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GEOG 433GEOG 433

Demographic Trends in Demographic Trends in Soviet & Post-Soviet RussiaSoviet & Post-Soviet Russia

Slides for November 12, 2013Slides for November 12, 2013

USSR/Russian demographic developments of USSR/Russian demographic developments of the centurythe century

• Calamitous population lossesCalamitous population losses

• Rapid urbanizationRapid urbanization

• Massive internal migrationsMassive internal migrations

Estimates of USSR/Russian Population Estimates of USSR/Russian Population calamitiescalamities

– WWI & Civil War -2 millionWWI & Civil War -2 million– Epidemics 1917-23 - 3 millionEpidemics 1917-23 - 3 million– Famines, human-induced -5.5 millionFamines, human-induced -5.5 million– Forced collectivization - 10 millionForced collectivization - 10 million– Famines & Purges of the 1930s - 15 millionFamines & Purges of the 1930s - 15 million– World War II - World War II -

• Direct losses - 25-30 millionDirect losses - 25-30 million• Population indirect effects -birth deficits - 15 millionPopulation indirect effects -birth deficits - 15 million

– Total population deficits including Total population deficits including ““echo effects total ~ 150 echo effects total ~ 150 million by 1991 million by 1991

Population of Former Soviet Republics

Population of Largest CitiesPopulation of Largest Cities

Population Density & Cities

Fig 7.1 Former USSR distribution of population

Languages of the former USSRLanguages of the former USSR

Table 7.1 Russia: birth rates, death rates & rates of natural increase per 1000, 1960-1991

Table 7.2 Russia: birth rates, death rates, rates of natural increase per 1000, 1991-96

Table 7.3 , Birth, death & natural increase rates per 1000 population by selected region, 1995

Table 7.4 Migration trends in selected Russian regions, 1989-96 (in thousands

Fig 7.5 Development of Russian housing fund (millions of square meters)

Table 7.6 Russia: total and urban population 1917--96 (millions)

Table 7.7 Levels of urbanization across Russian economic regions, 1996 (in%)

Table 7.8 Size distribution of Russian urban settlements, 1996

Table 7.9 Level of urban development of Russian economic regions, 1989

Population pyramids 1989

Russia: Age-Sex Structure, January 1, 2001

Figure 7.2 Stalin’s projects

Source: Blinnikov, 2011, p. 85.

Age-Sex Structure 1989-2001 comparisonAge-Sex Structure 1989-2001 comparison

Population Pyramid of Russia, 2010

Figure 10.3 Population pyramid for Russia in 2009.

Source: Blinnikov, 2011, p. 143.

Projected population pyramid, 2050Projected population pyramid, 2050

Russia’s Largest 20 cities (2009 pop.)

1 Moscow Москва Moscow 11,800,9922 Saint Petersburg Санкт-Петербург Saint Petersburg 4,900,5203 Novosibirsk Новосибирск Novosibirsk 1,397,1914 Yekaterinburg Екатеринбург Sverdlovsk 1,332,2645 Nizhny Novgorod Нижний Новгород Nizhny Novgorod 1,272,5276 Samara Самара Samara 1,164 9007 Kazan Казань Tatarstan 1,143 6008 Omsk Омск Omsk 1,129,1209 Chelyabinsk Челябинск Chelyabinsk 1,093,69910 Rostov-on-Don Ростов-на-Дону Rostov 1,048,99111 Ufa Уфа Bashkortostan 1,024,84212 Volgograd Волгоград Volgograd 1,021,20013 Perm Пермь Perm 985,79414 Krasnoyarsk Красноярск Krasnoyarsk 947,80115 Voronezh Воронеж Voronezh 843,49616 Saratov Саратов Saratov 830,95317 Tolyatti Тольятти Samara 720,34618 Krasnodar Краснодар Krasnodar 710,68619 Izhevsk Ижевск Udmurtia 611,04320 Yaroslavl Ярославль Yaroslavl 606,336

Rosstat (2009)

Russia: total fertility rate 1960-2000

Russia: Marriage and Divorce rates, 1970-2001

Russia: Share of births outside Marriage, 1970-2000

Russia: Abortion rate and ratio, 1989-2000

Russia: Life Expectancy by Sex, 1960-2001

Male Death Rates by Cause in Russia & the EU, 1994-95