Results of Sampling Campaigns Reporting of the AMOK project - Advanced Monitoring of Combined Sewer Overflows (Appendix 5)

October 2015

Results of Sampling Campaigns

Reporting of the AMOK project - Advanced Monitoring of Combined Sewer Overflows (Appendix 5)

27 October 2015

Written by Luca Vezzaro and Peter Steen Mikkelsen

Copyright: Hel eller delvis gengivelse af denne publikation er tilladt med kildeangivelse

Udgivet af: Institut for Vand og Miljøteknologi, Miljøvej, Bygning 113, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby

Results of Sampling Campaigns

Table of Content

1.  Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1 

2.  Measured water quality variables ........................................................................................ 3 

2.1  Traditional pollutants ............................................................................................................ 3 

2.2  Heavy metals ..................................................................................................................... 17 

2.3  Organic Pollutants .............................................................................................................. 23 

2.4  Microbiological parameters ................................................................................................ 24 

3.  Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ 26 

Results of Sampling Campaigns 1

1. Introduction

This report illustrates the results of the intensive water quality monitoring campaigns that have been

carried out during the AMOK project. The wastewater samples were collected by using an

autosampler with a sampling arrangement placed close to the on-line sensors (both in-situ and ex—

situ).

A total of 9 sampling campaigns were carried out in the project, and samples were analysed for a

range of different water quality parameters (Table 1). Table 2 list all the main details regarding the

monitoring campaigns: this report (Section 2) presents a limited extract of all the data collected during

the AMOK project and serves only to provide an overview. The detailed data is expected to undergo

further in-depth investigations in the future funded by other sources than the AMOK project.

Section 2.1 show selected basic water quality parameters that have been used for the development of

on-line software sensors; Section 2.2 presents an overview of the measured concentration for relevant

heavy metals; Section 2.3 shows a selection of measured concentrations for organic pollutants, while

Section 2.4 shows the results obtained for the analysed microbiological parameters.

Section 3 finally acknowledged the funding source as well as project partners and main contributors.

Table 1. List of analysed water quality parameters.

Category Analysed parameters

Basic Parameters pH, SS, Conductivity, NH4-N, NO3-N, TN, OP, TP, COD (Total),

COD(filtered)

Heavy Metals

(both total and filtered)

Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb,

Ba, Tæ. Pb, U

Organics Pollutants

(Terratest)

Conductivity, pH, Barium, Cu, Ni, Zn, As, Sb, Be, Cd, Cr, Co, Hg,

Pb, Mo, Se, Sn, V, Styrene, Toluene, p-cymene, 2,5-

Dimethylphenol, Phenol, p-cresol, Cresols (sum), 2,4-

Dimethylphenol, Thymol, m-Ethylphenol, Monochlorobenzene, p-

Chlorophenol, 2,4/2,5-Dichlorophenol, Dichlorophenls (sum), 4-

Chloro-3-methylphenol, TPH C16-C21, TPH C21-C30, TPH C30-

C35, TPH C35-C41, Tpsum (C10-C40)

Microbiological parameters Coliforme, E.coli, Enterococcer, Campilobacter, MS2

2 Results of Sampling Campaigns

Table 2. Overview of the monitoring campaigns performed during the AMOK project. Numbers 1-9 are referred to as K1-K9 in the main report.

Monitoring campaign Analysed water quality parameters

Cam

paig

n N

o.

No of samples

Start Stop

Basic p

aram

ete

rs

Heavy M

etals

Org

an

ic Po

lluta

nts

Micro

bio

log

ical

param

eters

In situ Ex Situ

1 22 2013/09/25 06:00 2013/09/26 07:06 X X

2 16 2013/11/05 06:00 2013/11/06 05:00 X Xa X

8 2013/11/05 15:00 2013/11/06 05:00 X Xa X

3 18 2014/05/10 19:00 2014/05/11 13:56 X X Xb X

19 2014/05/10 20:00 2014/05/11 14:00 X

4 5 2014/08/12 02:16 2014/08/12 08:25 X X X

22 2014/08/11 13:00 2014/08/12 10:00 X X X

5 10 2014/08/23 09:00 2014/08/25 08:33 X X Xc X

19 2014/08/23 09:00 2014/08/25 07:00 X X X

6 8 2014/08/30 09:00 2014/08/30 18:44 X X Xd X

11 2014/08/30 09:00 2014/09/01 05:00 X X X

7 11 2014/09/29 20:00 2014/10/01 05:42 X X Xe X

12 2014/09/30 00:30 2014/10/01 05:00 X X X

8 3 2015/03/20 18:38 2015/03/21 02:19 X

-

9 12 2015/03/25 04:30 2015/03/26 08:54 X Xf

6 2015/03/25 15:00 2015/03/26 07:30 X X

a Only total concentrations; b Composite sample of all samples, c Bottle 4 (2014/08/24 03:53-12:34), d Composite sample of bottles 4-5 (2014/08/30 14:22-15:23), e Both measured for a

composite sample of bottles 2-3 (2014/09/30 07:54-13:58) and bottles 7-10 (2014/09/30 20:18-2014/10/01 02:12), f Data available only for one bottle.

Results of Sampling Campaigns 3

2. Measured water quality variables

2.1 Traditional pollutants

Figures 1-9 of this section present graphs of four basic water quality parameters (NH4, Conductivity,

pH, Temperature, and TSS) that have been measured during each of the nine monitoring campaigns.

These values are plotted together with the data recorded by the on-line sensors both in-situ and ex-

situ. These water quality parameters have been used as background for the development of the

software sensors described in Appendix 4, and measured rainfall and flow are thus also included.

Figure 1. Basic water quality parameters (in-situ) measured for monitoring campaign no. 1, along with

data collected by on-line sensors. Yellow areas in background indicate that the pump to the container (ex-

situ) was not operative.

4 Results of Sampling Campaigns

Figure 2. Basic water quality parameters (in-situ) measured for monitoring campaign no. 2, along with

data collected by on-line sensors. Yellow areas in background indicate that the pump to the container (ex-

situ) was not operative.

Results of Sampling Campaigns 5

Figure 3. Basic water quality parameters (in-situ) measured for monitoring campaign no. 3, along with

data collected by on-line sensors. Yellow areas in background indicate that the pump to the container (ex-

situ) was not operative.

6 Results of Sampling Campaigns

Figure 4. Basic water quality parameters (in-situ) measured for monitoring campaign no. 4, along with

data collected by on-line sensors. Yellow areas in background indicate that the pump to the container (ex-

situ) was not operative.

Results of Sampling Campaigns 7

Figure 5. Basic water quality parameters (in-situ) measured for monitoring campaign no. 5, along with

data collected by on-line sensors. Yellow areas in background indicate that the pump to the container (ex-

situ) was not operative.

8 Results of Sampling Campaigns

Figure 6. Basic water quality parameters (in-situ) measured for monitoring campaign no. 6, along with

data collected by on-line sensors. Yellow areas in background indicate that the pump to the container (ex-

situ) was not operative. Green areas indicate period when calibration of on-line sensors was performed.

Results of Sampling Campaigns 9

Figure 7. Basic water quality parameters (in-situ) measured for monitoring campaign no. 7, along with

data collected by on-line sensors. Yellow areas in background indicate that the pump to the container (ex-

situ) was not operative. Green areas indicate period when calibration of on-line sensors was performed.

10 Results of Sampling Campaigns

Figure 8. Basic water quality parameters (in-situ) measured for monitoring campaign no. 8, along with

data collected by on-line sensors.

In S

itu

E

x S

itu

Results of Sampling Campaigns 11

Figure 9. Basic water quality parameters (in-situ) measured for monitoring campaign no. 9, along with

data collected by on-line sensors.

In S

itu

E

x S

itu

12 Results of Sampling Campaigns

Figure 10. In-situ (blue) and ex-situ (yellow) CODfiltered concentrations measured during the nine monitoring campaigns.

Figure 11. In-situ (blue) and ex-situ (yellow) CODtotal concentrations measured during the nine monitoring campaigns.

Results of Sampling Campaigns 13

Figure 12. In-situ (blue) and ex-situ (yellow) conductivity concentrations measured during the nine monitoring campaigns.

Figure 13. In-situ (blue) and ex-situ (yellow) pH concentrations measured during the nine monitoring campaigns.

14 Results of Sampling Campaigns

Figure 14. In-situ (blue) and ex-situ (yellow) Organic Phosphorous concentrations measured during the nine monitoring campaigns.

Figure 15. In-situ (blue) and ex-situ (yellow) Organic Phosphorous concentrations measured during the nine monitoring campaigns.

Results of Sampling Campaigns 15

Figure 16. In-situ (blue) and ex-situ (yellow) ammonium concentrations measured during the nine monitoring campaigns.

Figure 17. In-situ (blue) and ex-situ (yellow) nitrate concentrations measured during the nine monitoring campaigns.

16 Results of Sampling Campaigns

Figure 18. In-situ (blue) and ex-situ (yellow) Total Nitrogen concentrations measured during the nine monitoring campaigns.

Figure 19. In-situ (blue) and ex-situ (yellow) Total Suspended Solids concentrations measured during the nine monitoring campaigns.

Results of Sampling Campaigns 17

2.2 Heavy metals

Figure 20. (a-e) Measured in-situ concentrations of total Cd (blue) for selected events plotted against

measured TSS concentrations (red); (f) scatterplot of measured TSS against total Cd.

Figure 21. (a-e) Measured in-situ concentrations of total Zn (blue) for selected events plotted against

measured TSS concentrations (red); (f) scatterplot of measured TSS against total Zn.

18 Results of Sampling Campaigns

Figure 22. (a-e) Measured in-situ concentrations of total Cu (blue) for selected events plotted against

measured TSS concentrations (red); (f) scatterplot of measured TSS against total Cu.

Figure 23. (a-e) Measured in-situ concentrations of total Pb (blue) for selected events plotted against

measured TSS concentrations (red); (f) scatterplot of measured TSS against total Pb.

Results of Sampling Campaigns 19

Figure 24. (a-e) Measured in-situ concentrations of total Cr (blue) for selected events plotted against

measured TSS concentrations (red); (f) scatterplot of measured TSS against total Cr.

20 Results of Sampling Campaigns

Figure 25. In-situ (blue) and ex-situ (yellow) cadmium concentrations measured during six monitoring campaigns.

Figure 26. In-situ (blue) and ex-situ (yellow) chromium concentrations measured during six monitoring campaigns.

Results of Sampling Campaigns 21

Figure 27. In-situ (blue) and ex-situ (yellow) copper concentrations measured during six monitoring campaigns.

Figure 28. In-situ (blue) and ex-situ (yellow) manganese concentrations measured during six monitoring campaigns.

22 Results of Sampling Campaigns

Figure 29. In-situ (blue) and ex-situ (yellow) lead concentrations measured during six monitoring campaigns.

Figure 30. In-situ (blue) and ex-situ (yellow) zinc concentrations measured during six monitoring campaigns.

Results of Sampling Campaigns 23

2.3 Organic Pollutants

Despite the long list of water quality parameters that have been analysed by the TerraTest (cf. Table

1), data for organic pollutants are available only for a limited number of measuring campaigns (2-3

values for each parameter). Figure 31 shows an example of measured concentrations for selected

water quality parameters. Results of the TerraTest for other parameters (e.g. heavy metals) are

available for a greater number of monitoring campaigns.

Figure 31. Measured concentrations for Phenol (a), Toluene (b), 2,4/2,5 Dichlorophenol (c), and total PAH

(d).

24 Results of Sampling Campaigns

2.4 Microbiological parameters

Figure 32. (a-e) Measured in-situ concentrations of Campylobacter (blue) for selected events plotted

against measured TSS concentrations (red); (f) scatterplot of measured TSS against Campylobacter.

Figure 33. (a-e) Measured in-situ concentrations of Coliforms (blue) for selected events plotted against

measured TSS concentrations (red); (f) scatterplot of measured TSS against Coliforms.

Results of Sampling Campaigns 25

Figure 34. (a-e) Measured in-situ concentrations of E.Coli (blue) for selected events plotted against

measured TSS concentrations (red); (f) scatterplot of measured TSS against E.Coli.

Figure 35. (a-e) Measured in-situ concentrations of Enterocci (blue) for selected events plotted against

measured TSS concentrations (red); (f) scatterplot of measured TSS against Enterocci.

26 Results of Sampling Campaigns

3. Acknowledgements

The results presented in this report were obtained under the AMOK project that was partly funded by

the Foundation for Development of Technology in the Danish Water Sector (in short called VTU-

Fonden) and involved Aarhus Water (project leader), Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Aalborg

University (AAU), DHI and Krüger. The report was prepared by Luca Vezzaro and Peter Steen

Mikkelsen, who would like to thank in particular Anitha K. Sharma who contributed to the project as

part of the DTU team in the planning and implementation stages, in particular with a view to design of

the monitoring system, planning and quality assurance of the sampling campaigns and discussions

with regard to presentation of the results.