review#6 earthquakes & other crustal activity
DESCRIPTION
EARTH SCI REVIEWTRANSCRIPT
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L.O: DYNAMIC CRUST, EARTHQUAKES, EARTH’S INFERRED INTERIOR & PLATE TECTONICS.
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The crust is the outer-most layer of the lithosphere.
• Most of the crust is made of two elements oxygen and silicon.
• There is two kinds of crust: continental and oceanic.
• Continental crust is felsic, made of granite, thicker and low density (2.7g/cm3)
• Oceanic crust is mafic, made of basalt, thinner, high density (3.0 g/cm3)
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The crust is the outer-most layer of the lithosphere.
• page 1 of ESRT has info about crust’s composition.
• page 1 of ESRT has info about crust’s composition.
• Complete page 42-43 in your workbook.
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The crust is dynamic, constantly changing.
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The Earth’s crust has many fault zones-cracks in its surface.
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Most of Earth’s crustal activity happen around the fault zones.
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earthquakes, mountain-building and volcanoes all happen around the fault zones.
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The rock strata of EARTH’S crust continually changes
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The rock strata of EARTH’S crust undergoes tilting, folding, faulting, uplift and subsidence
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faulting
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folding
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On the regents I will sequence rock layers
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I must be able to tell which event happened when.
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EARTHQUAKES
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EARTHQUAKESIS A SUDDEN MOVEMENT OF EARTH
ALONG A FAULT OR BREAK IN THE EARTH.
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SEISMIC (EARTHQUAKE) WAVES ARE GENERATED WHEN AN EARTHQUAKE HAPPENS.
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P-WAVES AND S-WAVES ARE GENERATED WHEN EARTHQUAKES HAPPEN.
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P-WAVES travel faster than S-WAVES. Thusly, P-WAVES always arrive first to an earthquake detection station.
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The difference between the P-WAVES an S-WAVES arrival times is used to determine the earthquake’s epicenter.
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12 minutes – 6 minutes= 6 minutes.
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Three seismograms are used to triangulate the location of an earthquake’s epicenter.
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Open your workbook to page 122.complete the questions.
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The inferred properties of the Earth’s interior.
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The interior properties of Earth’s interior are inferred from studying .
• Seismic wave behavior• The composition of meteorites
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P-waves can pass thru solids and liquids. S-waves solid only.
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The outer core is inferred to be liquid because of the shadow zones, where no S-waves are detected.
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COMPLETE PAGE 115-121
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PLATE TECTONICS:
The theory of continental drift says that the continents have moved into their present
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evidence of continental drift (crustal plate motion).
• The continents look like a jigsaw puzzle.• Rock layers and fossil on different continents
match.• Sea floor spreading
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The theory of plate tectonic explains earthquakes, volcanoes, mountain ranges and
the cause of continental drift.
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The Earth’s crust is made of huge plates that move.
Movement at the plates cause earthquakes, volcanoes, mountains
and continental drift.
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The crustal plates can move in three ways: (three kinds of boundaries between plates)
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Convergent plate boundary (subduction zone)
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Subduction zone (convergent boundary)
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Subduction zone (convergent boundary)
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Two transform plate boundarys
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Seafloor spreading: why the continents drift
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At the mid-atlantic ridge, new crust is being created. The new crust pushes away old crust.
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As the old crust is pushed away, the continents are pushed too.
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the oldest crust is at the continental shelf, the youngest crust at the mid-atlantic ridge..
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Evidence of new seafloor formation is the alternating pattern of reverse and normal polarity of mineral
alignment in the seafloor crust.
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Convection currents in the Earth’s asthenosphere power continetal drift ( earthquakes, plate tectonics etc0
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Complete page 65 of green workbook