REVIEW

Catalysts produced by living thingsBring about the chemical reactions in :

Respiration to release energy from the breakdown of glucose in every plant and animal cell

Digestion to break down large molecules into smaller ones

Amylase, Protease, lipase, bile

Protease and lipase enzymes are used in

Biological Washing powders to digest food stains

These washing powders work at lower temperatures so save money

These enzymes convert glucose to fructose.

Fructose is much sweeter than glucose so less is needed in foods so they are less fattening so often used in slimming foods

E.g., Amylase changes starch to sugars, maltose, glucose and dextrins

Amylase is produced - in the salivary glands

- in the pancreas - in the small intestine

Proteases Proteases convert proteins into amino acids

Proteases are produced in - the stomach (pepsin) - the pancreas - the small intestine

Lipases Convert fat into Glycerol and fatty acids

Lipase is produced in - the pancreas - the small intestine

Bile Bile is produced in the liver It is stored in the Gall Bladder Acidity in the stomach makes the pH too

acidic in the small intestine for enzymes to work

Bile neutralises the acid and makes conditions in the small intestine alkaline

Bile emulsifies fats into tiny droplets.

speed up reactions at low temperatures and normal pressures- very useful as many processes would need high temperatures and high pressures to run fast enough without the enzymes

Some enzymes slow down chemical processes in metabolism - INHIBITORS