RevolutionChapter 7: The War Officially Begins.

(Finally)

Goals chapter 7

• Compare and contrast the British and American forces at the start of the Revolution

• Identify the main reasons that the Continental Army was able to defeat the British

• Identify major “turning points” battles and explain their significance

• Identify certain figures and discuss their importance to either side during the war

• Label a map of North America after the Treaty of Paris was signed and explain the significance of the treaty

Word Wall Words

• Mercenaries• Hessians• Strategy• Ally• Beheld• Fumed• Maneuvering• Guerrillas• Solemn

• Rabble• Contemptible• Treaty• Liberty Pole

Advantages

British1. More soldiers2. Recruited loyalist,

African Americans, and Native Americans

3. Well trained and supplied soldiers

Patriots1. Patriotism2. Help from other

countries3. Strong Commander

Disadvantages

American• Lack of numbers• Poorly trained militia• Shortages in

gunpowder, food, shoes, bandages, etc.

British• Large distance to

supply troops• People not

convinced of the need for war

• Poor leadership

Question 1

• Which of the following was NOT an advantage for the British?

A. More menB. Better trainedC. PatriotismD. Well supplied

Raising the troops

• Continental Army: never more than 20,000 troops at one place or time

• Broad variety• Prohibited African

slave soldiers• Lord Dunmore’s

Proclamation• Iroquois fought with

British

• British had 50,000 + 30,000 mercenaries called the Hessians

• British have high quality muskets and weapons

• Some Americans had spears and axes

Question 2

• Who was not allowed to fight for the colonies?

A. PuritansB. Indentured servantsC. Native AmericansD. Slaves

Question 3

• What are Mercenaries?A. British citizensB. Hired soldiersC. Loyalist soldiersD. French soldiers

7.4 Britain almost wins the war

• Lord George Germain targets New York City

• Choke out rebellion in Mass.• D.O.I. spurs the Continentals to N.Y.C.• August 27th 1776 Battle of New York• British 377 –Americans 1407• Retreat followed by looting• Harsh defeats, Howes’ mistake, condition of

soldiers

Question 4

• Who was in charge of the British in New York?

A. George WashingtonB. King George IIIC. General HoweD. Nathaniel Greene

Question 5

• What happened at the Battle of New York?

A. Howe was forced to retreat by boatB. Washington was forced to retreat across

the Delaware RiverC. Howe chased Washington down and

finished the warD. Washington surrendered

New Hopes

• Howe left New Jersey in Hessian control• December 25th,1776 2,400 soldiers

crossed the Delaware River• Battle Trenton: 868 Hessian

prisoners to 5 casualties• Battle of Princeton: Washington

defeats Clinton on January 3rd 1777

Question 6

• When did the Battle of Trenton take place?

A. Christmas night 1776B. Christmas Eve 1776C. Thanksgiving 1776D. New Years Eve 1776

Question 7

• Who did Washington surprise at Trenton?

A. HoweB. GermainC. HessiansD. His wife

JigSaw Guidlines

• Everyone gets a “home group”. This is the group you will report back to share with.

• In the home group, everyone will get a number that determines their “expert group”. This is the group you will study with to find answers to questions and summarize the source

• In class

Weapons and Tactics Questions

• What modern day gun would the musket in the Revolution compare to?

• What were the two types of muskets used?

• What do you think the word “fouling” means?

• What were two purposes of the bayonet?

• How many foot soldiers did one calvarymen equal?

• Describe the steps needed to fire a musket

• How fast could a musket be fired? A rifle?

• Why did men fire volleys?• Why was organization so

important to bayonet charges?

• What is the range of a cannon? What did it fire?

• What myth is there about American fighting techniques during the war?

• Why was Von Stueben so important to the tactics of the Americans?

American Athenas Questions

1. What role did women play in colonial society?

2. What jobs did women hold while their husbands went to fight the war?

3. How did women protest British goods?4. Describe three women who actually fought

on the battlefield?5. Who was Lydia Darragh and what role did

she play in the war?6. What were three outcomes for women after

the war?

7.6 The Tide Begins to Turn

• Cut off New England from the rest of the colonies

• Washington’s choice of a “defensive war”

• Problems with Burgoyne’s plan• Saratoga:Gates crushes Burgoyne

on October 17, 1777• French become an official ally

Valley Forge and the Battle of Monmouth

• Low on supplies during the winter of 1777-1778

• 1/3 of the soldiers were hungry and poorly clothed

• Need for uniform tactics and commands• Von Steuben trains in Feb. 1778• Rapid improvement• Battle of Monmouth: June 28th 1778

American victory that ended fighting in the north

War in the South

• After Saratoga, British focused on southern colonies (Charles Cornwallis in command)

• The south was believed to be a loyalist strong hold

• Henry Clinton travels from New York to help the British in the south

• “Swamp Fox” guerilla warfare• Battle of Cowpens January

17th,1781 won by Daniel Morgan

• Made him chase him to tire him out

• Cornwallis forced to rest and re-supply at Yorktown Cornwallis burned supplies to speed his army up

• April 1781, Cornwallis moves his army to Yorktown to rest

Victory at Yorktown

• Cornwallis set to attack Lafayette, Von Steuben and Anthony Wayne

• French assistance from Rochambeau• Sept. 1781, surround Cornwallis

thanks to French Navy• Siege on Yorktown, October 19,

1781 Cornwallis surrenders• British people lose the will to fight

Treaty of Paris 1783

• British recognition of U.S.• New U.S. borders• Florida to Spain in a separate treaty• British retained Canada• Spanish retained Louisiana• America would return all loyalist

possessions taken during the war• Revolution in France and in Haiti

End of the War