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1. What’s your first reaction to the word “retirement”, and why?1. What’s your first reaction to the word “retirement”, and why?

The first word coming into my mind about The first word coming into my mind about retirement is “freedom.” If I were retired now, I retirement is “freedom.” If I were retired now, I would have enough time of my own to do the things I would have enough time of my own to do the things I have dreamed of: I would travel around the world have dreamed of: I would travel around the world with my friends; I would build a cottage of my own with my friends; I would build a cottage of my own beside a river in the countryside, I would go fishing beside a river in the countryside, I would go fishing and do some gardening in my leisure time; I would and do some gardening in my leisure time; I would ……

Reference:Reference:

2.2. Look at the people around you who have already retired. Look at the people around you who have already retired. Are they happy? Why or why not? Are they happy? Why or why not?

Looking around, we can see more and more retired Looking around, we can see more and more retired people in our community. They are our parents, our people in our community. They are our parents, our relatives, or our friends. Some of them lead a happy relatives, or our friends. Some of them lead a happy life after retirement, others do not. It all depends on life after retirement, others do not. It all depends on at least two things: health and income. Those who at least two things: health and income. Those who have enough money and are healthy enough can have enough money and are healthy enough can always enjoy their lives. But those who lack either of always enjoy their lives. But those who lack either of the two may have a hard time. the two may have a hard time.


3.3. What challenges do you think they may face after What challenges do you think they may face after retirement? retirement?

The retired may face at least in three aspects challenges: physical The retired may face at least in three aspects challenges: physical health; financial position and affectionate need. After a long time health; financial position and affectionate need. After a long time struggling all the way in their life career, many old people now suffer struggling all the way in their life career, many old people now suffer from poor health and need proper medical care, which is sometimes from poor health and need proper medical care, which is sometimes too expensive for them to afford. What’s more, society at large and too expensive for them to afford. What’s more, society at large and their families in particular might be too cold and too indifferent to their families in particular might be too cold and too indifferent to them at a time when they need affectionate care the most. Therefore, them at a time when they need affectionate care the most. Therefore, some people describe the dark side of retirement as accompanied by some people describe the dark side of retirement as accompanied by poverty, boredom and loneliness. Personally, I’m optimistic. With poverty, boredom and loneliness. Personally, I’m optimistic. With improvement of the social security system, we will find more and improvement of the social security system, we will find more and more happy retired people living in a warm, humane and loving more happy retired people living in a warm, humane and loving social atmosphere. social atmosphere.


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• Language Points

• Content Awareness

• Language Focus

Facing the Fears of Retirement “The day you retire, you're finished —

you’re dead.” This simple, widely believed statement was uttered often by a 77-year-old business founder even before he came out of retirement and took back control of the firm from his son. For many, retirement from thebusiness they built seems a matter of life and death. No wonder so few have the courage or the inclination to face it. This fear of retirement often shows up early in unwillingness or inability to engage in succession planning. We find three prevalent beliefs held by those who cannot conclude — or even begin — succession planning: “Retirement scares me.” “We could lose it all.” “This business is who I am.”

Retirement is frightening. It is a new, uncertain journey --- at a time when peace in life is treasured. Personal financial security is a powerful motivator to keep control of the business. The inability to "let go" is even more difficult for those who founded their businesses at a time of unemployment or family poverty.

For many who build successful enterprises, their business is their identity. It is said of one woman business owner, still in control in her 90s, that “work is her oxygen.” Some entrepreneurs started their businesses at least in part to prove themselves to former bosses who had rejected or doubted them. We find that they cling to their creations more strongly than most.

For these reasons and others, too many business founders refuse to retire. They insist that only they are capable of running the business. Jealousy or insecurities relating to declining power generate interpersonal conflicts that spoil succession planning or even the performance of potential successors.

If an executive has not quite achieved what he had hoped, he often wants the opportunity to stay in the game. Rather than a graceful transition, the succession process can become a war. The parties to such a combat, however, should remember Winston Churchill's warning to the House of Commons: “If we open a quarrel between the past and the present, we shall find that we have lost the future.”

Fortunately, many business owners manage to face succession planning — courageously, openly, and early. And because entrepreneurial succession is perhaps the most critical issue for family-business continuity, we're keenly interested in the makeup and background of those who do.

Our conclusion: It’s all a matter of outlook or attitude. Business owners who can plan succession and who can let go don't come necessarily from larger or smaller businesses. They don't come from businesses that are more or less fragile or that require more or less hands-on involvement. They don’t necessarily even have more or less qualified successors to whom they can turn over their creations. They just have a different outlook or attitude toward the subject. For them, the glass is half full, not half empty.

Here are some attitudes about retirement that can help the process:

“There’s life after succession.” Many business owners have personally observed the unhappy experience of someone else who “died in the saddle.” They had a partner or a friend who died young and never had a chance to retire. Or they succeeded parents who couldn’t let go, and now they can’t imagine imposing that oppression on another generation. These business owners see retirement as a stage in life they don’t want to miss.

“I’ve got so much I want to do!” We find those who plan succession properly are already eager to do more and different things at a relatively young age — 50 or 55. They are already active in new interests (for example, teaching, politics, another venture, or philanthropy) and are pushing the preparation of their successors so they have more time — full time — for these other activities. They don’t retire from their previous work but rather move up to new opportunities.

“There was a business here before me.” In our experience, business owners who purchased their firms as part of a management buyout face succession planning more readily than business founders. It seems they recognize that presidents change but the business goes on. As one leader says, “I wasn’t hanging on because I was indispensable to the business but because the business was indispensable to me.”With that understanding, he found other ways to build meaning into his life and moved on.

Unfortunately, our culture does not provide acclaim for those who make the hard decision to do succession planning, even though so much is at stake. We worship founders, builders, chiefs --- but rarely do we read about or cheer those who gracefully and successfully turn their jobs over to their successors. That seems to be an even rarer talent and accomplishment.

Perhaps that is the reason management authority Peter Drucker refers to succession planning as a leader’s “final test of greatness.” And having passed that test, the leader goes on to new challenges and satisfactions.

(826 words)

no wonderno wonder

— — not surprisingnot surprising

ExamplesExamples

• It is It is no wonderno wonder you’ve got a headache when you drank you’ve got a headache when you drank so much last night.so much last night.

• Traffic situation today was terrible, Traffic situation today was terrible, no wonderno wonder you you were late.were late.

successionsuccession n.n.

— — the coming of one thing or person after another in the coming of one thing or person after another in time or ordertime or order

ExamplesExamples

• Who is first in Who is first in successionsuccession to the throne is not yet clear. to the throne is not yet clear.

• The days followed each other in quick The days followed each other in quick successionsuccession and and still no news came.still no news came.

More to learnMore to learnMore to learnMore to learn


ExamplesExamples

• When the duke dies, his eldest son will When the duke dies, his eldest son will succeedsucceed him on him on the throne.the throne.

• Lord Davis Lord Davis succeededsucceeded Sir Hugh as chairman of the Sir Hugh as chairman of the commission.commission.

succeedsucceed v.

— — be the next to take a position or rankbe the next to take a position or rank

successor n.

— — person or thing that comes after and takes the place of person or thing that comes after and takes the place of (sb./ sth.)(sb./ sth.)

ExamplesExamples

• Prince Martin, the first son of the king, is the only Prince Martin, the first son of the king, is the only successorsuccessor on the throne. on the throne.

• He will never tell you who the headmaster’s successor will be.

treasuretreasure

— — value (sth.) highlyvalue (sth.) highly

ExamplesExamples

• I I treasuretreasure the friendship between us. the friendship between us.

• From his reaction to your letter, I can tell he From his reaction to your letter, I can tell he treasures treasures your friendship.your friendship.

identityidentity

— — who or what sb./sth. iswho or what sb./sth. is

ExamplesExamples

• The The identityidentity of the murdered woman has not yet been of the murdered woman has not yet been established.established.

• The check will be cashed on proof of The check will be cashed on proof of identityidentity..

clingcling v. v.

— — hold on tightly to sb/sthhold on tightly to sb/sth

ExamplesExamples

• After 30 minutes’ walking in the heavy rain, his wet After 30 minutes’ walking in the heavy rain, his wet shirt shirt clung clung to his body.to his body.

• They They clingcling to one another for comfort. to one another for comfort.


cling to:cling to:

— — be unwilling to abandon sth; refuse to give up sthbe unwilling to abandon sth; refuse to give up sth

ExamplesExamples

• They They clung toclung to the belief that her son is alive. the belief that her son is alive.

• She clung to the hope that she could pass the exam.

conflictconflict n.n.

— — 1)1) strugglestruggle

ExampleExample

• There is a serious dispute, which could lead to armed There is a serious dispute, which could lead to armed conflictconflict..

— — 2) serious disagreement

ExampleExample

• The two parties have been in The two parties have been in conflictconflict since the since the election.election.

• The governor’s refusal to apply the law brought him The governor’s refusal to apply the law brought him into into conflictconflict with the federal government. with the federal government.

gracefulgraceful

— — 1) pleasing in both style and attitude1) pleasing in both style and attitude

ExamplesExamples

• The audience were deeply attracted by her The audience were deeply attracted by her graceful graceful dancing.dancing.

— — 2) polite and considerate

ExamplesExamples

• A graceful apology may change the present unfriendly A graceful apology may change the present unfriendly atmosphere between them.atmosphere between them.

processprocess n.n.

— — series of actions or operations performed in order to series of actions or operations performed in order to do, make or achieve sth.do, make or achieve sth.

ExamplesExamples

• Reforming the education system will be a difficult Reforming the education system will be a difficult processprocess..

• Coal was formed out of dead forests by a long slow Coal was formed out of dead forests by a long slow processprocess of chemical change. of chemical change.

courageouscourageous adj. adj.

— — bravebrave ；； fearlessfearless

ExamplesExamples

• It was It was courageouscourageous of her to oppose her boss. of her to oppose her boss.

• He was known as a He was known as a courageouscourageous person. person.

outlookoutlook nn. .

— — 1) person’s way of looking at life1) person’s way of looking at life

ExamplesExamples

• Living in such an unhappy family, he has formed a Living in such an unhappy family, he has formed a very strange very strange outlookoutlook on life. on life.

• What he needs most is a tolerant, forgiving What he needs most is a tolerant, forgiving outlookoutlook on on life.life.


outlookoutlook n. n.

— — 2) view on which one looks out2) view on which one looks out

ExamplesExamples

• The house has a pleasant The house has a pleasant outlookoutlook over the valley. over the valley.

— — 3) what seems likely to happen; future prospects

ExamplesExamples

• According to the forecast, the weather outlook for the weekend is bad.

fragilefragile

— — 1) easily damaged or broken1) easily damaged or broken

ExamplesExamples

• We’d better keep a distance between us or we may We’d better keep a distance between us or we may break the already break the already fragilefragile relationship between us. relationship between us.

• No matter how eagerly pursued, human happiness is No matter how eagerly pursued, human happiness is fragilefragile..


fragilefragile

— — 2) having a small thin body or weak in health

ExamplesExamples

• The old lady was very The old lady was very fragilefragile after her operation. after her operation.

turn overturn over

— — 1) give the control or management of sth to sb1) give the control or management of sth to sb

ExamplesExamples

• The confidential report has been The confidential report has been turned overturned over to the to the President.President.

• They They turnedturned the wanted man the wanted man overover to the authorities. to the authorities.


—— 2) think about carefully; consider in various ways2) think about carefully; consider in various ways

ExampleExample

• She She turnedturned the problem the problem overover in his mind. in his mind.

—— 3) (cause sb/sth to) face in another direction by rolling3) (cause sb/sth to) face in another direction by rolling

ExampleExample

• Though it was very noisy outside, she turned over and went to sleep.

in the saddlein the saddle

— — on horseback; in a position of controlon horseback; in a position of control

ExamplesExamples

• The director hopes to remain The director hopes to remain in the saddlein the saddle..

imposeimpose

— — 1) force sb to accept

ExamplesExamples

• The magistrate imposed a fine of $500.

• The company has imposed very strict conditions on the registrations of clerks.


imposeimpose— — 2) to establish (an additional payment) officially

ExamplesExamples

• A new tax has been imposed on wines and spirits in the United States.

hang onhang on

— — 1) grip sth firmly

ExamplesExamples

• Hang on to the strap; the bus is about to start.


hang onhang on

— — 2) to continue waiting

ExamplesExamples

• Hang on a minute, I’m coming!

• I’m afraid the line is engaged, would you like to hang on?

— — 3) to continue in spite of difficulties

ExamplesExamples

• I know you’re tired, but try to hang on a bit longer.

indispensableindispensable

— — absolutely essentialabsolutely essential

ExamplesExamples

• After years of hard work, she has become quite indispensable to the company.

• A telephone is an indispensable piece of equipment for any office.

at stakeat stake

— — to be won or lost

ExamplesExamples

• This decision, made by the inexperienced manager, has put our company at stake.

• If we lose the contract, hundreds of jobs are at stake.

worshipworship

— — 1) strong usu. religious feelings of love, respect and admiration

ExamplesExamples

• Seeing the coming of the Queen, they bowed their Seeing the coming of the Queen, they bowed their heads in heads in worshipworship..

— — 2) 2) feel love and admiration for (sb/sth) to such an extent that one cannot see his/its faults

ExamplesExamples

• She She worshipedworshiped him so much that she refused to listen him so much that she refused to listen to his critics.to his critics.

talenttalent

— — 1) (instance of) special or very great ability

ExamplesExamples

• Owing to her remarkable talent for drawing, she was Owing to her remarkable talent for drawing, she was accepted by the famous artist as a student of his.accepted by the famous artist as a student of his.


talenttalent

— — 2) people who have a talent

ExamplesExamples

• At this critical moment, the only thing we can do is to pray for the appearance of a talent.

• There was a lack of local talent, so the drama group hired an actor from London.

accomplishaccomplish

— — succeed in doing sth.; complete successfully

ExamplesExamples

• Lazy as she is, she’s accomplished a great deal in the last few weeks.

• Though it is necessary, I don’t feel our visit really accomplished anything.


accomplishment

— — successful completion ； thing achieved

ExamplesExamples

• Being able to play the piano well is one of his many accomplishments.

managementmanagement

— — 1) control and organization (of a business, etc)

ExamplesExamples

• The company’s failure was mainly due to bad management.

• I will take the management course in this university.


managementmanagement

— — 2) the people in charge of a company, industry, etc.

ExamplesExamples

• After a two-week strike, the workers decided to have talks with the management.

• The union has agreed to talk with the senior management.

The inability to “let go” is even more difficult for The inability to “let go” is even more difficult for those who founded their business at a time of those who founded their business at a time of unemployment or family poverty:unemployment or family poverty:

““Let go” here means to follow the law of nature, to Let go” here means to follow the law of nature, to accept reality. The sentence means that those who accept reality. The sentence means that those who have experienced unemployment or poverty would have experienced unemployment or poverty would find more difficult to accept the idea of retirement find more difficult to accept the idea of retirement from their position and their subsequent loss of power.from their position and their subsequent loss of power.

ParaphraseParaphrase

If we open a quarrel between the past and the If we open a quarrel between the past and the present, we shall find that we have lost the future.present, we shall find that we have lost the future.

This famous quotation first appeared in Winston This famous quotation first appeared in Winston Churchill’s speech to the House of Commons -- “Their Churchill’s speech to the House of Commons -- “Their finest hour” on June 18, 1940. At that time, the Germany finest hour” on June 18, 1940. At that time, the Germany Armies broke the French front, and the French troops and Armies broke the French front, and the French troops and the British Expeditionary Force were forced to withdraw at the British Expeditionary Force were forced to withdraw at Dunkirk with great loss. To call for more support of the Dunkirk with great loss. To call for more support of the House of Commons to send the British army to the front House of Commons to send the British army to the front to fight against the enemy, Churchill warned that if they to fight against the enemy, Churchill warned that if they continued to hesitate about the necessity of it, the continued to hesitate about the necessity of it, the country might lose the future.country might lose the future.


For them, the glass is half full, not half empty:For them, the glass is half full, not half empty:

““Half full” and “half empty” are two kinds of outlook Half full” and “half empty” are two kinds of outlook of the world. of the world. ““The glass is half full” means there is still hope, and The glass is half full” means there is still hope, and the world is coming a better, richer place. It is the world is coming a better, richer place. It is optimistic. “The glass is half empty” means we have optimistic. “The glass is half empty” means we have lost half of what we have, and the world is coming to lost half of what we have, and the world is coming to an end. It is pessimistic.an end. It is pessimistic.


I wasn't hanging on because I was indispensable I wasn't hanging on because I was indispensable to the business but because the business was to the business but because the business was indispensable to me.indispensable to me.

I held on to the business firmly not because the I held on to the business firmly not because the business could not go on without me but because I business could not go on without me but because I could not live without the business.could not live without the business.

Words to learn:Words to learn:

hang on indispensableindispensable


Perhaps that is the reason management authority PPerhaps that is the reason management authority Peter Drucker refers to succession planning as a leaeter Drucker refers to succession planning as a leade’s “final test of greatness.”de’s “final test of greatness.”

This is the probable reason that Peter Drucker, the This is the probable reason that Peter Drucker, the management authority, says that succession planning management authority, says that succession planning is the last test of greatness retiring business founders is the last test of greatness retiring business founders and bosses are facing.and bosses are facing.

Words to learn:

management


Content AwarenessContent Awareness

• Read and Choose Read and Choose (Ex. 2)(Ex. 2)

• Read and Think Read and Think (Ex. 3)(Ex. 3)

• Read and Complete (Ex.4) Read and Complete (Ex.4)

Ex. 2Ex. 2 Choose the best answer to each question based on the Choose the best answer to each question based on the information you obtain from the passage.information you obtain from the passage.

1.1. From the passage we can learn that From the passage we can learn that

A) people hold three beliefs preventing them from A) people hold three beliefs preventing them from

retiringretiring

B) the older people get, the more reluctant they are to retireB) the older people get, the more reluctant they are to retire

C) retirement is merely a matter of power transferC) retirement is merely a matter of power transfer

D) all people have to pass the “final test of greatness” before D) all people have to pass the “final test of greatness” before

retirementretirement

1.1. From the passage we can learn that From the passage we can learn that

A) people hold three beliefs preventing them from A) people hold three beliefs preventing them from

retiringretiring

B) the older people get, the more reluctant they are to retireB) the older people get, the more reluctant they are to retire

C) retirement is merely a matter of power transferC) retirement is merely a matter of power transfer

D) all people have to pass the “final test of greatness” before D) all people have to pass the “final test of greatness” before

retirementretirement


2.2. The expression “let go” means ______________.The expression “let go” means ______________.

A) to dismiss the successorA) to dismiss the successor

B) to close the businessB) to close the business

C) to explore another field C) to explore another field

D) to pass the business to the successorD) to pass the business to the successor

2.2. The expression “let go” means ______________.The expression “let go” means ______________.

A) to dismiss the successorA) to dismiss the successor

B) to close the businessB) to close the business

C) to explore another field C) to explore another field

D) to pass the business to the successorD) to pass the business to the successor


3.3. What makes some of the business owners willing to What makes some of the business owners willing to retire? retire?

A) Their family background.A) Their family background.

B) The scale of their business.B) The scale of their business.

C) Their attitude towards retirement.C) Their attitude towards retirement.

D) The ability of their successor.D) The ability of their successor.

3.3. What makes some of the business owners willing to What makes some of the business owners willing to retire? retire?

A) Their family background.A) Their family background.

B) The scale of their business.B) The scale of their business.

C) Their attitude towards retirement.C) Their attitude towards retirement.

D) The ability of their successor.D) The ability of their successor.


4.4. According to the passage, people with the sound attitude to According to the passage, people with the sound attitude to

retirement think that _________.retirement think that _________.

A) old people are bound to restA) old people are bound to rest

B) retirement means new opportunities and new life B) retirement means new opportunities and new life

C) as business owners, they are indispensable to the C) as business owners, they are indispensable to the

businessbusiness

D) their business was bought as part of managementD) their business was bought as part of management

4.4. According to the passage, people with the sound attitude to According to the passage, people with the sound attitude to

retirement think that _________.retirement think that _________.

A) old people are bound to restA) old people are bound to rest

B) retirement means new opportunities and new lifeB) retirement means new opportunities and new life

C) as business owners, they are indispensable to the C) as business owners, they are indispensable to the

businessbusiness

D) their business was bought as part of managementD) their business was bought as part of management

5.5. The author’s purpose of writing this passage is to The author’s purpose of writing this passage is to ..

A) elaborate on the three prevalent beliefs held by those A) elaborate on the three prevalent beliefs held by those

who cannot conclude succession planning who cannot conclude succession planning

B) illustrate the different attitudes toward retirement in B) illustrate the different attitudes toward retirement in

different situations different situations

C) offer some practical tips to those who are not able to C) offer some practical tips to those who are not able to

cope with fear of retirement cope with fear of retirement

D) urge society and the individual to take the retirement D) urge society and the individual to take the retirement

more seriously more seriously

5.5. The author’s purpose of writing this passage is to The author’s purpose of writing this passage is to ..

A) elaborate on the three prevalent beliefs held by those A) elaborate on the three prevalent beliefs held by those

who cannot conclude succession planning who cannot conclude succession planning

B) illustrate the different attitudes toward retirement in B) illustrate the different attitudes toward retirement in

different situations different situations

C) offer some practical tips to those who are not able to C) offer some practical tips to those who are not able to

cope with fear of retirement cope with fear of retirement

D) urge society and the individual to take retirement D) urge society and the individual to take retirement

more seriouslymore seriously


Ex. 3Ex. 3 Answer the following questions with the information you Answer the following questions with the information you obtain from the passage.obtain from the passage.

1.1. What did the 77-year old business founder do after What did the 77-year old business founder do after

retirement?retirement?

He took back control of the firm from his son, who had He took back control of the firm from his son, who had

succeeded him.succeeded him.



2.2. What’s the most important thing for family-business What’s the most important thing for family-business

continuity?continuity?

Entrepreneurial transition.Entrepreneurial transition.



3.3. Why can the business owners who purchased their firms as Why can the business owners who purchased their firms as

part of a management buyout face retirement easily?part of a management buyout face retirement easily?

Because they recognize that CEO’s change but the business Because they recognize that CEO’s change but the business

goes on.goes on.



4.4. What does the expression “the glass is half full, not half What does the expression “the glass is half full, not half

empty” mean?empty” mean?

It is an optimistic attitude to life, implying that the glass is It is an optimistic attitude to life, implying that the glass is

still full, although only half full. The pessimists would say : still full, although only half full. The pessimists would say :

“The glass is half empty.”“The glass is half empty.”



5.5. What’s the “final test of greatness” according to Peter What’s the “final test of greatness” according to Peter

Drucker?Drucker?

Succession planning.Succession planning.


Ex. 4Ex. 4 Complete the summary of the text. The first letter of the Complete the summary of the text. The first letter of the missing word has been given to you,missing word has been given to you,

This article addresses the (1) r__________ of many business This article addresses the (1) r__________ of many business

owners to engage in (2) s__________ planning. It states that there owners to engage in (2) s__________ planning. It states that there

are three main reasons why business owners do not want to retire are three main reasons why business owners do not want to retire

from their business: firstly, a fear of an (3) u__________ future, from their business: firstly, a fear of an (3) u__________ future,

secondly, a fear of (4) f__________ loss, and lastly, a fear of losing secondly, a fear of (4) f__________ loss, and lastly, a fear of losing

their personal (5) i__________. The author states that because of their personal (5) i__________. The author states that because of

these fears, succession planning is often a painful experience for these fears, succession planning is often a painful experience for

both the retiree and the new business owners, involving a great deal both the retiree and the new business owners, involving a great deal

of unnecessary interpersonal (6) c__________ and negative of unnecessary interpersonal (6) c__________ and negative

emotions.emotions.

reluctance

succession

uncertain

financial

identity

conflicts

Ex. 4Ex. 4 Complete the summary of the text. The first letter of the Complete the summary of the text. The first letter of the missing word has been given to you,missing word has been given to you,

The author points out that this can be avoided, and it comes down The author points out that this can be avoided, and it comes down

to the attitude that business owners adopt. Retiring business owners to the attitude that business owners adopt. Retiring business owners

should always (7) r__________ that the business that they are should always (7) r__________ that the business that they are

leaving can continue to operate (8) s__________ without them. leaving can continue to operate (8) s__________ without them.

Furthermore, they should view retirement, not just as the Furthermore, they should view retirement, not just as the

completion of their working life, but rather, as a world of new completion of their working life, but rather, as a world of new

challenges in which new interests and (9) o__________ can be challenges in which new interests and (9) o__________ can be

pursued.pursued.

recognize

successfully

opportunities

Language FocusLanguage Focus

• Vocabulary (Ex. 5) (Ex. 5)

• Phrases (Ex. 6)(Ex. 6)

• Collocation (Ex. 7)Collocation (Ex. 7)

• Read and Translate (Ex. 8)(Ex. 8)

• Read and Simulate (Ex. 9)(Ex. 9)

1.1. Adams took a ____ of jobs which have stood him in good Adams took a ____ of jobs which have stood him in good stead.stead. successionsuccession

acclaim succession impose generate indispensable acclaim succession impose generate indispensable fragile graceful insecurity accomplish prevalentfragile graceful insecurity accomplish prevalent

2.2. Is this eye-disease still ________ among the population Is this eye-disease still ________ among the population here?here? prevalentprevalent

Ex. 5Ex. 5 Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given below. Change the form where necessary.below. Change the form where necessary.

3.3. Older drivers are more likely to be seriously injured Older drivers are more likely to be seriously injured because of their ____ bones.because of their ____ bones. fragilefragile

4.4. The accident in Russia ________ a lot of public interest in The accident in Russia ________ a lot of public interest in nuclear power issues.nuclear power issues. generatedgenerated



5.5. If we’d all work together, I think we could _____our goal.If we’d all work together, I think we could _____our goal.

accomplishaccomplish

6.6. He was still charming, cheerful, and ____ even under He was still charming, cheerful, and ____ even under pressure.pressure.

gracefulgraceful

Ex.5Ex.5 Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given below. Change the form where necessary.below. Change the form where necessary.


7.7. The bank has _______ very strict conditions on the The bank has _______ very strict conditions on the repayment of the loan.repayment of the loan. imposedimposed

8.8. His made-up confident manner is really just a way of His made-up confident manner is really just a way of hiding his feeling of ________.hiding his feeling of ________. insecurityinsecurity



9.9. With the rapid development of the Internet, a computer With the rapid development of the Internet, a computer becomes a(n) ________ piece of equipment for any office.becomes a(n) ________ piece of equipment for any office.

indispensableindispensable

10. Since it was published in the 1970s, the book has received 10. Since it was published in the 1970s, the book has received considerable critical _______.considerable critical _______.

acclaimacclaim



1.1. The tension was naturally high for a game with so much The tension was naturally high for a game with so much ______.______.

at stakeat stake

2.2. She still She still ________________ the belief that her son is alive. the belief that her son is alive.

clings toclings to

Ex. 6Ex. 6 Complete the following sentences with phases or expressions Complete the following sentences with phases or expressions given below. Change the form where necessary. given below. Change the form where necessary.

3.3. I finished my work at five, but I’ll I finished my work at five, but I’ll ____________________ until half until half past five to meet you.past five to meet you. hang onhang on

4.4. After 50 years of successful operation, he After 50 years of successful operation, he ________________ the the business business ________________ to his youngest son. to his youngest son.

turned…overturned…over


5.5. The scientistThe scientist________________ the discovery the discovery ________________ the most the most exciting new development in this field.exciting new development in this field.

referred to…as


Ex. 7 Ex. 7 The following verbs or nouns are taken from the passage. The following verbs or nouns are taken from the passage. Choose the noun or noun phrase that you think collocates Choose the noun or noun phrase that you think collocates with each verb and write them in the blank. If you think more with each verb and write them in the blank. If you think more than one noun or noun phrase is possible, write them both than one noun or noun phrase is possible, write them both down.down.

to face 1. ____________________________a quarrel to engage in 2. ________________________a different outlookto treasure 3. ____________________________a business

to run 4. ____________________________a firmto start 5. ____________________________a decision to found 6. ____________________________peace in lifeto build 7. ____________________________acclaim to open 8. ____________________________retirementto plan 9. _______________________succession planning

to have 10. ___________________________founderto purchaseto maketo provideto worship

VerbsVerbs Nouns Nouns

to open/engage in/start/ a quarrelto open/engage in/start/ a quarrel

Ex. 7 Ex. 7 Collocation Collocation

to worship founderto worship founder

to have/worship a different outlookto have/worship a different outlook to run/found/start/build/to run/found/start/build/

plan/have/engage in a businessplan/have/engage in a business to purchase/run/found/start/build a firmto purchase/run/found/start/build a firm

to make a decisionto make a decision

to provide acclaimto provide acclaim to treasure peace in lifeto treasure peace in life

to face retirementto face retirementto engage in/start/make to engage in/start/make succession planningsuccession planning

Ex.8Ex.8 Translate the following sentences into English.Translate the following sentences into English.

1.1. 虽然他说他为此事做了很多努力，但是他的成功至少部分是虽然他说他为此事做了很多努力，但是他的成功至少部分是由于他运气好。由于他运气好。 (in part(in part ））

the casethe case

due todue to

Although he said he had done a lot for the case, his success Although he said he had done a lot for the case, his success was at least in part due to luck.was at least in part due to luck.

Ex. 8Ex. 8 Translate the following sentences into English.Translate the following sentences into English.

2. 将要讨论的议题非常关键，因为它将决定很多人的未来。 (i

ssue)

criticalcritical

determinedetermine

The issue to be discussed is critical, because it will determine The issue to be discussed is critical, because it will determine the future of many people.the future of many people.


3. 我将尽量避免将我的观点强加于别人。 (impose … on)

try my best to avoidtry my best to avoid

I’ll try my best to avoid imposing my ideas on others.I’ll try my best to avoid imposing my ideas on others.


4. 在那种情况下，很少有人能够正视自己性格上的缺点。 (rar

ely, face up to)

the defects in their the defects in their own charactersown charactersin such a situationin such a situation

Rarely can people face up to the defects in their own Rarely can people face up to the defects in their own characters in such a situation.characters in such a situation.


5. 大学生活被称为人的一生中最美丽的阶段。 ( refer to… as)

College life is referred to as the most beautiful period of one’s life.College life is referred to as the most beautiful period of one’s life.

Ex. 9Ex. 9 Read the following sentences carefully, and then make your Read the following sentences carefully, and then make your own sentences using the patterns in red.own sentences using the patterns in red.

1. 1. If an executive has If an executive has notnot quite achieved what quite achieved what hehe had hoped, had hoped, he often wants the opportunity to stay in the game. he often wants the opportunity to stay in the game. Rather Rather than a graceful transitionthan a graceful transition, the succession process can , the succession process can become a war.become a war.

If a leader does If a leader does notnot want to _____________________, want to _____________________, hehe often refuses to_______________________________. often refuses to_______________________________. Rather than a graceful transitionRather than a graceful transition, a combat , a combat _________________._________________.

ReferenceReference If a leader doesn’t want toIf a leader doesn’t want to lose his power, lose his power, he often refuses tohe often refuses to

retire from his position. retire from his position. Rather than a graceful transition, a Rather than a graceful transition, a combatcombat would break out between him and his potential would break out between him and his potential successors.successors.


2.2. The inability toThe inability to “let go” “let go” is even more difficult for those whois even more difficult for those who founded their businesses at a time of unemployment or founded their businesses at a time of unemployment or family poverty.family poverty.

The inability toThe inability to _________ _________ is even more difficult for those is even more difficult for those whowho __________________________________________. __________________________________________.

Reference:Reference: The inability toThe inability to get up-to-date information get up-to-date information is even more is even more

difficult for those whodifficult for those who have no idea of the Internet. have no idea of the Internet.


3.3. Because Because entrepreneurial succession entrepreneurial succession is perhaps the most is perhaps the most critical issue forcritical issue for family business continuity, family business continuity, we are keenly we are keenly interested ininterested in the makeup and background of those who do. the makeup and background of those who do.

Because Because ________________________________ is perhaps the most critical is perhaps the most critical issue for issue for _______________,_______________, we are keenly interested in we are keenly interested in ___________________________________________.___________________________________________.

Reference:Reference: BecauseBecause language communication language communication is perhaps the is perhaps the

most critical issue formost critical issue for the communicative competence, the communicative competence, we are keenly interested inwe are keenly interested in the process of language the process of language learning.learning.


4.4. Jealousy or insecurities Jealousy or insecurities relating torelating to declining power declining power generategenerate interpersonal conflicts interpersonal conflicts thatthat spoil succession spoil succession planning planning or evenor even the performance of potential successors. the performance of potential successors._______________________ _______________________ relating torelating to ___________ ___________ generate (s)generate (s) ____________________________ that that _____________________ _____________________ or evenor even _________________________________._________________________________.

Reference:Reference: Disappointment Disappointment relating torelating to college education college education

generates generates unwillingness to study among students unwillingness to study among students thatthat made teachers feel difficult to assign any homework made teachers feel difficult to assign any homework or or eveneven manage their class. manage their class.


5.5. I wasn’t hanging on because I was indispensable to the I wasn’t hanging on because I was indispensable to the business but because the business was indispensable to me.business but because the business was indispensable to me.

I wasn’t hanging on because I wasn’t hanging on because __________________________________________but but because because ________________________________.________________________________.

Reference:Reference: I wasn’t hanging on becauseI wasn’t hanging on because I didn’t like it I didn’t like it butbut because I because I liked it too much.liked it too much.

Ex. 10Ex. 10

The world changes so fast that often people may feel uncertain ab

out the future. While some people have an optimistic view, others h

ave a pessimistic view of the future. Now work in pairs to discuss o

r debate the topic: “Optimistic vs. Pessimistic View of the Future.”

Suppose you have an optimistic view about the future. You think p

eople will enjoy greater benefits from the advancement of technolo

gy. However your friend, Josh has a pessimistic outlook of the futu

re. Debate the topic with him.

ReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceTipsTipsTipsTips

Tips:Tips:

Words and phrases likely to be usedPessimistic

Destructive

Perspective

the demise of the world

a fatalistic mindset

life-expectancy

longevity

Tips:Tips:

Sentence patterns likely to be usedI’m not sure that…

Why do you have a negative view …?

Given the current rate of technological advance, I think the world will ….

I believe…

If … , then…


Liu Ming: In fifty years, where do you think the world will be, Josh?

Josh: I’m not sure that you want to hear my opinion, Liu Ming. I have a fairly pessimistic outlook on the future.

Li Ming: No, I do want to hear what you are going to say. Why do you have a negative view of the future?

Josh: I think that man is destructive by nature, and technology has created the capacity for greater destruction; therefore, man coupled with technology will lead to the demise of the world.

Liu Ming: That’s quite a fatalistic mindset, don’t you think so?


Josh: Given man’s track-record, I don’t think so. Do you have a more optimistic view of life and the future?

Liu Ming: Yeah. I think that in the last fifty years, life has become easier. Given the current rate of technological advance, I think the world will be much more comfortable in fifty years. Mark my words: in the next fifty years, there will be a cure for cancer, leukemia, and AIDS, and the average life-expectancy of people in developed countries will reach eighty years.

Josh: Do you really believe that man’s longevity is the cause for an optimistic outlook on the future? I really believe that people will cause the world’s destruction through war and famine.


Liu Ming: I believe that people will ultimately work for the good of all people. Let’s work to create change in the world, Josh. If the two of us pursue cooperation and peace, and if we respect our neighbors, then the world will be a better than it is.

Josh: Sounds good, Liu Ming. But can we change the world through our words?

Write a short passage of 120 words or so on the topic Write a short passage of 120 words or so on the topic “Life “Life after Retirement”after Retirement” telling about the retirement life of a telling about the retirement life of a relative or someone you know quite well. You may begin relative or someone you know quite well. You may begin your writing with the sentence: your writing with the sentence: “The moment means the “The moment means the beginning of a new life for …”.beginning of a new life for …”. You can also write your You can also write your own beginning sentence.own beginning sentence.

ReferenceReferenceReferenceReference

Life after RetirementLife after RetirementThe moment of retirement will mean the beginning of a new The moment of retirement will mean the beginning of a new

life for Old Jack. From the age of 16 to 60, he kept working very life for Old Jack. From the age of 16 to 60, he kept working very hard. Work and study, family and society were what he focused hard. Work and study, family and society were what he focused on. Now, in retirement, he wants to have a life of his own. The on. Now, in retirement, he wants to have a life of his own. The first thing he wants to do is to travel around the world, to visit first thing he wants to do is to travel around the world, to visit the African wildlife, to appreciate the glorious Western and the African wildlife, to appreciate the glorious Western and Oriental culture and to go to every corner of the world he has Oriental culture and to go to every corner of the world he has ever dreamed of. Then, he will find a beautiful quiet place, and ever dreamed of. Then, he will find a beautiful quiet place, and write. He will write about his own world. Maybe, he will not write. He will write about his own world. Maybe, he will not publish it, and he will simply write for fun. Of course, family life publish it, and he will simply write for fun. Of course, family life will remain important for him. Every week, when his family will remain important for him. Every week, when his family gathers together, they will share their happiness and solve their gathers together, they will share their happiness and solve their problems together. Life after retirement means much more time problems together. Life after retirement means much more time for him, and he will enjoy every minute of it.for him, and he will enjoy every minute of it.

Passage BPassage B

• Think About ItThink About It

• Read About ItRead About It

Before reading Passage B, try to describe the following Before reading Passage B, try to describe the following pictures to your classmates.pictures to your classmates.

1.1. Where do you think the old people’s pensions mainly Where do you think the old people’s pensions mainly come from?come from?

It mainly comes from the taxes paid by the people It mainly comes from the taxes paid by the people who work.who work.


2.2. What would happen to pensions if we had fewer people in What would happen to pensions if we had fewer people in the next generation?the next generation?

It would make it more difficult for the next It would make it more difficult for the next generation to provide pension for the old.generation to provide pension for the old.


3.3. What should we do now to maintain our standard of What should we do now to maintain our standard of living after retirement?living after retirement?

We should save money for our future when we are We should save money for our future when we are retired, and the retiring pension system is a kind of retired, and the retiring pension system is a kind of social savings for this.social savings for this.


Try to find implied main idea of the passage.Try to find implied main idea of the passage.

Read About ItRead About It

• Language Points

• Content AwarenessContent Awareness

• Language Focus

• Reading Skill Practice

• Translating Skill Practice

Many Baby Boomers Are Worried About Prospects for Retirement

When Elizabeth Buras’ father retires four years from now after 30 years with a lift repair company, he’ll receive monthly checks from his company’s pension plan and Social Security. He’ll also receive income from

But the way Buras sees it, when retirement rolls around for her husband, a 35-year-old manager at a Houston computer consulting company, there’s just going to be the money they’ve been socking away in their 401(k)s every month and whatever other personal savings they’ve scraped together by then.

his company’s 401(k) retirement plan and from his own investments.

“A pension? I don’t think so. Social Security? That’s

anybody’s guess,” says 32-year-old Buras, a stay-at-home mom. “I

guess we’re on our own.”

She’s probably right. For Americans born in 1935, the year

Social Security began, the average life expectancy was just 63 years.

By the time Buras and her husband were born, life expectancy had

jumped to 70 years. A lot more people are making it to retirement age

and beyond, and that’s expensive both for the government and for

employers who are anxious to cut costs.

Unfortunately, a lot of future retirees haven’t been paying

attention — or they haven't started doing anything about it.

Even though members of the older generation could look

forward to more help with retirement and had lower expectations

about maintaining their standard of living after retirement, they also

tended to be more concerned about staying out of debt and saving as

much money as possible, says Michael Booker, a certified financial planner with Financial Synergies Asset Management in Houston.

The Depression had a profound effect on that generation.

“

When it comes to the future, many people today have this bulletproof mentality,” says Booker. “That’s scary.”

Financial planners say what today’s workers need to

understand — what they may know intellectually but what hasn’t truly sunk in yet — is that they can’t count on anyone but themselves to pay for their retirement.

The most obvious reason is that Social Security, which averages $745 a month for today’s retirees and accounts for 42 percent of their income, may not be there for all of tomorrow's retirees.

A lot of people think that the 6.2 percent siphoned from their paychecks into Social Security coffers will be held for them and returned when they're ready to retire.

Not so. Their taxes go to today’s retirees. When it’s time for today’s

workers to collect their own gold pocket watches, they'll have to rely on taxes paid by those still on the job.

Unfortunately, the first of the baby boomers are just a decade away from retirement, and the United States isn’t churning out as many workers as it used to.

Although Social Security currently has a surplus because of the baby boomers’ contributions, a crisis may be looming. According to the Social Security Administration, the number of Americans over 65 will double between 1990 and 2030, while the working-age population will grow only 25 percent.

That means there will be just two workers for every retiree, compared with 3.3 workers today. And many experts say that's optimistic.

Another major source of income for today’s future retirees is also evaporating: Employers aren't taking as much responsibility for their employees’ retirement as they used to.

More than twice as many employers offered pension plans in 1984 as in 1995, according to a survey by Watson Wyatt Worldwide, a pension consulting firm.

Smaller companies have dropped pension plans as costs have risen, says Chuck Bardwell at Watson Wyatt's Houston office, and even the larger companies’ pension benefits aren’t as rich as they used to be.

On the flip side, employees aren’t as willing to stick around long enough to qualify for a satisfactory pension. They may fear getting laid off or they may just be restless.

“Life is moving so fast, with the modern couple spending so much of their time on work and raising their children, that they often don’t look up until they’re 50. By then it can be too late,” says Booker.

It’s a point that is not lost on Ken Buras.

“We’re cognizant of what we need to be doing, but I don’t think we’ve aggressively pursued it enough,” admits Buras, who neither saves the maximum amount allowed in his 401(k) nor sets aside any money for other savings from his paycheck.

For the Burases, the big worry is saving enough money to put their 6-year-old child through college someday.

“We’re more still looking 10 years ahead instead of 30 years ahead,” says Elizabeth Buras. “I know that's not good, but that’s the way we think.”

White, a financial planner, says she has these simple words of advice for clients who don’t take the long view: “If you don’t send anything ahead, you won’t have anything when you get there.”

(826 words)

monthlymonthly adj. adj.

— — 1)1) done, happening once a moth or every monthdone, happening once a moth or every month

ExampleExample

• The The monthlymonthly meeting of the company will be cancelled meeting of the company will be cancelled because of the accident.because of the accident.

—— 2) payable, valid or calculated for one month2) payable, valid or calculated for one month

ExampleExample

• He gets a monthly income of $8 000, which makes him lead a comfortable life in the small countryside.

invest invest v.v.

— — use (money) to buy shares, property, etc., in order to use (money) to buy shares, property, etc., in order to earn interest or bring profitearn interest or bring profit

ExampleExample

• Your bank manager has the duty to advise you where Your bank manager has the duty to advise you where to to investinvest your money. your money.

• He invested one million dollars in an oil company last year, which made him a big profit.


investmentinvestment

— — investing of moneyinvesting of money

ExampleExample

• He sold off all his investments in South America because he desperately needed money for his children’s education.

• The government is trying to attract more investment into the shipbuilding industry.

scrape togetherscrape together

— — gather (a total, esp. of money) with difficulty by gather (a total, esp. of money) with difficulty by putting small amounts togetherputting small amounts together

ExamplesExamples

• If we want to rent a big apartment in the capital city, If we want to rent a big apartment in the capital city, we must we must scrape togetherscrape together enough to pay the deposit. enough to pay the deposit.

• With the help of this advertisement company, we With the help of this advertisement company, we scraped togetherscraped together an audience of fifty thousand for the an audience of fifty thousand for the play.play.

certifycertify v.v.

— — to declare that (sth) is correct or true, esp. after some to declare that (sth) is correct or true, esp. after some kind of testkind of test

ExamplesExamples

• I I certifycertify that I witnessed the signing of this document. that I witnessed the signing of this document.

• The doctor agreed toThe doctor agreed to certify certify that the prisoner is that the prisoner is insane, though he doesn’t like him.insane, though he doesn’t like him.


certified certified

— — being officially declaredbeing officially declared

ExamplesExamples

• Since it is a very important case, I will send it to you Since it is a very important case, I will send it to you by by certifiedcertified mail. mail.

sink insink in

— — 1) of words, etc be fully understood1) of words, etc be fully understood

ExampleExample

• The news was such a shock; it still hasn’t really sunk in yet.

• The scale of the tragedy gradually sank in.


sink insink in

— — 2) enter a solid through the surface2) enter a solid through the surface

ExampleExample

• If the ink If the ink sinks insinks in it’ll be hard to remove the mark it’ll be hard to remove the mark from the cloth.from the cloth.

count oncount on

— — 1) rely on sb./sth. with confidence1) rely on sb./sth. with confidence

ExamplesExamples

• Whenever we need help, she can always be Whenever we need help, she can always be counted oncounted on for support.for support.

• According to the weather forecast, you can’t According to the weather forecast, you can’t account account onon the weather being fine tomorrow. the weather being fine tomorrow.


count oncount on

— — 2) expect; take into account

ExamplesExamples

• From his reaction to your requirement, I am sure that From his reaction to your requirement, I am sure that you can’t you can’t count oncount on John arriving so early. John arriving so early.

account foraccount for

— — be the explanation of sth..be the explanation of sth..

ExamplesExamples

• The defendant couldn’t The defendant couldn’t account foraccount for the fact that the the fact that the money was found in his house.money was found in his house.

• How do you How do you account foraccount for losing five games in such a losing five games in such a short period of time?short period of time?

churn sth outchurn sth out

— — produce sth (usu. of bad quality) in large qualityproduce sth (usu. of bad quality) in large quality

ExampleExample

• She has She has churned outchurned out 15 romantic stories in recent 15 romantic stories in recent years, though she has never been in love.years, though she has never been in love.

• Without any experiments or practice, how can you Without any experiments or practice, how can you churn outchurn out so many papers? so many papers?

flipflip

— — 1) quick light blow or movement, esp. one that tosses 1) quick light blow or movement, esp. one that tosses sth.sth.

ExamplesExamples

• They They flippedflipped a coin to decide who would go first. a coin to decide who would go first.


2) become very angry, excited or enthusiastic2) become very angry, excited or enthusiastic

ExamplesExamples

• My mother really My mother really flippedflipped when I told her I was going when I told her I was going married.married.

flip sideflip side

— — side of record, the side that does not have the main side of record, the side that does not have the main song on it.song on it.

on the flip sideon the flip side

——on the other handon the other hand

ExampleExample

• It is not really a good idea to retire so early, but It is not really a good idea to retire so early, but on the on the flip sideflip side, you may have more spare time to enjoy the , you may have more spare time to enjoy the life.life.

lay sb. offlay sb. off

— — 1) dismiss (workers), usu for a short time1) dismiss (workers), usu for a short time

ExamplesExamples

• During the recession he During the recession he laid us offlaid us off for three months, for three months, though he didn’t want to.though he didn’t want to.

• They were They were laid offlaid off because of the lack of new orders. because of the lack of new orders.


lay sb. offlay sb. off

— — 2) stop doing or using sth harmful etc

ExamplesExamples

• I’ve smoked cigarettes for years, but now I’m going to I’ve smoked cigarettes for years, but now I’m going to lay it offlay it off..

• You must You must lay offlay off alcohol for a while; otherwise you will alcohol for a while; otherwise you will get a stomach cancer.get a stomach cancer.

aggressiveaggressive

— — 1) offensive1) offensive

ExampleExample

• This country is regarded as an This country is regarded as an aggressiveaggressive nation which nation which threatens world peace.threatens world peace.

—— 2) forceful

ExampleExample

• A good salesman must be A good salesman must be aggressiveaggressive if he wants to if he wants to succeed in the market exploration.succeed in the market exploration.

maximummaximum

— — greatest amount, size, intensity, etc possible or greatest amount, size, intensity, etc possible or recordedrecorded

ExampleExample

• The living room of his new apartment holds a The living room of his new apartment holds a maximummaximum of thirty people. of thirty people.

• What’s the What’s the maximummaximum amount of wine you’re allowed amount of wine you’re allowed to take through customs duty-free?to take through customs duty-free?

set asideset aside

— — save or keep (money or time) for a particular purposesave or keep (money or time) for a particular purpose

ExamplesExamples

• She decided to She decided to set asideset aside a little money each week for a little money each week for her son to study abroad.her son to study abroad.

• I have told you that I would I have told you that I would set asideset aside some time to visit some time to visit you.you.

But the way Buras sees it, when retirement rolls But the way Buras sees it, when retirement rolls around for her husband, …, there’s just going to be around for her husband, …, there’s just going to be the money they’ve been socking away in their the money they’ve been socking away in their 401(k)s every month and whatever other personal 401(k)s every month and whatever other personal savings they’ve scraped together by then.savings they’ve scraped together by then.

Buras understands that when her husband comes to Buras understands that when her husband comes to the age of retirement, …the money they can get are the age of retirement, …the money they can get are only those they paid to the 401(k)s and the savings of only those they paid to the 401(k)s and the savings of their own by then.their own by then.


scraped togetherscraped together


The Depression had a profound effect on that The Depression had a profound effect on that generation.generation.

The Depression refers to the worst and longest The Depression refers to the worst and longest economic collapse in the history of the modern economic collapse in the history of the modern industrial world, lasting from the end of 1929 until the industrial world, lasting from the end of 1929 until the early 1940s, which had a deep effect on the generation early 1940s, which had a deep effect on the generation of that time.of that time.


……when it comes to the future, many people today when it comes to the future, many people today have this bulletproof mentalityhave this bulletproof mentality

As to the future, many people today don’t worry or As to the future, many people today don’t worry or care about it.care about it.


What they may know intellectually but what hasn’t What they may know intellectually but what hasn’t truly sunk in yet truly sunk in yet —— is that they can’t count on is that they can’t count on anyone but themselves to pay for their retirement.anyone but themselves to pay for their retirement.

The baby-boomers intellectually know but haven’t yet The baby-boomers intellectually know but haven’t yet completely accepted the fact that they cannot depend completely accepted the fact that they cannot depend on anyone else but themselves for their retirement.on anyone else but themselves for their retirement.


sunk insunk in count on


……and the United States isn’t churning out as many and the United States isn’t churning out as many workers as it used to.workers as it used to.

……there are not enough workers to support the retirees there are not enough workers to support the retirees as there used to be in the United States.as there used to be in the United States.


churning outchurning out


……, with the modern couple spending so much of , with the modern couple spending so much of their time with work and raising their children, that their time with work and raising their children, that they often don’t look up until they’re 50.they often don’t look up until they’re 50.

The modern couple devote themselves to their work The modern couple devote themselves to their work and family so greatly that they even don’t realize the and family so greatly that they even don’t realize the severe situation they may face after retirement until severe situation they may face after retirement until they are 50 years old.they are 50 years old.


If you don’t send anything ahead, you won’t have If you don’t send anything ahead, you won’t have anything when you get there.anything when you get there.

If you don’t make any preparation for your future life, If you don’t make any preparation for your future life, you may find that you have nothing to depend on when you may find that you have nothing to depend on when it is time for you to retire.it is time for you to retire.


Content AwarenessContent Awareness

• Read and Think Read and Think (Ex. 12)(Ex. 12)

• Read and Complete Read and Complete (Ex. 13)(Ex. 13)

1. According to some experts, there will be ______ to support 1. According to some experts, there will be ______ to support every future retiree.every future retiree.

A) 2 workersA) 2 workers B) less than 2 workersB) less than 2 workers C) 3.3 workersC) 3.3 workers D) more than 3.3 workersD) more than 3.3 workers

1. According to some experts, there will be ______ to support 1. According to some experts, there will be ______ to support every future retiree.every future retiree.

A) 2 workersA) 2 workers B) less than 2 workersB) less than 2 workers C) 3.3 workersC) 3.3 workers D) more than 3.3 workersD) more than 3.3 workers

Ex. 12 Fill the blanks below with the information from Passage B.

2. According to the author, the social security of today’s retirees 2. According to the author, the social security of today’s retirees is from ________.is from ________.

A) the taxes they paidA) the taxes they paid

B) the taxes current employees paidB) the taxes current employees paid

C) the government investment C) the government investment

D) their own investmentD) their own investment

2. According to the author, the social security of today’s retirees 2. According to the author, the social security of today’s retirees is from ________.is from ________.

A) the taxes they paidA) the taxes they paid

B) the taxes current employees paidB) the taxes current employees paid

C) the government investment C) the government investment

D) their own investmentD) their own investment


3. Baby boomers can’t depend on social security after 3. Baby boomers can’t depend on social security after retirement because ______.retirement because ______.

A) the world economy is going into depressionA) the world economy is going into depression

B) they didn’t save up enough themselvesB) they didn’t save up enough themselves

C) there will not be enough workers to support themC) there will not be enough workers to support them

D) the government won’t take the responsibilityD) the government won’t take the responsibility

3. Baby boomers can’t depend on social security after 3. Baby boomers can’t depend on social security after retirement because ______.retirement because ______.

A) the world economy is going into depressionA) the world economy is going into depression

B) they didn’t save up enough themselvesB) they didn’t save up enough themselves

C) there will not be enough workers to support themC) there will not be enough workers to support them

D) the government won’t take the responsibilityD) the government won’t take the responsibility


4.According to the author, _______ should take the 4.According to the author, _______ should take the responsibility of supporting themselves in their retirement responsibility of supporting themselves in their retirement life.life.

A) baby boomersA) baby boomers B) the governmentB) the government

C) companiesC) companies D) future workers D) future workers

4.According to the author, _______ should take the 4.According to the author, _______ should take the responsibility of supporting themselves in their retirement responsibility of supporting themselves in their retirement life.life.

A) baby boomersA) baby boomers B) the governmentB) the government

C) companiesC) companies D) future workers D) future workers


5. The purpose of this passage is __________.5. The purpose of this passage is __________.

A) to appeal to the government for the scary situation the A) to appeal to the government for the scary situation the future retirees facefuture retirees face

B) to criticize the employers’ unwillingness to provide B) to criticize the employers’ unwillingness to provide enough pensions for future retireesenough pensions for future retirees

C) C) to compare the retirement life between present to compare the retirement life between present and and future retireesfuture retirees

D) D) to remind the baby boomers to get prepared for to remind the baby boomers to get prepared for their their future retirementfuture retirement


5. The purpose of this passage is __________.5. The purpose of this passage is __________.

A) to appeal to the government for the scary situation the A) to appeal to the government for the scary situation the future retirees facefuture retirees face

B) to criticize the employers’ unwillingness to provide B) to criticize the employers’ unwillingness to provide enough pensions for future retireesenough pensions for future retirees

C) C) to compare the retirement life between present to compare the retirement life between present and and future retireesfuture retirees

D) D) to remind the baby boomers to get prepared for to remind the baby boomers to get prepared for their their future retirementfuture retirement

Ex. 13 Read the passage again and finish the outline with information from the passage.

Facing the Fear of RetirementFacing the Fear of Retirement

I. Different sources of income for retirementI. Different sources of income for retirement A) Old generation: company’s pension plan; A) Old generation: company’s pension plan; ______(1)_____;______(1)_____;

________(2)_________;________(2)_________; _______(3)________. _______(3)________. B) Baby boomers: B) Baby boomers: _______(4)_______________(4)________; personal savings; personal savings

II. II. _______(5)_____________(5)______ toward retirement plan and reasons. toward retirement plan and reasons. A) Old generation: A) Old generation: _____(6)___________(6)______attitudeattitude

Reason: depression’s profound effectReason: depression’s profound effect B) Baby boomers: passive attitudeB) Baby boomers: passive attitude

Reason: belief of Social Security returnReason: belief of Social Security return


III. Unpleasant situations the retiring baby boomers will faceIII. Unpleasant situations the retiring baby boomers will face 1) 1) _______(7)______________(7)_______ will support more retirees in future. will support more retirees in future. 2) Employers aren’t taking as 2) Employers aren’t taking as

___________________(8)_______________________________________(8)____________________ as they used to. as they used to. 3) Employees aren’t as willing to stick around long enough to 3) Employees aren’t as willing to stick around long enough to

__________(9)____________________(9)__________..IV. Expert’s suggestionsIV. Expert’s suggestions If you If you _____________(10)____________________________(10)_______________, you won’t have , you won’t have

anything when you get there.anything when you get there.


Facing the Fear of RetirementFacing the Fear of Retirement

I. Different sources of income for retirementI. Different sources of income for retirement A) Old generation: company’s pension plan; A) Old generation: company’s pension plan; _____________;_____________;

__________________________;__________________________; _____________________. _____________________. B) Baby boomers: B) Baby boomers: ____________________________________; personal savings; personal savings

II. II. ________________________________ toward retirement plan and reasons. toward retirement plan and reasons. A) Old generation: A) Old generation: ____________________________attitudeattitude

Reason: depression’s profound effectReason: depression’s profound effect B) Baby boomers: passive attitudeB) Baby boomers: passive attitude

Reason: belief of Social Security returnReason: belief of Social Security return

Social Securitycompany’s 401 (k) retirement their investment

company’s 401 (k)

Different attitudes Positive


III. Unpleasant situations the retiring baby boomers will faceIII. Unpleasant situations the retiring baby boomers will face 1) 1) __________________________________________ will support more retirees in future. will support more retirees in future. 2) Employers aren’t taking as 2) Employers aren’t taking as

__________________________________________________________________________________________ as they as they used to.used to.

3) Employees aren’t as willing to stick around long enough to 3) Employees aren’t as willing to stick around long enough to ______________________________________________________..

IV. Expert’s suggestionsIV. Expert’s suggestions If you If you ________________________________________________________________, you won’t have , you won’t have

anything when you get there.anything when you get there.

Less working people

much responsibility for their employees’ retirement

qualify for a decent pension

don’t send anything ahead

Language FocusLanguage Focus

• Vocabulary (Ex. 14) (Ex. 14)

• Phrases (Ex. 15)(Ex. 15)

• Synonyms and antonyms (Ex. 16)Synonyms and antonyms (Ex. 16)

• Translation (Ex. 17)(Ex. 17)

1. 1. The National Election Council is supposed to ____ the The National Election Council is supposed to ____ the results of the election.results of the election. certify

certify consult monthly maintain benefit certify consult monthly maintain benefit Survey restless aggressively evaporate maximumSurvey restless aggressively evaporate maximum

2.2. Why was I not Why was I not ______________ before you made the decision? before you made the decision?

consulted

Ex. 14Ex. 14 Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Make Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Make changes where necessary.changes where necessary.

3.3. Many people are now having trouble making their ____ Many people are now having trouble making their ____ house payments.house payments.

monthly

4.4. He took the lead, and He took the lead, and ________________ it until the end of the race. it until the end of the race.

maintained



5.5. Though you are entitled to unemployment Though you are entitled to unemployment ________________, it , it doesn’t mean that you needn’t go out to hunt for a job.doesn’t mean that you needn’t go out to hunt for a job.

benefits

6.6. If you carry out a If you carry out a ________________ of the current state of our of the current state of our industry, it’s pretty discouraging.industry, it’s pretty discouraging.

survey



7.7. After listening to his long and boring lecture about After listening to his long and boring lecture about philosophy, most of the audience became philosophy, most of the audience became ________________..

restless

8.8. A good salesman must be A good salesman must be ________________ if he wants to succeed. if he wants to succeed.

aggressive



9.9. The rainwater in the street soon______in the warm sunshinThe rainwater in the street soon______in the warm sunshine.e. evaporated

10.10. It was achieved with minimum fuss and _____ efficiency.It was achieved with minimum fuss and _____ efficiency.

maximum



1.1. A new flat is really a heavy burden to the young, and they A new flat is really a heavy burden to the young, and they have to have to ____________________every extra penny they have.every extra penny they have.

scrap together

2.2. The news that he was murdered by his beloved wife was The news that he was murdered by his beloved wife was such a shock that it still hasn’t really such a shock that it still hasn’t really ________________yet.yet. sunk in

Ex. 15Ex. 15 Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions from the passage. Make changes where necessary.from the passage. Make changes where necessary.

3.3. If you know him a little, you can’t If you know him a little, you can’t ____________________ him to come him to come in time.in time.

count on

4.4. The defendant couldn’t The defendant couldn’t ______________________ the fact that the the fact that the money was found in his house.money was found in his house.

account for


5.5. During the Depression, millions of workers were During the Depression, millions of workers were ____________________ because of the lack of new orders. because of the lack of new orders.

laid off


Ex. 16 The following words occur in this passage. Find 6 pairs of Ex. 16 The following words occur in this passage. Find 6 pairs of near synonyms and 7 pairs of near antonyms.near synonyms and 7 pairs of near antonyms.

to sink in to count on investment war to be understood to rely oncombat attitude to set aside outlook to scrape together to drop to spend to offer income to churn out paycheck to save

Synonyms

• _________ is similar in meaning to _______________. • _________ is similar in meaning to _______________.• _________ is similar in meaning to _______________.• _________ is similar in meaning to _______________.• _________ is similar in meaning to _______________.

To sink in to be understood

to rely onTo count on

combat To set aside WarAttitude

to scrape together

outlook

Antonyms• __________is nearly opposite in meaning to ____________.• __________is nearly opposite in meaning to ____________.• __________is nearly opposite in meaning to ____________.

Investment

Save

Offer

income

spend

drop

Ex. 16 The following words occur in this passage. Find 6 pairs of Ex. 16 The following words occur in this passage. Find 6 pairs of near synonyms and 7 pairs of near antonyms.near synonyms and 7 pairs of near antonyms.

to sink in to count on investment war to be understood to rely oncombat attitude to set aside outlook to save to scrape together to drop to spend to offer income to churn out paycheck


1. 总的来讲，他是一个很有学问的人，尤其是在数学领域。但当涉及到政治时他就什么也不知道了。 (when it comes to…)

generally speaking

especially in the field of mathematic science

Generally speaking he is quite learned, especially in the field of mathematics. However, when it comes to politics, he knows nothing.


2. 从他们对 1000 名没上过大学的工人进行的调查结果来看，高考的失利对他们的生活有着很深远的影响。 (profound)

According to the surveyhad a profound effect on

According to the survey they made of the 1000 workers who missed out on the chance to go to university, the failure in the college entrance examinations had a profound effect on their later life.

，


3. 由于成本的提高，雇主们拒绝为雇员支付退休金。另一方面，雇员们也不愿意一辈子待在一家公司。 (on the flip side)

owing to the cost rise

Owing to the cost rise, employers refuse to pay the retirement pension for their employees. On the flip side, employees are unwilling to stay in the same company for their whole lives.


4. 既然你已经告诉我谁应该对此事负责，我就不再作进一步追查了。 (pursue)

take the responsibility for the matter

Since you have told me who should take the responsibility for the matter, I will not pursue any further.


5. 即使是在最忙的季节，我也要每天尽量腾出半小时时间锻炼身体。 (set aside)

even in the busiest season

I will try to set aside half an hour each day to do some exercise even in the busiest season.

Reading Skill Practice Reading Skill Practice

Identifying Implied Main Ideas in ParagraphsIdentifying Implied Main Ideas in Paragraphs

Identifying both stated and implied main ideas as part of developing block of related information begins with asking the two vital questions: “ What is the topic of the paragraph? ” and “ What does the author want me to know about that topic? ” Sometimes, however, when you express the answer to the second question in your own words, you may not find a sentence in the paragraph that is similar to your answer. In this instance, you are probably dealing with an implied idea.



In a paragraph that has an implied main idea, the author indirectly suggests or hints at what you need to know about the topic of the paragraph by giving details that point to a main idea rather than directly stating one. In such cases, you must read the details very carefully and look in the sentences that make up the paragraph for a common idea about the topic that links together.



For example:Direct marketing today occurs either in the form of a direct

response, which requires a salesperson to complete the sale, or by direct order, which is a sale made without a personal sales call. More broadly, direct marketing is the selling of products without a shop, as with Avon. com or Amway. com products. Telemarketing, catalog shopping, personalized mailings, and trial offers are all ways to conduct direct marketing.


Exercises

What is the topic of the paragraph?__________________ What does the author want you to know about direct marketing?IMPLIED MAIN IDEA:___________________________________________________________

Direct marketing

Direct marketing is the way online companies often conduct their business

Ex. 18Ex. 18 Read the following two paragraphs carefully and Read the following two paragraphs carefully and answer the questions below.answer the questions below.

Paragraph 1The limited partnership is comprised of two types

of partners: the general partner and the limited partner. The general partner is responsible for the day-to-day management of the business and, as in a regular partnership, has unlimited personal liability for any debt or legal actions against the partnership. In most states, the general partner may be an individual or a corporation. Depending on the partnership agreement, withdrawal of the general partner may cause the partnership to dissolve.

Ex. 18Ex. 18 Read the following two paragraphs carefully and Read the following two paragraphs carefully and answer the questions below.answer the questions below.Paragraph 1

What is the topic of the paragraph?_________________________________________ What does the author want you to know about limited partnership?IMPLIED MAIN IDEA: ______________________________________________________________

referencereferencereferencereference


Paragraph 1

What is the topic of the paragraph?General partners What does the author want you to know about limited partnership?IMPLIED MAIN IDEA: The importance of the general partner in a limited partnership.


Paragraph 2

Morale is the attitude of each individual in a group toward the group’s purposes and goals. It is always present in some form although it may change from time to time. People are more adept to notice morale when it is conspicuously high or low. High morale develops over a long time, is difficult to maintain, and often is taken for granted. If morale is low, sometimes little is else noticed.

Ex. 18Ex. 18 Read the following two paragraphs carefully and Read the following two paragraphs carefully and answer the questions below.answer the questions below.Paragraph 2

What is the topic of the paragraph?_________________________________________ What does the author want you to know about limited partnership?IMPLIED MAIN IDEA: ______________________________________________________________

referencereferencereferencereference


Paragraph 2

What is the topic of the paragraph? Morale What does the author want you to know about limited partnership?IMPLIED MAIN IDEA: Morale dominates and people are sometimes unconscious of this.

状语从句翻译状语从句翻译 [Adverbial Clauses][Adverbial Clauses]

英语的状语从句种类较多，为了符合汉语的表达习惯，翻英语的状语从句种类较多，为了符合汉语的表达习惯，翻译的时候应注意从句子语序和词语的省略两方面考虑。译的时候应注意从句子语序和词语的省略两方面考虑。语序：英语状语从句位置比较灵活，翻译时应根据汉语结语序：英语状语从句位置比较灵活，翻译时应根据汉语结构需要，对语序作必要的调整。构需要，对语序作必要的调整。省略：为了避免累赘，要注意汉语中常将从句的主语和连省略：为了避免累赘，要注意汉语中常将从句的主语和连词省略。词省略。

Translation skills

For ExampleFor Example语序语序 1) He always goes wherever he is in urgent need.1) He always goes wherever he is in urgent need. 哪里需要他，他就到哪里去哪里需要他，他就到哪里去 .. 2) She passed the CET-4 because she had studied very hard.2) She passed the CET-4 because she had studied very hard.

因为学习努力，所以她顺利地通过了英语因为学习努力，所以她顺利地通过了英语 44级级 .. （如果强调结果，也可把从句译在后面）（如果强调结果，也可把从句译在后面） 3) Chongqing has undergone a great change since she became 3) Chongqing has undergone a great change since she became

the municipality city.the municipality city. 自从成为直辖市以来，重庆发生了翻天覆地的变化。自从成为直辖市以来，重庆发生了翻天覆地的变化。 4)4)We would have accomplished the task much easier if you We would have accomplished the task much easier if you had come to help us.had come to help us. 要是你来帮过我们，完成这项任务本可以更容易些。要是你来帮过我们，完成这项任务本可以更容易些。 5) You shouldn’t have given up so early, though you met with a 5) You shouldn’t have given up so early, though you met with a lot of difficulty.lot of difficulty. 虽然有很多困难，你也不应该这么早就放弃。虽然有很多困难，你也不应该这么早就放弃。

省略省略 1) Please let me know in case you need my help.1) Please let me know in case you need my help. （）如果需要帮助，请告知我。（）如果需要帮助，请告知我。2) As soon as you get the order, you should set out 2) As soon as you get the order, you should set out imme immediately.diately. （）一旦接到命令，你应该立即出发。（）一旦接到命令，你应该立即出发。3) We might have a rest after we finish the project.3) We might have a rest after we finish the project. （）完成这个项目，我们可以休息一下。（）完成这个项目，我们可以休息一下。4) He didn’t come to class because he was seriously injured 4) He didn’t come to class because he was seriously injured in the football match. in the football match. （）他在足球比赛中严重受伤，（）没来上课。（）他在足球比赛中严重受伤，（）没来上课。5) Rich as you are, you shouldn’t look down upon the poor.5) Rich as you are, you shouldn’t look down upon the poor. 你虽然有钱，你虽然有钱，（）也不应该瞧不起穷人。（）也不应该瞧不起穷人。

Exercises

19. Translate the following sentences, pay attention to the 19. Translate the following sentences, pay attention to the adverbial clauses.adverbial clauses.

1) Fast as he can run, he still cannot catch up with the others.

虽然他跑得很快，他还是赶不上其他人。

2) As long as you try, you will surely succeed.

只要努力，你就肯定能成功。


3) She seems very happy in public while she feels very sad in private.

在公众场合她显得很高兴，但私下里却很忧虑。

4) I have been working in Shenzhen for four years since I graduated from university.

大学毕业后，我在深圳已经工作 4年了。


5) I didn’t realize what disaster I had brought to you until I had checked out what had happened.

直到查清发生的一切，我才意识到我给你们带来了多大的灾难。

Go to Passage AGo to Passage A

Go to MenuGo to Menu

Go to Passage BGo to Passage B

return to menu

Documents

happy retired people

time of unemployment

leisure time

long time

hard time

word retirement

old people

happy life