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GROTH CORPORATIONGROTH CORPORATIONINTRODUCTION AND ISO 23800 INTRODUCTION AND ISO 23800

PRESENTATIONPRESENTATION

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GROTH CORPORATIONGROTH CORPORATIONEstablished in 1960 by Ed Groth as Groth EquipmentToday is a Global leader in low pressure protection Equipment

Since 1999 part of the Continental Group [CDC]

Scope of supply:

Pressure Vacuum Relief VentsFlame and Detonation ArrestersBlanket Gas RegulatorsPilot Operated ValvesBio-gas control equipment

HYSTORYHYSTORY

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CHEMICAL AND PETROCHEMICALCHEMICAL AND PETROCHEMICALOIL & GASOIL & GASFOOD & BEVERAGEFOOD & BEVERAGEPHARMACEUTICALPHARMACEUTICALBIOBIO--GAS CONTROL EQUIPMENTGAS CONTROL EQUIPMENTTANK FARMSTANK FARMS

MARKETSMARKETSw

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FULL TANK PROTECTION SYSTEMFULL TANK PROTECTION SYSTEM

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.itFULL PRODUCT RANGEFULL PRODUCT RANGE

• PRESSURE VACUUM RELIEF VENTS

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FULL PRODUCT RANGEFULL PRODUCT RANGE

• EMERGENCY RELIEF VENTS

2000A [Weight loaded] 2050A w/loaded w/vacuum

2100A- spring loaded [Ps>1.0 psig]

2500 – POV Valve2400A Weight Loaded hinged style

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.itFULL PRODUCT RANGEFULL PRODUCT RANGE

• PILOT OPERATED RELIEF VENTS

1400

1460

1420

1660

1430w

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FULL PRODUCT RANGEFULL PRODUCT RANGE

• BLANKET REGULATORS AND FLAME ARRESTORS

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.itFUNDAMENTALS OF TANK PROTECTIONFUNDAMENTALS OF TANK PROTECTION

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API VESSEL STANDARD API 650API VESSEL STANDARD API 650

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.itAPI VESSEL STANDARD API 620API VESSEL STANDARD API 620

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DESIGN CODES DESIGN CODES –– RECOMMENDED PRACTICERECOMMENDED PRACTICE

Pressure VesselsASME Section VIIIAPI RP520

Storage TanksAPI 620 & API 650 (< 2.5 psig / 0.172 bar-g)API 2000 VentingAPI 2521 & API 2523 Evaporation Loss

15 Psig [1.034 Bar-g]

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VENT VALVE SIZING AND VENT VALVE SIZING AND SELECTION STANDARDSSELECTION STANDARDS

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AGENDAAGENDA

• Background• Scope & Boundary Conditions of Standards• General Venting Overview• Required Outbreathing Venting Capacity• Required Inbreathing Venting Capacity• Sizing and Selection Example• Emergency Case Sizing• Production Testing• Final Notes

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.itBACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

• The purpose of the API2000, EN 14015, and ISO28300 standards is to provide a method for and guidance to sizing and selecting venting devices for atmospheric storage tanks

• API2000 has been an industry standard worldwide since being published in 1952

• The European Union developed and released a similar standard based on industry studies (EN14015) in 2004

• ISO 28300 was released in 2008 with the intention that it would be adopted by countries, local regulators, manufacturers, and end users worldwide, replacing the current API 2000 and EN 14015 documents.

• The API committee is currently voting to adopt the ISO 28300 document as the new edition of API 2000.

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ISO 28300 DocumentISO 28300 Document

• Determination of Normal Venting Requirement using EN 14015 formulas

• Determination of Emergency Venting Requirements using API 2000 tables / formulas

• Inclusion of current API 2000 Normal Venting Requirement formulas in an informative Annex

• Production Testing updates, including a detailed definition of set pressure and a requirement for leakage testing

• Inert-Gas Blanketing guidance for flashback protection (includes instruction for use of flame arresters in conjunction with blanketing)

• Specific guidance for tanks with potentially flammable atmospheres (explosion prevention, blanketing, flame propagation through vent valves)

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SCOPE & BOUNDARY SCOPE & BOUNDARY CONDITIONSCONDITIONS

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ScopeScope

Both API 2000 and ISO 28300 share the same scope, as follows:

• Normal and emergency vapor venting requirements for aboveground liquid petroleum storage tanks

• Covers the causes of overpressure and vacuum, determination of venting requirements, means of venting, selection and installation of venting devices, and testing and marking of relief devices

• Can also be applied to tanks containing other liquids; however, sound engineering analysis and judgment must be used when applied to tanks containing other liquids

• Does NOT apply to external floating roof tanks

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.itBoundary Conditions ComparisonBoundary Conditions Comparison

API 2000• Full vacuum through 1.034 barg• Aboveground tanks for liquid petroleum or petroleum products and

aboveground and underground refrigerated storage tanks• Fixed roof tanks• Tank volumes up to 28,618m3

• No insulation factor considered for regular venting (emergency only)EN 14015• -20 mbar through 500 mbar• Non-refrigerated tanks• Fixed roof tanks (with or without internal floating roofs)• No limit on tank volume• Insulation considered for regular and emergency ventingISO 28300• Full vacuum through 1.034 barg• Aboveground tanks for liquid petroleum or petroleum products and

aboveground and underground refrigerated storage tanks• Fixed roof tanks• No limit on tank volume• Insulation considered for regular and emergency venting

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GENERAL VENTING OVERVIEWGENERAL VENTING OVERVIEW

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.itGeneral SizingGeneral Sizing

• When determining required flow capacities for a process the engineer / designer MUST take into consideration all potential causes of overpressure. Most processes simply take into accountthree cases of potential overpressure (as shown below).

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NORMAL VENTING: NORMAL VENTING: OUTBREATHING SIZINGOUTBREATHING SIZING

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API 2000API 2000Required Outbreathing Flow CapacityRequired Outbreathing Flow Capacity

Fluid Movement• Based on boiling point / flash point of liquid, and input flow rate• Required Flow Capacity (NCMH) = Pump In (m3/h) * X

• X = Liquid Factor from table at right

Thermal Effects• Based on Tank Volume, Boiling Point, and Flash Point of liquid• Use table as shown below

Total Required Outbreathing Flow Capacity• Sum of the Liquid Movement and Thermal

Effects

2.02Boiling Point < 148.9º C

2.02Flash Point < 37.8º C

1.01Boiling Point >= 148.9º C

1.01Flash Point >= 37.8º C

XFlash / Boiling Point

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EN14015 / ISO 28300EN14015 / ISO 28300Required Outbreathing Flow CapacityRequired Outbreathing Flow Capacity

Fluid Movement• Based on storage temperature and vapor pressure of liquid and input flow rate• Required Flow Capacity (NCMH) = Pump In (m3/h)

• For storage below 40ºC with a vapor pressure less than 5 kPa• EXCEPTION: For products stored above 40ºC or with a vapor pressure higher than

5kPA, increase the outbreathing by the evaporation rate

Thermal Effects• Based on installation latitude, tank volume, and insulation• Required Flow Capacity (NCMH) = Y*VTK

0.9*Ri

• Y = Latitude Factor (from table at right)• VTK = Tank Volume (m3)• Ri = Insulation Factor (separate formula)

Total Required Outbreathing Flow Capacity• Sum of the Liquid Movement and Thermal Effects

0.2Above 58º

0.25Between 42º and 58º

0.32Below 42º

YLatitude

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OUTBREATHING COMPARISON(Total Required Flow Capacity vs. Tank Volume)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

10 16 79 159

31847

763

679

515

9023

8531

803975

4770

556563

597154

7949

953911

129

1271

914

309

1589

919078

2225

825438

2861

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Tank Volume (Cubic Meters)

Requ

ired

Vent

ing

Cap

acity

(NCM

H)

API 2000 EN 14015 / ISO 28300

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NORMAL VENTING: NORMAL VENTING: INBREATHING SIZINGINBREATHING SIZING

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API 2000API 2000Required Inbreathing Flow CapacityRequired Inbreathing Flow Capacity

Fluid Movement• Based on boiling point, flash point of liquid, and output flow rate• Required Flow Capacity (NCMH) = Pump Out (BPH) * X

• X = Liquid Factor from table at right

Thermal Effects• Based on Tank Volume, Boiling Point, and Flash Point of liquid• Use table as shown below

Total Required Inbreathing Flow Capacity• Sum of the Liquid Movement and Thermal

Effects

0.94Boiling Point < 148.9º F

0.94Flash Point < 37.8º F

0.94Boiling Point >= 148.9º F

0.94Flash Point >= 37.8º F

XFlash / Boiling Point

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EN 14015 / ISO 28300EN 14015 / ISO 28300Required Inbreathing Flow CapacityRequired Inbreathing Flow Capacity

Fluid Movement• Based on output flow rate• Required Flow Capacity (NCMH) = Pump Out (m3/h)

Thermal Effects• Based on installation latitude, vapor pressure, average storage temperature, tank volume,

and insulation• Required Flow Capacity (NCMH) = C*VTK

0.7*Ri• C = Latitude / Vapor Pressure / Average Storage Temperature Factor (from table at right)• VTK = Tank Volume (m3)• Ri = Insulation Factor (separate formula)

Total Required Inbreathing Flow Capacity• Sum of the Liquid Movement and Thermal Effects

Vapor Pressure –Higher than Hexane or Unknown

Vapor Pressure –Hexane or Similar

Average Storage Temperature (º C)

C-Factor for Given Conditions

2.5

3

4

<25

4

5

6.5

>25

4

5

6.5

<25

4Above 58º

5Between 42º and 58º

6.5Below 42º

>25

Latitude

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INBREATHING COMPARISON(Total Required Flow Capacity vs. Tank Volume)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

10 16 79 15931

8477

636

795159

023

85318

039

75477

055

656359

7154

794995

3911

129

12719

1430

9158

9919

078222

5825

4382861

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Tank Volume (Cubic Meters)

Requ

ired

Ven

ting

Capa

city

(NC

MH

)

API 2000 EN 14015 / ISO 28300

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WHY IS IT NECESSARY TO HAVE SO MUCH WHY IS IT NECESSARY TO HAVE SO MUCH VACUUM PROTECTION?VACUUM PROTECTION?

• Typical tank failures happen under vacuum conditions (implosion)

• Tank rupture under positive is less frequent due to the tank being designed properly for this condition

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SELECTION EXAMPLESELECTION EXAMPLE

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Example Process ConditionsExample Process Conditions

• API 650 Vertical Tank (not insulated)• Volume = 12,734 m3

• MAWP/MAWV = 20 mbar / -10 mbar• Pump In = 795 m3/h• Pump Out = 1272 m3/h• Texas Installation, Storing Hexane at 15º C• Utilize Model 1220A (Vent to Header)• Set Pressure = 10 mbar• Set Vacuum = 5 mbar

*This example was used in a presentation during an ISO Working Group meeting in Braunschweig, Germany

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.itRequired Flow CapacityRequired Flow Capacity

API 2000• Outbreathing = 3,089 NCMH• Inbreathing = 2,671 NCMH

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1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

Req

uire

d Fl

ow C

apac

ity (N

CM

H)

API2000 - Outbreathing

API2000 - Inbreathing

ISO28300/EN14015 - Outbreathing

ISO28300/EN14015 - Inbreathing

FLUID MOVEMENTTHERMAL EFFECTS

EN14015 / ISO 28300• Outbreathing = 2,407 NCMH• Inbreathing = 6,246 NCMH

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Groth Model 1220A Rated Flow CapacitiesSet Pressure = 10 mbar, flow at 100% Overpressure

• 6” = 3,100 NCMH• 8” = 4,880 NCMH• 10” = 7,960 NCMH• 12” = 10,300 NCMH

Set Vacuum = 5 mbar, flow at 100% Overpressure• 6” = 1,450 NCMH• 8” = 2,350 NCMH• 10” = 3,810 NCMH• 12” = 5,390 NCMH

• Thus, a tank sized per API2000 would require one (1) 10” Model 1220A while a tank sized per EN 14015 / ISO 28300 would require two (2) 10” Model 1220A

• An interesting note is that a valve selected per the API 2000 standard is dictated by the required outbreathing flow capacity while a valve selected per the EN14015 / ISO 28300 standard is dictated by the required inbreathing flow capacity

Valve SelectionValve Selection

Required Outbreathing Flow Capacity

API 2000 = 3,089 NCMH

EN 14015 / ISO 28300 = 2,407 NCMH

Required Inbreathing Flow Capacity

API 2000 = 2,671 NCMH

EN 14015 / ISO 28300 = 6,246 NCMH

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EMERGENCY CASE SIZINGEMERGENCY CASE SIZING

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API 2000 & ISO 28300API 2000 & ISO 28300Required Emergency Flow CapacityRequired Emergency Flow Capacity

• The sizing for emergency relief valves is equivalent in both API2000 and ISO28300

• Sizing is based on tank volume, flash point / boiling point of liquid, insulation, latent heat of vaporization, wetted surface area, design pressure, and temperature of relieving vapor.

• One of two methods can be used to calculate required emergency flow capacity; one which requires little knowledge of the process (typically conservative), and one which requires very detailed knowledge of the process and typically requires much less flow capacity

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PRODUCTION TESTINGPRODUCTION TESTING

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PRODUCTION TESTINGPRODUCTION TESTING

• Previous editions of API 2000 and EN 14015 were not specific in the testing required at time of manufacture

ISO 28300

• All products must be tested for set pressure and seat leakage at the factory, prior to shipment

• Set pressure definition is now included

• Seat Leakage testing parameters defined

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FINAL NOTESFINAL NOTES

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FINAL NOTESFINAL NOTES

• Current edition of API 2000 standard will change this year. The ISO 28300 standard is being voted to be adopted as the next edition of API 2000

• Changes to the methods used to calculate required flow capacities(both inbreathing and outbreathing)

• API2000 “Determination of Venting Requirements” (currently Section 4.3) included as an INFORMATIVE Annex A in the ISO28300 standard.

• Existing installations WILL NOT be required to change installed vent valves due to changes in the standard, however, the API andISO committees highly recommend an evaluation of all installations to determine if they are at risk.

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.itFINAL NOTESFINAL NOTES

• Production testing section was included to identify the tests that MUST be executed at the factory

• Leakage testing is now a required test, Groth has conducted this test on ALL valves for several years.

• Definition of set pressure is now published

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WHY NEEDED???WHY NEEDED???