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DAFTAR PUSTAKA

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7. He H, Mennone A, Boyer JL, Cai SY. Combination of retinoic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid attenuates liver injury in bile duct-ligated rats and human hepatic cells. Hepatology 2011;53(2):548-557. doi:10.1002/hep.24047.

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30. Rautiainen H, Kärkkäinen P, Karvonen A-L, et al. Budesonide combined with UDCA to improve liver histology in primary biliary cirrhosis: a three-year randomized trial. Hepatology 2005;41(4):747-752. doi:10.1002/hep.20646.

31. Kowdley K V. Ursodeoxycholic acid therapy in hepatobiliary disease. Am. J. Med. 2000;108:481-486. doi:10.1016/S0002-9343(00)00318-1.

32. Boberg KM, Chapman RW, Chazouille O, et al. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: management of cholestatic liver diseases. J. Hepatol. 2009;51(2):237-67. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2009.04.009.

33. Koulentaki M, Moschandrea J, Dimoulios PH, Hatzikostas K, Skordilis P, Kouroumalis E. Ursodeoxycolic acid (UDCA) increases survival of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and autoimmune cholangitis (AIC) patients. J. Hepatol. 2002;36:57. doi:10.1016/S0168-8278(02)80186-6.

34. Xu J, Liu X, Koyama Y, et al. The types of hepatic myofibroblasts contributing to liver fibrosis of different etiologies. Front. Pharmacol. 2014;5 JUL(July):1-12. doi:10.3389/fphar.2014.00167.

35. Penz-Osterreicher M, Osterreicher CH, Trauner M. Fibrosis in autoimmune and cholestatic liver disease. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol. 2011;25(2):245-258. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2011.02.001.

36. Puche JE, Saiman Y, Friedman SL. Hepatic stellate cells and liver fibrosis. Compr Physiol 2013;3(4):1473-1492. doi:10.1002/cphy.c120035.

37. Strader D, Seeff L. HEPATIC FIBROSIS AND CIRRHOSIS. Hepatotoxic. Herb. Prep. Philadelphia Vs … 2006:87-110. doi:10.1016/B978-1-4160-3258-8.50005-X.

38. Kim MY, Jeong WK, Baik SK. Invasive and non-invasive diagnosis of cirrhosis and portal hypertension. World J. Gastroenterol. 2014;20(15):4300-4315. doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i15.4300.

39. Suk KT, Kim DJ. Staging of liver fibrosis or cirrhosis: The role of hepatic

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40. Kim MY, Cho MY, Baik SK, et al. Histological subclassification of cirrhosis using the Laennec fibrosis scoring system correlates with clinical stage and grade of portal hypertension. J. Hepatol. 2011;55(5):1004-1009. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2011.02.012.

41. Kim SU, Oh HJ, Wanless IR, Lee S, Han KH, Park YN. The Laennec staging system for histological sub-classification of cirrhosis is useful for stratification of prognosis in patients with liver cirrhosis. J. Hepatol. 2012;57(3):556-563. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2012.04.029.

42. Fickert P, Pollheimer MJ, Silbert D, et al. Differential effects of norUDCA and UDCA in obstructive cholestasis in mice. J. Hepatol. 2013;58(6):1201-1208. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2013.01.026.

43. Milani M. Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA) in Biliary Diseases: A Clinical Review. Br. J. Med. Med. Res. 2014;4(9):1783-1790. doi:10.9734/BJMMR/2014/7186.

44. Angulo P, Batts KP, Therneau TM, Jorgensen R a, Dickson ER, Lindor KD. Long-term ursodeoxycholic acid delays histological progression in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 1999;29(3):644-647. doi:10.1097/00042737-199906000-00019.

45. Beuers U, Boyer JL, Paumgartner G. Ursodeoxycholic acid in cholestasis: potential mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications. Hepatology 1998;28(6):1449-1453. doi:10.1002/hep.510280601.

46. Copaci I, Micu L, Iliescu L, Voiculescu M. New Therapeutical Indications of Ursodeoxycholic Acid. 2005;14(3):259-266.

47. Calmus Y, Gane P, Rouger P, Poupon R. Hepatic expression of class I and class II major histocompatibility complex molecules in primary biliary cirrhosis: effect of ursodeoxycholic acid. Hepatology 1990;11(1):12-5. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2403961. Accessed December 25, 2015.

48. Kotb MA. Molecular Mechanisms of Ursodeoxycholic Acid Toxicity & Side Effects: Ursodeoxycholic Acid Freezes Regeneration & Induces Hibernation Mode. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012;13(12):8882-8914. doi:10.3390/ijms13078882.

49. Richie JP, Nichenametla S, Neidig W, et al. Randomized controlled trial of oral glutathione supplementation on body stores of glutathione. Eur. J. Nutr. 2015;54(2):251-263. doi:10.1007/s00394-014-0706-z.

50. Allen J, Bradley RD. Effects of Oral Glutathione Supplementation on Systemic Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Human Volunteers. J. Altern. Complement. Med. 2011;17(9):827-833. doi:10.1089/acm.2010.0716.

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66. Dunning S, ur Rehman A, Tiebosch MH, et al. Glutathione and antioxidant enzymes serve complementary roles in protecting activated hepatic stellate cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death. Biochim. Biophys. Acta - Mol. Basis Dis. 2013;1832(12):2027-2034. doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.07.008.

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68. Guarino MPL, Cocca S, Altomare A, Emerenziani S, Cicala M. Ursodeoxycholic acid therapy in gallbladder disease, a story not yet completed. World J. Gastroenterol. 2013;19(31):5029-5034. doi:10.3748/wjg.v19.i31.5029.

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LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1 Ethical Clearance

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Lampiran 2 Hasil Pemeriksaan Derajat Fibrosis Hepar

KELOMPOK MENCIT

LAPANG PANDANG KET 1 2 3 4 5

K1 1 2 2 2 1

K2 2 4B 4B 4B 3

K3 4B 4C 4B 4C 4A

K4 3 3 3 4A 3

K5 3 4C 4A 4A 4A

P1.1 2 1 2 3 2

P1.2 2 4A 4C 4B 4B

P1.3 4B 4B 4C 4C 4B

P1.4 4C 4B 4B 4B 4C

P1.5 2 2 4A 2 2

P2.1 2 1 2 1 3

P2.2 0 1 0 1 1

P2.3 4B 2 4C 0 1

P2.4 4C 4B 4C 4C 4C

P2.5 0 1 0 0 0

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Lampiran 3 Hasil Analisis SPSS

kelompok * grade fibrosis 2 Crosstabulation

Grade Fibrosis

Grade 0 Grade 1

kelompok

kontrol

Count 0 2 % within kelompok 0.0% 8.0% % within grade fibrosis 2 0.0% 20.0% % of Total 0.0% 2.7%

UDCA


UDCA-Glutathione


Total


Grade Fibrosis

Grade 2 Grade 3

kelompok kontrol


63

UDCA


UDCA-Glutathione


Total


Grade Fibrosis

Grade 4a Grade 4b

kelompok

kontrol


UDCA


UDCA-Glutathione


Total


64

Grade

Fibrosis Total Grade 4c

kelompok

kontrol


UDCA


UDCA-Glutathione


Total


Kruskal-Wallis Test

Ranks kelompok N Mean Rank

grade fibrosis 2

kontrol 25 41.58

UDCA 25 45.06

UDCA-Glutathione 25 27.36

Total 75

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Test Statisticsa,b

grade fibrosis 2

Chi-Square 9.519 df 2 Asymp. Sig. .009

a. Kruskal Wallis Test b. Grouping Variable: kelompok

Mann-Whitney Test Ranks

kelompok N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks

grade fibrosis 2

kontrol 25 24.04 601.00

UDCA 25 26.96 674.00

Total 50

Test Statisticsa

grade fibrosis 2

Mann-Whitney U 276.000 Wilcoxon W 601.000 Z -.724 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .469

a. Grouping Variable: kelompok



grade fibrosis 2

kontrol 25 30.54 763.50

UDCA-Glutathione 25 20.46 511.50

Total 50

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Test Statisticsa

grade fibrosis 2

Mann-Whitney U 186.500 Wilcoxon W 511.500 Z -2.472 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .013




grade fibrosis 2

UDCA 25 31.10 777.50

UDCA-Glutathione 25 19.90 497.50

Total 50

Test Statisticsa

grade fibrosis 2

Mann-Whitney U 172.500 Wilcoxon W 497.500 Z -2.763 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .006


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Lampiran 4 Dokumentasi

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Lampiran 5 Curriculum Vitae

Curriculum Vitae Personal Information

Name Novita Ikbar K Address St. Galangsewu Raya no. 1A

Tembalang Semarang Central Java Indonesia

Telephone +6281225626364 E-mail address [email protected]

Nationality Indonesia Date of birth 27 November 1993

Gender Female Year of recent medical 4th grade medical student

Work Experience and Organization

Dates 2013-2014

Occupation or position held Junior Staff

Name and Address of employer

Education and Training Division HIMAKU Medical Faculty of Diponegoro University (Student Council )

Dates 2014-2015

Occupation or position held Chief of Human Resource in Medical Research Club

Name and Address of employer Medical Research Club, Diponegoro University

Dates 2014-2015

Occupation or position held Senior Staff


Education and Training Division HIMAKU Medical Faculty of Diponegoro University (Student Council )

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Dates 2014-Present Occupation or position

held Anatomy Lecturer Assistant


Anatomy Department, Medical Faculty of Diponegoro University

Education Dates 2011-2012

Title of qualification awarded -

Name and type of organization Faculty of Dentistry of Padjadjaran University

GPA -

Dates 2012 – Present Tittle of qualification

awarded Bachelor of Medicine

Name and type of organization Medical Faculty of Diponegoro University

GPA 3,78

Dates 2008-2011 Tittle of qualification

awarded Senior High School

Name and type of organization SMA Taruna Nusantara Magelang

GPA


awarded Junior High School

Name and type of organization SMP Negeri 1 Magelang

GPA


awarded Elementary School

Name and type of SD Negeri 6 Magelang

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organization GPA

Course and Training

Dates/Name of course 2016/ Training Management of Emergency Patient, Medical Faculty of Diponegoro University

Dates/Name of course 2015/ Medical Training Partus, Student Executive board of Medical Faculty of Diponegoro University

Dates/Name of course 2014/ Medical Training Circumcisions, Student Executive Board of Medical Faculty of Diponegoro University.

Personal skills and competences

Mother Language Indonesia Other Language English

Computer skills and competences Microsoft office (Word, Excel, Power Point)

Personal Interest 1. Neurosurgery

2. Neurology

Achievements 1. Silver Medal for Literature Review division of

Medical Djogja Scientific Competition 2014 2. Gold Medal for Neuropsychiatry division of

Indonesian Medical Olympiad 2014 3. Silver Medal for Neuropsychiatry division of

Indonesian Medical Olympiad 2015

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