Total delivered POT (K2K I+II)1049 x 1020

Used for analysis 0922 x 1020

K2K Protons on Target


10

2004 ndash No exchange due to high radiationndash Nov 2004 Inner conductor of 1st horn

brokendash Radiation too high for replacement

00E+00

20E+06

40E+06

60E+06

80E+06

10E+07

12E+07

14E+07

99

01

99

05

99

09

00

01

00

05

00

09

01

01

01

05

01

09

02

01

02

05

02

09

03

01

03

05

03

09

04

01

04

05

04

09

05

01

Run1999

Run2000

H１-3-5φ25

H1-4φ30

H2-2

H2-1

H1-7φ30

H2-3

H１-3φ25

H1-2φ20

H1-6φ25

Parabolic disk

Run2001

H1-8φ30

H1-8φ

30

Run2002-03

Run2004

K2K Horn

LessonsIn-situ work reaches RP limit

Design with remote handling amp spare systems

Decouple target and hornDec 2004 end of runndash POT almost 1020 as scheduled

Strategy preventive exchange every yearIn total five 1st horns four 2nd horns Accessible no remote handling

horn pulses


11

MiniBooNE


12

MiniBooNE

Test LSND indication of νμ νe oscillationbull Keep LE same but different energy systematic errors

background add anti-neutrino capabilityndash Neutrino Energy MiniBooNE ~500MeV (LSND ~30MeV)ndash Baseline MiniBooNE ~500m (LSND ~30m)

bull MiniBooNE detector 800t pure mineral oilbull Operation since Nov 2002

Primary (protons) Secondary (mesons) Tertiary (neutrinos)

MiniBooNE Proton Beam Linebull 8 GeV proton beam from Booster

ndash 16 μs spillndash 5Hz rate ndash Maximum intensity 5middot1012 ppp

bull Beam on target σ lt 1mm


13

MiniBooNE Secondary Beam Line

bull Targetndash 7 Be slugs (71cm long 17 λ) cooled by air flow

bull Hornndash 170kA 140 μs 5 Hz average water cooled polarity change possible (~1-2 weeks)

bull Decay pipe ndash filled with air earth around can be cooled via air ducts and heat exchanger

bull 25 m absorber ndash INOUT movable provides systematic checks on νe contamination from μ decays

bull 50m absorberbull Little Muon counter (LMC)

ndash in situ measurement of Kaon background by counting muons produced from K decays

8 GeV Beamline

TargetHorn25m Absorber

(movable)50m Absorber

(fixed)

25m50m

(18m)

LMC


14

MiniBooNE Statistics

2003 20052004 2006 2007 2008

Anti-neutrinos

26801 Million

11 E20

880703

Motivation for Anti-neutrino modendashContinue cross-section measurements ndashSearching for anti-neutrino disappearance


15

MiniBooNE Horn

bull Water leak and ground fault killed first horn at ~96 million pulses (detected ~end 2003 removed Oct 2004)

ndash Striplinehorn connection was corrodedndash Suspect is galvanic corrosion at bellows seal due to stagnant water around the spray

nozzlesbull New horn

Bottom water outlet bellows ndash Reduce number of material transitions by welding flanges ndash Avoid stagnant water by refitting with drain lines and new dehumidification system

Second horn already 187 million pulses

LessonsWe know how to design inner conductors to resist fatigue Concentrate on peripherals

Galvanic corrosion avoid trapped water foresee drainage choose material carefully


16MiniBooNE Absorberbull Observation during early anti-neutrino run (2006)

ndash Decreasing NuPOT bull After much effort problem was understood

ndash Several absorber plates from 25m movable absorber fell into the beamndash Caused drop in event yield

Hardened steel chains weakened by radioactive atmospherePlates were remounted using softer steel which is not subject tohydrogen embrittlement effect

Lessonsair in decay tube aggressive radicals CNGS vacuum K2K amp T2K HeliumNuMI vacuum since Dec 07 Helium


17

NuMI


18

Neutrino beam

NuMI Neutrinos at the Main Injectorbull Search for oscillation

νμ ντ disappearance

bull 735 km baseline ndash From Fermilab to Minnesotandash Elevation of 33degndash Near detector ~1ktonsndash Far detector MINOS 54 ktons

bull Commissioned in 2004bull Operating since 2005

bull From Main Injector 120 GeVcbull Cycle length 19 sbull Pulse length 10μsbull Beam intensity 3 middot 1013 pppbull σ sim1mm

NuMI Proton Beam Line


19

bull Water cooled graphite target ndash 2 interaction lengths ndash Target movable in beam direction inside horn to change ν energy

bull 2 hornsndash Water cooled pulsed with 2ms half-sine wave pulse of up to 200kA

bull Decay pipe ndash 675m diameter 2m vacuum 1 mbar since Dec07 Helium 1bar

bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs ~100kW protons and other hadrons

bull 1 hadron monitor fluxes and profilesbull 3 muon monitor stations fluxes and profiles

NuMI Secondary Beam Line


20

NuMI Proton ParametersPr

oton

s pe

r Wee

k (E

18)

M amp D

M amp D

20089 Booster batches to NuMI

allows increasing the MI beam power to 340 KW

Average intensitypulse (20072008) lt 308middot1013 pppgtAverage beam power (20072008) lt 2336 kW gt

486middot1020 Protons on Target as of 02 June lsquo08

Tota

l Pro

tons

(E20

)

067middot1020 p2005

103middot1020 p2006

191middot1020 p2007

126middot1020 p2008


21NuMI Target

Water cooling tubeprovides mechanical support

47 graphite segments 20mm length and 64 x 15mm2 cross-section03mm spacing between segments total target length 954 cm (2 interaction lengths)

BaffleTarget

TargetBaffle carrierAllows for 25 m of target motion to vary the beam

energy


22

protonHorn 1

HoTarget

hellip NuMI Target 1 Water leak soon after turn-on

(March 2005) lsquofixedrsquo with He backpressure

holding back water from leak2 September 2006 Target

motion drive shaft locked due to corrosion

lead to target replacement3 June 2008 Target

longitudinal drive failureIn work cell repairedreinstall

Water in target

vacuum chamber


23NuMI Horns ExperienceSeveral problems

Ground fault water line contamination by resin beads water leaks at ceramic isolatorhellip

bull System designs looked toward hot component replacement not repair

bull However most problems have been repairablendash Challenging after beam operation

bull Most recent failure (June 08) led to replacement of horn 1 due to high radiation field making repair too challenging

Lessons Concentrate in design on peripherals (insulating water lines)Design with repair in mind test thoroughly without beam Foresee tooling trainingWork Cell


24

Connections done through module by person on top of work cell

3 m

NuMI Work Cell

Railing

Lead-glass window

HornRemote lifting table

Concrete wall

Module

Installed in most downstream part of target area


25

NuMI Radiological Aspects

bull Tritium levels major issue Levels much greater than expected in water pumped from NuMI tunnelndash Very low levels compared to regulatory limits but important to

solvendash Major source traced to production in steel surround for target

hall chase Carried to tunnel water by moisture in chase airndash Effective remedy through major dehumidification of target

hall and chase airbull Positive side effect controlling corrosion effects for technical

components (previously 60 rel humidity now lt20)

bull Target hall shielding effectiveness and air activation levelsndash Matched expectations


26

CNGS


27CNGSbull Search for νμ minus ντ oscillation (appearance experiment)bull 732 km baseline

ndash From CERN to Gran Sasso (Italy)ndash Elevation of 59degndash Far detector OPERA 146000 emulsion bricks (121 kton) Icarus 600 tons

bull Commissioned 2006bull Operation since 2007

CERN

Gran Sasso

bull From SPS 400 GeVcbull Cycle length 6 sbull Extractions

ndash 2 separated by 50msbull Pulse length 105μsbull Beam intensity

ndash 2x 24 middot 1013 pppbull σ sim05mmbull Beam performance

ndash 45middot 1019 potyear

CNGS Proton Beam Line


28

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID

Air cooled graphite target magazinendash 4 in situ sparesndash 27 interaction lengthsndash Target table movable horizontallyvertically for alignment

bull TBID multiplicity detectorbull 2 horns (horn and reflector)

ndash Water cooled pulsed with 10ms half-sine wave pulse of up to 150180kA 03Hz remote polarity change possible

bull Decay pipe ndash 1000m diameter 245m 1mbar vacuum

bull Hadron absorber ndash Absorbs 100kW of protons and other hadrons

bull 2 muon monitor stations muon fluxes and profiles

CNGS Secondary Beam Line


29

CNGS Beambull 2006 CNGS Commissioning

ndash 85middot1017 potbull 2007 6 weeks CNGS run

ndash 79middot1017 potbull 38 OPERA events in bricks (~60000 bricks)

ndash Maximum intensity 4middot1013 potcyclebull Radiation limits in PS

OPERA detector completed by June 2008CNGS modifications finished

bull 2008 CNGS run June-November NOW ndash 543middot1017 pot on Friday 27Jun08 after 9 days running

more than 50 OPERA events in bricksndash Expected protons in 2008 ~26 middot1019 pot


30CNGS Polarity Puzzle

bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction betweenndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with

positive charge)ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons

with negative charge)

270cm

1125cm

Muon DetectorMuon detectors very sensitive to any beam change ndashgive online feedback for neutrino beam quality


31hellip CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube

ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel

Results in shifts of the observed magnitudeMeasurements and simulations agree very well

LessonsUseful to change polarity quickly

Lines simulated μ fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1

NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge

Anti-neutrinoFocusing on

negative charge

FLU

KA

sim

ulat

ions

P S

ala

et a

l 200

8


32CNGS TargetTarget 13 graphite rods 10cm long Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm

Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built They are assembled in two magazines


33hellipCNGS Target

ndash Target table motorizedndash Horn and Reflector

tables NOT

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

BPM2 [mm]

arbi

trar

y un

it

1) Beam scan across target

2) Target scan across horn

Alignment of target-horns- beam done with survey team during installationbull sensitivity of order of 1mmbull changes every yearbeam based alignment of target hall components

Lessonsalignment with beam to be done during every start-upmuon detectors very sensitive Offset of target vs horn at

01mm level beam vs target at 005mm level

Beam position monitor

mul

tiplic

ty


34

CNGS Horn and Reflector

bull Remote electrical connectionbull Remote water connectionbull Remote shielding handling

Exchange of horn remotely


35

hellip CNGS Horn and Reflectorbull Leak in water outlet of cooling circuit of

reflector after 4105 pulses (Oct 06)Design fault in ceramic insulator brazing

Repair and exchange possiblendash Replace brazed connections by connections

under pressure

ndash Detailed dose planning ndash Detailed tooling and trainingndash Additional local shielding

total integrated dose 16mSvbull Aug 2007 Cracks in busbar flexible

connection of reflectorndash New design during shutdown 200708 for

horn and reflector

Lessons Concentrate in design on peripherals

(insulating water lines)Design with repair in mind test

thoroughly without beam Foresee tooling training


36CNGS Radiation Issues

200607106 hcm2yr

2008++

CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area Large fraction of electronics in tunnel area

bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure of ventilation system installed in the CNGS tunnel area due to

radiation effects in the control electronics (SEU due to high energy hadron fluence)

bull Modifications during shutdown 200708ndash move as much electronics as possible out of CNGS tunnel areandash Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGSndash Add shielding decrease radiation by up to a factor 106

Lessonsmove electronics to surface building if possibledonrsquot design straight tunnels between target area and service gallery-

use chicane designbe aware of standard components in electronicsaddress radiation hardness of installed electronics and material for

high intensity areas


37

hellip CNGS Radiation Issues

bull Tritium level in sumps similar observation like at NuMI

bull Special treatment required for waterndash Alkaline (activated) water in hadron stop sumpndash Collection of hydrocarbons upstream of target area ndash luckily

not activatedbull Ventilation and water cooling system

ndash Fine tuning of valves ventilator tedious long commissioning time

ndash Efficient leak detection in case of water leak


38

T2K Neutrino Facility Neutrino Facility at Jat J--PARCPARC


39

T2KLong baseline neutrino oscillation experiment from Tokai to Kamioka

TokaiKamioka

Physics goalsDiscovery of νμrarrνe appearance Precise meas of disappearance νμrarrνx

J-PARC075MW 50GeV PS

Super-K 50 ktonWater Cherenkov

Pseudo-monochromatic low energy off-axis beam tunable by changing theoff-axis angel between 2 deg and 25deg (Eν = 08GeV ~065 GeV)

Neutrino Facility Neutrino Facility at Jat J--PARCPARC


40


T2K Beam Line Neutrino Facility Neutrino Facility at Jat J--PARCPARC

Installed and aligned

Installed Mar 08

1014 doublets installed

Completed in Dec 08

Construction of building Jun08Target full prototype Dec08

Horns 1amp3 delivered and testedHorn2 delivered Jun08Assembly starts Aug08

FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08

On axis detectorAvalaible day oneOff axis detectorFall 09 for high-

intensity operation

First Neutrino BeamApril 2009


41

Summary


42Summarybull Neutrino beam design

ndash Basics are lsquostraightforwardrsquo + lots of experience(Beam optics Monte Carlo mechanicalelectrical design tools)

bull Start-up and initial (lower intensity) running ndash Generally very smooth

bull Hostile environmentndash Radioactivity (high intensity high energy proton beams)ndash Humidity (water cooling infiltrationshellip)ndash Mechanical shocks (particle and electric pulses)

bull Design tends to be compromise ofndash Long lifetime of equipmentndash Maximal performance of beamndash Remote repair vs remote exchange of equipment

BUT Challenges

Problems start at higher intensitieshellip


43

hellip Summarybull Problem areas found

ndash Corrosion (horn target auxiliary components)ndash Fatigue (design flawshellip)ndash Tritiumndash Electronics (radiation issues of standard components)

Example CNGSbull 2006 initial commissioning (20 days)

ndash Horn water leak after ~6 weeks of runningdesignbrazing errorlesson test COMPLETE systems

bull 2007 re-commissioning (11 days)ndash Ventilation problems after ~3 weeks of running

radiation on electronics SEUlesson any object on the market today contains electronics

componentsbull 2008 re-commissioning (7 days)

Keep running now


44

Many Thanks for all Contributions

Sam Childress Sacha Kopp Peter Kasper Kazuhiro Tanaka Takashi Kobayashi Ans

Pardons Heinz Vincke


45

Proton Beam Lines for Neutrino Beams-Extraction Transport and Targeting

bull For all Neutrino beam linesndash Careful designndash Extraction line equipment stable and reproduciblendash Good magnet stability in transfer linendash Fully automated beam position control ndash Negligible beam lossesndash Comprehensive beam interlock system

No major problemsWatch out for much higher intensities


2

Outline

bull Overview of Operating Neutrino Beamsbull Results and Lessons from

ndash K2Kndash MiniBooNEndash NuMIndash CNGSndash T2K

bull Summary


3




Ans Pardons



Sam Childress










23 Δm213)




vacuum

800m 100m 1000m 67m26m













6

K2K



200m






8

Ｉｒｏｎ

Concrete

Soil

BeamSK

Target amp 1st Horn

Transformer12

Top view


17m

215

37m

2

15


2nd Horn




9










10



00E+00

20E+06

40E+06

60E+06

80E+06

10E+07

12E+07

14E+07

99

01

99

05

99

09

00

01

00

05

00

09

01

01

01

05

01

09

02

01

02

05

02

09

03

01

03

05

03

09

04

01

04

05

04

09

05

01

Run1999

Run2000

H１-3-5φ25

H1-4φ30

H2-2

H2-1

H1-7φ30

H2-3

H１-3φ25

H1-2φ20

H1-6φ25

Parabolic disk

Run2001

H1-8φ30

H1-8φ

30

Run2002-03

Run2004

K2K Horn





horn pulses


11

MiniBooNE


12

MiniBooNE









13








8 GeV Beamline



(fixed)

25m50m

(18m)

LMC


14


2003 20052004 2006 2007 2008

Anti-neutrinos

26801 Million

11 E20

880703



15

MiniBooNE Horn















17

NuMI


18

Neutrino beam








19








20


oton

s pe

r Wee

k (E

18)

M amp D

M amp D





Tota

l Pro

tons

(E20

)

067middot1020 p2005

103middot1020 p2006

191middot1020 p2007

126middot1020 p2008


21NuMI Target



BaffleTarget


energy


22

protonHorn 1

HoTarget







Water in target

vacuum chamber









24


3 m

NuMI Work Cell

Railing

Lead-glass window


Concrete wall

Module



25









26

CNGS





CERN

Gran Sasso







28

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID









29













270cm

1125cm








NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge


negative charge

FLU

KA

sim

ulat

ions

P S

ala

et a

l 200

8





33hellipCNGS Target


tables NOT

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

BPM2 [mm]

arbi

trar

y un

it







mul

tiplic

ty


34





35




under pressure




horn and reflector






200607106 hcm2yr

2008++









37








38



39


TokaiKamioka







40




Installed Mar 08


Completed in Dec 08



FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08


intensity operation



41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45





3




Ans Pardons



Sam Childress










23 Δm213)




vacuum

800m 100m 1000m 67m26m













6

K2K



200m






8

Ｉｒｏｎ

Concrete

Soil

BeamSK

Target amp 1st Horn

Transformer12

Top view


17m

215

37m

2

15


2nd Horn




9










10



00E+00

20E+06

40E+06

60E+06

80E+06

10E+07

12E+07

14E+07

99

01

99

05

99

09

00

01

00

05

00

09

01

01

01

05

01

09

02

01

02

05

02

09

03

01

03

05

03

09

04

01

04

05

04

09

05

01

Run1999

Run2000

H１-3-5φ25

H1-4φ30

H2-2

H2-1

H1-7φ30

H2-3

H１-3φ25

H1-2φ20

H1-6φ25

Parabolic disk

Run2001

H1-8φ30

H1-8φ

30

Run2002-03

Run2004

K2K Horn





horn pulses


11

MiniBooNE


12

MiniBooNE









13








8 GeV Beamline



(fixed)

25m50m

(18m)

LMC


14


2003 20052004 2006 2007 2008

Anti-neutrinos

26801 Million

11 E20

880703



15

MiniBooNE Horn















17

NuMI


18

Neutrino beam








19








20


oton

s pe

r Wee

k (E

18)

M amp D

M amp D





Tota

l Pro

tons

(E20

)

067middot1020 p2005

103middot1020 p2006

191middot1020 p2007

126middot1020 p2008


21NuMI Target



BaffleTarget


energy


22

protonHorn 1

HoTarget







Water in target

vacuum chamber









24


3 m

NuMI Work Cell

Railing

Lead-glass window


Concrete wall

Module



25









26

CNGS





CERN

Gran Sasso







28

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID









29













270cm

1125cm








NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge


negative charge

FLU

KA

sim

ulat

ions

P S

ala

et a

l 200

8





33hellipCNGS Target


tables NOT

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

BPM2 [mm]

arbi

trar

y un

it







mul

tiplic

ty


34





35




under pressure




horn and reflector






200607106 hcm2yr

2008++









37








38



39


TokaiKamioka







40




Installed Mar 08


Completed in Dec 08



FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08


intensity operation



41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45













23 Δm213)




vacuum

800m 100m 1000m 67m26m













6

K2K



200m






8

Ｉｒｏｎ

Concrete

Soil

BeamSK

Target amp 1st Horn

Transformer12

Top view


17m

215

37m

2

15


2nd Horn




9










10



00E+00

20E+06

40E+06

60E+06

80E+06

10E+07

12E+07

14E+07

99

01

99

05

99

09

00

01

00

05

00

09

01

01

01

05

01

09

02

01

02

05

02

09

03

01

03

05

03

09

04

01

04

05

04

09

05

01

Run1999

Run2000

H１-3-5φ25

H1-4φ30

H2-2

H2-1

H1-7φ30

H2-3

H１-3φ25

H1-2φ20

H1-6φ25

Parabolic disk

Run2001

H1-8φ30

H1-8φ

30

Run2002-03

Run2004

K2K Horn





horn pulses


11

MiniBooNE


12

MiniBooNE









13








8 GeV Beamline



(fixed)

25m50m

(18m)

LMC


14


2003 20052004 2006 2007 2008

Anti-neutrinos

26801 Million

11 E20

880703



15

MiniBooNE Horn















17

NuMI


18

Neutrino beam








19








20


oton

s pe

r Wee

k (E

18)

M amp D

M amp D





Tota

l Pro

tons

(E20

)

067middot1020 p2005

103middot1020 p2006

191middot1020 p2007

126middot1020 p2008


21NuMI Target



BaffleTarget


energy


22

protonHorn 1

HoTarget







Water in target

vacuum chamber









24


3 m

NuMI Work Cell

Railing

Lead-glass window


Concrete wall

Module



25









26

CNGS





CERN

Gran Sasso







28

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID









29













270cm

1125cm








NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge


negative charge

FLU

KA

sim

ulat

ions

P S

ala

et a

l 200

8





33hellipCNGS Target


tables NOT

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

BPM2 [mm]

arbi

trar

y un

it







mul

tiplic

ty


34





35




under pressure




horn and reflector






200607106 hcm2yr

2008++









37








38



39


TokaiKamioka







40




Installed Mar 08


Completed in Dec 08



FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08


intensity operation



41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45






vacuum

800m 100m 1000m 67m26m













6

K2K



200m






8

Ｉｒｏｎ

Concrete

Soil

BeamSK

Target amp 1st Horn

Transformer12

Top view


17m

215

37m

2

15


2nd Horn




9










10



00E+00

20E+06

40E+06

60E+06

80E+06

10E+07

12E+07

14E+07

99

01

99

05

99

09

00

01

00

05

00

09

01

01

01

05

01

09

02

01

02

05

02

09

03

01

03

05

03

09

04

01

04

05

04

09

05

01

Run1999

Run2000

H１-3-5φ25

H1-4φ30

H2-2

H2-1

H1-7φ30

H2-3

H１-3φ25

H1-2φ20

H1-6φ25

Parabolic disk

Run2001

H1-8φ30

H1-8φ

30

Run2002-03

Run2004

K2K Horn





horn pulses


11

MiniBooNE


12

MiniBooNE









13








8 GeV Beamline



(fixed)

25m50m

(18m)

LMC


14


2003 20052004 2006 2007 2008

Anti-neutrinos

26801 Million

11 E20

880703



15

MiniBooNE Horn















17

NuMI


18

Neutrino beam








19








20


oton

s pe

r Wee

k (E

18)

M amp D

M amp D





Tota

l Pro

tons

(E20

)

067middot1020 p2005

103middot1020 p2006

191middot1020 p2007

126middot1020 p2008


21NuMI Target



BaffleTarget


energy


22

protonHorn 1

HoTarget







Water in target

vacuum chamber









24


3 m

NuMI Work Cell

Railing

Lead-glass window


Concrete wall

Module



25









26

CNGS





CERN

Gran Sasso







28

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID









29













270cm

1125cm








NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge


negative charge

FLU

KA

sim

ulat

ions

P S

ala

et a

l 200

8





33hellipCNGS Target


tables NOT

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

BPM2 [mm]

arbi

trar

y un

it







mul

tiplic

ty


34





35




under pressure




horn and reflector






200607106 hcm2yr

2008++









37








38



39


TokaiKamioka







40




Installed Mar 08


Completed in Dec 08



FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08


intensity operation



41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45





6

K2K



200m






8

Ｉｒｏｎ

Concrete

Soil

BeamSK

Target amp 1st Horn

Transformer12

Top view


17m

215

37m

2

15


2nd Horn




9










10



00E+00

20E+06

40E+06

60E+06

80E+06

10E+07

12E+07

14E+07

99

01

99

05

99

09

00

01

00

05

00

09

01

01

01

05

01

09

02

01

02

05

02

09

03

01

03

05

03

09

04

01

04

05

04

09

05

01

Run1999

Run2000

H１-3-5φ25

H1-4φ30

H2-2

H2-1

H1-7φ30

H2-3

H１-3φ25

H1-2φ20

H1-6φ25

Parabolic disk

Run2001

H1-8φ30

H1-8φ

30

Run2002-03

Run2004

K2K Horn





horn pulses


11

MiniBooNE


12

MiniBooNE









13








8 GeV Beamline



(fixed)

25m50m

(18m)

LMC


14


2003 20052004 2006 2007 2008

Anti-neutrinos

26801 Million

11 E20

880703



15

MiniBooNE Horn















17

NuMI


18

Neutrino beam








19








20


oton

s pe

r Wee

k (E

18)

M amp D

M amp D





Tota

l Pro

tons

(E20

)

067middot1020 p2005

103middot1020 p2006

191middot1020 p2007

126middot1020 p2008


21NuMI Target



BaffleTarget


energy


22

protonHorn 1

HoTarget







Water in target

vacuum chamber









24


3 m

NuMI Work Cell

Railing

Lead-glass window


Concrete wall

Module



25









26

CNGS





CERN

Gran Sasso







28

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID









29













270cm

1125cm








NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge


negative charge

FLU

KA

sim

ulat

ions

P S

ala

et a

l 200

8





33hellipCNGS Target


tables NOT

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

BPM2 [mm]

arbi

trar

y un

it







mul

tiplic

ty


34





35




under pressure




horn and reflector






200607106 hcm2yr

2008++









37








38



39


TokaiKamioka







40




Installed Mar 08


Completed in Dec 08



FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08


intensity operation



41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45






200m






8

Ｉｒｏｎ

Concrete

Soil

BeamSK

Target amp 1st Horn

Transformer12

Top view


17m

215

37m

2

15


2nd Horn




9










10



00E+00

20E+06

40E+06

60E+06

80E+06

10E+07

12E+07

14E+07

99

01

99

05

99

09

00

01

00

05

00

09

01

01

01

05

01

09

02

01

02

05

02

09

03

01

03

05

03

09

04

01

04

05

04

09

05

01

Run1999

Run2000

H１-3-5φ25

H1-4φ30

H2-2

H2-1

H1-7φ30

H2-3

H１-3φ25

H1-2φ20

H1-6φ25

Parabolic disk

Run2001

H1-8φ30

H1-8φ

30

Run2002-03

Run2004

K2K Horn





horn pulses


11

MiniBooNE


12

MiniBooNE









13








8 GeV Beamline



(fixed)

25m50m

(18m)

LMC


14


2003 20052004 2006 2007 2008

Anti-neutrinos

26801 Million

11 E20

880703



15

MiniBooNE Horn















17

NuMI


18

Neutrino beam








19








20


oton

s pe

r Wee

k (E

18)

M amp D

M amp D





Tota

l Pro

tons

(E20

)

067middot1020 p2005

103middot1020 p2006

191middot1020 p2007

126middot1020 p2008


21NuMI Target



BaffleTarget


energy


22

protonHorn 1

HoTarget







Water in target

vacuum chamber









24


3 m

NuMI Work Cell

Railing

Lead-glass window


Concrete wall

Module



25









26

CNGS





CERN

Gran Sasso







28

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID









29













270cm

1125cm








NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge


negative charge

FLU

KA

sim

ulat

ions

P S

ala

et a

l 200

8





33hellipCNGS Target


tables NOT

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

BPM2 [mm]

arbi

trar

y un

it







mul

tiplic

ty


34





35




under pressure




horn and reflector






200607106 hcm2yr

2008++









37








38



39


TokaiKamioka







40




Installed Mar 08


Completed in Dec 08



FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08


intensity operation



41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45





8

Ｉｒｏｎ

Concrete

Soil

BeamSK

Target amp 1st Horn

Transformer12

Top view


17m

215

37m

2

15


2nd Horn




9










10



00E+00

20E+06

40E+06

60E+06

80E+06

10E+07

12E+07

14E+07

99

01

99

05

99

09

00

01

00

05

00

09

01

01

01

05

01

09

02

01

02

05

02

09

03

01

03

05

03

09

04

01

04

05

04

09

05

01

Run1999

Run2000

H１-3-5φ25

H1-4φ30

H2-2

H2-1

H1-7φ30

H2-3

H１-3φ25

H1-2φ20

H1-6φ25

Parabolic disk

Run2001

H1-8φ30

H1-8φ

30

Run2002-03

Run2004

K2K Horn





horn pulses


11

MiniBooNE


12

MiniBooNE









13








8 GeV Beamline



(fixed)

25m50m

(18m)

LMC


14


2003 20052004 2006 2007 2008

Anti-neutrinos

26801 Million

11 E20

880703



15

MiniBooNE Horn















17

NuMI


18

Neutrino beam








19








20


oton

s pe

r Wee

k (E

18)

M amp D

M amp D





Tota

l Pro

tons

(E20

)

067middot1020 p2005

103middot1020 p2006

191middot1020 p2007

126middot1020 p2008


21NuMI Target



BaffleTarget


energy


22

protonHorn 1

HoTarget







Water in target

vacuum chamber









24


3 m

NuMI Work Cell

Railing

Lead-glass window


Concrete wall

Module



25









26

CNGS





CERN

Gran Sasso







28

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID









29













270cm

1125cm








NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge


negative charge

FLU

KA

sim

ulat

ions

P S

ala

et a

l 200

8





33hellipCNGS Target


tables NOT

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

BPM2 [mm]

arbi

trar

y un

it







mul

tiplic

ty


34





35




under pressure




horn and reflector






200607106 hcm2yr

2008++









37








38



39


TokaiKamioka







40




Installed Mar 08


Completed in Dec 08



FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08


intensity operation



41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45





9










10



00E+00

20E+06

40E+06

60E+06

80E+06

10E+07

12E+07

14E+07

99

01

99

05

99

09

00

01

00

05

00

09

01

01

01

05

01

09

02

01

02

05

02

09

03

01

03

05

03

09

04

01

04

05

04

09

05

01

Run1999

Run2000

H１-3-5φ25

H1-4φ30

H2-2

H2-1

H1-7φ30

H2-3

H１-3φ25

H1-2φ20

H1-6φ25

Parabolic disk

Run2001

H1-8φ30

H1-8φ

30

Run2002-03

Run2004

K2K Horn





horn pulses


11

MiniBooNE


12

MiniBooNE









13








8 GeV Beamline



(fixed)

25m50m

(18m)

LMC


14


2003 20052004 2006 2007 2008

Anti-neutrinos

26801 Million

11 E20

880703



15

MiniBooNE Horn















17

NuMI


18

Neutrino beam








19








20


oton

s pe

r Wee

k (E

18)

M amp D

M amp D





Tota

l Pro

tons

(E20

)

067middot1020 p2005

103middot1020 p2006

191middot1020 p2007

126middot1020 p2008


21NuMI Target



BaffleTarget


energy


22

protonHorn 1

HoTarget







Water in target

vacuum chamber









24


3 m

NuMI Work Cell

Railing

Lead-glass window


Concrete wall

Module



25









26

CNGS





CERN

Gran Sasso







28

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID









29













270cm

1125cm








NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge


negative charge

FLU

KA

sim

ulat

ions

P S

ala

et a

l 200

8





33hellipCNGS Target


tables NOT

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

BPM2 [mm]

arbi

trar

y un

it







mul

tiplic

ty


34





35




under pressure




horn and reflector






200607106 hcm2yr

2008++









37








38



39


TokaiKamioka







40




Installed Mar 08


Completed in Dec 08



FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08


intensity operation



41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45





10



00E+00

20E+06

40E+06

60E+06

80E+06

10E+07

12E+07

14E+07

99

01

99

05

99

09

00

01

00

05

00

09

01

01

01

05

01

09

02

01

02

05

02

09

03

01

03

05

03

09

04

01

04

05

04

09

05

01

Run1999

Run2000

H１-3-5φ25

H1-4φ30

H2-2

H2-1

H1-7φ30

H2-3

H１-3φ25

H1-2φ20

H1-6φ25

Parabolic disk

Run2001

H1-8φ30

H1-8φ

30

Run2002-03

Run2004

K2K Horn





horn pulses


11

MiniBooNE


12

MiniBooNE









13








8 GeV Beamline



(fixed)

25m50m

(18m)

LMC


14


2003 20052004 2006 2007 2008

Anti-neutrinos

26801 Million

11 E20

880703



15

MiniBooNE Horn















17

NuMI


18

Neutrino beam








19








20


oton

s pe

r Wee

k (E

18)

M amp D

M amp D





Tota

l Pro

tons

(E20

)

067middot1020 p2005

103middot1020 p2006

191middot1020 p2007

126middot1020 p2008


21NuMI Target



BaffleTarget


energy


22

protonHorn 1

HoTarget







Water in target

vacuum chamber









24


3 m

NuMI Work Cell

Railing

Lead-glass window


Concrete wall

Module



25









26

CNGS





CERN

Gran Sasso







28

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID









29













270cm

1125cm








NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge


negative charge

FLU

KA

sim

ulat

ions

P S

ala

et a

l 200

8





33hellipCNGS Target


tables NOT

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

BPM2 [mm]

arbi

trar

y un

it







mul

tiplic

ty


34





35




under pressure




horn and reflector






200607106 hcm2yr

2008++









37








38



39


TokaiKamioka







40




Installed Mar 08


Completed in Dec 08



FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08


intensity operation



41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45





11

MiniBooNE


12

MiniBooNE









13








8 GeV Beamline



(fixed)

25m50m

(18m)

LMC


14


2003 20052004 2006 2007 2008

Anti-neutrinos

26801 Million

11 E20

880703



15

MiniBooNE Horn















17

NuMI


18

Neutrino beam








19








20


oton

s pe

r Wee

k (E

18)

M amp D

M amp D





Tota

l Pro

tons

(E20

)

067middot1020 p2005

103middot1020 p2006

191middot1020 p2007

126middot1020 p2008


21NuMI Target



BaffleTarget


energy


22

protonHorn 1

HoTarget







Water in target

vacuum chamber









24


3 m

NuMI Work Cell

Railing

Lead-glass window


Concrete wall

Module



25









26

CNGS





CERN

Gran Sasso







28

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID









29













270cm

1125cm








NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge


negative charge

FLU

KA

sim

ulat

ions

P S

ala

et a

l 200

8





33hellipCNGS Target


tables NOT

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

BPM2 [mm]

arbi

trar

y un

it







mul

tiplic

ty


34





35




under pressure




horn and reflector






200607106 hcm2yr

2008++









37








38



39


TokaiKamioka







40




Installed Mar 08


Completed in Dec 08



FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08


intensity operation



41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45





12

MiniBooNE









13








8 GeV Beamline



(fixed)

25m50m

(18m)

LMC


14


2003 20052004 2006 2007 2008

Anti-neutrinos

26801 Million

11 E20

880703



15

MiniBooNE Horn















17

NuMI


18

Neutrino beam








19








20


oton

s pe

r Wee

k (E

18)

M amp D

M amp D





Tota

l Pro

tons

(E20

)

067middot1020 p2005

103middot1020 p2006

191middot1020 p2007

126middot1020 p2008


21NuMI Target



BaffleTarget


energy


22

protonHorn 1

HoTarget







Water in target

vacuum chamber









24


3 m

NuMI Work Cell

Railing

Lead-glass window


Concrete wall

Module



25









26

CNGS





CERN

Gran Sasso







28

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID









29













270cm

1125cm








NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge


negative charge

FLU

KA

sim

ulat

ions

P S

ala

et a

l 200

8





33hellipCNGS Target


tables NOT

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

BPM2 [mm]

arbi

trar

y un

it







mul

tiplic

ty


34





35




under pressure




horn and reflector






200607106 hcm2yr

2008++









37








38



39


TokaiKamioka







40




Installed Mar 08


Completed in Dec 08



FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08


intensity operation



41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45





13








8 GeV Beamline



(fixed)

25m50m

(18m)

LMC


14


2003 20052004 2006 2007 2008

Anti-neutrinos

26801 Million

11 E20

880703



15

MiniBooNE Horn















17

NuMI


18

Neutrino beam








19








20


oton

s pe

r Wee

k (E

18)

M amp D

M amp D





Tota

l Pro

tons

(E20

)

067middot1020 p2005

103middot1020 p2006

191middot1020 p2007

126middot1020 p2008


21NuMI Target



BaffleTarget


energy


22

protonHorn 1

HoTarget







Water in target

vacuum chamber









24


3 m

NuMI Work Cell

Railing

Lead-glass window


Concrete wall

Module



25









26

CNGS





CERN

Gran Sasso







28

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID









29













270cm

1125cm








NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge


negative charge

FLU

KA

sim

ulat

ions

P S

ala

et a

l 200

8





33hellipCNGS Target


tables NOT

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

BPM2 [mm]

arbi

trar

y un

it







mul

tiplic

ty


34





35




under pressure




horn and reflector






200607106 hcm2yr

2008++









37








38



39


TokaiKamioka







40




Installed Mar 08


Completed in Dec 08



FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08


intensity operation



41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45





14


2003 20052004 2006 2007 2008

Anti-neutrinos

26801 Million

11 E20

880703



15

MiniBooNE Horn















17

NuMI


18

Neutrino beam








19








20


oton

s pe

r Wee

k (E

18)

M amp D

M amp D





Tota

l Pro

tons

(E20

)

067middot1020 p2005

103middot1020 p2006

191middot1020 p2007

126middot1020 p2008


21NuMI Target



BaffleTarget


energy


22

protonHorn 1

HoTarget







Water in target

vacuum chamber









24


3 m

NuMI Work Cell

Railing

Lead-glass window


Concrete wall

Module



25









26

CNGS





CERN

Gran Sasso







28

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID









29













270cm

1125cm








NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge


negative charge

FLU

KA

sim

ulat

ions

P S

ala

et a

l 200

8





33hellipCNGS Target


tables NOT

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

BPM2 [mm]

arbi

trar

y un

it







mul

tiplic

ty


34





35




under pressure




horn and reflector






200607106 hcm2yr

2008++









37








38



39


TokaiKamioka







40




Installed Mar 08


Completed in Dec 08



FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08


intensity operation



41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45





15

MiniBooNE Horn















17

NuMI


18

Neutrino beam








19








20


oton

s pe

r Wee

k (E

18)

M amp D

M amp D





Tota

l Pro

tons

(E20

)

067middot1020 p2005

103middot1020 p2006

191middot1020 p2007

126middot1020 p2008


21NuMI Target



BaffleTarget


energy


22

protonHorn 1

HoTarget







Water in target

vacuum chamber









24


3 m

NuMI Work Cell

Railing

Lead-glass window


Concrete wall

Module



25









26

CNGS





CERN

Gran Sasso







28

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID









29













270cm

1125cm








NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge


negative charge

FLU

KA

sim

ulat

ions

P S

ala

et a

l 200

8





33hellipCNGS Target


tables NOT

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

BPM2 [mm]

arbi

trar

y un

it







mul

tiplic

ty


34





35




under pressure




horn and reflector






200607106 hcm2yr

2008++









37








38



39


TokaiKamioka







40




Installed Mar 08


Completed in Dec 08



FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08


intensity operation



41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45











17

NuMI


18

Neutrino beam








19








20


oton

s pe

r Wee

k (E

18)

M amp D

M amp D





Tota

l Pro

tons

(E20

)

067middot1020 p2005

103middot1020 p2006

191middot1020 p2007

126middot1020 p2008


21NuMI Target



BaffleTarget


energy


22

protonHorn 1

HoTarget







Water in target

vacuum chamber









24


3 m

NuMI Work Cell

Railing

Lead-glass window


Concrete wall

Module



25









26

CNGS





CERN

Gran Sasso







28

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID









29













270cm

1125cm








NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge


negative charge

FLU

KA

sim

ulat

ions

P S

ala

et a

l 200

8





33hellipCNGS Target


tables NOT

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

BPM2 [mm]

arbi

trar

y un

it







mul

tiplic

ty


34





35




under pressure




horn and reflector






200607106 hcm2yr

2008++









37








38



39


TokaiKamioka







40




Installed Mar 08


Completed in Dec 08



FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08


intensity operation



41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45





18

Neutrino beam








19








20


oton

s pe

r Wee

k (E

18)

M amp D

M amp D





Tota

l Pro

tons

(E20

)

067middot1020 p2005

103middot1020 p2006

191middot1020 p2007

126middot1020 p2008


21NuMI Target



BaffleTarget


energy


22

protonHorn 1

HoTarget







Water in target

vacuum chamber









24


3 m

NuMI Work Cell

Railing

Lead-glass window


Concrete wall

Module



25









26

CNGS





CERN

Gran Sasso







28

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID









29













270cm

1125cm








NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge


negative charge

FLU

KA

sim

ulat

ions

P S

ala

et a

l 200

8





33hellipCNGS Target


tables NOT

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

BPM2 [mm]

arbi

trar

y un

it







mul

tiplic

ty


34





35




under pressure




horn and reflector






200607106 hcm2yr

2008++









37








38



39


TokaiKamioka







40




Installed Mar 08


Completed in Dec 08



FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08


intensity operation



41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45





19








20


oton

s pe

r Wee

k (E

18)

M amp D

M amp D





Tota

l Pro

tons

(E20

)

067middot1020 p2005

103middot1020 p2006

191middot1020 p2007

126middot1020 p2008


21NuMI Target



BaffleTarget


energy


22

protonHorn 1

HoTarget







Water in target

vacuum chamber









24


3 m

NuMI Work Cell

Railing

Lead-glass window


Concrete wall

Module



25









26

CNGS





CERN

Gran Sasso







28

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID









29













270cm

1125cm








NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge


negative charge

FLU

KA

sim

ulat

ions

P S

ala

et a

l 200

8





33hellipCNGS Target


tables NOT

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

BPM2 [mm]

arbi

trar

y un

it







mul

tiplic

ty


34





35




under pressure




horn and reflector






200607106 hcm2yr

2008++









37








38



39


TokaiKamioka







40




Installed Mar 08


Completed in Dec 08



FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08


intensity operation



41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45





20


oton

s pe

r Wee

k (E

18)

M amp D

M amp D





Tota

l Pro

tons

(E20

)

067middot1020 p2005

103middot1020 p2006

191middot1020 p2007

126middot1020 p2008


21NuMI Target



BaffleTarget


energy


22

protonHorn 1

HoTarget







Water in target

vacuum chamber









24


3 m

NuMI Work Cell

Railing

Lead-glass window


Concrete wall

Module



25









26

CNGS





CERN

Gran Sasso







28

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID









29













270cm

1125cm








NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge


negative charge

FLU

KA

sim

ulat

ions

P S

ala

et a

l 200

8





33hellipCNGS Target


tables NOT

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

BPM2 [mm]

arbi

trar

y un

it







mul

tiplic

ty


34





35




under pressure




horn and reflector






200607106 hcm2yr

2008++









37








38



39


TokaiKamioka







40




Installed Mar 08


Completed in Dec 08



FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08


intensity operation



41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45





21NuMI Target



BaffleTarget


energy


22

protonHorn 1

HoTarget







Water in target

vacuum chamber









24


3 m

NuMI Work Cell

Railing

Lead-glass window


Concrete wall

Module



25









26

CNGS





CERN

Gran Sasso







28

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID









29













270cm

1125cm








NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge


negative charge

FLU

KA

sim

ulat

ions

P S

ala

et a

l 200

8





33hellipCNGS Target


tables NOT

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

BPM2 [mm]

arbi

trar

y un

it







mul

tiplic

ty


34





35




under pressure




horn and reflector






200607106 hcm2yr

2008++









37








38



39


TokaiKamioka







40




Installed Mar 08


Completed in Dec 08



FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08


intensity operation



41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45





22

protonHorn 1

HoTarget







Water in target

vacuum chamber









24


3 m

NuMI Work Cell

Railing

Lead-glass window


Concrete wall

Module



25









26

CNGS





CERN

Gran Sasso







28

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID









29













270cm

1125cm








NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge


negative charge

FLU

KA

sim

ulat

ions

P S

ala

et a

l 200

8





33hellipCNGS Target


tables NOT

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

BPM2 [mm]

arbi

trar

y un

it







mul

tiplic

ty


34





35




under pressure




horn and reflector






200607106 hcm2yr

2008++









37








38



39


TokaiKamioka







40




Installed Mar 08


Completed in Dec 08



FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08


intensity operation



41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45












24


3 m

NuMI Work Cell

Railing

Lead-glass window


Concrete wall

Module



25









26

CNGS





CERN

Gran Sasso







28

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID









29













270cm

1125cm








NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge


negative charge

FLU

KA

sim

ulat

ions

P S

ala

et a

l 200

8





33hellipCNGS Target


tables NOT

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

BPM2 [mm]

arbi

trar

y un

it







mul

tiplic

ty


34





35




under pressure




horn and reflector






200607106 hcm2yr

2008++









37








38



39


TokaiKamioka







40




Installed Mar 08


Completed in Dec 08



FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08


intensity operation



41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45





25









26

CNGS





CERN

Gran Sasso







28

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID









29













270cm

1125cm








NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge


negative charge

FLU

KA

sim

ulat

ions

P S

ala

et a

l 200

8





33hellipCNGS Target


tables NOT

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

BPM2 [mm]

arbi

trar

y un

it







mul

tiplic

ty


34





35




under pressure




horn and reflector






200607106 hcm2yr

2008++









37








38



39


TokaiKamioka







40




Installed Mar 08


Completed in Dec 08



FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08


intensity operation



41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45





26

CNGS





CERN

Gran Sasso







28

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID









29













270cm

1125cm








NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge


negative charge

FLU

KA

sim

ulat

ions

P S

ala

et a

l 200

8





33hellipCNGS Target


tables NOT

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

BPM2 [mm]

arbi

trar

y un

it







mul

tiplic

ty


34





35




under pressure




horn and reflector






200607106 hcm2yr

2008++









37








38



39


TokaiKamioka







40




Installed Mar 08


Completed in Dec 08



FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08


intensity operation



41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45








CERN

Gran Sasso







28

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID









29













270cm

1125cm








NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge


negative charge

FLU

KA

sim

ulat

ions

P S

ala

et a

l 200

8





33hellipCNGS Target


tables NOT

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

BPM2 [mm]

arbi

trar

y un

it







mul

tiplic

ty


34





35




under pressure




horn and reflector






200607106 hcm2yr

2008++









37








38



39


TokaiKamioka







40




Installed Mar 08


Completed in Dec 08



FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08


intensity operation



41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45





28

434m100m

1095m 18m 5m 5m67m

27m

TBID









29













270cm

1125cm








NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge


negative charge

FLU

KA

sim

ulat

ions

P S

ala

et a

l 200

8





33hellipCNGS Target


tables NOT

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

BPM2 [mm]

arbi

trar

y un

it







mul

tiplic

ty


34





35




under pressure




horn and reflector






200607106 hcm2yr

2008++









37








38



39


TokaiKamioka







40




Installed Mar 08


Completed in Dec 08



FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08


intensity operation



41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45





29













270cm

1125cm








NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge


negative charge

FLU

KA

sim

ulat

ions

P S

ala

et a

l 200

8





33hellipCNGS Target


tables NOT

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

BPM2 [mm]

arbi

trar

y un

it







mul

tiplic

ty


34





35




under pressure




horn and reflector






200607106 hcm2yr

2008++









37








38



39


TokaiKamioka







40




Installed Mar 08


Completed in Dec 08



FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08


intensity operation



41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45









270cm

1125cm








NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge


negative charge

FLU

KA

sim

ulat

ions

P S

ala

et a

l 200

8





33hellipCNGS Target


tables NOT

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

BPM2 [mm]

arbi

trar

y un

it







mul

tiplic

ty


34





35




under pressure




horn and reflector






200607106 hcm2yr

2008++









37








38



39


TokaiKamioka







40




Installed Mar 08


Completed in Dec 08



FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08


intensity operation



41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45










NeutrinoFocusing on

positive charge


negative charge

FLU

KA

sim

ulat

ions

P S

ala

et a

l 200

8





33hellipCNGS Target


tables NOT

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

BPM2 [mm]

arbi

trar

y un

it







mul

tiplic

ty


34





35




under pressure




horn and reflector






200607106 hcm2yr

2008++









37








38



39


TokaiKamioka







40




Installed Mar 08


Completed in Dec 08



FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08


intensity operation



41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45








33hellipCNGS Target


tables NOT

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

BPM2 [mm]

arbi

trar

y un

it







mul

tiplic

ty


34





35




under pressure




horn and reflector






200607106 hcm2yr

2008++









37








38



39


TokaiKamioka







40




Installed Mar 08


Completed in Dec 08



FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08


intensity operation



41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45





34





35




under pressure




horn and reflector






200607106 hcm2yr

2008++









37








38



39


TokaiKamioka







40




Installed Mar 08


Completed in Dec 08



FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08


intensity operation



41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45





35




under pressure




horn and reflector






200607106 hcm2yr

2008++









37








38



39


TokaiKamioka







40




Installed Mar 08


Completed in Dec 08



FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08


intensity operation



41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45






200607106 hcm2yr

2008++









37








38



39


TokaiKamioka







40




Installed Mar 08


Completed in Dec 08



FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08


intensity operation



41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45





37








38



39


TokaiKamioka







40




Installed Mar 08


Completed in Dec 08



FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08


intensity operation



41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45





38



39


TokaiKamioka







40




Installed Mar 08


Completed in Dec 08



FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08


intensity operation



41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45





39


TokaiKamioka







40




Installed Mar 08


Completed in Dec 08



FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08


intensity operation



41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45





40




Installed Mar 08


Completed in Dec 08



FinishedAug08

AssemblySep08

InstallationOct08


intensity operation



41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45





41

Summary







BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45










BUT Challenges



43








Keep running now


44





45





43








Keep running now


44





45





44





45





45




results and lessons from the operation of current beams

Documents