Review for Chapter 8 Test

What is an object or an act that stands for something else?

• Symbol

a+b=c is an example of what problem solving

technique?

• Algorithm

“Mrs. Ponder almost never uses the letter C on her multiple choice test

answers” is an example of what type of problem solving

techniques?

• Representative Heuristic

The beginning often language in babies

occurs when the start

• Learning vocabulary

When you randomly use each key on a set of keys to open a door, it

is an example of

• Trial and Error

Grouping of objects, events or ideas by

characteristics is called

• Concepts

An example the exemplifies the concept

is called

• Prototype

A person’s inborn tendency to acquire a language is known as

• Language Acquisition Device (LAD)

Young children who have just learned

grammar rules often

• Incorrectly use words that they had used correctly before

Creative problem solving involves what

type of thinking?

• Divergent thinking

When someone breaks a problem down into parts

try to solve each par t individually, it is called

• Means-end analysis

In ______________ reasoning, if the basic statement leading to

the conclusion is true, then the conclusion is

also true.

• Deductive

What is the problem solving method that

identifies goals and the step needed to reach

them?

• Difference Reduction Method

What is the type of thinking that is limited to the available facts?

• Convergent

If a person is the same religion that their

parents are, they have probably relied on the _________________

Heuristic?• Anchoring Heuristic

Not traveling by airplane because of the fear of what had happened last week in

the newspaper is and example of ___________

Heuristics.

• Availability

What are the ABCDE’ s of problem solving?

• A- assess the problem• B- Brainstorm approaches to the problem• C-Choose the approach that seems most

likely to work• D-Do it, try the most likely approach• E-Evaluate the results

What is an idea or a statement that

provide the basic information that allow us to draw conclusions?

• Premise

What is the sudden understanding on when

a problem is solved?

• Insight

When someone cannot use an object other than

its normal use it is called?

• Functional Fixedness

What is it called when someone uses a balance sheet to see the positives

and the negatives of a situation?

• Weighing the pluses and minuses

What are the sounds of language?

• Phonemes

What is the grammar of any given language

called?

• Syntax

Units of meaning in a language?

• Morphemes

Stretching the meaning of words to refer to

things for which they do not have words for

is called

• Overextension

Psychologist believe that a second

language is most easily learned, when?

• During early childhood

A form of thinking that involves using

individual cases or particular facts to reach a general conclusion is

called• Inductive reasoning

Commonly when people are working with a paper maze, they will use this

problem solving technique?

• Working backwards

The tendency to respond to a new problem with an

approach that was successfully used with

similar problems is called

• Mental set

Free spontaneous production of possible e approaches or solutions

to a problem is called

• Brainstorming

The Language acquisition device is

• Inborn tendency to acquire a language

An example of a formula would be which type of

problem solving technique

• Algorithm

Premise is true, and then the conclusion is also true in what type of reasoning?

• Deductive Reasoning

An example that exemplifies the concept

is called

• Prototype

When someone breaks a problem down into parts trying to solve each part individually, it is called

• Means-Ends Analysis

Using individual cases or particular facts to reach a

general conclusion is what form of thinking

• Inductive Reasoning

What is a rule of thumb, or shortcut, used to

solve a problem?

• Heuristic

What is the problem-solving method that identifies goals and the steps

needed to reach them?

• Difference Reduction

What are objects or acts that stand for something else, enable us to think about

things that are not present?

• Symbols

Functional fixedness can become

• An obstacle to solving a problem

• Ex. The scissors example

What three types of thinking are most closely related to

language?

• Decision making

• Problem solving

• Reasoning

Creative problem solving involves

• Divergent Thinking

A morpheme generally consists of

• Single letters

• Multiple letters

• Letters that form a prefix or

suffix

In inductive reasoning, the tendency to prove the hypothesis correct

is known as

• Confirmation Bias

What is overextension?

• Trying to talk about more things than they have words for

What are objects or acts that stand for something else, enable us to think

about things that are not present?

• Symbols

People often solve problems by trying the

same solution that worked for a similar

problem.

• Analogy

Problem-solving method that identifies goals and

the steps needed to reach them?

• Difference Reduction Method

“Coach Booth never gives multiple choice tests is a

statement that comes from which type of problem

solving technique?

• Representativeness heuristic

A type of decision making solution in which the basic information available to the

person is in their immediate consciousness.

• Availability heuristic

If someone has the same political beliefs as their parents they have probably made these

decisions based on …

• Anchoring Heuristic

Which type of reasoning would use thinking that

involves using individual cases or particular facts to

reach a general conclusion? (Inductive or Deductive)?

• Inductive Reasoning

Lack of evidence, ignoring examples, and the tendency to stick to personal beliefs reasoning is considered….

• Over confidence

What type of heuristic helps people make decisions using the

basic information available to them in their immediate

consciousness...(ex. Airplane crash-won’t fly-dangerous)

• Availability Heuristic