R E V I E WB I O L O G Y 1 M Y P

VOCABULARY #3

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

• Is the overall process by which sunlight (solar energy) chemically converts water and carbon dioxide into chemical energy stored in simple sugars

LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTIONS

•When solar energy is absorbed by chloroplasts and used to split water molecules which results in the release of oxygen as a waste product

LIGHT-INDEPENDENT REACTIONS

•When energy stored in ATP and NADPH is used to produce simple sugars (such as glucose) from carbon dioxide.

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

•A process used to convert the chemical energy in nutrients to chemical energy stored in ATP.

ATP

•An energy storing molecule

GLYCOLYSIS

•A series of reactions using enzymes in which a glucose molecule is broken down into pyruvic acid molecules and two ATP molecules in the absence of oxygen.

AEROBIC RESPIRATION

•A process in which oxygen is required.

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

•A process in which oxygen is not required.

KREBS CYCLE

•The first step of aerobic respiration in which the pyruvic acid formed in glycolysis travels to the mitochondria where it is chemically transformed in a series of steps, releasing carbon dioxide, water, and energy (which is used to form 2 ATP molecules).

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

•A series of chemical reactions ending with hydrogen combining with oxygen to form water (carbon dioxide is released as a waste product).

FERMENTATION

•A common anaerobic process which makes lactic acid or alcohol.

PHOSPHATE GROUP

•The three parts of ATP are nitrogenous base, ribose sugar, and __________________.

ATP-ADP CYCLE

•Losing or gaining a phosphate group to release or store energy is called

ORGANIC MOLECULES

•Proteins, Carbohydrates, and lipids are

CALORIC VALUE

•The number of calories per gram is called

PROTEINS

•Organic molecules that are used to repair tissues and cells.

CARBOHYDRATES

•Organic molecules that are used as the main source of energy.

LIPIDS

•Organic molecules that are used to store energy to use when needed.

AMINO ACIDS

•Used to make proteins.

MONOSACCHARIDES

•Used to make carbohydrates.

GLYCEROL AND FATTY ACIDS

•Used to make Lipids.

FOOD CHAIN

•The simplest path that energy takes through an ecosystem.

TROPHIC LEVEL

•Each level in the transfer of energy through an ecosystem

AUTOTROPHS

•The first trophic level of primary producers that make their own food.

HETEROTROPHS

•Primary consumers that eat green plants.

FOOD WEB

•Many interconnected food chains describing the various paths that energy takes through an ecosystem.

HERBIVORE

•Primary consumers that eat green plants

DETRITIVORE

•Decomposes organic material and returns the nutrients to soil, water, and air making the nutrients available to other organisms

OMNIVORE

•Consumers that eat both producers and primary consumers

CARNIVORE

•Consumers that eat primary consumers

ENERGY PYRAMID

•Represents the energy available for each trophic level in an ecosystem.

NUMBER PYRAMID

•Represents the number of individual organisms available for energy at each trophic level in an ecosystem.

ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS

•Models that show how energy flows through ecosystems.

BIOMASS PYRAMID

•Represents the total mass of living organic matter at each trophic level in an ecosystem.