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The passive

I. Forming the passive. Complete the following sentences.

1. 200 houses/build/last year

200 houses were built last year.

2. 4,000 books/sell / in the last week

3. the mail /deliver/ 8:00 every morning

4. Mercedes cars/not make/Sweden

5. four people/arrest/during yesterday's soccer game

6. The White House/close to the public/for repairs

7. the new bridge/not build/next year

8. a cure for malaria/just be find/scientists in Paris

II.Complete the text with the verbs in parentheses in the correct tense, active or passive.

Nylon (1) was invented (invent) in the early 1930s by an American chemist, Julian Hill.

Other scientists (2) ______________ (work) with his invention and finally on October

27, 1938, nylon (3) ______________ (introduce) to the world. It was cheap and strong

and immediately (4) _______________ (become) successful, especially in the making of

women's stockings. During World War II, the best present for many women was a pair of

nylon stockings, but more importantly, nylon (5) ______________ (use) to makeparachutes and tires

Today, nylon (6) ______________ (find) in many things: carpets, ropes, seat belts,

furniture, computers, and even spare parts for the human body. It (7) _______________

(play) an important part in our lives for over 50 years. Next year about 36 million tons of

it (8) _______________ (manufacture).

Might and 2ndConditional

III. Write the sentences with might instead of will + perhaps.

1. Perhaps it will rain tomorrow.

It might rain tomorrow.

2. Perhaps we'll go to Bermuda tor our vacation.

3. Perhaps I won't get my check today.

4. Perhaps Joe and Ellie will stop by for a drink this evening.

5. Perhaps will get a PlayStation for my birthday.

6. I'm a bit worriedperhaps Dave won't call me tonight.

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IV. Match a line in A with a line in B. Then make sentences using the Second Conditional.

A B

you/stop smoking take a taxi

he/do more exercise not need to take the bus

I/be president not cough so much

I/win the lottery be in better shape

she/have a car abolish income taxes

I /buy an alarm clock not be late for work

we/miss the bus buy a Ferrari

1. 1 + C -If you stopped smoking you wouldn't cough so much.

2.

3.

4.5.

6.

7.

Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect Continuous

V. Put the verbs in parentheses in the correct tense, Present or Past Simple, Present Perfect

Simple, or Continuous.

1. I (1)ve been learning(learn) Spanish for the past three years. My teacher is very good,

and I (2) ________________ (like) her very much. I (3) _______________ (be) to Peruthree times. I (4) ________________ (go) there last year with my family, and we (5)

_______________ (stay) in Lima. I (6) ________________ (enjoy) it a lot, but there (7)

_______________ (be) too many people.

2. My daughter (1) _______________ (try) to find a job for months. She (2)

_______________ (finish) college in June, and since then she (3) _______________

(have) one or two part-time jobs. She (4) _______________ (work) in a caf for the last

two weeks. She (5) _______________ (want) to work in publishing. She (6)

_______________ (write) hundreds of letters of application, and she (7)

_______________ (have) a few interviews, but no job offers yet.

3. We (1) _______________ (live) in our new house for several months. Since we (2)

_______________ (move) in, we (3) _______________ (be) very busy. Everyone (4)

_______________ (help) to get the house ready. So far we (5) _______________

(decorate) the living room and the kitchen. Soon after we arrived, the central heating (6)

_______________ (break) down, so we (7) _______________ (have) to spend a lot of

money to repair it. We (8) _______________ (like) gardening very much, but we (9)

_______________ (not have) time to do anything to the yard yet. And it (10)

_______________ (rain) a lot recently, so we'll just wait until the weather gets better.

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IV. Answer the questions. Put the verbs from the box in the Present Perfect Continuous.

plan my vacation - sit in the sun clean - try them on decorate the

bathroom - smoke cigars - fix the car

1. "Why are your hands dirty?"Ive been fixing the car

2. "The kitchen looks better."

3. "Why is his face red?"

4. "What are these brochures for?"

5. "Why are their clothes covered in paint?"

6. "What's that awful smell?"

7. "Why are all her winter clothes out?"

Reported Statements

IIV. Yesterday you met a friend of yours, Steve. You hadn't seen him for a long time.

Here are some of the things Steve said to you:

1.

I'm living in London.

2.

My father isn't very well.3. Rachel and Mark are getting married

next month.

4. My sister has had a baby.

5. I don't know what Joe is doing.

6. I saw Helen at a party in June and

she seemed fine

7.

I haven't seen Amy recently.

8.

I'm not enjoying my job very much.9. You can come and stay at my place

if you're ever in London.

10. My car was stolen a few days ago.

11. I want to go on holiday, but I can't

afford it.

12. I'll tell Chris I saw you.

Later that day you tell another friend what Steve said.

1. Steve said that he was living in London.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

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Past Perfect

IIIV. Join these pairs of sentences, using the conjunctions in parentheses. Change one

verb into the Past Perfect.

1. I took a shower. I went to bed. (after)

After I'd taken a shower. I went to bed.2. I read the letter. I threw it away, (when)

3. He passed his driving test. He bought a car. (as soon as)

4. I took the book back to the library. I finished reading it. (when)

5. I didn't go to bed. I did my homework, (until)

6. I spent all my money. I went home, (when)

7. I read the book. I saw the movie, (before)

8. Her children left home. She started writing, (after)

IX. Complete the sentences. Put one verb in the Past Simple and one in the Past Perfect.

1. Lisa gave _______________ (give) me a ride because I had missed (miss) the bus.

2. I _______________ (thank) her for everything she _______________ (do).

3. When I got to the office, I _______________ (realize) that I. _______________

(forget) to lock the front door.

4. When they _______________ (finish) their work, they _______________ (go) home.5. I (call) you at 8:00, but you just _______________ (go) out.

6. I took my family to Paris last year. I _______________ (be) there as a student, so I

_______________ (know) my way around.

7. When I _______________ (listen) to the news, I _______________ (go) to bed.

Vocabulary

X. Complete the sentences with a verb from the box

in the correct form.

fill quit put try

look (x3) turn fall

1. Put on your warm coat. It s cold today.

2. Could I _______________ on these shoes, please? Size nine.

3. Don't forget to _______________ off the lights when you come to bed.

4. Could you _______________ in this form, please, and sign it at the bottom?

5. I'm _______________ forward to meeting her very much.

,6. _______________ out! The glass is going to fall! Oh! Too late!

7. Im for the car keys. Have you seen them anywhere?

8. She _______________ off her horse and hurt her wrist.

9. I used to smoke, but I _______________ last year.

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XI. Complete the sentences with a word from the box.

out up (x4) back down (x2)

on around away after

1. You look tired. Sit down and have some coffee.

2. I'm looking for yesterday's newspaper. Did you throw it _______________?

3. Turn _______________ the music! It's too loud!4. I live in Boston now, but I _______________ grew in Atlanta.

5. Come _______________! Hurry _______________! You'll be late for school.

6. Have you heard? Tony's going_ with an Italian girl named Sofia.

7. Pick _______________ your garbage! Don't drop it on the street!

8. Don't worry about the baby. I'll look _______________ her while you're out.

9. What a pretty dress! Turn _______________! Let me look at it from the back.

10. John! Wake _______________! Can you hear a noise downstairs?

11. I'm going to take these shoes _______________ to the store. The heel has broken

already.

Verbs

XII. Put the verbs in parentheses in the correct tense, Present or Past Simple, Present

Perfect Simple, or Continuous.

Jane Hello, Peter! I(1) haven't seen _______________ to the store. The heel has

broken already. _______________ (not see) you for ages! How are you?

Peter Hi, Jane. I'm fine, thanks. And you?

Jane I'm OK. What (2) _______________ you _______________ (do) since I last

(3) _______________ (see) you?

Peter Well, I (4) _______________ (start) a new job last month. It's still in

advertising, but with a new company.Jane How long (5) _______________ you _______________ (work) in advertising?

Peter For five years. I really (6) _______________ (enjoy) it. Anyway, what about

you?

Jane Well, I'm still writing books. I (7) _______________ (write) a couple of novels,

and for the past year I (8) _______________ (research) a book on local history.

Peter That sounds very interesting.