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Arm

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Copyright This work is Crown copyright and the intellectual property

rights for this publication belong exclusively to the Ministry ofDefence (MOD). No material or information contained in thispublication should be reproduced, stored in a retrievalsystem or transmitted in any form outside MODestablishments except as authorised by both the sponsorand the MOD where appropriate.

Security This document is issued for the information of such personswho need to know its contents in the course of their officialduties. Any person finding this document should hand it in toa British Forces unit or to a British Police Station for its safereturn to the MINISTRY OF DEFENCE, D MOD SY,LONDON SW1A 2HB, with particulars of how and where

found. THE UNAUTHORISED RETENTION ORDESTRUCTION OF THIS DOCUMENT COULD BE ANOFFENCE UNDER THE OFFICIAL SECRETS ACTS OF1911-1989.

Authority This publication is issued under the overall direction of theCGS. It is an MOD Approved Code of Practice (ACOP).Where issues of health and safety are concerned it takesinto account the provisions of the Health & Safety at WorkAct 1974.

Status The contents provide clear military information concerning

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CONTENTS

Section

6.1 Operational Planning

6.2 Engineer Task Aide M

BridgingMinefield BreachingMinefield ConstructionDemolitions Field Fortifications Water Supply

6.3 Planning Times for Eng

INTRODUCTION

Aim. The aim of the RE insert to TAM is to provide anAide Memoire of essential engineer information for useat sub-unit level and below.

Scope. The insert is intended for use by officers and

NCOs in appointments ranging from squadron to sectioncommander and concentrates on operations at trooplevel.

Use. The insert is intended to be used in conjunctionwith Part 1 of the TAM. The information given isperforce condensed. The insert should not be used asa substitute for the volumes of Military Engineering listedin Part 2 that contain detailed information on militaryengineering subjects.

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Operational Planning CheckSECTION 6.1 OPERATIONAL PLANNING

AND ORDERS

Orders must be brief, clearly delivered, unambiguousand relevant to the operation. Orders are intended totell subordinates what must be done within the givenconstraints and why (commanders intent), but not how itshould be done. Although commanders must think

through points of detail, these should not be included inorders if they are already known or are standardoperating procedures. Other general points on ordersand warning orders are in TAM Part 2, Section 2.

Format. The format for engineer orders is the same asthe generic Orders Format given in TAM Part 2, Pages2-3. Reference should be made to this section of theTAM for guidance on detail specific to the operation ofwar or transitional phase being conducted.

Missions. When formulating missions, maximum useshould be made of defined doctrinal terms to affordconsistency in approach and to avoid misunderstanding.

Use of Aide Memoire. While paragraph headings aremandatory, their detailed contents are not. There is norequirement to use all the headings in every box.

Conduct TimeAppreciation

Identify oRemembsufficien

available

Conduct MissionAnalysis

CommanSpecified(time, spChangedCheck.

Issue InitialWarning Order

Do not dorder. Abe filled for store

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RelativeStrengths

Identify Engineercapability usingmodified productionrates

Summary ofpossible tasks

Comparison ofcapability identified in

Relative Strengthsand Tasks identifiedin Mission Analysis.Priortise tasks andidentify own MainEffort

ConductCombatEstimate

CommandersDecision

Engineer plan whichbest supports highercommanders intent

Update InitialWarningOrder

Conduct

Recce

In addition to engineer data, also liaise

with local Combined Arms commanderreference C2 arrangements and G4support, protection and CSMs

Write Orders Incorporate

Deliver Orders

Orders.

1. Preliminaries.

Security ofOrders Group

Location; Sen

Administr-ation

Introduction oseating plan (Model and orfolds/traces/m

Weather Time of Fi rst/State; Visibilit

TaskOrganization

Ensure C2 arfor subordina

Ground

Orientation

Should alway

possible/prac

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3. Mission. Own mission of BG Comds/COs/OC

4. Execution.

a. Concept of Operat(the overall effect

of Manoeuvre (hoMission) and Maisuccess of Misstimings.

b. Mission Statemenin turn to include; and Why.

c. Co-ordinating Instrtable below, refereTactical Check No

OffensivDefensiv

2. Situation.

En Forces Friendly Forces Atts/Dets

Deductions fromenemy and groundin the estimateprocess:

StrengthsLocationsWeaponsEquipmentMoraleObstaclesDFsAir ThreatNBCFuture Intentions

2 Up CommandersIntent

1 Up Comds

Mission and Conceptof Ops (Include Intentand Main Effort)Locations and futureactions ofneighbouring forceswhich may affectoperation

Outline Fire SupportPlanAir

Only if notcoveredunderTask Org

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d. Summary of Execu

Delaying Ops 3-3-1Transitional Ops 3-4-1Obstacle Crossing 3-5-1

Timings Con Measures NBC

Recce NMBNMB less recceFirst veh on siteH HrTask Complete

FEBABdrysRVsAD WCS

Threat LevelDress CatWarning/ReportingDetectionContaminationControl

Deception/

Surprise/Security

Mov Actions On

CSMsTrack PlanSTAPNTMTrenches stage

SP & Rel PtRoutesSpeedGuides/hide/recce partiesOOM

HidesEmergency RV

En recceAir/GroundattackNBC attackPWCivs

VehicleCasualty

Engineer Construction DetailEngineer Operation Recce anInstructions Aide Memoire.

Mob

Operations

BridgingMinefieldBreaching

CMobOperations

MinefieldConstructionDemolitions

SurvOperations

FieldFortificationsWater Supp

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5. Service Support.

SOPVariations

Log Sp Med Tpt and Rec

DressEquipmentWeapons

ReplenCSupsIPE

Engr stores

LocationsCASEVACMed Packs

Morphine

Rec PlanLocations:Echelon

Rec Veh

6. Command and Signal.

HQ Comms Codes Password

LocsMovAltn Comd

CEIChanges

CodewordsNicknamesNicknumbers

?Synchronise

watches

7. Questions.

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Amphibious Bridging/Ferry

Sequence.

a. Preparation in harb

b. Move, liaison, searea.

c. Construction:

Call forward vehiclOrder of entry.Preparation of appFerries (also durinAnchorages.Reserves.Configurations.EOB.Defile marking.

d. Traff ic crossing.

e. Recovery and regr

SECTION 6.2 ENGINEER TASK AIDEMEMOIRES

BRIDGING

Deliberate Dry Bridging Operation.

Sequence.

a. RV, check bridge equipment, rehearsals.

b. Move, secure site and marshalling areas.

c. Crossing construction:

Site layout and preparation.Call forward vehicles.Bridge construction.Approaches and exits.Lay trackway.Defile marking.Vehicle recovery.

d. Traffic bridge.

e. Handover/maintain/strip.

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Co-ordinating Instructions.Reconnaissance.

Dry Bridging BR 90 Bridges.

Timings

Move fromassembly areaMove from

marshallingareaRecce on siteConstructionstartsCrossing open

Moves/Ro

To marshaareaTo site

OOMConvoy DrCritical Poi

Areas for

MarshallingCushioningWaitingTp Harbour

Safety

Safety boatsConstructionsafetyUser safety

Ser Essential information(a) (b)

1 All sites should have straight approaches and

exits to avoid vehicles slewing2 Bankseats: Minimum CBR 8%. Maximum

cross slope to be within 5%. This is equal to0.2m over the 4m width of the bridge

3 Maximum bank height di fference:CSB:GSB:

4 Completed AFW 4012A

5 Overhead clearance for CSB:

No 10 - 15m, No 11 17m, No 12 14.5m

6 Consider number and type of veh, vehrecovery, cushion and waiting areas,

trackway/hardcore

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h. Tape tracing.i. Winders tape.j. Pickets 1.8m.k. Sledgehammer/picl. Mine markers.m. Pulling cables.n. Lightweight markino. Safe lane stores.p. Dannert wire.q. Visors.r. Explosive stores

MINEFIELD BREACHING

Sequence.

a Collect and check stores, rehearsals.b. Move, liaise with covering troops, secure site.c. Setting out and breaching parties deploy to

remove mines.d. Lane repair, defile marking.e. Disposal of mines, maintainance/handover,

redeployment.

Stores Check List.

a. Mine prodders.b. Mine detectors.c. Prismatic compass.d. Wire cutters.e. Pliers.

f. Safety pins/25mm nails.g. 150mm nails.

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Co-ordinating Instructions.Reconnaissance. Determine:

Extent of minefield (front and rear edge)Types of mine and fuze and density.Number of rows/strips and approximatelocations.Trip wires and anti lift devices.

Ground conditions and other obstacles.Enemy positions.Number of lanes required.Vehicles/personnel using lanes.Silent/noisy breach.Day or night operation.

Timings

Recce on siteMove fromassembly areaOn siteBreaching

startsBreach open

Moves/Rou

OOMFor recceTo siteApproachinbreach

Convoy drilCritical poin

Control/Safety

Orders to pullEntry and exitto minefieldMines dumpDangerousdevices

Areas

Waiting areStores areaMines dum

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g. Signs for mine rowh. Lights for mine rowi. Beta lights.

j. Perimeter markingk. Prismatic compassl. AFW 4017.m. Lane closure store

n. Tracing tape.

MINEFIELD CONSTRUCTION

Sequence.

a. Collect and check stores/rehearsals.b. Move, secure site, set up, mines dump.c. Setting out, loading mines (loading plan).

d. Minelaying and fence construction:Mine outloading and resupply.Mechanical laying (direction of lay, gaps andlanes, routes, end of row procedure).

e. Route closure.f. Redeployment.

Stores Check List.

a. Mine laying system.b. Mines with fuzes.c. 1.8m pickets.

d. 0.6m pickets.e. Sledgehammers.f. Picket drivers.

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Co-ordinating Instructions.Reconnaissance. Prepare a sketch map showing:

a. The ground including tracks, trees,ditches and other physical details.

b. The exact location of proposed:

Mine rows with direction of lay.Landmarks.Perimeter fence.Minefield lanes.Construction routes.Mine dump and resupply routes.Control point and RV.

c. Scale of sketch map.

d. North.

e. Direction of enemy approach.

Timings

Move toassemblyareaMCP openSetting out

startsConstructionstarts

Moves/Rou

OOM to mindumpConstructonroutesConvoy drills

Critical pointGuides andmarking

Plant

Tasks andcontrol point

Control

At mines duAt MCPAFW 4017 (tally)Lane closure

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Briefing for Reconnaissance

a. Location and type ob. Aim of the demolitioc. Preliminary or reserd. Time to be at State e. Restrictions on reso

f. When and where AF

DEMOLITIONS

Sequence.

a. Move to, and secure, site.b. Prepare charges and ringmains.c. Site/construct firing points.d. Prepare priority two tasks as required.e. Fire/handover demolition.

Command and Control.

a. Any formation commander may reserve ademolition providing their superiorcommander has not ordered it to be fired.

b. AFW 9811 must be completed for all reservedemolitions (normally by formation staff) andmay be prepared for preliminary demolitions(normally by engineer staff).

c. Changes of authorised commander areordered via Box 8g and recorded in Box 12.

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Co-ordinating Instructions.Reconnaissance. All Targets

Determine method of attack.Take detailed measurements at charge locationto enable the calculation of charges.Design firing circuits.Select firing point, stores area, harbour area and

control point.Consider protection of own troops fromblast/fragmentation and any secondary hazardreleased as a result of the demolition.Prepare the AFW 4012.

Reconnaissance. Bridges

Categorise the bridge.Take recce measurementsSelect method of attack.Identify line of cut/s

Take detailed measurements at cut/s locations.

Timings

Move toassembly areaRecce on siteTask startsTask complete

Moves/Ro

OOMRoute to sCritical po

Control

AF W9811AuthorisedCommanderDemolitionGuardReporting State1 to State 2

Safety

ExplosivesWorking aheightWorking owaterSecondaryhazardsSafety disWarning o

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Reconnaissance and Planni

a. Liaise with user unType and number Schematic layout aPriority of work.Stage to which con

Counter-surveillanTrack plan during cSpoil plan.Deception.Timings.

b. Plant and stores re

c. Plan and orders.

d. Description.Type of fortification

Extent of work.Sections and plant

FIELD FORTIFICATIONS

Sequence.

a. Collect and check plant and stores.

b. Move, secure site, set out.

c. Construction:

Cfm arcs of fire/obs.Remove turf.Excavate, dispose of surplus in accordancewith spoil plan.Revetment and OHP.Camouflage.Further development as ordered.

d. Handover, redeploy.

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Co-ordinating Instructions.

Timings

No movebeforeCollect storesArrival on site

Completion

Plant

TypeAllocationControl on site

Priority

ExcavationRevetmentShelterconstruction

OHPCamouflage

Safety

Working withplant

ConstructionDetails

Marking systemAlignmentArcs of fire/obsDimensionsOHPCamouflage

Recovery

Site stripPlant availabilityEqptrecovery/reload

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Reconnaissance and Planning.WATER SUPPLY

Sequence.

a. Collect and check plant and stores.b. Move, secure site, set out.c. Construction:

Set up WPU and storage tanks.Set up sedimentation tank.Pump water to all tanks.Construct tower.Construct distribution point.Erect signs.Construct fence.Camouflage.Send sit reps as required.Confirm quantity/quality and issue timings.Site development and maintenance.Neutralisation of sterilised water and disposal.

Recovery and site restoration.Redeployment.

Subject Prior to recce

(a) (b)

Situation Enemy update

Locat ion Map recce for:Likely sourcesWaiting areasHarbour areasRoutes

Limitations ManpowerEquipmentTime

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Co-ordinating Instructions.(a) (b) (c)

Quantity Quantity/ Type of waterOutput/Issuesrequired

Quality/yield of source

Time Duration of

operation

Timings for:

ConstructionRunningIssue periodsBattle procedure

Layout N/A Siting of pumps, tanks,tower, fencing,signs, trackway,distribution points,guides, control point

Recom-mendations

N/A Confirm bids for stores,plant, transport,chemicals, fuel,recovery, assistance

from other arms.

Timings

No movebeforeCollect storesOrdersArrival on

siteOpeningtimesDuration ofoperation

Rehearsals

EquipmentfamiliarizationConstructiondetailsEquipment

layout

Safety

Use ofchemicalsTowerconstruction

Water qualityMode ofoperationRequiredstandardDisposal ofcalciumhypochlorite

Testing regime

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SECTION 6.3 PLANNING TIMES FORENGINEER TASKS

Ser Activity Description Unit Rate/t

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Basic Engineering

1 Digging by Digging fd def in normal ground with occasional per man 0.3 m3/h

hand roots and stones. Spoil placed alongside excavation. Depth of excavation not exceeding

1.5 m

Planning Times. The table below is a guide to the timesrequired for various activities. It assumes that units are atfull establishment and that troops are experienced, restedand working in NBC Dress Category Zero by day. Thefollowing factors should be applied in other conditions:

a. Working in NBC Cat Two in warm weather (suitworn with overboots) multiply time by a factor of1.4.

b. Working at night mult

c. In the case of tiredmultiply the time by a

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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

2 Fill ing Fil ling sandbags wi th dumped loose f il l. One man per man 20 bags/sandbags filling, two men holding bag and tying

3 Defile marking Marking a minefield safe lane with danart corners, one sect 400m of

pickets at 15 m spacing, cross tapes, and markers lane/hr at 30 m spacing

Marking a X-country route with pickets at 30m one sect 750m of spacing plus markers and beta lights defile/hr

Minefield perimeter marking using lightweight half sect 1000m/hmarking set

4 Wire obstacles Construct a Type 2 catwire fence one sect 55m/hr

Construct simplified Type 4 fence one sect 75 m/hr

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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Mobility Support

5 AVRE (1) Single fascine (3-4 m span) AVRE Up to 5(2) Double fascine (5-7 m span) AVRE Up to 5

6 AVLB/No 10, (1) Launch No 10 br (effective span 20.5 m & 24.5 m) AVLB 5 minsand 12 brs (2) Launch No 12 br (effective span 12 m) AVLB 5 mins

(3) Combination - to follow(4) Over br - to follow

7 MGB Build 12 Bay DS MGB. one tp 1 hr 30

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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

8 Br90 GSB Build 32 m GSB 10 man team 40 mins

9 EWBB Build 30m Double Single EWBB, incl setting out one tp 7 hrs

10 MGOB Build 5 bay MGOB. Time includes placing packing one sect 20 mins

11a M3 Construct 100m M3 floating br one amph tp 30 min

b M3 Construct a 4 rig ferry one amph sect 10 min

12 Floating APB Construct and launch one APB raft two sects 1 hr 10

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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

13 Mine Breaching Hand breach own minefield 800m deep one tp 8 hrs

Hand breach a safe lane 120m by 8m one tp 7.5 hrs

Breach a 360m safe lane with two Python and one AVRE 25 minplough

Plough breach 4m wide lane AVRE Up to(plough only) 100 m

per min

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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Counter Mobility Support

14 Pattern Lay 1 km, 3 row light minefield one tp 4 hrsMinelaying

Lay 1 km, 5 row medium minefield one tp 5.5 hrs

Lay 1 km, 7 row heavy minefield one tp 7.5 hrs

15 Abatis Deny an area of woodland 500m by 200m two tps 4.5 hrs

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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

16 Br Dml Destroy major RC continuous span br as a one tp 2.5 hrprelim dml

Prep a major RC continuous span br as a res dml one tp 6.5 hr

Destroy a minor masonry arch br as a prelim dml one sect 3.5 hrs

17 Route Denial Close road using 2 angled rows of 3 craters, one sect 1 hr 40 mmining the upheave

18 Combat Construct Atk ditch 3.5m wide 1.5m deep in 2 x MWT or 40m perDigging normal ground 2 x CET or

combination

Side hill cut slope to vertical face of 1.5 m one MWT 35m per

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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Fortifications

19 Weapon Pits Dig a Type C weapon pit for a MBT one MWT/ 50 minCET

Dig a weapon pit for one AS 90 How. one MWT/ 1 hr 15 mExcluding shelter trenches for crews CET

Dig a weapon pit for FH 70 towed How including one MWT 1 hr 10 mammo bay and shelter trenches and one LWT

Dig pit for 81 mm Mor baseplate one LWT 40 mins

20 MEXE Excavate for single MEXE shelter one LWT 1 hr

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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

21 Trenches Excavate for 4 man trench one LWT 20 mins

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Copyright This work is Crown copyright and the intellectual propertyrights for this publication belong exclusively to the Ministry of

Defence (MOD). No material or information contained in thispublication should be reproduced, stored in a retrievalsystem or transmitted in any form outside MODestablishments except as authorised by both the sponsorand the MOD where appropriate.

Security This document is issued for the information of such personswho need to know its contents in the course of their officialduties. Any person finding this document should hand it in toa British Forces unit or to a British Police Station for its safereturn to the MINISTRY OF DEFENCE, D MOD SY,LONDON SW1A 2HB, with particulars of how and wherefound. THE UNAUTHORISED RETENTION OR

DESTRUCTION OF THIS DOCUMENT COULD BE ANOFFENCE UNDER THE OFFICIAL SECRETS ACTS OF1911-1989.

Authority This publication is issued under the overall direction of theCGS. It is an MOD Approved Code of Practice (ACOP).Where issues of health and safety are concerned it takesinto account the provisions of the Health & Safety at WorkAct 1974.

Status The contents provide clear military information concerning

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INTRODUCTION

1. Aim. The aim of the RE insert to TAM is toprovide an aide memoire of essential engineerinformation for use at sub-unit level and below.

2. Scope. The insert is intended for use by officersand NCOs in appointments ranging from squadron

to section commander and concentrates onoperations at troop level.

3. Use. The insert is intended to be used inconjunction with Part 2 of the TAM. Theinformation given is perforce condensed. Theinsert should not be used as a substitute for thevolumes of Military Engineering listed in Part 2which contain detailed information on militaryengineering subjects.

Military Engineering Volume,

Volume IIPam 1

- Part 1- Part 2

Pam 2Pam 3Pam 4

Pam 5Pam 6

Pam 7Pam 7APam 7BPam 9Pam 20

Field EngineeBasic Field EnMaterials & TTools & SkillsField FortificaObstacles 1984Demolitions 19

Minelaying 19Breaching MinExplosive ObsGap Crossing Basic BridgingClassification Water Supply All Arms Guid

Volume III- Part I- Part III- Part V

- Part VI

BridgingBasic BridgingMedium GirdeExtra Wide BaUses 1955Extra Wide BaConstruction 1

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Section

Demolition StoresDemolition TargetsOperational Safety DistaDemolition Tasks, Time

3. SURVIVABILITY SUPP

Summary of Protection iField Fortifications TechWater Supply

4. GENERAL ENGINEER

Vehicle CharacteristicsMeasurement and MateImprovised MeasuremenCordage and AnchorageBasic Structures

Section Page

1. MOBILITY SUPPORT

Route Reconnaissance 6-1-1Close Support Bridging 6-1-9General Support Bridging BR 90 6-1-13General Support Bridging MGB 6-1-17

General Support Bridging APB 6-1-19and OverbridgingGeneral Support Bridging Wet/ 6-1-21Floating Bridges and BoatsLogistic Bridging and ExpedientSurfacing 6-1-27Mine Counter Measures 6-1-29Defile and Minefield Lane Marking 6-1-31

2. COUNTER MOBILITY SUPPORT

British Mines and Minelaying Systems 6-2-1

Minefield Design, Reporting andRecording. 6-2-5

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(3) Visibility from (4) Critical points(5) Temporary br(6) Locations of a(7) Essential repa

c. Technical Reconnamay be to:(1) Assess the ca(2) Determine the

bring it to a pa(3) Prepare a roa

2. Reports. Initial tacticare given in the format Reports and Returns, ftechnical report if necenormally consist of 2 par

a. The standard NATOParagraph 9.

b. Technical data for t

SECTION 1 MOBILITY SUPPORT

ROUTE RECONNAISSANCE

1. Purpose. The purpose of the reconnaissancemust be clear:

a. Tactical Reconnaissance. Tactical

reconnaissance may be limited to:

(1) Width (one way/2 way with difficulty,etc).

(2) Surface in terms of trafficabili ty havingregard to weather at the time.

(3) Load capacity (normally governed bybridge MLC).

b. However, the following additional informationmay be required:

(1) Location and extent of damage byenemy action.

(2) Location and probable extent of minedareas.

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Example. B g s (f?) 3ma road with limiting factosurface, doubtful foundaacross shoulders, waterrock or coral, 6.2 km lon

6. Bridges. Data on bridgusing the symbols in Par

7. Obstructions. Obstradding '(Ob)' to the rorecorded using the sym12. The following obstruction:

a. Overhead clearanc

b. Reductions in roacapacity, e.g. crate

c. Gradients of 7 per

d. Curves with less the. Fords and ferries.

3. NATO System. The NATO system has 2 parts:route classification and road classification.

4. Route Classification. Route classification is theoverall classification of the route and consists of 4elements:

a. Minimum width of carriageway (metres).

b. Type: X = All weather.Y = Limited all weather.Z = Fair weather.

c. MLC of the route, def ined by its weakestpoint or section.

d. Restrictions, if any (normally height).

Example. 10.5/X/60/4 refers to an allweather, Cl 60 route, carriageway width 10.5m with a height restriction of 4m.

5. Road Classification. Each section of road is

classified using a 6-part formula. The elements ofthe formula are given in Paragraph 10.

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Notes:

(i) Record the scale, and G(ii) Use the symbols in P

features in their correcnecessary. Other factsside of the location.

9. NATO Route Report.are made in the format oused for other technical

8. Route Restriction Overlay. Data should berecorded during the reconnaissance on an overlay(example below).

GR 567890

GR 123456

4m4m

6m

25

47

N

43

26

10-14%

6m

41

18

B BA

A

C

C

D

30

5m5m

4m

3.5m4.5m

10mMap Sheet:Chichester and the DownsSheet 197, 1:50 000

ROUTE RESTRICTION OVERLAYBLUE ROUTE

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4. Weather(to include last

5. NATO Route Classificat

6. Road Formula

a. Section A ............

From GR .......... to

b. Section B .............

From GR .......... to

7. Shoulders (type andemergency) ..................

To. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(HQ ordering reconnaissance)

From . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Rank, name, unit)

Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Country, scale, sheet no)

Date/Time Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(Of signature)

General Information.

1. Road:

a. From ......................... to ..........................

b. From ......................... to .........................etc.

2. Road marking................... (Civil or military).

3. Date/Time of reconnaissance..................

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8. Obstructions:

9. Enclosures. Overlays, maps, sketches, calculations, works programme, job priority list, deta(These are as required).

Signature ........

Ser Particulars Grid ref Rd Sect Obstruction Existing Recommendations Manpower Transport PlantDetails MLC for upgrade

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j)

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(a) (b) (c)

h Shoulders -

3 Width ?m/?

4 Construct ionmaterial

a Type X route 'k'b Type X route 'kb

c Type X route 'p'd Type X or Y 'rb

route

e Type Y route 'r'

f Type Y route 'l'

g Type Y or Z 'nb

route

10. Symbols for Road Classification Formula.

Ser Element of Symbol MeaningFormula

(a) (b) (c) (d)

1 Prefix A No limiting factorsB One or more limiting

factors

2 Limit ing factors:a Sharp curves 'c' Radius less than 25mb Steep gradients 'g' Gradients of 7 percent

or overc Poor drainage 'd' Inadequate or blocked

drainaged Weak foundations 'f' Unstable, loose or

easily displacede Rough surface 's' Likely to reduce convoy

speedf Excessive camber 'j' Likely to cause heavy

superelevation veh to skid or dragtowards roadside

g Doubtful conditions ? Indeterminate ordoubtful conditionsexpressed with ? and (),

e.g (f?)

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11. Route Reconnaissance(a) (b) (c) (d)

h Type Z route 'n' Natural earth,stabilised soil, sand-clay, shell, cinders etc

i 'b' Bituminousconstruction. To beused alone only whentype of bituminousconstruction cannotbe determined.

j 'v' Various other types notmentioned above

5 Length: (?km) Length of section maybe added if desired

6a Obstructions: (Ob) Symbol at end offormula indicatesexistence ofobstruction (seeparagraph 7)

b Snow (T) Regular, recurrent andserious snow blockage

c Flooding (W) Regular flooding which

impedes traffic

25m

>14%10-14%

7-10%

4m

4m 3.5m

5m 4m

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12. Conventional Symbols

13. Further Information. Fuis given in ME, Vol II Pam

Bridge. Classification (top segment)overhead clearance [left]

width (underneath) length [right]

Limit of sector

Civil or Military Route Design Notation

Cover (deciduous [left] evergreen [right])

Cover (woods) (deciduous [left] evergreen[right]). Arrow denotes possibility ofdriving off the road

Ferry. Type and seasonal limitations [top].

Capacity [centre]. Crossing width [bottom]A=Automobile P=Passenger

Ford. Current velocity m/s and seasonallimitations [top]. Width. Nature of bottom.

Depth [bottom]. Approach easy [left].Exit difficult [right]

ROAD SYMBOLS TYPE OF

All weat heha rd su rfaf rost sus ce

All weat heloose or ligsurface loc

f rost sus ce

Fair weathwi thout suor l ight ly m

(B2019)

3.5m

3.6m

6m30

A/Y

6

25

1.0/x

2.5/G/0.4

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CLOSE SUPPORT BRIDGING

1. Chieftain AVLB. The Chieftain AVLB systemcomprises:

a. The Chieftain Bridgelayer, FV4205 (SeeSection 4).

b. No 10 (22 m) Bridge, MLC 70, span 20.5 m.

c. No 10 (26 m) Bridge, MLC 70, span 24.5 m(See Paragraph 7).

d. No 11 (16 m) Bridge, MLC 70, span 14.5 m.

e. No 12 (13.5 m) Bridge, MLC 70, span 12.0 m(See Paragraph 7).

f. Tank Bridge Transporter (See Section 4).

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e. Select alternative s

5. Setting Out. Sites for bshown below. At least home bank to indicate tthe position at which the

L = Length of No 10 or No 12 d = Gap between angle of rep

L-d

D = 2 + 3.8m where 3.8mrepresents the length of AVL

2. Combination Bridges. All combinations are MLC70. Maximum depth of water on wet sites must beknown. It is essential for safety reasons for thetrafficable surface of the bridge to be above water.

a. No 10 + No 12 span 26.75 - 33.5m.b. 2 x No 10 span 32-46m.c. 3 x No 10 span 52-66m.

3. Trestle. New trestle ISD 2002. Informationto follow.

4. Reconnaissance.a. All sites should have straight approaches andexits to avoid tracked vehicles slewing.b. Bankseats: Minimum CBR 8 percent. Maxcross slope: No 10 & 12 (to be within 5% (2.8deg). This is equal to 0.2m over the 4m width ofbridge)c. Consider number of vehicles (tracks andwheels) using the site.d. Check dimensions in paragraph 5 plus width

and overhead clearance (No 10-15m, No 12-14.5m).

L

xd

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b. Mini Pipe Fascine

Length - 4.6Size - diaWeight - 210Transport - AFV

c. Setting Out. Setti

same as that shothat the fascine sto

d. No more than 2 faone crossing as th

e. Sites require additracked/wheeled vtrackway or plant.

L - d2

must be greater than or equal to 0.75 m atboth ends of bridge.

At night the pickets must carry a light:Lining up - Red or Beta light pointing up.Stop - Green or Beta light pointing down.

6. Fascines.

a. Maxi Pipe Fascine (MLC 70).

Length - 4.6 m.Span - one fascine 5.0 m gap, 2.5 m

deep.- 2 fascines 7.0 m gap.

Weight - 2.5t (up to 5t if dirty).Transport - 3 per Chieftain AVRE.

- one per CET (operations only).- one per AVRE trailer.

RESTRICTED7 Chieftain AVLB and BR 90 CSB

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7. Chieftain AVLB and BR 90 CSB.

a. No 10 (26).Bridge No 10 (26)Max/Min ground bearing capaci ty 20/11 tonnes/m

2

Min bank support ful l width of br idge 7.5 mMax bank support ful l width of br idge 7.5 mMax clear span 24.5 mMax cross slope - home bank 5% (2.8 deg)Max cross slope - far bank 5% (2.8 deg)Max longitudinal slope 10% (5.7 deg)Max difference in far bank seat 2.45 mMax surface water speed 0.5 m/sec

Wind speed limitation:Launching/recovery 54 Km/h (Beaufort scale 6)Trafficking 108 Km/h (Beaufort scale 10)Launched and clear of traffic 72 Km/h (Beaufort scale 8)

26.12m

24.5m

24.37m

24.5m

b. No 12.BridgeMax/Min ground bear ing capacityMin bank suppor t full wid th of br idgeMax bank support full width of bridgeMax clear spanMax cross slope - home bankMax cross slope - far bankMax longitudinal slopeMax difference in far bank seatMax surface water speedWind speed limitation:

Launching/recoveryTraffickingLaunched and clear of traffic11.95m

12m

12m

13.62m

1.15m

RESTRICTED

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GENERAL SUPPORT BRIDGING - BR 90

2. The bridge is carried oand constructed with theof 10 men.

3. Site Selection. Sites sdrive off where possible

and off loading areaspossible. Minimum CBR 5% ( 0.2m over 4 m w

4. Note that 56m span cABLE before a reinforcein about 2007.

1. Bridge Conditions. Br 90 GSB bridge constructionsare: (Full details are in AESPS)

32m max untensioned single span

44m max tensioned single span

56m max tensioned single span

62m max floating double span

60m max double span using fixed pier (span A tensioned)

Span A

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5. Main Components.

4m panel 2m panel 8m panel

8m ramp panel

2m articulator panel

4m tensioning panel

2m hinge panel

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BR 90 General Support Bridge Design Proforma Edition 7

Sheet No Grid Ref Site Name

MLC Name Unit

1. Measure AR Span AA m 2. Select bridge Length (L): AA (Round up to nearest e

______ + 2m = ______3. Position Bridge

4. Take Levels: Datum

Location FW RW F A

Datum

Staff

RW

FW F'

F'A' ______ A'A ______

A'

13.3m

5.95m WL

Min 1mMax 6m

MMa

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GENERAL SUPPORT BRIDGING - MGB

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GENERAL SUPPORT BRIDGING - MGBMLC and maximum length of MGBs.

Single Span

Single Storey Double Storey Double Storey Reinforced

Ser MLC Maximum Number Maximum Number Maximum NumberLength of Bays Length of Bays Length of Bays

(m) (m) (i) (m) (i)

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h)

1 100(W)(ii) 9.8 5 27.4 10 - -2 70(T) 9.8 5 31.1 12 45.7 203 60 9.8 5 32.9 13 49.4(iv) 224 50 9.8 5 34.8 14 - -5 40 13.4 7 38.4 16 - -6 30 15.2 8 42.1 18 - -7 24 17.1 9 45.7 20 - -8 20 18.9 10 47.6 21 - -9 16 22.6 12 49.4(iv) 22 - -

Notes: (i ) For Double Storey br idges the length of two ends o f br idge (2E) must be added.(ii) A few vehicles may have difficulty negotiating the ramps.(i ii ) Restr ic ted to MLC 60.

(iv) This is the maximum length, limited by the equipment in the bridge sets.(v) Beyond these lengths an additional span is needed.(vi) DS MGB only trained on by paragraph, Cdo and Air Mob Sqns.

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INTENTIONALLY BLANK

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GENERAL SUPPORT BRIDGING - APB AND OVERBRIDGING

1. Airportable Bridge (APB) (Clear Span). Outlinecharacteristics of clear span APB are given belowand for floating APB and APB raft on Page 1-6-2.Further information is in ME Vol II, Pam 7 anddetailed building instructions are contained in theUser Handbook, Army Code No 60249.

a. Maximum Span. Overall length 15.85m, ARspan 15.2m.

b. Load Class. MLC 16 irrespective of span.c. Roadway Width. 3.35 m.d. Special Loads. The following vehicles may

cross the bridge if the special conditions areobserved:

MWT - MLC 20CET - MLC 18FV 432, 433 and 434 - MLC 17-19

Special conditions.Maximum span of 14.02 m.Ramps are evenly seated.

Loads are kepSpeed is belo

e. Speed. Vehicles Mexceed 8 kph.

f. Time/Labour to BNCO + 16 men.

g. Maximum Slope.laterally,

h. Transport. Threlaunching set.

2. MGB Overbridge.a. Deflections. The

central deflection MGB SS bridges the MLC shown.

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b. Clearance using W(1) For a 4-bay b

centre of the live load 110

(2) For a 4-bay bends of theclearance und

3. Heavy Girder Overbrid

a. Dimensions: Len(m

RoaUnd75

b. Transport: 2 x

c. Time and Labour:

Dead Load + Dead Load +

Ser No of MLC Dead Load Live Load Live Load

Bays (central) (eccentric)

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)

1 4 70(T) 15 51 58

2 5 70(T) 25 83 95

3 6 40 38 121 1404 7 40 51 133 152(i)

5 8 30 70 190 222

6 9 24 89 210 241

7 10 20 108 267 310

8 11 16 146 324 381

9 12 16 184 406 495

Notes:

(i) This has not been confirmed by test and may be

greater.

(ii) The deflection under MLC 100(W) has not been

tested but with 4 and 5 bay bridges it should not be

greater than that for MLC 70(T).

GENERAL SUPPORT BRIDGING WET/FLOATING

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(8) Speed laden

c. M3 Bridge Length.

L = (R x 11.50) - (CC x

where: R = Number o

CC = Number o

GENERAL SUPPORT BRIDGING - WET/FLOATINGBRIDGING AND BOATS

1. M3 Bridge and Ferry.

a. Land Travel Configuration. See Section 4.

b. Amphibious Operation.

(1) Deck (roadway) width 4.76 m

(2) Max bank slope for entry 29

(3) Max vertical drop for entry 0.60 m

(4) Draught unladen 0.54 m

(5) Draught laden Cl 70 1.02 m

(6) Draught (loading) Cl 70 1.10 m

(7) Draught laden (operating) 1.20 m

N t (i) F ll i h2 Fl ti APB d APB R ft (S P 1 5 1)

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Notes: (i) Following vehs mconditions below MWT (MLC 20), C433, 434 (configuConditions:Deck length increLoads keep to th

(ii) Based on the lenwith the set.

2. Floating APB and APB Raft. (SeePage 1-5-1)

Ser Detail Floating APB APB Raft

(a) (b) (c) (d)

1 MLC 16 16(i)2 Deck width 3.35 m 3.35 m3 Deck length - 12.2 m4 Overall length min 15.85 m 21.9 m5 Bank range -0.15 m to -0.15 m to

+1.07 m +1.07 m6 Min water depth 0.35m at 5m 0.35 m at

5 m7 Max water depth 5.5 m(ii) -8 Constr party 1 + 24 1 + 249 Constr time - 1 hr by day10 Operating crew - 1 + 811 Transport 7 tlrs for 31.7 m 5 tlrs

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3. Boats.

Ser Item Capacity Dimensions and Car

(a) (b) (c) (d)

1 Recce boat (AvonRedcrest)

2 men5 men as life raft

Packed: 0.46(diam)1.92 mInflated 2.8 x 1.3 m

Weight 18 kg2 Gemini boat 8 fully equipped men

or10 lightly equipped men

4.7 x 1.9 mWeight 138 Kg

3 Assault Boat Mk V 2 crew + 10 men 4.9 x 1.7 mWeight 220 Kg

4 Combat Support Boat 2 Crew 8.2 x 2.49 mWeight 4000 KgDedicated trailer

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Ser Item Capacity Dimensions and Ca

(a) (b) (c) (d)5 Rigid Raider Mk 1 a. 7 ful ly equipped men + 91 Kg of

storesor

b. 9 lightly equipped men + 91 Kg ofstores

orc. 2 crew + 900 Kg of evenly distributedcargo

5.2 x 2.2 mWeight 700 KgDedicated trailer.Crib available to tpton flat bed veh

6 Large Rigid RaidingCraft MK 2

a. 2 crew + 8 Men + 680 Kg of cargoor

b. 2 crew + 1000 Kg of cargoor

c. Maximum payload 1850 Kg mixedcargo (if using NATO pallet for cargo seatswill have to be removed)

8.35 x 2.6 mWeight 1880 KgDedicated trailer.Crib available to tpt flat bed veh

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Note: Draughts quoted are craft fully laden engine down.Dimensions are maximum, engines up where applicable.

Ser Item Capacity Dimensions and Carr

(a) (b) (c) (d)

7 Large Rigid RaidingCraft MK 3

a. 2 crew + 8 Men + 680 Kg of cargoor

b. 2 crew + 1000 Kg of cargoor

c. Maximum payload 1900 Kg of mixed

cargo(if using NATO pallet for cargo, seats willhave to be removed)

7.5 x 2.6 mWeight 2100 KgDedicated trailer.Crib available for tpt oflat bed veh

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INTENTIONALLY BLANK

RESTRICTED

LOGISTIC BRIDGING AND EXPEDIENT SURFACING

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LOGISTIC BRIDGING AND EXPEDIENT SURFACING

1. Extra Widened Bailey Bridge.

TimeQty (hrs)

Ser MLC Max Span for Type 4t Workingof Construction Vehs Party Day Ni Notes: (i) Bridg

built (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (ii) Each

(3.041 30 SS 15.2 m 5 bays 10 One tp 5 10 (iii) The2 30 DS 24.4 m 8 bays 14 One tp 7 11 supp3 30 TS 33.5 m 11 bays 21 Two tps 9 18 trans4 30 DD 39.6 m 13 bays 28 One sqn 12 24 (iv) Road5 80 DS 15.2 m 5 bays 13 Two tps 5 9 (v) Tp w6 80 TS 21.3 m 7 bays 17 Two tps 7 12 minim7 80 DD 24.4 m 8 bays 21 One sqn 10 20 (vi) Timi8 80 DT 33.5 m 11 bays 31 One sqn 16 28 cond9 80 TT 45.7 m 15 bays 61 One sqn 30 60 weat

inter

b. Class 70 Trackw2. Trackway.

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b C ass a

(1) Dimensionswide.

(2) Laying. Usucan be laid b

(3) Time to Lay.roll 4 mins by10 men, 30 m

(4) Weight. (Clea

(5) Use. May be100(W) vehic

y

a. Class 30 Trackway.

(1) Dimensions. Roll 32 m long, 3.4 mwide.

(2) Laying. Usually dispensed from a spoolon a 4t veh.

(3) Time to Lay. 5 mins by 5 men, butlonger if it has to be secured to theground.

(4) Weight. (Clean) Loaded spool 3.3t.

Short prodders.MINE COUNTER MEASURES

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pMine detector.Trip wire feelers.Wire cutters.Safety pins for minAnti-mine visor.

51. Hand Clearance. (SeeTa. Basic Data.

(1) Setting out p

(2) Basic brea60m/hr.

(3) Parties work(4) Pulling party

by:(a) Pulling,

and the(b) Destroy

charge.Note: In extreme c

mines may be disruarms fire (greater th

reliable method.

(SeeME Vol II Pam 6 for detailed information)(SeeTAM Part 2 Section 5).

1. Action on Encountering Mines.a. STOP all movement.b. WARN other tps in vicinity.c. REPORT up and down the chain of

command.d. ASSESS the situation and CLASSIFY.e. ACT on your assessment.f. ASSESSMENT: Surface laid (SCATMIN?:

self-destruct anti-handling) or buried. Missioncritical: carry on and accept casualties or useengr eqpt. Mission non-critical: use engr eqpt(if avail) or await help or extract (look, feel,prod). CLASSIFY (seeTAM Part 2, Page 5-18-6).

2. Minefield Reconnaissance Patrol.a. RE element. 1 Offr or NCO + 2 sprs.b. Stores:

Prismatic compass.Fish line and pegs.

Mine markers.

4. Mine Plough (Full Widtb. Stores Check List.

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a. Mounted on AVREb. Cleared lane 3.8

metre wide ceattachment in the3.8 m to be cleare

c. Depth to bottom od. Speed 4 to 6 km/he. Maximum slope 20

5. Python.a. Trai ler details, seeb. Hose box, 2160 kgc. Effective length 18d. Firing vehicle, AV

vehicle with 24 vole. Clears 90% single

mines in 8m wide f. Use plough in co

with plough tank sg. Crossing vehicles h. Lane repair may

vehicles.

i. Allow 50% reserve

(1) Mine detectors.(2) Mine prodders.(3) Prismatic compass.(4) Wire cutters.(5) Pliers.(6) Safety pins/25 mm nails.(7) Nails 150 mm.(8) Tape tracing.

(9) Winders, tape.(10) Pickets, A/l 1.8 m.(11) Sledgehammer/picket driver.(12) Mine markers.(13) Pulling cable.(14) Markers, minefield, perimeter.(15) Markers, minefield, safe lane.(16) Markers, def i le, i l luminated (beta

lights).(17) Dannert wire.(18) Wire for safe lane fences.(19) Anti-mine visors.

DEFILE AND MINEFIELD LANE MARKING

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1. Defile Marking System.

D E F I L E

WHE E

WHEELROUTES

TRTRACKROUTES

LINING

UP BOX

APPROACH TRACKS

30m

approxExit lights

Illuminatsigns

Markers, minefield, safe lane,with Beta arrows or green orwhite lights at night

Entrancelights

Illuminated tracksigns fixedbeneath route markers

Illuminated wheel signs fixed beneath route markers

2 Safe Lane Maximum

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2. Safe Lane Maximum

Marking.

Dannert coils continued at least 50 m from four corners

Lane maintainance stores dumplocated near safe lane entrance

Signal cable

Tape orscrim

Cleared area for unexploded

mines from the safe lane

8m

70m

70m

Red triangles at10-50m spacing

SAFELANE

ENEMYMINEFIELD

MINEFIELD

50m

30m

Picket

SECTION 2 COUNTER MOBILITY SUPPORT(This chapter covers mines and demolitions. Other non-explosive obstacles are included in Tam Part 2

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( p p

BRITISH MINES AND MINELAYING SYSTEMS

1. Anti-tank Mines.

Ser Mine Packing Arming D

(a) (b) (c) (d)

1 Barmine 4 mines per bundle, Pressure fuze DisaLength 1.2m 18 bundles (72 mines) 1. Remove safety pin. 1. TWidth 110mm per pallet (weight 900kg) 2. T urn arming lever 90o anti-Height 80mm clockwise. 2. InWeight 10.4 kg Add-on-fuzes Neut

1. Remove safety pins. a. I f2. Move arming lever No 1 armeto armed position. 1. M

safe 2. Msafe 3. Wsafe b. If

fully

(a) (b) (c) (d)

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2 Mk 7 mine Two mines per wooden No 5 Fuze No 5Diameter 330mm box. 30 boxes (60 mines) 1. U nscrew mine cap. ReveHeight 127mm per pallet (weight 1114 kg) 2. Remove fuze safety clip.Weight 13.6 kg 3. Insert fuze.

4. Replace cap.

No 5 Fuze 28 fuzes in a steel

ammunition box

3 Non-metallic mine Clipped in pairs with domed 1. Remove split pin. DisaL3A1 metal covers. 2. Pull key across ReveDiameter 266mm 24 pairs (48 mines) per rubber cover and lift toHeight 145mm pallet (weight 504kg) vertical, ensuring sleeveWeight 7.5 kg slips down into position.

3. Turn key 90o clockwise.4. Withdraw key.

4 AT2Diameter 103 mm Scatterable mine emplaced by MLRS. Laid lifeHeight 165 mm 3 to 96 hrs. Self destructs. Cannot be disarmed or neutralised.Weight 2.22 kg Anti-handling device.

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2. Other Devices.

Note: Claymore must only be command detonated.

Ser Device Packing Arming

1 ClaymoreBody:Width 213mmHeight 82.5mmThickness 35mmWeight 1.5kg

Height on legs171mm

One Claymore andaccessories in a bandolier.Six bandoliers in a box.(Weight 24.1kg)

See instruction sheet with eachclaymore.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

5 VolcanoL35A1Diameter 127mmHeight 83 mmWeight 1.6 kg

6 mines per tube.120 tubes per launcher plus80 tubes for reload on thevehicle

Scatterable mine dispensed from Shhr or 15 days set at launch. Self ddisarmed or neutralized. Integral a

a Capabilities3. Barmine Layer.

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a. Capabilities.a. Laying Rate. Planning figure 200 mines per

hour.

b. Laying Depth. All fuzes except AD - 80mm.AD fuze - 130mm. Depth to bottom offurrow.

c. Towbar Positions.

4. Shielder. Vehicle Launched Scatterable MineSystem (VLSMS). Dispensing system for the

Volcano mine. Capable of dispensing 720 mines in5 mins dependant on terrain and minefield density.

Position Towing vehiclehook height

Typicalvehicle

Straight 250-600mm FV 432

Cranked up 600-900mm 4 or 8t

Offset 350-700mm

Minefieldtype

Descrip

Hasty 1 x pass byShielder laypanel 50 1deep.

Deliberate 1 x pass by Shielder laypanels withinrequired.

c. Heavy MinefieldStopping Power E

MINEFIELD DESIGN, REPORTING ANDRECORDING

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Stopping Power. E

Three rows of barm

Two rows of barmi

Two rows of barmi

RECORDING

1. Minefield Design.

a. Light Minefield. 10 percent General StoppingPower. Example content:

Two rows of barmines with FWAM (E) fuzes.

One row of barmines with FWAM (M) fuzes.

b. Medium Minefield. 25 percent General

Stopping Power. Example content:

One row of barmines with AD fuzes.

Two rows of barmines with FWAM (E) fuzes.

Two rows of barmines with FWAM (M) fuzes.

2. Minelaying Reports.

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Ser Report (i) Initiator Sent to D

(a) (b) (c) (d)

1 Intention to lay Unit or formation Next higher formation 1. Type of mintending to lay a 2. Types ofa minefield 3. GRs of c

and locs of g4. Duration

5. Estimatetimes.

2 Start of laying Laying unit Next higher formation 1. Time sta2. ETC.3. Changesreport.

3 Completion (ii) Laying unit Formation ordering 1. Time comlaying 2. Marking

4 Change Formation or unit Those concerned Details of chordering change.

Notes: (i) Reports are sent in the format directed by formation HQ.(ii) AF W4017 must be completed in addition to sending the completion report.

3. Setting out Pickets.

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a. Start laying. b. Intermediate. c. Change direction. d. Wa

e. Stop laying. f. Stop laying but g. Last mine in the

continue ploughing. ground unarmed.

White tape

Three paces

Light

Row sign

White tape

Three paces

Enemy

approach

Enemy approach Tap

Ser Row S4. Mine Row Markers.

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(a) (b)

1 A

2 B

3 C

4 D

5 E

6 F

7 G

Notes:

(i) Largest dimension of sign 0.3 m.

(ii) Signs coloured on one side only.

(iii) Signs drilled to take 14 gauge wire.

(iv) If more than 7 rows repeat from rowA.

(v) The use of these signs is optional.

5. Safety Distances. ENEMY

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Notes:

(i) Perimeter markers atbetween 10 and 50 m.

Minimum 2m

Minimum 2m

Minimum 2m

Minimum 15m (when handlaying)

Minimum 15m

Minimum 8m(when laying mech

8m for vehicles

I 1

++ + +

+++++

+

I 2

MIN

EFIELDLANE

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DEMOLITION STORES

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1. Explosives and Accessories. The main service items are listed below. Full details are given in

Ser Item Description /Packing/Remarks

(a) (b) (c)

1 PE 4 0.23 kg cartridge. 175 mm long. 35 mm diam. 10 cartr4 cartons (9.2 kg) per wooden box.

2 CD L3A1 6 slabs of PE4 in metal container. Each slab 0.9 kg. 252 containers per carrier.

3 CD Sheet Explosive No 2 Sheets 0.57 kg. 465 x 250 x 3 mm. 40 sheets per wood

4 CD Necklace L1A1 5 x CD 14 (Hayrick). Each CD14, 9.3 kg. 241 x 133 x 25One set in steel box.

5 Charge Linear Cutting Two metre lengths with 25, 40, 80, 100, 120 or 180 g/m

6 RCK L25A2 Kit of 1 x 8 .5 kg conical charge and 2 x 9.8 kg bags of HE

7 RBD Chargesa. Conical L7A1b. Underbridge L11A1c. Overbridge L12A1

Diam 256 mm, height 362 mm, weight 17.6 kg.Length 282 mm, width 240 mm, height 375 mm, weight Length 473 mm, width 380 mm, height 490 mm, weight

8 Expl Cutting Tape Two metre lengths with 100, 240, 450 or 1150 gm explos

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Ser Item Description /Packing/Remark

(a) (b) (c)

9 Fir ing Device Kit Demolit ionGrip L41A4

Tin contains 1 x Firing Device Demolition Grip and 415 tins per metal box, 2 boxes per metal carrier, initisupplied separately 7 per tin.

10 Fuze Safety L1A2 Colour black but other types different colours. 8m ppackages per metal box, 300 mm burns between 36

11 Cord Detonating L4A1 Colour grey but other types dif ferent colours. 150 mmetal box, 2 metal boxes plus clips and seals per wo

12 Detonator Demoli tion L1A1 5 in polythene pack, 25 packs per metal base H82.

14 Demolit ion Remote FiringDevice

One transmitter in L17A1 ammunition container.Two receivers in L17A1 ammunition container. Codclassified items. Line of sight range 2 kms.

15 Pla tform Access Under Br idge Single span 12.4 m.Double span 24.8 m.

4. Demolition Techniqcategorised into one ott k d d ib d

DEMOLITION TARGETS

1 Bridge Demolition The economical demolition of

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attacked as described:a. Simply Supported

attack cutting beDeck cut across ittrusses above an70o to the horizodeck cut.

b. Simply Supportebetween 1/3 and cuts not less than Any metal or concas Sub-paragraph

c. Concrete Portals, Spandrel Bridges.the required gap.

d. All continuous bradjacent spans, lofrom the cuts to thare in the proportio

1. Bridge Demolition. The economical demolition ofsome bridges is complicated. The techniquesgiven below are simplified and may be wasteful.Wherever possible ME Vol II Pam 4 should beconsulted.

2. Demolition Priorities.a. Priority 1. Create a gap of at least 25 metres.

b. Priority 2. In the following order:(1) Crater and mine the home abutment.(2) Mine likely adjacent bridging sites.(3) Crater and mine the enemy approaches.(4) Destroy piers.

3. Conditions for a Successful Demolition.a. Condition 1. A collapse mechanism must be

formed, either:(1) A see-saw mechanism, or(2) A beam mechanism, or(3) A member-without-support mechanism.

b. Condition 2. The collapse mechanism must

be free to move under its own weight tocreate the desired gap.

c. Continuous.5. Bridge Categorisationa. Identification.

(1) If simply supported see Sub paragraph b

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(1) If simply supported see Sub-paragraph b.(2) If continuous see Sub-paragraph c.(3) If uncertain treat as continuous.(4) If neither, e.g suspension, attack from

first principles.b. Simply Supported.

SIMPLY SUPPORTED

BOWSTRING

REINFORCED

CONCRETESLAB/BEAM

THROUGHBRIDGE

NORMAL

STEELTRUSS

STEELBEAM

TOPSUPPORT

BOTTOMSUPPORT

DECKBRIDGE

CONTINU

CONCRETE STEEL

ARCH PORTAL CANTILEV

PINNEDFOOTING

FIXEDFOOTING

SOLIDSPANDREL

OPENSPANDREL

b. Continuous Bridge

6. Bridge Reconnaissance Measurements.

a. Simply Supported Bridges.

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b. Continuous Bridgea. Simply Supported Bridges.

Notes:

(1) Record all information required for AFW 4012.

(2) Record dimension of all members to be cut.

(3) Value H in continuous bridges required only for arch andportal bridges.

H

LE1

E = E1 + E2

E2

LS2LS1

LS = LS1 + LS22

L

H

(a) (b)7. Targets other than Bridges.

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3 Airfields Crater rundamaContamwith watextinguipumping

4 Railways Cut railsstraight outside track.

5 Buildings WoodenHouses Large buwalls anone sideAttack aboreholereinforce

Ser Target Method

(a) (b) (c)

1 Roads Use craters or mined charges at:(1) Bridge approaches.(2) Hillsides. Aim to blow away

the road.(3) Embankments. Select sites

where by-pass is difficult.(4) Cutting. Avoid if possible.(5) Culverts. Tamping needed.

Aim to destroy the road ordrainage system.

Use falling block obstacles whenavailable. In towns use rubble andmines. In woods fell trees and usemines.

2 Tunnels Attack the l ining with small minedcharges for a length of 15-25 m

(a) (b)

9 POL R t

8. Continued.

(a) (b) (c)

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9 POL RuptureInstallations within b

and expjerrycanContamfuel is nofor aviat

10 Ammunition Initiate scontaini

bulk det

SAA in g

HE can

11 Concrete Dragonsobstacles Massive

Light waPill boxe

6 Guns Block the barrel and then fire around, or place a PE chargebehind the blockages.

0.34 kg for 30 mm bore.2.0 kg for 76 mm bore3.5 kg for 100 mm bore

Destroy the gun sights.

7 AFVs Detonate 10 kg inside the hull, orplace charge under the gunmantlet. Destroy the gun. Perhapsset the AFV on fire.

8 B Vehs Use a sledgehammer on radiatorand ignition system. Detonate0.5 kg PE on the cylinder head.Fire the veh.

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INTENTIONALLY BLANK

RESTRICTED

OPERATIONAL SAFETY DISTANCES

1. Safety Distances Against Injury(operational useonly) Distances in metres at which injury may be

(a) (b) (c)

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only). Distances in metres at which injury may beexpected from an explosion in the open.

Injury from blast

Wt of Safe if Ear Serious DeathsSer expl protected damage injury possible

(kg) against possible possible

debris(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)

1 10 25 15 8 52 15 30 17 9 63 25 30 20 11 64 35 35 20 12 75 45 40 20 12 76 65 45 25 14 87 90 50 30 18 98 140 55 30 20 109 190 65 35 20 10

10 250 7511 350 8012 450 8513 700 10014 900 10515 1100 11516 1300 120

Notes:

(i) Distance at which mehave adequate protecdebris.

( ii) Distance up to whichdiscomfort and possibly

(iii) Distance up to which injury and possibility of m

(iv) Distance up to which mprobably not fatal inju

fatalities by blast pressu

(a) (b) (c) (

13 700 40 6

2. Safety Distances Against Damage. Distances inmetres at which damage to property may beexpected from an explosion in the open.

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14 900 45 815 1100 50 916 1300 60 1

Notes:

(i) Average distance up to wdamaged and require dem(ii) Average distance up to w

uninhabitable. Extensive (iii) Average distance up to w

occurs.(iv) Average distance up to w

broken. 10% may be brodistance.

Damage to property

Wt of Houses Houses Minor 50%Ser expl destroyed badly house glass

(kg) damaged damage broken(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)

1 10 - - 10 232 15 - - 15 353 25 - - 20 454 35 - 10 20 555 45 - 10 25 656 65 - 15 35 857 90 10 20 40 1058 140 15 25 55 1409 190 15 30 65 16510 250 20 35 85 21511 350 25 45 105 260

12 450 30 50 120 300

DEMOLITION TASKS - TIME AND LABOUR ESTIMATES.

Ser Task Manpower Time

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(a) (b) (c) (d)

1 Prepare a bridge over a major river (100m) for demolition 1 Fd Tp 4-5 hr

2 Cut one span of a bridge over a river or canal using RDDsteel

1 Fd Sect 2-3 hr

3 Cut the span of a masonry or concrete arch bridge 1 Fd Sect 4-6 hr

4 Cut one span of a reinforced concrete slab and girderbridge

2 Fd Sect 4 hr

5 Prepare one bridge abutment using camouflet equipment 1 Fd Sect 2 hr

6 Destroy a pier using a pier footing charge 1 Fd Sect 1 hr

7 Crater a road using 3 measle shafts, and mine the debris 1 Fd Sect 1 hr

8 Crater a road using camouflet, 3 craters plus mines indebris

1 Fd Sect 3 hr


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(a) (b) (c) (d)

9 Crater a road using RCK, 3 craters plus mines in debris 1 Fd Sect 1 hr

10 Tree felling and mining to make a road block 1 Fd Sect 2 hr

11 Prepare a pylon using PE4 cartridges 1 Fd Sect 0.5 hr

12 Destroy 4 Dragons Teeth 1 Fd Sect 0.5 hr

13 Prepare a 2 storey building using concussion charges 1 Fd Sect 1 hr

14 Build the Platform Access Under Bridge 1 Fd Sect 0.75 hr

RESTRICTED

SECTION 3 SURVIVABILITY SUPPORT

(8) MILAN BattleBattle Trench

SUMMARY OF PROTECTION IN TAM PART 2.

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Battle Trench

(9) MILAN BattleArch OHP).

(10) Emplacement

(11) Field shelter:

(a) Time andshelter.(b) Packagi

e. Packaging of defenf. Protective slots forg. House prepared fo

1. Details of the following are in TAM Part 2 Section 5:

a. Protective thicknesses of materials.

b. Digging.

(1) Stages.

(2) Explosive digging.

(3) LWT digging.

c. Battle Trenches - standard dimensions.d. Standard designs for field fortifications.

(1) 2 and 4 Man Battle Trench (using KIP)

(2) Revetment using CGI/SHS.

(3) Overhead cover using CGI/SHS.

(4) 2 Man Battle Trench.

(5) 4 Man Battle Trench Type A.

(6) 4 Man Battle Trench Type B.

(7) GPMG (SF) firing platform (based on 4Man Battle Trench Type A).

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INTENTIONALLY BLANK

FIELD FORTIFICATIONS TECHNIQUES

1. Sandbagging. Filled sandbag is 500mm x 250mm x 125mm. 64 sandbags required for a m3. Sawell compacted and bonded.

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p

(1) Face of wall. (2)a. Bonding of sandbags.

b. Sandbag blast walls.

Joints are broken and chokes

not shown

Headers

Courses 1,3,5 etc.

Ref: ME Vol II Pam No.2 Field FortificationsPages: 1-22 to 1-26

2. Revetment.

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b. Sandbag revetmen

Notes: (i) Not vertica(ii) Bags at rig

a. CGI and picket revetment.

0.30m

Not less thantwice the depth

of the trench

(2.7m min)

0.45m

Anchor picket at anangle to the pull

6-8 strands of wirewindlassed tight

Wire pulling at rightangles to the picket


3. Breastwork.

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b. Earth breastwork aa. Sandbag and earth breastwork.

1.50m min

GL

Slope 4/1

Slope 4/1

1.50m min

> 2h

Slope 4/1

Brushwood,CGI etc

h__4

h

0.45m min


4. Defensive Work in Sand or Loose Material.

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Slope 4/1

Sand falling awayat an approximate

slope of 1/1

Back fill compact

sand

Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3


5. Drains and Soakaways.

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a. Drainage sump. b. Catch water drain.

Slope

Large stones at bottom

Pit not less than

300mm cubeShelter ba

Fire ba

Slope

Section A - A

A


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INTENTIONALLY BLANK

WATER SUPPLY

1. Yield Tests.

a Wells Lower the water level by pumping and

lake 'd' (m) and mone quarter of thwater = 0.75 d2h 1000 to give capac

d S i T h

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a. Wells. Lower the water level by pumping andmeasure the time taken to refill.

Approximate yield = 780hd 2

litres/minutet

Where t = t ime to refi ll in minutes

d = diameter of well in metresh = height in metres water

level raised in time t

b. Rivers. Tents are not necessary for largerivers. For small rivers and streams, obtainthe cross-sectional area 'A' (m2) of the riverby measuring the width, and depth at 3 or 4places across its width. Measure the surfacevelocity 'V' (m/sec) in the centre of the river.

Yield = 48,000 VA litres/minute

c. Lakes. Estimate the average diameter of the

d. Springs. Test the vessel of known ca

2. pH and Residual Chlowater:

pH between 5 and 9.2 busing Universal IndicatoResidual chlorine level Med. Test using Checkit

3. Sedimentation.

a. When. Use sedimthe purification unfrequently or if theand always when t

b. Timing. With aluwithout 6 to 8 hour

Ref: ME Vol II Pam No.9 Water SupplyPages: 3-5 to 3-6 and 5-5 to 5-12

c. Acidity. For a floc to form with Alum, pHvalue should be in range 7.0 to 8.0. If tooacid (below 7.0) add slaked lime; if tooalkaline (above 8.0) add more alum. Allowabout 15 minutes for floc to form Test for pH

4. Sterilisation.

a. Fixed Dose ChloCalcium Hypochlo

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about 15 minutes for floc to form. Test for pHvalue with Universal Indicator Paper.

d. Quantities.

ypWait at least 30 mweather). Test usiresidual chlorineUniversal Indicatoand 9.2. If more doses of 0.25 g pe

b. Variable Dosing.level of 5 mg/l and

c. Detasting. Use 1 just before use.

Dosage required

Ser Type and effective Chemical g cupscapacity of tank (approx)

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

1 Small collapsible Crushed alum 1001

/2 to 1tank (SCT) 1550 l Slaked lime 50

1

/4 to1

/2

2 Large collapsible Crushed alum 500 21

/2 to 4tank (LCT) 8000 l Slaked lime 250 1

1

/2 to 2

3 Per 10,000 litres Crushed alum 600 3 to 5Slaked lime 300 2 to 2

1

/2

Ref: ME Vol II Pam No.9 Water SupplyPages: 5-5 to 5-12

Pump - Output 618.3 m.Sterilisation - VVDFilter unit - uses ki

5. Water Purification Sets.

a. Water Purification Unit (NBC). Normallymounted on dedicated 21/2 t trailer. Consists

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Tanks - 2 x 11400 Hoses (44mm) - 4

6. Pumps.

a. Pump Water Set 9

water pump heldGilkes J30/180 TM

of: main unit, 2 additional pumps (source anddistribution), 2 x 13,640 litre pillow tanks,hoses etc. Non-NBC operation. Kieselguhrfiltration and calcium hypochlorite injection.Output 164,000 l/day.NBC operation. Reverse osmosis. Output

45,000 l/day. NB: RO elements are fragile.Follow the instructions in the AESP. Timingsusing 1 NCO and 4 men:

(1) Set up and fill one storage tank: Non-NBC mode - 3 hr. NBC mode - 8.15 hr.

(2) Close down, back flush, clean andrepack - 3.5 hr.

b. Water Purification Unit (Standard). (Weight520 kg, transport 1 x 3/4t trailer)


b. Tanks.b. Godwin Model 6-DC. 100 mm boreholepump. Output 5400 1/hr at 30m head Maxhead 43m. Power supply 110v AC, fromCombat Power Tools Generator. Issued c/w

Ser Type Effectivecapacity

(a) (b) (c)

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30 m x 50 mm hose. Held by support andconstruction squadrons.

c. Grindex Minex. Average Output 390 l/min.Max Head 13.5m. Part of Combat PowerTools Kit.

7. Storage.

a. Water Carriage Pack. Capacity 680 litres.Weight full 725 kg. Load onto vehicle beforefilling. Held by all arms.

(a) (b) (c)

1

2

3

Largecollapsible

Smallcollapsible

Pillow tank

8,000litres

1,550litres

13,640

litres

Ref: ME Vol II Pam No.9 Water SupplyPage: 9-6

c. Improvised. Line a pit or improvised framewith a tarpaulin or plastic sheet. A tank 7.0 x7.0 x 0.75m has a capacity of 29,000 litres.

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Elevation of Cuplok Tow

8. Water Tower. (See alsoSection 4). The standardCuplok tower is illustrated below. It will support atank holding 25,000 litres of water. The correctbracing is essential. It is similar for each storey andshould be positioned on the lower storey beforethe ledgers of the upper storey are added. The

bracing is inserted in sequence, starting at 'A', in aclockwise direction.

Plan of Cuplok Towershowing bracing

A

2m

1.3m

Side view of tow(Diagonal bracing no


9. Layout of Water Points usingWPU (NBC) and Sedimentation,

a WPU (NBC) Layout

Distance = 6m

Head = 4.5m

Distance = 90m

Head = 18m

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a. WPU (NBC) Layout

Dist ance = 100m

Head = 18m Distance = 18m

Head = 10m

Water Source

b. Sedimentation - Site Layout.

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9-18m

Cart and water bottle

filling point

Metalled road or track with hard standing

Water Source

Pump

Pump

Sedimentation tanks

Alum solution drums

38mm canvas hose

38mm armo

Sterilisation tank

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INTENTIONALLY BLANK

SECTION 4 GENERAL ENGINEER INFORMATION

VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS

1. A Vehicles and SP Guns.

Ser Vehicle Weight MLC Width Height

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Notes (i) With gun to the front.

(ii) With gun to the rear.

Ser Vehicle Weight MLC Width Height(tonnes) (m) (m)

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)

1 Challenger 62.0 70 3.50 2.95

2 Challenger ARRV 61.5 70 3.85 3.013 Chieftain ARRV 53.5 60 3.53 3.434 CVR(T) Scimitar 7.76 10 2.18 2.125 CVR(T) Spartan and Samson 8.15 10 2.21 2.236 CVR(T) Sultan and Samaritan 8.68 10 2.41 2.497 CVR(W) Fox 6.36 8 2.23 2.208 Warrior 25.4 30 3.09 2.749 FV 432 15.1 15 2.97 2.1710 Saxon 11.67 12 2.49 2.6511 AS 90 44.5 50 3.43 3.0

2. Engineer Specialist Vehicles.

Ser Vehicle and Weight MLC Width Height Length Track-Configuration (tonnes) (m) (m) (m) width (m)

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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h)

1 Chieftain AVRE 61.2(i) 70 4.67(ii) 4.26(iii) 10.30(iv) 0.61 (i) WCl 6

(ii) (iii) W(iv)

2 Chieftain AVLB

a Unladen 41.1 45 3.5 3.2 10.56 0.61 Bridb No 10 (22) bridge 51.7 70 4.00 4.00 14.53 0.61c No 10 (26) bridge 53.7 70 4.00 4.08 14.53 0.61d No 11 bridge 47.8 70 4.00 3.49 16.03 0.61e No 12 bridge (one) 46.8 70 4.00 3.23 13.90 0.61f No 12 bridge (two) 52.3 70 4.00 3.94 14.00 0.61

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h)

3 CET 17.7 18 2.92 2.83 7.30 0.51 Win

Wi h f i S i

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a With one fascine 18 4.6 3.4 7.3 0.51 Swi

4 AVRE Trailer

a Unladen with CES 6.90 3.11 2.11 7.14

b Laden 17.70 18 3.11 2.25 7.14

5 Python 4.3 2.2 3.8 5.9

6 TBT 22.9 20(w) 3 3.05 11.5

a With No 10 (22)(Spanned out) 33.5 31(w) 4.07 4 14.24(Contracted) 33.5 31(w) 3.18 4 13.21

b With No 10 (26)(Spanned out) 35.5 33(w) 4.07 4 14.45(Contracted) 35.5 33(w) 3.18 4 13.45

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h)

c With 1 x No 12(Spanned out) 28.5 26(w) 4.07 3.5 13.7

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(Spanned out) 28.5 26(w) 4.07 3.5 13.7(Contracted) 28.5 26(w) 3.18 3.5 13.7

d With 2 x No 12(Spanned out) 34.1 31(w) 4.07 4 14.48(Contracted) 34.1 31(w) 3.18 4 14.48

7a M3 26 26 3.35 3.93 12.822 Roa

b 26 26 6.57 3.23 12.822 Wat

8a BV Unladen 23.1 24 3.1 4 12.0

b Laden 30.0 29 3.1 4 12.0 StanGSB

9 ABLE 37.0 35 3.1 4 12.0

3. B Vehicles.

Ser Vehicle Make Unladen Laden MLCWeight Weight

(tonnes) (tonnes) He

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(to es) (to es) e(

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (

1 MC Armstrong 0.16

2 Tlr Cargo 3/4t Various 0.4 1.2 13 Truck Ut Lt Rover 90 1.58 2.9 2 24 Truck Ut Med Rover 110 1.9 3.05 3 25 Truck 8t 4 x 4 Bedford TM 8.4 16.3 16 36 Drops MMLC Leyland DAF 13.98 30.06 32 37 Drops LWB Tlr King 3.4 20.34 52 (ii) 18 Truck Cargo 4 t Leyland DAF 5.98(iii) 10.0 16 29 Truck Cargo Bedford TM 10.39 24.4 30 3

14t 6 x 6 MMLC10 Rec Veh GS Foden 24 27 3

6 x 6

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (

11 Tcr GS Tk Tptr Scammell Commander 38 100 100(ii) 3and s/tlr 90t

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12 Oversnow Veh Volvo BV 206 4.32 6.4 5 213 TTF 12,000 litre Foden 12.1 22.8 24 314 TTF 22,500 litre Foden 12.3 28.9 32 3

Notes: (i) Height includes normal canopy and superstructure.(ii) MLC is for the Gross Train Weight of prime mover and trailer.(iii) 6.66 tonne with winch.

4. C Vehicles.

Ser Equipment Unladen Weight MLC

Height Length Wid

Dimensions (m)

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Height Length Wid

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g)

1. MCT Caterpiller 17.8 With blade & winch 22 3.16 With cab 5.92 With ripper 3.89 WithD6D 2.1 Less cab blade

2. MCE Atlas 17.0 With backhoe 17 2.75 With cab 8.9 Rigged for Tpt 2.81404 LC

3. HCT Liebherr 25.0 With blade & winch 30 3.3 With cab 6.2 With winch 3.99 strai742B blade

25.06 With blade & ripper 7.14 With ripper 4.59 anglblade

4. HCE Hymac 22.0 24 3.16 8.56 2.57201 LC

5. ULWT JCB 3CX 7.36 9 3.8 6.15 2.24

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g)

6. LWT Hydrema 806 8.8 10 3.97 6.65 2.3

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7. MWT Terex 72/51 18.3 21 3.45 with cab 7.18 2.95

8. MWT Volvo 11.45 14 3.02 6.9 2.5BM 4400

9. MWT Case 721 17.5 20 3.55 With Cab 8.52 2.75

10. MWE O & K MH5 16.2 19 3.5 6.1 2.5

11. MWE O & K MH6 2.06 27 (i) 4.0 6.95 2.49535 (ii)

12. HWT Terex 72/71 44.55 83 4.14 11.4 3.63

13. MMG Aveling 14.72 15 3.29 11.81 2.49Barford ASG 113

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g)

14. MDT Haulamatic 11.46 18 2.97 6.77 2.44

15 MDT Ford Iveco 16 25 3 4 8 0 2 5

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Note: (i) Boom Retracted. (ii) Boom Extended.

15. MDT Ford Iveco 16 25 3.4 8.0 2.5

16. SLDT Scammell 15.22 32 3.5 8.86 2.5S26

17. HDT Frame Steer 23.8 Unladen with skip 25 3.56 With beacon 11.2 2.67

Terex 3066 (net)43.80 Laden 53 3.52 Less beacon

18. Tcr Wld Fork Lift 7.4 8 3.65 5.62 2.25Rough TerrainJCB 410 M/C

19. Med Fd Crane 21.9 22 3.61 8.8 2.5Coles 315M

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INTENTIONALLY BLANK

MEASUREMENT AND MATERIALS

1. Units of Measurement .

METRIC IMPERIAL CONVERSIO

Length10 1 12 i 1 ft 1 0 039 i

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10 mm = 1 cm 12 in = 1 ft 1 mm = 0.039 in

100 cm = 1 m 3 ft = 1 yd 1 m = 1.09 yd1000 m = 1 km 1760 yd = 1 mile 1 km = 0.621 (approx 5/8) mile

(1 nm = 1.828 km = 1.136 miles)

Area10,000m2 = 1 ha 4840 yd2 = 1 acre 1m2 = 1.196 yd2 = 10.75 ft2

1 ha = 2.47 acres

Volume1 ml = 1 cc 2 pt = 1 qt 1 litre = 2.2 04 pt = 0.220 gal1,000 cc = 1 litre 4 qt = 1 gal1,000 litre =1 m3 1 ft3 = 6.23 gal 1 m3 =1.31 yd3

(1 gal = 1.20 gal (US))

Mass1,000 gm = 1kg 112 lb = 1 cwt 1 kg = 2.205 lb1,000 kg = 1 tonne 20 cwt = 1 ton 1 tonne = 0.984 ton

Density Force1 kg/m3 = 0.0624 lb/ft3 1 lb/ft3 = 16.02 kg/m3 1 kgf = 9.81 N 11 tonne/m3 = 0.752 ton/yd3 1 ton/yd3 = 1.33 tonne/m3 1 N = 0.225 lbf 1

1 kN = 0.100 tonf

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Area loading Stress1 tonne/m2 = 1.42 lb/in2 1 lb/in2 = 0.730 tonne/m2 1 N/mm2 = 145 lbf/in2 1= 0.0914 ton/ft2 1 ton/ft2 = 10.9 tonne/m2 1 kN/m2 = 0.084 tonf/yd2 1

Velocity Volume flow1 knot = 1 nm/hr = 0.515 m/s = 1.85 km/hr = 1.15 mph 1 gal/min = 0.075 l/sec 1

= 273 l/hr

Angle Power1 degree = 17.778 mils, 90 degrees = 1600 mils, 1 kW = 1.34 hp 11 mil = 202.5 seconds of arc 1 W = 3.41 Btu/h 1

2. Common Engineering Materials.

Ser Material Units of Density/DimensionsSpecification/Supply

(a) (b) (c) (d)

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1 Sand, soil, Metre3 1.65 t/m3 Loose/aggregates

2 Sand, soil Metre3 2.0 t/m3 Satura

3 Cement Bags (50kg, 0.036 m3) 1.45 t/m3

4 Water Litres or metre3 1 t/m3

5 Bricks Number (390 to 500 bricks Stacked bricks Allow 6per pack) 1.85 t/m3 single

6 Masonry 2.2 to 2.6 t/m3 Bonde

7 Diesel fuel Litres or metre3 0.85 t/m3

8 Timber Cross section and length 0.5 to 1.2 t/m3

9 Iron/Steel 7.6 t/m3

(a) (b) (c) (d)

10 Armco Culvert Sheets All sections 0.61m long. Diameter:0.3, 0.45, 0.6 or 0.9 m

11 Wire

a Barbed Wire Coils 100 or 200m

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a Barbed Wire Coils, 100 or 200m.5000 m per pallet

b Dannert Coils Coils. 15 coils per pallet Co

c D10 signal 1000 m per coil

cabled 14 SWG 25 kg coils (500 m). 20 Coils

(10,000 m) per pallet

12 Nails Specify by length (mm) 15Supplied by weight (kg) 10

50

13 CGI Sheets. 200 per pallet Sheets 24 gauge, 0.66m wide.Length: 1.8, 2.4, and 3.0m

Note: Standard NATO pallet measures 1016 x 1219 mm.

2. Setting out Angles.

IMPROVISED MEASUREMENT

1. Sun Compass.

Note:Adjust for

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a. 90 de

b. 60 de

Adjust forsummer time.

12 1

2

3

4

567

8

9

10

11 SOUTH

NORTH

SUN

Ref: ME Vol II Pam No.1 Basic Field Engineering Part 1Pages: 1-1 to 1-22

b. Flat Bottle.3. Improvised Levels.

a. Flexible Tube. Flat sided bottlehalf-full of water

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Glass Tubes

1.5m

Approx 3.0m

Water Level

Flexible Tube

25mm wide strip of paperwith 6mm divisions

1st Rea

2nd Re

Ref: ME Vol II Pam No.1 Basic Field Engineering Part 2Page: 1-19

4. Gap Measurement.

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AB =

DE x BC

CD

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CORDAGE AND ANCHORAGES

1. Strength of cordage for field use. Ref: ME Vol IIPam 1 Pages 3-3 to 3-9.

Ser Cordage Type Safe load (kg)

Cordage adj factors

Old, worn orabraded Unevendistribution

0.8

Knot or sharp 0.7

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Note: Further detail of reduct

cordage are in the referen

Note:

1. d = diameter in mm

Ser Cordage Type Safe load (kg)

1 Natural fibre(Sisal/Manilla)

d2/100 x adjfactor

2 Floating man-made fibre 1.7 x d2/100 xadj factor

3 Sinking man-made fibre 2.5 x d2/100 xadj factor

4 Steel wire rope (SWR) d2/12 xreduction factor

Knot or sharpbend Watersaturated

2. Loads on Sling Legs. The tension (T) in the leg ofa sling is calculated as follows:

s

W

T T

W

T

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T2=

S T2=

S

W2 4S2 - a2 W2 4 (4S2 - a2 - b2)

a. 2-arm sling. b. 4-arm sling.

sT T

a

T

T

s

ab

4. Anchor Earth Holdfast3. Picket Anchorage.

Single 1 : 1(a) (b)

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Notes:(i) Normally all pins used i

hard ground.(ii) Angle between legs app(iii) Pull not to exceed 20o fro(iv) Capacity 10kN to 20k

capacity of 60kN.

Notes:( i) Pickets driven 2/3 length into ground at right

angles to the pull.(ii) Lashings taut and at angle of pull.(iii) Capacity: Single picket 3.5kN. 1:1 pickets 7kN.

2:1 pickets 10kN. 3:2:1 pickets 20kN.

2 : 1

3 : 2 : 1

(d)

The bars and papproximately

Ref: ME Vol II Pam No.1 Basic Field EngineeringPages: 7-1 to 7-19

Notes:(i) Baulk to be protected fro(ii) Cable trench minimum w(iii) Main trench backfilled an(iv) Capacity. In normal gro

long timber, buried to 100kN t 20o t th h i

5. Buried Baulk Anchorage.

Main trench backfilled withearth and rammed

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100kN at 20o to the horiz

Sheet metal bearing for cable

Cable trench revettedif necessary

BASIC STRUCTURES

1. Timber. The permissible stresses in common timber are given below:

Permissible stress N/mm2

Type of Density CompressionSer timber kg/m3 Bending Tension

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Ser timber kg/m3 Bending TensionAlong Perp tograin grain

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g)

1 Common medium 1000 12.7 7.5 8.1 2.2strength hardwoods

2 Common softwoods 750 6.7 4.1 6.4 1.6

Note: With timber used in compression along the grain:(i) Length should be less than 40 x minimum cross section dimension.(ii) Should not deviate from straight more than minimum cross section dimension.

2. Timber Shoring.

225x50mm Needlefixed to dead shore

225xmeta

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b. Raking shore (spaced aa. Dead shore (spaced at 1.5 to 2.1m)

by dogs

220x200/225x225mm dead shores

150x25mm bracing

Folding wedges(hardwood)

225x50mm sole plate

Braces-100/150x25mm boardsnailed to each side

225x225mm rider.A rider may be of smathe lower rakers - this whandling. The rider is tmeans of hardwood fo

Jack shore 225x22

Chock

225x225mm rakers

Hoop iron bindto boarding at b

Transverse timbers or slee

ground conditions require be spread [ also known as 'crib' or grillage]

225x225mm sole plate

Dogs

3. Timber Fished Joints.

d

d/2

d

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b. Rounda. Squared timber

6d

6d

6d

6d


4. Tubular Scaffolding. (See alsoSection 3 WaterSupply) Notes: Using 25 mm steel tubi

(i) Tower should not excee3:1.

(ii) Load capacity of structuvertical

50 - 75mm thick decking forflexible tanks

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vertical.(iii) Spacing of verticals not (iv) Maximum height of ver

(ledgers) 1.7 m.(v) Load carrying ends of v

m.(vi) No vertical should be ou

in 6 m.(vii) Each elevat ion to be

bracing in opposing direc(viii) Bracing to be connected(ix) Bracing also required in

flexible tanks

1.7mmax

2.4m max

2.4m max


5. PW Cage. Gross space of 3500m2 required for 500 PW and 5750m2 for 1000 PW. Officers, Narms, nationalities etc, and interrogated and uninterrogated PW should be segregated. Roomperimeters of internal sub-cages. Diagrammatic layout for 500 PW is shown below. Fences: concertina, internal - double apron.

60m 25m

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LATRINES

LATRINES

SPARE

CAGE

SPARE

CAGE

NCOs

NCOs SPECIAL

ARMS

SPECIAL

ARMS

PRIVATES

PRIVATES

OFFICERS

OFFICERS

ASSEMBLY YARD FOR

COLLECTION, LOADINGAND UNLOADING PW

INTERROGATED

UNINTERROGATED

25m

10m

25m

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