Review

• Quietly review your colonization notes & Blacks in America Notes

Review Q1

• What was the MAIN reason for the settlement of Jamestown?

• A. Freedom of Religion

• B. To make money

• C. To escape the civil war in England

• D. It was established as a prison colony

Jamestown

In June of 1606, King James I granted a charter* to a group of London businessmen.

The Virginia Company, a joint-stock company**, was organized to establish a English settlement in the Chesapeake region of North America. There purpose was to make money

John Smith was one of 7 governors chosen to lead the enterprise.

Jamestown colonists given the same powers in governing in the Americas, as the English were given to govern at home.

- known as salutary neglect or benign neglect

* Charter: A legal contract** Joint Stock Company: Shared ownership (stock) in

a company

Review Q2

• Who were the individuals involved in the colonization of Massachusetts Bay Colonies (Mass., Conn., RI)?

• A. William Brewster, Remember Patience Whipple, Weetamoo, & Johnathan Edwards

• B. John Winthrop, Thomas Hooker, Roger Williams

• C. Lord Baltimores (Cecil Calvert & George Calvert)

• D. John Smith, John Rolfe, Pocahontas

The American Pilgrims

• America & Religion

Who are (A) John Winthrop? (B) Roger Williams? (C) Anne Hutchinson? (D) Thomas Hooker?

John Winthrop: A well to do lawyer and

landowner, he was granted a charter by Charles I to form the Massachusetts Bay

Company

Roger Williams: A young preacher that wanted separation of

church and government (state)

Anne Hutchinson: An intelligent woman who led a bible study group. She preached that God spoke to man directly;

not through the church. When kicked out of

Massachusetts she settled in Rhode Island

John Winthrop Roger Williams Anne Hutchinson

• Thomas Hooker• A minister who led his

congregation from Massachusetts to Connecticut.

• Worked out a plan of government known as the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut—1st American Constitution.

• All men who were property owners could vote.

AB

C

Review Q 3

• Which letter on the right indicates the colony of Jamestown?

• A. A

• B. B

• C. C

Geography: Jamestown, the first successful English Colony

Tidewater Region

James River

• The Virginia Company landed in Chesapeake Bay on May 14th, 1607.

• The site was chosen based on what it could provide: – 1. Protection from the elements (ocean currents, storms, etc).– 2. Protection from Spanish spies. (Spain controlled the majority of the

Americas in 1607.)– 3. Deep water ways in which ships could easily navigate.

Powhatan Indians

Chesapeake Bay“Great Shellfish Bay”

Review Q4

• “Starving Time” would be a description for:

• A. Jamestown

• B. Plymouth

• C. Both Jamestown & Plymouth

• D. Neither

The Survival of one PeopleThe Death of another

Fort built to protect the Colonists from the Spanish.

Harvesting Tobacco in Jamestown

• From 1607-1624 at least 6000 people came to Virginia from England. More than 3 out of 4 died. This period was known as the “Starving Time” The English were successful because:

• The Jamestown Colonists successfully grew and marketed tobacco

• They remade the landscape to resemble that of England. Old Growth forests were destroyed, and domesticated European crops and animals were brought to the Americas.

SeparatistsAmerica’s First Pilgrims

• The settlers soon discovered Plymouth Harbor, on the western side of Cape Cod Bay and made their historic landing on December 21; the main body of settlers followed on December 26, 1620.

• The Plymouth Separatists settled on the site of an abandoned Wampanoag village (the site had been abandoned when the villagers were destroyed by a European brought plague)

• The Pilgrims’ first winter was difficult. It is known as the starving time.By spring about half of the Pilgrims were dead from a terrible illness that swept through their village.

Review Q5

Plymouth was located in which colony?

• A. Virginia

• B. New York

• C. New Jersey

• D. Massachusetts

Separatist Mapping Activity

Pilgrims

Jamestown-Chesapeake Bay

Draw an arrow to Plymouth where the Pilgrims landed. Label these state: Massachusetts, Rhode Island & Connecticut

Review Q6

• “Settled mostly by families” would best describe:

• A. Jamestown

• B. Plymouth

• C. Both

• D. Neither

Who were they?

Made up of

-gentlemen

-adventurers

-craftsmen

-laborers

Appx 1/3 were indentured servants

Building James Fort

What archaeology has uncovered

SeparatistsAmerica’s First Pilgrims

• Half of the group's members left Leiden, Holland. A small ship, the Speedwell, carried them to England, there they joined another group of Separatists and the voyagers regrouped at Plymouth aboard the Mayflower.

• The Mayflower began its voyage on Sept. 16, 1620, with about 102 passengers, men, women and children—the group was made up of Separatists and “Strangers” (non-Separatists).

• On November 19th, after a 65-day journey, the Pilgrims sighted Cape Cod, in present day Massachusetts. Unable to reach Northern Virginia, the land they had contracted for, they anchored at the site of Provincetown. They had no legal right to settle in the region, so they drew up the Mayflower Compact, creating their own government.

Review Q7

• Who was the woman that helped the Jamestown colony survive?

• A. Pocahontas

• B. Sacagawea

• C. Sitting Cow

• D. Salmonella

The Survival of one PeopleThe Death of another (The Powhatan)

Chief Powhatan in a longhouse at Werowocomoco

(detail of John Smith map)

Powhatan River Valley

• The Natives were more numerous and understood the terrain better.

• They were well armed. Colonial matchlocks were less accurate than native bows and took longer to reload.

• Why didn’t the Algonquian push back? (The English were outnumbered 4 to 1)

• Powhatan (the father of Pocahontas) was slow to realize the foreigners would not self- destruct after all. Year after year, they died by the scores, proving to him that the English didn’t know how to survive in the Americas. Yet new shiploads kept coming. He apparently did not understand the number of English who would be coming to the Americas. By the time he realized this it was too late.

Review Q8

• A. TRUE

• B. FALSE

• Roanoke was the first permanent English settlement in the New World

What happened to the second settlement?

Who was the first Englishman born in America?What happened with their first attempt?Where did they establish their first settlement?

In what year did they first attempt it?

Who raised money with the permission of Queen Elizabeth to establish a colony in the Americas?

Elizabeth Flirts with America

Or at least she flirted with the Englishman who tried to settle it

Read pages 122-123 in your textbook to find the answers to the following questions:

Sir Walter Raleigh

1585

Roanoke Island near present day North CarolinaReturned to England

Virginia Dare

Disappeared/ no one knows....

Review Q9

• The trade of goods and slaves between Africa, Europe and the Americas is known as…?

• A. The Tripartite Trade

• B. The Triangular Trade Route

• C. Mercantilism

• D. Feudalism

• The first leg was the journey from Europe to Africa where goods (metal objects, pots, pans, knives, horses & guns) were exchanged for slaves.

• The second, or middle, leg of the journey was the transportation of slaves to the Americas. It was nicknamed the 'middle passage.‘

• The third and final leg of the journey, was the transport of goods (raw products, wood, molasses, fish, sugar) from the Americas back to Europe.

The Route

Part I 9 of 9

Review Q10

• Which colony was established for debtors and other poor people?

• A. Maryland

• B. Pennsylvania

• C. Georgia

• D. New Hampshire

Review Q11

• Which was NOT one of the main crops grown in the Southern Colonies?

• A. Rice

• B. Wheat

• C. Indigo

• D. Tobacco

Review Q12

• What role did Africans play in the African slave trade?

• A. They were victims of European aggression• B. They owned and ran the slave ships that

travelled to Europe and the Americas.• C. African slave traders kidnapped and

traded Africans to Europeans• D. They ran the slave markets in the

Americas.

Triangular Trade

Africans being kidnapped and transported by neighboring tribesman Africans being sold to Portuguese traders

• The Triangular Trade Route was the name given to the trading route used by European merchants who exchanged goods with Africans for slaves.

• They bought slaves from Africa, shipped the slaves to the Americas, sold them and brought goods from the Americas back to Europe.

• Merchants who traded in this way could get very rich. American goods fetched a high price in Europe.

• It was called the triangular trade because of the triangular shape that the three legs of the journey made.

Part I 8 of 9

Review Q12

• Which colony was established for Catholics to practice their freedom of religion?

• A. New Hampshire

• B. Pennsylvania

• C. Georgia

• D. Maryland

Settling the Southern ColoniesRead Page 141-142

1. Why was Maryland founded?

2. Who was Lord Baltimore?

3. What was the Toleration Act?

To provide a safe place for Catholics to practice their faith

There were two Lord Baltimores, George Calvert (the father) and Cecil Calvert (the son) George tried to

receive permission to start a colony... he died before he was successful. Cecil received permission and started

the colony of Maryland in 1632A law that guaranteed all Christians the right to worship as they

pleased

Separatist & Puritan Pilgrims

Catholic Pilgrims

Jamestown

In your workbook label the Plymouth Colonies, Jamestown and Maryland

Review Q13

• Who was put on trial for causing religious problems in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, was banished, and eventually massacred by natives?

• A. Thomas Hooker

• B. John Winthrop

• C. Anne Hutchinson

• D. Roger Williams

The American Pilgrims

• America & Religion

Who are (A) John Winthrop? (B) Roger Williams? (C) Anne Hutchinson? (D) Thomas Hooker?

John Winthrop: A well to do lawyer and

landowner, he was granted a charter by Charles I to form the Massachusetts Bay

Company

Roger Williams: A young preacher that wanted separation of

church and government (state)

Anne Hutchinson: An intelligent woman who led a bible study group. She preached that God spoke to man directly;

not through the church. When kicked out of

Massachusetts she settled in Rhode Island

John Winthrop Roger Williams Anne Hutchinson

Review Q14

• Which set of colonies had almost double the population of the other three combined because of slavery?

• A. Southern Colonies

• B. New England Colonies

• C. Middle Colonies