“A friend is

someone who knows

all about you and

still loves you.”

Elbert Hubbard

Relative Pronoun

ทำ��หน้��ทำ�� แทำน้คำ��น้�ม และเชื่��อมประโยคำเป�น้ประโยคำเดี�ยวกั�น้ who & whom which & that whose

where

of which

WHO - SUBJECT OF THE CLAUSE

The woman who called you  is here.                                The woman is here. She called you.

WHOM - OBJECT OF THE CLAUSE

The woman (whom) you called  is here.    The woman is here. You called her.

Option: You can omit the object pronoun.

THAT / WHICH - SUBJECT OF THE CLAUSE

The phone that is red  is here. The phone is here. It is red.

The phone  which is red is here. The phone is here. It is red.                             OPTION: "That" can also refer to a person; "which" cannot.

THAT/ WHICH - OBJECT OF THE CLAUSE

The phone (that) you bought  is here.The phone is here. You bought it.                                                        

The phone (which) you bought  is here.The phone is here. You bought it. Option: You can omit the object pronoun.

ERRORSThe telephone is here that is yours. The man which you are talking about isn't a friend.

Common Mistakes

FIXES 

The phone that is yours is here.

The pronoun must be next to the word it modifies.

The man that / whom you are talking about isn't a friend.

"Which" cannot refer to a person. Use "that".

Omitting an Object Pronoun

CANNOT OMIT  - SUBJECT PRONOUN OF CLAUSE

The woman         who called you     is here.                              (She called you.)

The phone           that is red         is here.                              (It is red.)

The phone          which is red      is here.

Omitting an Object Pronoun

CAN OMIT  - OBJECT PRONOUN OF CLAUSE

The woman          [whom] you called      is here.                                (You called her.)

The telephone     [that] you bought        is here.

The telephone     [which] you bought     is here.

ใชื่� Relative pronoun ‘that’ เสมอ ไม�น้�ยมใชื่� who, which

หล�งคำ��คำ!ณศั�พทำ%ขั้�'น้ทำ��ส!ดี• This is the hardest problem that I have ever had to

face.

หล�งคำ��แสดีงล��ดี�บทำ��• This is the second car that broke down.

หล�งคำ��ต่�อไปน้�' everybody, everyone, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, nobody, no one, all, none, any, some, little, much, few, everything, anything, something, nothing, only, very, it is• Everything that I do seems to be wrong.• This is the only example that I can give you.

แทำน้ คำน้ ทำ��หน้��ทำ��เป�น้ประธ�น้ เชื่�น้The man who speaks well is my

brother. = The man is my brother. He speaks

well.

แทำน้คำน้ ทำ��หน้��ทำ��เป�น้กัรรม เชื่�น้He is one of the men whom I feel I can

trust.= He is the one of the men. I feel I can

trust him.

แทำน้ คำน้ทำ��หน้��ทำ��เป�น้เจ้��ขั้อง เชื่�น้He is the man whose word is as good

as his action.= He is the man. His word is as good

as his action.

Who

Whom

Whose

แทำน้ คำน้ ส�ต่ว% ส��งขั้อง สถ�น้ทำ�� เม��อคำ��noun ม�คำ��ต่�อไปน้�'อย-�ขั้��งหน้�� all , any , only และขั้�'น้ส-งส!ดี

The cleverest man that speaks well is my brother. = The cleverest man is my brother. He speaks well .

All books that are mine are on the table.= All books are on the table. They are mine.

That

แทำน้ส�ต่ว% ส��ง ขั้อง สถ�น้ทำ�� ทำ��หน้��ทำ��เป�น้ประธ�น้, กัรรม เชื่�น้

The dog which was lost has been found.

= The dog has been found. It was lost.

The book (which) I read was very interesting.

= The book was very interesting. I read it.

The cat of which the fur is beautiful is in your

house.= The cat is in your house. Its fur is

beautiful.

Which

แทำน้สถ�น้ทำ�� ทำ�ม�กั�รเกั��ยวขั้�องใน้สถ�น้ทำ�� น้�'น้ เชื่�น้London where John lives is on the

ThamesLondon is on the Thames. John lives

in it .

แทำน้สถ�น้ทำ�� ทำ��เพ�ยงกัล��วถ.งอย��งเดี�ยว (ม�ไดี�เขั้��ไปเกั��ยวขั้�อง) เชื่�น้

London which is an interesting city is on the

Thames.London is on the Thames. It is an

interesting city .

Where

Which

1.The man ………………… you want to speak to has just left.2.Your father ,…………… you look like , was a great

friend of mine.3.The little boy …………….brings the milk hasn’t been for these days.4.Take nothing ………………… is not necessary.

(whom)

(whom)

who

that

5.A doctor ……….... patients trust him has great responsibility.6.This is the hardest problem…………… I have ever had to face.7.These are all ……….. we have in stock at present.9.Any man ……........ listens to you is a fool.10.Any paper ………… you read will give the same story.

whose

that

thatthatthat

11.Such a man……….. you like is not a good one.12.That is not the same book ………. I read yesterday.13.She is the prettiest girl ………. I have ever loved.14.The teacher in the next class , ……….. name I can never remember , is very kind.15. The girl ………….. you are talking about left here.16.He is the man ………….. we think you mentioned.

whomwhich

thatwhose

(whom)(whom)

Relative Pronouns

Refer back to a noun or pronoun

Mentioned before

My sister who is from Chicago visited me last weekend.

My sister, who is from Chicago, visited me last weekend.