retina scan

MADHAV INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE

Session 2015-16

PRESENTATION ON RETINA SCAN Presented By: Khushboo Shrivastava M.Tech 2nd year (3rd sem) 0141cyb011

Wednesday, May 3, 2023

1/24

Outline: Structure of the EYE . Introduction to the Retina. What is the Retina scan? History. principle. Technique. How does it work? System Specifications. Comparison of Iris v/s Retina scanning. Uses. Advantages. Disadvantages. Applications. Future of retina scan. Conclusion.


2/24

Structure of the EYE:

Figure 1:


3/24

Introduction to the RetinaA very thin layer of tissue on the back of the eye

(1/50 “ thick).

Has rods and cones to sense light and colour.

Transmits impulses through the optic nerve.

Multiple layers of cells comprise the retina .


4/24

Cont..

figure 2:


5/24

what is the Retina Scan?A retinal scan is a biometric technique that

uses the unique patterns on a person's retina blood vessels.

This process can verify the identity of a person by “reading” or scanning the blood vessel patterns of the retina in one’s eye , hence the words, retina scan

It is not to be confused with another ocular-based technology, iris recognition, commonly called an "iris scanner."


6/24

Cont… Wednesday, May 3, 2023

7/24

Figure 3

HistoryThe idea for retinal identification was first conceived by

Dr Carleton Simon and Dr Isadore Goldstein and was published in the New York State Journal of Medicine in 1935.

The idea was ahead of its time, but once technology caught up, the concept for a retinal scanning device emerged in 1975.

In 1976, Robert "Buzz" Hill formed a corporation named EyeDentify, Inc., and made a full-time effort to research and develop such a device.

In 1978, specific means for a retinal scanner was patented, followed by a commercial model in 1981.


8/24

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carleton_Simon&action=edit&redlink=1

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isadore_Goldstein&action=edit&redlink=1

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology

Principle

Identifies individuals by retinal blood vessel pattern.

Unique for each individual (including twins).

Patterns do not change over an individual’s lifetime .

Exceptions include diabetes and macular degenerative diseases


9/24

TechniqueSubject looks into a focusing camera at close

range (~ ½ inch) for several seconds.

Low power IR (~7mW) is directed into the pupil .

Resulting picture is captured by the camera.

May require several such images to get a good template.

Image processing filters out relevant feature points.

Pattern is matched against stored templates


10/24

How does it works? Wednesday, Ma

y 3, 2023

11/24

Extracting Intensity Profile

Performing Scan

Locating Blood Vessels

Generating Circular Bar Code database

Cont.. Wednesday, May 3, 2023

12/24

Templategeneration

database

System specificationsEnrollment time : less than 1 minute .

Stand alone verification time : 1.5 seconds .

Stand alone recognition time. : less than 5 seconds with 1500 persons enrolled .

Storage capacity : 3000 individuals in flash RAM memory .

Template size : 96 bytes .

Cost : $2000-$2500.


13/24

Comparison of Iris scanning v/s Retina scanning Iris scanning Retina scanning


14/24

Cont..Similarities:Low occurrence of false positives.

Extremely low (almost 0%) false negative rates.

Highly reliable because no two people have the same iris or retinal pattern.

Speedy results: Identity of the subject is verified very quickly.

The capillaries in the iris and retina decompose too rapidly to use a amputated eye to gain access.


15/24

Cont..DissimilaritiesRetinal scan measurement accuracy can be affected by

disease; iris fine texture remains remarkably stable.

An iris scan is no different than taking a normal photograph of a person and can be performed at a distance; for retinal scanning the eye must be brought very close to an eyepiece (like looking into a microscope).

Iris scanning is more widely accepted as a commercial modality than retinal scanning.

Retinal scanning is considered to be invasive, iris is not.


16/24

UsesRetina scanning is mainly used for places that

require a high level of security .

Retinal scanners are typically used for authentication and identification purposes.

Retinal scanning has been used in prisons.

Retinal scanning also has medical application.


17/24

AdvantagesLow occurrence of false positives.

Extremely low (almost 0%) false negative rates.

Highly reliable.

Speedy results.

Highly accurate.

The data that retina scan capture and store does not occupy too much storage space.

The identification takes not more than two seconds.


18/24

DisadvantagesMeasurement accuracy can be affected by a disease

such as cataracts.

High equipment costs.

Retinal scans are considered quite intrusive.

It can be inconvenient.

Not very user friendly

Subject being scanned must be close to the camera optics


19/24

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataracts

ApplicationsSecurity in Military areas.

Access-control.

Screening.

disease-spread prevention.


20/24

Future of the retina scan?The most accurate and reliable biometric technology.

Located in high security areas.

It still remains an intrusive technology.

Hard to get the user acceptance.


21/24


22/24

Conclusion

References Retina and Iris Scans. Encyclopedia of Espionage, Intelligence,

and Security. Copyright © 2004 by The Gale Group, Inc. Retinography: How Retinal Scanning Works. Retrieved on 2007-

04-02. “Eye Prints,” TIME Magazine, Dec. 16, 1935. Retrieved on 2008-

04-10. Hill, Robert. “Retina Identification”. Msu.Edu. Retrieved on

2007-04-02

"Why retina scanning works better for James Bond than it ever would for us". http://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/blog/2009/10/6/why-retina-scanning-works-better-for-james-bond-than-it-ever-would-for-us/24.aspx.

Iris/Retinal Identification. Wcu.Edu. Retrieved on 2007-04-02. Ostaff, Courtney.

“Retinal Scans Do More Than Let You In The Door." Retrieved on 2007-04-02.

Roberts, Chris. "Biometrics" Retrieved on 2009-06-11. Medical Discoveries -

http://www.discoveriesinmedicine.com/Ra-Thy/ Retinography.html.


23/24

http://www.discoveriesinmedicine.com/Ra-Thy/Retinography.html

http://www.discoveriesinmedicine.com/Ra-Thy/Retinography.html

http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,755453,00.html

http://www.cse.msu.edu/~cse891/Sect601/textbook/6.pdf

http://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/blog/2009/10/6/why-retina-scanning-works-better-for-james-bond-than-it-ever-would-for-us/24.aspx



http://et.wcu.edu/aidc/BioWebPages/Biometrics_Eye.html

http://www.physorg.com/news6134.html

http://www.ccip.govt.nz/newsroom/information-notes/2005/biometrics.pdf

http://www.discoveriesinmedicine.com/Ra-Thy/%20Retinography.html


24/24

Thank

you…

retina scan

Engineering