review 1776-1877
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Declaration of Declaration of IndependenceIndependence
July 4July 4thth 1776 1776
““All men are All men are created equal”created equal”
The Declaration of The Declaration of Independence was Independence was
based on based on Enlightenment Enlightenment
ideasideas
Natural rights philosophy…….Natural rights philosophy…….
Significant DocumentsSignificant Documents•Declaration of Independence
(1776) •Articles of Confederation
(1777)
REVIEW VIDEO
Article of Confederation Article of Confederation 1782-17891782-1789
Success…… Failure
I will meet I will meet you in Philyyou in Phily
The Continental CongressThe Continental Congress
CONSTITUTION = CONSTITUTION = COMPROMISECOMPROMISE
TAKE 1TAKE 1
Significant DocumentsSignificant Documents•Declaration of Independence
(1776) •Articles of Confederation
(1777) •U.S. Constitution
(1787) •Bill of Rights
(1791)
Articles of Confederation ratified 17811781
Ratification of the Constitution 17881788
““The Critical PeriodThe Critical Period””
17761776
"Earlier today we heard the beginning of the "Earlier today we heard the beginning of the Preamble to the Constitution of the United States,Preamble to the Constitution of the United States, We the peopleWe the people.. It is a very eloquent beginning. ButIt is a very eloquent beginning. But
when that document was completed, on the when that document was completed, on the seventeenth of September in 1787, I was not seventeenth of September in 1787, I was not
included in thatincluded in that We, the people.We, the people. I felt somehow forI felt somehow for many years that George Washington and many years that George Washington and
Alexander Hamilton just left me out by mistake. Alexander Hamilton just left me out by mistake. But through the process of amendment, But through the process of amendment,
interpretation, and court decision I have finally interpretation, and court decision I have finally
been included inbeen included in We, the people.We, the people.
FederalismFederalism
Federalism Federalism CakeCake
Federal Federal Gov’tGov’t
State State Gov’tGov’t
Amendment #10Amendment #10Concurrent Powers
The The Congress Congress makes the makes the
LLawsaws
The The PresidentPresident
EEnforces nforces the lawsthe laws
The The courtscourts
Interpret Interpret the lawsthe laws
LLegislative egislative BranchBranch
Judicial Judicial BranchBranch
EExecutivexecutiveBranchBranch
Separation of PowersSeparation of Powers
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Judicial ReviewJudicial Review
Judicial ReviewJudicial Review
The power of the The power of the Courts to declare Courts to declare
laws laws unconstitutional- unconstitutional- interpret whether interpret whether
the law is the law is “constitutional”“constitutional”
““I walk on untrodden ground…”I walk on untrodden ground…”
Precedent?Precedent?
VIDEO VIDEO REVIEWREVIEW
The The “Unwritten “Unwritten
Constitution”Constitution”
The First Political PartiesThe First Political Parties
Alexander Hamilton Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson
FederalistsFederalists vs. Democratic RepublicansDemocratic Republicans
I will establish a I will establish a CabinetCabinet and fill it and fill it will the top minds of the country!will the top minds of the country!
Washington’s CabinetWashington’s Cabinet
The Whiskey RebellionThe Whiskey Rebellion
Shay’s RebellionShay’s Rebellion Whiskey RebellionWhiskey Rebellion
1786-17871786-1787Massachusetts farmers were upset their property was being seized for failure to pay taxes.
Daniel Shay’s lead angry mob during take over of local arsenal
Volunteer militia force stops rebellion
17941794Western Pennsylvania farmers opposed Hamilton’s excise tax on whiskey.
Farmers refused to pay tax and attacked revenue officers
President Washington sends 12,000 troops to stop rebellion
George George Washington’s Washington’s
“Farewell “Farewell Address” Address” influenced influenced American American
foreign policy foreign policy until World until World
War IIWar II
United States 1796-1800United States 1796-1800
LibertyLiberty OrderOrder
Northern votes for Northern votes for AdamsAdams
Southern votes for Southern votes for JeffersonJefferson
““Sectionalism”Sectionalism”
President John President John Adams leader of the Adams leader of the
Federalist PartyFederalist Party
Vice President Thomas Vice President Thomas Jefferson leader of the Jefferson leader of the
Democratic RepublicansDemocratic Republicans
Under the threat of war with France, Under the threat of war with France, Congress in 1798 passed four laws in an Congress in 1798 passed four laws in an
effort to strengthen the Federal effort to strengthen the Federal government. Known collectively as the government. Known collectively as the Alien and Sedition ActsAlien and Sedition Acts, the legislation , the legislation sponsored by the Federalists was also sponsored by the Federalists was also
intended to quell any political intended to quell any political opposition from the Republicans, led by opposition from the Republicans, led by
Thomas Jefferson.Thomas Jefferson.
Alien and Sedition Alien and Sedition Acts 1798Acts 1798
American citizenship requirements raised from 5 –
14 years; jail time or fines for anyone expressing
opinions damaging to the government; President could
deport violators
TARGETED:Foreigners (immigrants,
French and British radicals), and members of the
Democratic - Republicans
Jefferson submits Virginia and Kentucky resolutions
arguing states have a right to declare federal legislation
“null and void”
RESULTS:RESULTS:Federal government prosecuted and jailed Republican editors,
publishers, and politicians
Ben Franklin’s grandson thrown in jail.
In 1798 The Federalist party controlled the
Executive and Legislative branches
The Judicial branch had not shown its
true power by 1798, as a result they were unable to declare the
Alien and Sedition Acts unconstitutional
The Election The Election of 1800of 1800
Introducing Introducing President President
#3……#3……
The Election of 1800The Election of 1800
Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr ran on the same ticket and received equal electoral votes.
The House ended up voting on the President
The Real The Real Winner of Winner of the Election the Election of 1800…of 1800…
The United States ExpandsThe United States Expands
Manifest Destiny……Manifest Destiny……
““Our Our Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny is to is to overspread the continent overspread the continent
allotted by Providence for the allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly free development of our yearly
multiplying millions."multiplying millions."
Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase 18031803
President Jefferson loosely interprets his Treaty making powers in the Constitution
to purchase Louisiana Territory from Napolean
LOOSE INTERPRETION OF LOOSE INTERPRETION OF THE CONSTITUION THE CONSTITUION
As President Washington’s Sect. Of Treasury Hamilton
uses the “necessary and proper” clause (elastic) when establishing the first national
bank
Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton
As President Jefferson loosely interprets his
treaty making powers to purchase Louisiana from
France for 15 million
Alexander Hamilton Thomas Jefferson
17911791 18031803
WESTWEST
Economic Activities
Sectional Interests?
SOUTHSOUTH
Economic Activities
Sectional Interests?
NORTHNORTH
Economic Activities
Sectional Interests?
The Northern The Northern EconomyEconomy
My invention resulted My invention resulted in the south’s in the south’s
dependence on slave dependence on slave laborlabor
Slavery and the Slavery and the Southern PeopleSouthern People
““The pen is mightier The pen is mightier than the sword”than the sword”
Slavery is not the only Slavery is not the only cause of the Civil War cause of the Civil War
(1860-1865)(1860-1865)
States Rights vs. National States Rights vs. National Rights is the issue the Rights is the issue the Regents exam will testRegents exam will test
Unit IV
The Gathering The Gathering
StormStorm
The many faces of the Abolitionist MovementThe many faces of the Abolitionist Movement
The great The great irony…all irony…all men are men are created created equal”equal”
“I stand before you today a
thief….I stole these limbs, this body, and this
head….”
Frederick DouglassFrederick Douglass
.. Abolitionist John BrownAbolitionist John Brown
Now, if it is deemed necessary that I should forfeit Now, if it is deemed necessary that I should forfeit my life for the furtherance of the ends of justice, and my life for the furtherance of the ends of justice, and mingle my mingle my bloodblood further with the further with the bloodblood of my of my children and with the children and with the bloodblood of millions in this slave of millions in this slave country whose rights are disregarded by wicked, country whose rights are disregarded by wicked, cruel, and unjust enactments, I say, let it be done.”cruel, and unjust enactments, I say, let it be done.”
Abolitionist John BrownAbolitionist John Brown
Unit IV
1820
18501850
18541854
18571857
18601860
Territorial Expansion
Anti-Anti-SlaverySlavery
MovementMovement
A Clash of InterestsA Clash of Interests
Lincoln and Lincoln and the U.S. the U.S.
ConstitutionConstitution
•Increases size of the army without Increases size of the army without Congressional approvalCongressional approval
•Withdrew 2 million dollars without Withdrew 2 million dollars without authorizationauthorization
•Arrested and jailed anti-Unionists giving no Arrested and jailed anti-Unionists giving no reason for arrest. reason for arrest.
•Censored some anti-Union newspapersCensored some anti-Union newspapers
•Set up military courts to try Confederate Set up military courts to try Confederate sympathizerssympathizers
LINCOLN and THE CONSTITUTIONLINCOLN and THE CONSTITUTION
Southern Economy:Southern Economy: No more slavery, sharecropping
Former Slaves?Former Slaves? Assistance from Freedmen’s Bureau
Physical Destruction?Physical Destruction? Rebuild the South
RECONSTRUCTION 1865-1877RECONSTRUCTION 1865-1877
America has been split apart by three major wars:
1770's the American Revolution1770's the American Revolution
1860’s in the Civil War1860’s in the Civil War
1970's the Vietnam War1970's the Vietnam War
Each war has dramatically changed the generation engaged in battles as well as
the generations that followed.
Radical Radical RepublicansRepublicans
Andrew JohnsonAndrew Johnson
#1#1
#3#3
#2#2
Goals of the Radical Republicans:Goals of the Radical Republicans:#1 Punish the South#1 Punish the South#2 “Radical Reconstruction”#2 “Radical Reconstruction”– Treat the South as conquered territoriesTreat the South as conquered territories– RevengeRevenge
Radical Radical RepublicansRepublicans
Thaddeus Thaddeus StevensStevens
Opposing Reconstruction PlansOpposing Reconstruction Plans
Stevens and the Radicals
President President JohnsonJohnson
After After ReconstructionReconstruction (1865-1877) ended the (1865-1877) ended the
rights of African rights of African Americans in the South Americans in the South were restricted through were restricted through
Jim CrowJim Crow laws laws
POSITVE POSITVE
Legacy of Reconstruction Legacy of Reconstruction 1865-18771865-1877
NEGATIVENEGATIVE
