Review Time

Photosynthesis

Where does photosynthesis take place in the cell?

Chloroplast

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

Sunlight, water, Carbon dioxide

What are the products of photosynthesis?

Glucose and Oxygen

What is made in the Calvin cycle?

Glucose

List organisms that can make their own food

Plants, algae, (some) bacteria

What is required in the light-dependent reaction?

Light

Cellular Respiration

What are the reactants of cellular respiration?

Glucose, oxygen

What are the products cellular respiration?

Water, carbon dioxide, ATP

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 + O2 H2O + CO2+ATP

Where is the most ATP produced in Cellular Respiration?

ETC! Electron Transport Chain

What is Glycolysis?

Process of breaking down glucose into 2 pyruvates

How many pyruvates are made by 1 glucose?

2 pyruvates!

Where does Kreb’s cycle and ETC take place in the cell?

Mitochondria!

What does Aerobic Respiration mean?

Oxygen is required

An example of anaerobic respiration is

Fermentation (Alcoholic or Lactic acid)

What are the 2 types of fermentation?

Alcoholic and Lactic Acid Fermentation

DNA

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

Sugar, Phosphate Group, Nitrogenous Base

In DNA what are the 4 Nitrogenous bases?

AdenineThymineGuanineCytosine

Adenine pairs with who?

Thymine

Guanine pairs with who?

Cytosine

If there are 30% adenine how many % of thymine are there?

___%Cytosine?30% thymine20% cytosine

What is the shape of DNA called?

Double Helix

Which 2 part of the nucleotide makes the “backbone” of DNA?

Sugar and Phosphate

Name 3 differences between DNA and RNA

1. RNA has Uracil/DNA has Thymine2. RNA is single strand/ DNA is double3. RNA can leave the nucleus where

DNA can not

What is the name of the bond that holds the nitrogenous

bases together?Hydrogen Bond

Cell Growth and Division

The Cell cycle Cell cycle consists of 4 stages what are they?

G1 S phase

G2Mitosis

Which 3 stage of cell cycle is Interphase?

G1, S phase, G2

What is happening to the DNA in S Phase?

DNA is Replicated

What are the 4 phases of Mitosis?

ProphaseMetaphaseAnaphaseTelophase

During Metaphase what is happening to the chromosome?

They line up in the middle

What type of cell is made through Mitosis?

Somatic Cells, Body cells

After Mitosis how many daughter cells are created?

Are they identical?2 Daughter cells

Yes

Are the daughter cells diploid or haploid through mitosis?

Diploid =2nSame as parent

Meiosis

What type of cells are made through meiosis?

Sex cellsGametes: Sperm and Egg

How many daughter cells are made through

meiosis?4 Daughter cells

Are the daughter cells of meiosis haploid or diploid?

1n Haploid½ number if parent

If a parent cell has 8 chromosomes, after meiosis how many

chromosomes are in each daughter cell?

4 chromosomes

What is cancer?

Uncontrolled Cell growth

What are some environmental factors that can affect our genes/

cancer?Drugs, Chemicals, sun, pollution, radiation, temperature, mutation

etc…

Transcription and Translation

Where can you find mRNA?

Nucleus and cytoplasm (ribosome)

What is the purpose of mRNA?

To take DNA’s message to Ribosome to make proteins

What is the nitrogenous bases that is only found in RNA not DNA?

Uracil

A Codon is made up of how many nitrogen bases?

3

What does RNA polymerase do?

It adds RNA nitrogen base to DNA

Where does protein synthesis take place?

Ribosome

What is the name of RNA that is found in the Ribosome?

tRNA

What are the monomers of protein?

Amino Acids

What is the job of tRNA?

To add amino acids by reading mRNA codons and make proteins

What is translation?

Turning mRNA’s codon into Amino Acids and ultimately proteins