reverse osmosis seawater desalination: qatar experience
TRANSCRIPT
Reverse Osmosis Seawater Desalination: Qatar experience
and Visions
Dr. Nasser Alnuaimi
Director, Center for Advanced Materials
Qatar University
OVERVIEW
Introduction
Need for desalination
World Desalination Index
Gulf thermal and RO desalination capacity and recent trends
water challenges for Qatar
History of seawater desalination in Qatar
desalination capacity of Qatar ( RO and Thermal )
Conclusions
Qatar University: Facts & Figures (2018)
• Established in 1977• 9 Colleges• More than 20,000 students
Qatar University Comprises 17 Research Centers
Research Centers (Under VPR&GS) 1. Center for Advanced Materials (CAM)
2. Environmental Studies Center (ESC) 3. Central Laboratories Unit (CLU) 4. Laboratory Animal Research Center
(LARC) 5. Biomedical Research Center (BRC) 6. Social and Economic Survey Research
Institute (SESRI)
Research Centers (Under CENG) 12. Kindi Lab for Computing Research
(KINDI) 13. Qatar Road Safety Studies Center
(QRSC) 14. Gas Processing Center (GPC)
Research Centers (Under CBE) 15. Center for Entrepreneurship (CFE)
Research Centers (Under LAWC) 16. Centre for Energy and Sustainability
Law (CESL)
Other Research Centers 17. Qatar Mobility Innovations Center
(QMIC)
Research Centers (Under CAS) 7. Center for Sustainable Development (CSD) 8. Humanities and Social Sciences Center
(HSSC) 9. Gulf Studies Center (GSC)
Research Centers (Under CED) 10. National Center for Educational
Development (NCED)11. Early Childhood Center (ECC)
Attractive DestinationsThe Attractive Destinations, on the other hand, have a characteristically high inflow of researchers and a highly mobile research population – an average of 81 percent publish research abroad, the highest of all the groups. The researchers who stay in these countries, which include Qatar and Singapore, have the highest FWCI of all the groups.
Did you know that Qatar is one of the world’s most attractive destinations for researchers?
https://www.elsevier.com/connect/whats-your-countrys-research-personality
Global Water Crisis: H2O QUICK FACTS
Water scarcity will be one of the defining features ofthe 21st century.
The U.N. predicts that by 2025 two thirds of theworld's population will suffer water shortages.
Compared to today, five times as much land is likely tobe under “extreme drought” by 2050.
By 2050, 1 in 5 developing countries will face watershortages.
Sources: United Nation’s Food and Agriculture Organization; World Health Organization; UNICEF, 2015
Qatar Scenario…
Seawater Desalination is strategically important to the State of Qatar
Water stress is rising due to rapidly growing demands from population growth, industrialization, urbanization and agriculture
Qatar Nation Vision 2030:The scarcity of renewable water resources and the escalating competition for water is a major challenge in the sustainable development agenda for Qatar
Innovative desalination technologies that minimize both cost of waterproduction and the environmental impact should be further investigated
QNRS: Energy and Environment Pillar-Water Desalination
Grand Challenges: Water
Sources: Qatar Nation Vision 2030
Four Pillars of QNV 2030
Qatar Seawater Challenges
Salinity
Feed water quality
Algae boom
Temperature of feed water & difference
of temperature
High wind
High desalination
plant concentratio
n in the Arabian
gulf region
Absence of natural fresh water
Less annual rainfall
High evaporation rates
Domestic usage and growth
Industrial usage and growth
WATER A GRAND CHALLENGE FOR QNV2030
FRAMEWORK OF WATER IN QATAR
97.5, 97%
2.5, 3%
ocean
freshwater
68%
30%
2%
2.5 percent fresh water
glaciers
groundwater
fresh waterlakesandrivers
Total water available to us
8%
22%
70%
world water usage
domestic
industrial
agriculture
WORLD DESALINATION INDEX
Desalination is the answer to global water scarcity with the help ofemerging technology As earth has enough water in the form of sea whichcan be made potable using desalination
RO61%
MSF26%
MED8%
ED3%
Hybrid2%
Technology used
11888.69
5067.31
1559.18 974.5
0
5000
10000
15000
Desalinated water production world wide
RO MSF MED Hybrid & other
65%8%
12%
8%
7%
•World desalination capacity
Middle East
Asia
Europe
Africa
North & South America
MIG
D
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
2168
336.43
167.14
MIG
D
MSF MED RO
82 % 12% 6%
GULF THERMAL & RO DESALINATION CAPACITY
Desalination Capacities of the Arabian Gulf (1970-2012)
7
1
3
1
19
1212
7
2
6
16
3
7
2 2
0
5
KSA QATAR BAHRAINKUWAIT UAE OMAN
NU
MB
ER
OF
PL
AN
TS
Number of Desalination Plants in the Gulf
RO MSF MED
77
0.2
74.5
25
183
54
647
263
70
473
1110
95
14.565 52
0
245
0
KSA QATAR BAHRAIN KUWAIT UAE OMAN
Desalination capacity of existing plant
RO MSF MED
MIG
D
Proposed future desalination plants and their capacities beyond 2012
132.244
96
48.9
157
201
80
369
70
52
249
0 019.8
63
0 5
100
0
KSA QATAR BAHRAIN KUWAIT UAE OMAN
desalination plant capacity of new & plants under
construction
RO MSF MED
MIG
D4
21
3
7
16
4
1 1
32 1
9
10 0 0 0
KSA QATAR BAHRAINKUWAIT UAE OMAN
NU
MB
ER
OF
PL
AN
TS
New and under construction desalination
stations
RO MSF MED
Recent trend and benefit of RO over thermal
Overall increase in Desalination capacity Technologies
Less power consumption
Modular Nature of RO
Membranes
Small footprint
Environment friendly
413
1128
2658
3373
376.5
558
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
EXISTING PLANT CAPACITY UPTO-2012
FUTURE PLANT CAPACITY 2012-2018&
BEYOND
MIG
D
RO MSF MED
11 %12%77%
24% 65% 10.7%
Population and Desalinated Water Production2000-2018
0.60.7 0.75
1
1.51.65
2
2.32.5
2.64
0.80.9
11.23
1.65 1.7 1.75
2.152.3
3.5
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
M3/
da
y
& M
illi
on
Qatar Population Growth(in millions)
Total Production of Desalintion Plants (million cubic meter/day)
1953
First plant was established using submerged tube
process having an out put of 150040
gallons /day
1962
First Multi Stage Flash evaporation
process was installed at Rass
Abu Aboud with a capacity of 1.5
MIGD
1977
Two plants were built in at
Ras Abu Faontas 1& 2
1982
First RO plant at Abu Samra
with a capacity of 149600
gallons/day(680m3/day)
2016-2017
RAS ABU FAONTAS SWROMPLANT
with a capacity of 36 MIGD
2017-2018
Umm Al Houl power and water project is 136.5 MIGD (621,000 m3/d)
Using SWRO
HISTORY OF SEA WATER DESALINATION IN QATAR
DESALINATION CAPACITY OF QATAR
75%
24%
1%
MSF
MED
RO
Overall capacity of Qatar sea water desalination up to 2010
MSF46%
MED15%
RO39%
Expected Qatar seawater desalination 2018-2022
MSF
MED
RO
SHIFT OF TREND FROM THERMAL TO RO
0.364
96
UPT2012 2012-2018 BEYOND
Mil
lio
n g
all
on
s /
da
y
RO
RO Power (RO)
263
333
65
128
UPTO 2012 2012-2018
Thermal
MSF MED
250 %
REVRESE OSMOSIS AND THERMAL CAPCITY CHANGE IN QATAR OVER THE YEARS
Conclusion
Apprehend the water problem across GCC
Ensuring desalination to be a primary objective of QNV 2030
Proposing a sustainable and cost effective desalination technology
The shift from thermal to RO technology beyond 2012 has quadrupled
Researches are being conducted to attain optimum utilization of resources
Credits and Acknowledgements
Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University
Qatar Water and Electricity Company (QEWC)