review

Review

Acids, Bases and Salts HW

VocabularypH and pOH CalculationpH Practice ProblemsCh 20 Practice Problems (13 questions)Aspirin ArticleAqueous Acid Base – TitrationLab - Neutralization

HCl

H2SO4

H3PO4

HNO3

CH3COOH

HF

Hydrochloric acid

Sulfuric acid

Phosphoric acid

Nitric acid

Acetic acid

Hydrofluoric acid

stomach acid, pickling metal

battery acid, # 1 selling chemical

food flavoring

fertilizer, explosives

vinegar

etch glass

NaOH Ca(OH)2 NH4OH

sodium hydroxide calcium hydroxide ammonium hydroxide

pH scale0

7

14

acid

neutral

base

[H+] = [OH-]

Soren Sorenson developed pH scale

pOH = -log [OH-]

kW = [H+] [OH-]

pH = -log [H+]

pH + pOH = 14

(alkalinity)

Arnold Beckman invented the pH meter

H+ + H2O H3O+

proton hydronium ion

kw = 1 x 10-14

Concentrated vs. Dilute

Concentration: Molarity molality Normality

M = molL m =

molkg

H2SO4 2 H1+ + SO42-

3 M “6 M”

Strong / Weak Acid

Strong HA H+ + A- (~100% dissociation)

Weak HA H+ + A- (~20% dissociation)

Ka = [Product][Reactant]

acid dissociation constant

Ka

0.8 H3PO4 3H+ + PO43-

0.0021 HF H+ + F-

H2A 2 H+ + A-

Ka = [H+]2 [A-]

[H2A]

Acid + Base Salt + Water

How would you make calcium sulfate in the lab?

+ CaSO4

ACID

Sour taste, litmus red

Arrhenius – H+ as only ion in water

Bronsted-Lowry – proton donor

BASE

bitter taste, litmus blue

Arrhenius – OH- as only ion in water

Bronsted-Lowry – proton acceptor

H2SO4 Ca(OH)2 + 2 H2O? ?

phenolphthalein colorless pinkacid baseweak strong

bromthymol blue yellow blue

acid basestrong strong

universal indicator R O Y G B I V

pH 4 7 12

litmus paper & pH paper

Indicators

Buffers - salts of weak acids and weak bases that maintain a pH

LeChatelier’s Principle

- acidosis & alkalosis (bicarbonate ion acts as buffer)- darkening glasses- egg shells thinner in summer (warm)

e.g. Aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid) vs. Bufferinlow pH upsets stomach

http://www.unit5.org/christjs/tempT27dFields-Jeff/AcidBase1.htm

http://www.unit5.org/christjs/tempT27dFields-Jeff/AcidBase1.htm

http://www.unit5.org/christjs/tempT27dFields-Jeff/

AcidBase1.htm

Video - Future of the Past

Video: The Future of the Past

Video: The Future of the Past

http://www.unit5.org/christjs/1futurepast.doc

Acid – Base Concentrations

pH = 3

pH = 7

pH = 11

OH-

H3O+OH-

OH-H3O+

H3O+

[H3O+] = [OH-] [H3O+] > [OH-] [H3O+] < [OH-]

acidicsolution

neutralsolution

basicsolution

co

nc

en

trat

ion

(m

ole

s/L

)

10-14

10-7

10-1

Timberlake, Chemistry 7th Edition, page 332

Amino Acids – Functional Groups

Amine Carboxylic AcidBase Pair

NH21- R- COOH

NH3NH21- NH4

1+

amine ammonia ammonium ion

NH

HH

:

NH

HH

H : 1+

NH

H

:

1-

:

H+ lose H+


Amine Carboxylic AcidBase Pair

NH21- R- COOH

O2-

H+

H+

+

http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/chemistry/sf3x17b.jpg


Water – Amphiprotic

H2OOH1- H3O1+

hydroxide water hydronium ion

NH

HH

:

NH

HH

H : 1+

NH

H

: 1-

:

H+ lose H+

Water – Also Amphiprotic

H2OOH1- H3O1+


H+ lose H+

Amphiprotic – Act as an acid (proton donor) or base (proton acceptor)

O2-

H+

H+

+


H2OOH1- H3O1+


H+ lose H+

Amphiprotic – Act as an acid (proton donor) or base (proton acceptor)

O2-

H+

H+

+



Range and Color Changes of SomeCommon Acid-Base Indicators

Indicators

pH Scale1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Methyl orange red 3.1 – 4.4 yellow

Methyl red red 4.4 6.2 yellow

Bromthymol blue yellow 6.2 7.6 blue

Neutral red red 6.8 8.0 yellow

Phenolphthalein colorless 8.0 10.0 red colorless beyond 13.0

pH Paper

pH 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

pH 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

pH Paper

pH 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

pH 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

pH Paper

pH 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

pH 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

pH Paper

pH 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

pH 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Amphoteric

Neutralization of Bug Bites

Wasp - stings with base

(neutralize with lemon juice or vinegar)

Red Ant - bites with acid

(neutralize with baking soda)

Resources - Acids and Bases

Objectives

Worksheet - vocabulary - vocabulary

Worksheet - pH and pOH calculations - pH and pOH calculations

Worksheet - practice problems (key) - practice problems (key)

Textbook - text ?'s chemical equilibrium - text ?'s chemical equilibrium

Worksheet - weak acid, pKWorksheet - weak acid, pKaa

Article - aspirinArticle - aspirin

Lab - synthesis of aspirinLab - synthesis of aspirin

Worksheet - aqueous acids and bases titration - aqueous acids and bases titration

Outline (general)(general)

Video (VHS) - future of the past (VHS) - future of the past

Outline - abcdOutline - abcd

Worksheet - efg hijkWorksheet - efg hijk

Worksheet - lmnopWorksheet - lmnop

Worksheet - qrs tuvWorksheet - qrs tuv

Worksheet - wx yzWorksheet - wx yz

Lab - titrationLab - titration

StrengthStrength

Strong Acid/BaseStrong Acid/Base• 100% ionized in water• strong electrolyte

- +

HCl

HNO3

H2SO4

HBr

HI

HClO4

NaOH

KOH

Ca(OH)2

Ba(OH)2

Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

StrengthStrength

Weak Acid/BaseWeak Acid/Base• does not ionize completely• weak electrolyte

- +

HF

CH3COOH

H3PO4

H2CO3

HCN

NH3


Ionization of WaterIonization of Water

H2O + H2O H3O+ + OH-

Kw = [H3O+][OH-] = 1.0 10-14


Ionization of WaterIonization of Water

Find the hydroxide ion concentration of 3.0 10-2 M HCl.

[H3O+][OH-] = 1.0 10-14

[3.0 10-2][OH-] = 1.0 10-14

[OH-] = 3.3 10-13 M

Acidic or basic?AcidicCourtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

pH = -log[H3O+]

pH ScalepH Scale

0

7INCREASING

ACIDITY NEUTRALINCREASING

BASICITY

14

pouvoir hydrogène (Fr.)“hydrogen power”


pH ScalepH Scale

pH = -log[H3O+]

pOH = -log[OH-]

pH + pOH = 14


pH ScalepH Scale

What is the pH of 0.050 M HNO3?

pH = -log[H3O+]

pH = -log[0.050]

pH = 1.3

Acidic or basic?Acidic


pH ScalepH Scale

What is the molarity of HBr in a solution that has a pOH of 9.6?

pH + pOH = 14

pH + 9.6 = 14

pH = 4.4

Acidic

pH = -log[H3O+]

4.4 = -log[H3O+]

-4.4 = log[H3O+]

[H3O+] = 4.0 10-5 M HBrCourtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

Resources - Acids and Bases

Objectives

Worksheet - vocabulary - vocabulary

Worksheet - pH and pOH calculations - pH and pOH calculations

Worksheet - practice problems (key) - practice problems (key)

Textbook - text ?'s chemical equilibrium - text ?'s chemical equilibrium

Worksheet - weak acid, pKWorksheet - weak acid, pKaa

Article - aspirinArticle - aspirin

Lab - synthesis of aspirinLab - synthesis of aspirin

Worksheet - aqueous acids and bases titrationWorksheet - aqueous acids and bases titration

Outline (general)(general)

Video (VHS) - future of the pastVideo (VHS) - future of the past

Outline - abcdOutline - abcd

Worksheet - efg hijkWorksheet - efg hijk

Worksheet - lmnopWorksheet - lmnop

Worksheet - qrs tuvWorksheet - qrs tuv

Worksheet - wx yzWorksheet - wx yz

Lab - titrationLab - titration

Buffers


AcidBase1.htm

Aspirin Article

Aspirin Article questions

Aspirin Article questions


AcidBase1.htm

Aspirin Synthesis Lab

Swimming Pool

review

Documents

h ohph

ohh3o ohoh

yellowmethyl red red

blueneutral red red

h po43

h water

h3o h3o h3o

log h ph poh