rf transmission line simulation and design tool

T.C.

BAHEEHR UNIVERSITY

RF TRANSMISSION LINE SIMULATION

AND

DESIGN TOOL

Capstone Project

Saliha Kaykun

Advisor: Ph.D.Babur Hadimioglu

STANBUL, 2011

T.C.

BAHEEHR UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

RF TRANSMISSIN LINE SIMULATION

AND

DESIGN TOOL

Capstone Project

Saliha Kaykun

Advisor:Ph.D. Babur Hadimioglu

STANBUL, 2011

T.C.

BAHEEHR UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Name of the project: Rf transmission line simulation and design tool Name/Last Name of the Student: Saliha Kaykun

Date of Thesis Defense: 20/06/2011

I hereby state that the graduation project prepared by Saliha Kaykun has been

completed under my supervision. I accept this work as a Graduation Project.

20/06/2011

Babur Hadimioglu

I hereby state that I have examined this graduation project by Saliha Kaykun which

is accepted by his supervisor. This work is acceptable as a graduation project and the student is eligible to take the graduation project examination.

20/06/2011 Asst. Prof. Cigdem Eroglu

We hereby state that we have held the graduation examination of Your Name and agree that the student has satisfied all requirements.

THE EXAMINATION COMMITTEE

Committee Member Signature

1. Babur Hadimioglu ..

2. .. ..

3. .. ..

ii

ACADEMIC HONESTY PLEDGE

In keeping with Baheehir University Student Code of Conduct, I pledge that this work is

my own and that I have not received inappropriate assistance in its preparation.

I further declare that all resources in print or on the web are explicitly cited.

NAME DATE SIGNATURE

iii

ABSTRACT

RF TRANSMISSION LINE SIMLUATION AND DESIGN TOOLS

Saliha Kaykun

Faculty of Engineering Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Advisor:Ph.D. Babur Hadimioglu

JUNE, 2011, 43pages

This paper mentioned about radio frequency transmission line simulation and

design tool. Many graphics and non-graphics based tools have been developed to support

various areas of radio frequency and microwave engineering. Radio frequency

transmission line solutions are analyzed by various methods. In this Project, method is

Matlab GUI. This program is used, depending on the users request and to supply graphical

interface. This Project does Matlab GUI in solving the single stub, double stub problems

and solving single stub problems, as well as no matching network case. When the solution

of transmission line problems solving with Matlab GUI, it show Smith Chart and plot the

frequency and magnitude reflection coefficient. The using of Matlab GUI is common at the

market.

Key Words: transmission line, simulation, matching network, single stub, double

stub, matlab GUI, design tool, Smith Chart

iv

ZET

RADYO FREKANS ARALIINDAK LETM HATLARININ SMULASYONU VE ARA KUTUSU DZAYNI

Saliha Kaykun

Mhendislik Fakltesi

Elektrik-Elektronik Mhendislii Blm

Tez Danman: Babur Hadimioglu

HAZRAN,2011 ,43 sayfa

Bu raporda, radyo frekans iletim hatlarnn simlasyonu ve ara kutusu yapmaktan

bahsetmektedir.Bu projede,metod ise Matlab GUI dir.Bu program kullancsnn isteklerine

baldr ve grsel arayz salar. Radio frekans iletim hatlar;single stub,double stub ve

matching networksuzdur.Problemleri Matlab GUI de yapld. letim hatlarnn problem

zmlerini matlab GUI yardmyla, Smith chart ve frekans ve yansma katsays grafiiyle

gstermektedir.Matlab GUI piyasa da sk kullanlan bir programdr.

Anahtar Kelimeler: iletim hatt, simlasyon, Smith Chart, empedans uydurma,

tek yan,ift yan,matlab GUI

v

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT...........................................................................................................................iii

ZET .................................................................................................................................... iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................................................... v

LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................ vi

LIST OF FIGURES ..............................................................................................................vii

1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1

2. Modeling Transmission Lines............................................................................................ 1

2.1. Transmission Line.................................................................................................. 1

2.2. Matching Network ................................................................................................. 4

2.2.1 Single Stub ...................................................................................................... 5

2.2.1 Double Stub.. ..6

3. Simulation & Design Tool ................................................................................................. 7

4. Conclusion ............................................................................................... 19

APPENDIX A ...................................................................................................................... 20

APPENDIX B ...................................................................................................................... 21

REFERENCES .................................................................................................................... 43

vi

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.Transmission Line Characteristics ............................................................................ 2

vii

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Transmission Line .................................................................................................. 2

Figure 2. Load Impedance Formula ...................................................................................... 3

Figure 3. Input Impedance Due to a Line Terminated by a Load .......................................... 3

Figure 4. Matching Network .................................................................................................. 5

Figure 5. Single Shunt and Series Stub Circuited Short and Open........................................ 6

Figure 6. Double Shunt and Series Stub Circuited Short and Open ..................................... 7

Figure 7. Matlab GUI for Solving Transmission Line........................................................... 9

Figure 8. Solution for No Matching Network Case ............................................................... 9

Figure 9. No matching network case .................................................................................... 9

Figure 10. Single Shunt Stub Matlab GUI ........................................................................... 11

Figure 11. Solution 1 for Single Shunt Stub ........................................................................ 12

Figure 12. Solution 2 for Single Shunt Stub ........................................................................ 12

Figure 13. Solution for Single Shunt Stub .......................................................................... 12

Figure 14. Single Series Stub Matlab GUI .......................................................................... 14

Figure 15. Soluiton 1 for Single Series Stub........................................................................ 14

Figure 16. Solution 2 for Single Series Stub....................................................................... 15

Figure 17. Solution for Single Series Stub.......................................................................... 15

Figure 18. Double Shunt Stub Matlab GUI ......................................................................... 17

Figure 19. Solution 1& Solution 2 for Double Shunt Stub ................................................ 17

Figure 20. Solution for Double Shunt Stub ......................................................................... 18

1

1. INTRODUCTION

This paper introduces radio frequency line simulation and design tool. This goal of

this project is to design a tool for transmission line. Also this project, I choose to use the

wide range of areas such communication and it has an abstract concept. When abstract

concepts changes concrete concepts, it is noteworthy. Transmission line is used for military

industry, communication, aerospace etc. Transmission lines are commonly used in power

distribution (low frequency) and in communications (high frequency).RF transmission

lines are high frequencies so I do not lumped element this project. Transmission line needs

analysis for use in these areas. Transmission line has some formulas. According to the case

and parameters, transmission line operates mathematically. Types of transmission line uses

coaxial line, two-wire line a parallel-plate etc. Particular transmission line uses coaxial

lines. The problem of transmission lines are solved using circuit theory and

electromagnetic field theory. Transmission line is used to serve different purposes. I

consider how transmission lines are used for load matching and impedance measurements.

Types of matching network are single stub and double stub. Transmission line needs

analysis for use in these as a result of their, computer programmer is analyzed by. These

concepts are better proffered by attach modern tools, such as Matlab for a certain analysis

of the problem and the display of the outcomes. This paper focuses on the oncoming used

to manage projects for solving single stub and double stub transmission line problem with

the Smith Chart using the scripts that were developed by the user. Simulation is used to

confirm for accuracy. It is simulated by manual programs. Simulation is the theoretical into

practical tab. Construction phase of this project will continue as follows

Modeling Transmission line

Simulation & Design Tool

Conclusion

1. Modeling Transmission Lines

2.1 Transmission Line

A transmission line is a device designed to guide electrical energy from one point to

another [1]. Transmission lines are used for military industry, communication etc.

2

Transmission line problems are solved using electromagnetic field theory and electric

circuit theory. The type of transmission lines are coaxial cable, a two-wire line, a parallel-

plate, a microstrip plane etc. Transmission lines have circuit components. The line

parameters are resistance per unit length R, inductance per unit L, conductance per unit

length G, and capacitance per unit length C.

Figure1: Transmission Line

In this project, transmission lines are solved using parameters. This parameters are speed

(Vp/c), propagation constant ( ), phase constant ( ), length , and the characteristic

impedance ( ).Cases of transmission line are lossless and low-loss. A case is the low loss

transmission line, where the reactive elements still take over but R and G cannot be

neglected as in a loss-line. 50 ohms is the most commonly used characteristic impedance. I

use the formula of transmission line at figure2.

Table1: Transmission Line Characteristics

Load impedances parameters are R, C, L. Load impedance calculates series or parallel. Its

solving way is at figure 2

3

Figure 2: Load Impedance Formulas

Input impedance is solved by Thevenin's equivalent circuit of the electrical network and

input impedance has formulas for example, input impedance has two formulas.

Figure 3: Input impedance due to a line terminated by a load

The input impedance (Zin), at distance from the load then. Its formulas are for

(Low Loss) (1)

(Lossless) (2)

For this formulas becomes showing that the input impedance varies periodically with

distance l from the load. The quantity Bl in usually referred to as the electrical length of

the line and can be expressed in degrees or radians. The reflection coefficient can be given

by the equations below, where Zo is the impedance toward the source; ZL is the impedance

toward the load: [2]

4

(3)

The standing wave ratio is the measurement of maximum voltage to minimize voltage on a

transmission line and measures the perfection of the termination of the line. A ratio of 1:1

describes a line terminated in its characteristic impedance.

(4)

The Smith Chart (Appendix A) is the most commonly used of graphical techniques in

solving high-frequency transmission line problems. Although there are a number of other

impedance and reflection coefficient chart that can be used for problems, the Smith chart is

probably the best known .The reflection coefficient is displayed graphically using a Smith

Chart. It is basically a graphical indication of the impedance of a transmission line as one

move along the line. The smith chart convert from the reflection coefficients to normalized

impedance and using the impedance circle printed on the chart. The locations of standing

wave ratio along the transmission line can be located using the Smith chart given that these

values correspond to specific impedance characteristics.

2.2 Matching Network

In many transmission-line applications, it is desired to match the load impedance to

the characteristic Impedance of the line and riddle reflections in order to maximize the

power delivered to the load and minimize signal distortion and noise. [3] In practice, the

impedance of a given load is different from the characteristic impedance of the

transmission line, and an additional impedance transformation network is needed to

achieve a matched load condition.

Factors in selection of a particular matching network

Complexity

Bandwidth

Implementation

Adjustability

5

Figure 4: Matching Network

Types of matching network are single stub, double stub, triple stub and quarter-

wave. In this project, I implemented two of matching network and I implemented single

stub and double stub. The transmission line actualizing the stub is normally completed by

an open or by a short. In many cases it is also it is suitable to choose the same

characteristic impedance used for the main line, though this is not necessary. The choice of

open or shorted stub will be based on practice on factors. A short stub is tents to escape

of electromagnetic radiation. Otherwise, an open stub is more practical than short stub. I

selected to clear open circuited stub or short circuited stub.

2.2.1 Single Stub

A single open circuited or short circuited stub can connect in either parallel or series with

the line to achieve impedance matching. The tuner consists of open or shorted section of

transmission line of length connected in parallel with the main line at some distance d

from the load as figure 5.

Figure 5: Single shunt and series stub circuited short and open

Two adjustable parameters are

The distance, d, from the load to the stub position

6

The value of susceptance or reactance provided by shunt or series stub

Single stub steps on Smith chart;

Locate the normalized load impedance ,ZL;

Draw the SWR circle and determine the line admittance

Move toward the load until you cross the r=1 circle

At this point ,the line admittance =1+jb

Add in a shunt load with input admittance=-jb

At this point ,the normalized admittance=1.Thus ,the line is matched the load

Single stub is a method of matching network. Single stub is to reactively load the line with

a shunt load rendering the net line impedance equal to the characteristic impedance. [4]

Matching can be supplied by adding two stubs at specified locations along transmission

line.

2.2.1 Double Stub

A double open circuited or short circuited stub can connect in either parallel or series with

the line to achieve impedance matching.

Figure 6: Double shunt and series stub circuited short and open

Double stub steps on Smith chart;

Locate the normalized load impedance ,ZL;

7

locate the corresponding admittance, yL ;

move yL d away from the load end to y1 ;

draw the rotated unit circle;

move along the resistance circle of y1 to the

interaction of the rotated unit circle, y2 ;

move along the resistance circle of y1 to the interaction of the rotated unit circle, y2

compute the first shortest length, l1 , based on the susceptance difference between

y1 and y2 ;

move y2 to y3 on the intended unit circle by rotating the rotated unit circle d

clockwise;

compute the second shortest length, l2 , based on the susceptance of y3 .

The double stub,which uses two tuning stubs in fixed positions,can be used.Such tuners are

often fabricated in coaxial line,with adjustable stubs connected in parallel to the main

coaxial line.Double stub tunner cannot match all load impedances.Shunt stub is usually

easier to implement in practice than series stubs.

3. Simulation & Design Tool

Due to advancement of technology, RF transmission lines calculate easier.

These technologies are software programs. At this project, using of transmission lines will

be low- loss line and lossless. This work is range of radio frequency. Frequency range of

radio frequencies is a rate of oscillation in the range of about 30 kHz to 300 GHz. I made

simulation. In this project, I implemented analytic solution of matching network. It is

helped to make matlab program about solving in transmission line. After to understand

analytic solution, I wrote code script. When solving problems, I have used to reference

Microwave Engineering (David M. Pozar ) [4] for analytic solution. First of all; I place the

desired parameter on Matlab GUI. I design to connect using the transmission line

8

components. Then I write matlab coding m-file (Appendix B). This paper focuses on the

approach used to conduct projects for solving stub transmission line problem with the

Smith Chart using the scripts that were developed by the authors.

Example Program

A 0.0001m-long low-loss transmission line with Zo=50 ohm operating at 2 GHz is

terminated with a load ZL=60-j80 ohm. If Vp/c=0.6c on the line. The process is illustrated

starting with figure 7where complex value of ZL is indicated by the user. Depending upon

the input variables and selections made by user while defining the inputs for the selected

design, the appropriate parameters are calculated and displayed. The first result displayed

in this case figure7 is a plot of reflection coefficient versus frequency for each of the single

stub solutions that are possible. The final results are displayed in the Smith chart such as

figure 8. It is showed start frequency and stop frequency in smith chart by.

Figure 7: No matching network case

9

Figure 8: Solution for no matching network case

Figure 9: No matching network case solution

Single Shunt Stub Analytic Solution

To derive formulas for d and l , let the load impedance be written as ZL=1/YL=RL+jXL.

Then the impedance Z down a lenght d,of line from the load is

Where t=tand. The admittance at this point is

Where

10

Now d is chosen so that G=Yo=1/Zo. From this results is an quadratic equation for t;

If RL=Zo, then t=-XL/2Zo.Thus,the two principal solutions for d are

=

To find the required stub lengths, first use t find the stub susceptance, Bs=-B. Then, for an

open-circuited stub,

= ,

While for a short-circuited stub,

(

If the length given lo or ls is negative, /2 can be added to give a positive result.

Another Program Example

A single shunt stub short circuited matching network for a load impedance of ZL=60-j80

ohm is shown as an example. The line impedance is 50 ohm and design frequency is 2

Ghz. The process is illustrated starting with figure 10 where complex value of ZL is

indicated by the user. Depending upon the input variables and selections made by user

while defining the inputs for the selected design, the appropriate parameters are calculated

and displayed. The first result displayed in this case figure10 is a plot of reflection

coefficient versus frequency for each of the single stub solutions that are possible. The

final results are displayed in the Smith chart such as figure 11 and figure 12. It is showed

start frequency and stop frequency in smith chart by.

11

Figure 10: Single Shunt Stub Matlab GUI

The final result is showing the Smith chart

Figure 11: Solution 1 for Single Shunt Stub

12

Figure 12:Solution2 for Single Shunt Stub

Figure 13: Solution for Single Shunt Stub

Single Series Stub Analytic Solution

To derive formulas for d and l, let the load impedance be written as YL=1/ZL=GL+jBL.

Then the impedance Y down a lenght d,of line from the load is

Where t=tand. The admittance at this point is

13

Where

Now d is chosen so that R=Zo=1/Yo. From this results is an quadratic equation for t;

If RL=Zo, then t=-XL/2Zo.Thus,the two principal solutions for d are

=

To find the required stub lengths, first use t find the stub susceptance, Xs=-X. Then, for an

open-circuited stub,

= ,

While for a short-circuited stub,

(

If the length given lo or ls is negative, /2 can be added to give a positive result.


A single series stub matching network for a load impedance of ZL=100+j80 ohm is shown

as an example. The line impedance is 50 ohm and design frequency is 2 Ghz. The process

is illustrated starting with figure 14 where complex value of ZL is indicated by the user.

Depending upon the input variables and selections made by user while defining the inputs

for the selected design, the appropriate parameters are calculated and displayed. The first

result displayed in this case figure14 is a plot of reflection coefficient versus frequency for

each of the single stub solutions that are possible. The final results are displayed in the

14

Smith chart such as figure 15 and figure 16. It is showed start frequency and stop

frequency in smith chart by.

Figure 14: Single Series Stub Matlab GUI

The final result is showing the Smith chart

Figure 15: Solution 1 for single series stub

15

Figure 16: Solution 2 for single series stub

Figure 17: Solution for single series stub

Double Shunt Stub Analytic Solution

Where YL=GL+jBL; is load admittance and B1 is the susteptance of the first stub.After

transforming through a length d of transmission line,admittance just to the right of the

second stub is

16

Where t=tanBd and Yo=1/Zo.At this point,the real part of Y2 must equal Yo,which leads

to the equation

that can be matched for a given stub spacing, d. After d has been ,the first stub susceptance

can be determined from as

Then the second stub substance can be found from the negative of the imaginary part of to

be

The upper and lower signs in correspond to the same solution.the open circuited stub

length is found as

= ,

While the short circuited stub length is found as

(


A double parallel stub matching network for a load impedance of ZL=60-j80 ohm is shown

as an example. The line impedance is 50 ohm and design frequency is 2 Ghz. The process

is illustrated starting with figure 18 where complex value of ZL is indicated by the user.

Depending upon the input variables and selections made by user while defining the inputs

for the selected design, the appropriate parameters are calculated and displayed. The first

17

result displayed in this case figure18 is a plot of reflection coefficient versus frequency for

each of the single stub solutions that are possible. The final results are displayed in the

Smith chart such as figure 19. It is showed start frequency and stop frequency in smith

chart by.

Figure 18: Double Shunt Stub Matlab GUI

Figure 19: Solution1 & Solution 2 for double shunt stub

18

Figure 20: Solution for double shunt stub

19

4. Conclusion

For this project, I learned theorically about transmission line, matching network.

This theoretical information, I learn to make advantage of the programs for

implementation. The end of project design a GUI-based tool to simulate in frequency

domain the input impedance of arbitrary series and parallel connection of transmission

lines and simple passive lumped components with in a user-defined frequency range. The

input impedance to should also be capable of synthesizing a matching network to

transform the input impedance level. Among the problems that can be solved by the

toolbox are no matching network case, the single stub and double stub problems. For these

problems, the stubs could be either open or short, but they must be in the shunt

configuration. The toolbox can be solving these problems either analytically or graphically.

The analytical method implements the design equations in the form of a single Matlab

command, while the graphical method completes the design process interactively on The

Smith Chart. The analytical method provides an exact solution to the problem and can

readily be embedded in a larger design program. When used as a graphical tool, the

toolbox is particularly valuable to those interested in learning more about transmission line

applications through visualization. A result of working code completed the goal.

20

APPENDIX A

21

APPENDIX B

Matlab M-file Coding(Matlab 2010 b)

function varargout=sonhal(varargin)

close all; clear all; clc;

fh = figure('Visible','on','Name','Transmission Line Tools',... 'MenuBar','none',....

'Color',[0.4 0.4 0.5],... 'Position', [520 383 839 417]); ph= uipanel('Parent',fh,'Title','Transmission Line Parameters',... Transmission Line

parameters 'Units','pixels',....

'Position',[0 241 170 157]); sth=uicontrol(ph,'Style','text',... Zo yzeyine static text kutusu 'Units','pixels',....

'String','Zo',.... 'Position',[3 121 52 14]);

eth0=uicontrol(ph,'Style','edit',... Zo yzeyine edit kutusu ekleme 'Units','pixels',.... 'BackgroundColor',[1 1 1], ...

'String','50',... 'Position',[59 111 51 22]);

sth0=uicontrol(ph,'Style','text',... Zo yzeyine static text kutusu 'Units','pixels',... 'String','ohm',...

'Position',[112 110 52 16]); sth1=uicontrol(ph,'Style','text',... alpha yzeyine static text kutusu

'Units','pixels',.... 'String','alpha',... 'Position',[3 88 52 14]);

eth1=uicontrol(ph,'Style','edit',... alpha yzeyine edit kutusu ekleme 'Units','pixels',...

'BackgroundColor',[1 1 1], ... 'String','0.0002',... 'Position',[59 78 51 22]);

sth11=uicontrol(ph,'Style','text',...alpha yzeyine static text kutusu 'Units','pixels',...

'String','dB/m',... 'Position',[119 83 41 14]);

22

sth69=uicontrol(fh,'Style','text',...C GUI yzeyine static text kutusu

'Units','pixels',... 'String','Saliha Kaykun eee|student|istanbul|2011',...

'BackgroundColor',[0.4 0.4 0.5],... 'Position',[36 6 198 32]); sth2=uicontrol(ph,'Style','text',...lenght yzeyine static text kutusu

'Units','pixels',... 'String','Lenght',...

'Position',[3 55 52 14]); eth2=uicontrol(ph,'Style','edit',... lenght GUI yzeyine edit kutusu ekleme 'Units','pixels',...

'BackgroundColor',[1 1 1], ... 'String','0.0001',...

'Position',[59 45 51 22]); sth22=uicontrol(ph,'Style','text',...lenght GUI yzeyine static text kutusu 'Units','pixels',...

'String','m',... 'Position',[111 47 52 14]);

sth3=uicontrol(ph,'Style','text',...Vp GUI yzeyine static text kutusu 'Units','pixels',... 'String','Vp/c',...

'Position',[3 22 52 14 ]); eth3=uicontrol(ph,'Style','edit',... Vp GUI yzeyine edit kutusu ekleme

'Units','pixels',... 'String','0.6',... 'BackgroundColor',[1 1 1], ...

'Position',[59 12 51 22]); ph1 = uipanel('Parent',fh,'Title','Load Impedance',... Load Impedance

'Units','pixels',... 'Position',[170 241 194 157]); bgh = uibuttongroup(ph1,'Title','',... Load Impedance

'Units','pixels',... 'Position',[3 93 187 43]);

rbh1 = uicontrol(bgh,'Style','radiobutton','String','Series',...Series 'Units','pixels',... ekleme 'Position',[5 4 87 23]);

rbh2 = uicontrol(bgh,'Style','radiobutton','String','Parallel',... Paralel 'Units','pixels',... ekleme

'Position',[95 5 87 24]); sth4=uicontrol(ph1,'Style','text',...C GUI yzeyine static text kutusu 'Units','pixels',...

'String','C',... 'Position',[3 49 52 14]);

eth4=uicontrol(ph1,'Style','edit',... C GUI yzeyine edit kutusu ekleme 'Units','pixels',... 'BackgroundColor',[1 1 1], ...

'String','0.995',... 'Position',[64 40 51 22]);

23

sth44=uicontrol(ph1,'Style','text',...C GUI yzeyine static text kutusu

'Units','pixels',... 'String','pF',...

'Position',[119 42 52 14]); sth5=uicontrol(ph1,'Style','text',...R GUI yzeyine static text kutusu 'Units','pixels',...

'String','R',... 'Position',[ 4 74 52 14]);

eth5=uicontrol(ph1,'Style','edit',... R GUI yzeyine edit kutusu ekleme 'Units','pixels',... 'BackgroundColor',[1 1 1], ...

'String','60',... 'Position',[64 65 51 22]);

sth55=uicontrol(ph1,'Style','text',...R GUI yzeyine static text kutusu 'Units','pixels',... 'String','ohm',...

'Position',[119 68 52 14]); sth6=uicontrol(ph1,'Style','text',...L GUI yzeyine static text kutusu

'Units','pixels',.... 'String','L',... 'Position',[4 24 52 15]);

eth6=uicontrol(ph1,'Style','edit',... L GUI yzeyine edit kutusu ekleme 'Units','pixels',....


sth66=uicontrol(ph1,'Style','text',...L GUI yzeyine static text kutusu 'Units','pixels',...

'String','nH',... 'Position',[119 18 52 14]); ph2 = uipanel('Parent',fh,'Title','Matching Network',... Matching network


bgh2 = uibuttongroup(ph2,'Title','',... 'Units','pixels',... 'Position',[5 87 81 57]);

rbh3 = uicontrol(bgh2,'Style','radiobutton','String','Yes',...Yes 'Units','pixels',... ekleme

'Position',[8 8 60 23]); rbh4 = uicontrol(bgh2,'Style','radiobutton','String','No',... No 'Units','pixels',... ekleme

'Position',[9 30 60 23]); bgh61 = uibuttongroup(ph2,'Title','',...

'Units','pixels',... 'Position',[94 87 103 59]); rbh31 = uicontrol(bgh61,'Style','radiobutton','String','Single Stub',...Yes

'Units','pixels',... ekleme 'Position',[9 32 87 23]);

24

rbh32 = uicontrol(bgh61,'Style','radiobutton','String','Double Stub',... No


bgh3 = uibuttongroup(ph2,'Title','Single Stub',... Single Stub 'Units','pixels',... 'Position',[201 75 210 81]);

bgh4= uibuttongroup(bgh3,'Title','',... 'Units','pixels',...

'Position',[6 10 118 54]); rbh6 = uicontrol(bgh4,'Style','radiobutton','String','Series',...Series 'Units','pixels',... ekleme

'Position',[6 28 62 23]); rbh7 = uicontrol(bgh4,'Style','radiobutton','String','Parallel',... Paralel

'Units','pixels',... ekleme 'Position',[6 5 61 23]); bgh5= uibuttongroup(bgh3,'Title','',...


rbh8 = uicontrol(bgh5,'Style','radiobutton','String','Open',...Open 'Units','pixels',... ekleme 'Position',[8 25 53 25]);

rbh9 = uicontrol(bgh5,'Style','radiobutton','String','Short',... Short 'Units','pixels',... ekleme

'Position',[9 6 54 24]); bgh79 = uibuttongroup(ph2,'Title','Double Stub',... Double Stub 'Units','pixels',...

'Position',[4 4 433 82]); bgh52= uibuttongroup(bgh79,'Title','',... Double Stub

'Units','pixels',... 'Position',[6 10 96 50]); rbh20 = uicontrol(bgh52,'Style','radiobutton','String','Series',...Series


rbh21 = uicontrol(bgh52,'Style','radiobutton','String','Parallel',... Paralel 'Units','pixels',... ekleme 'Position',[4 2 87 23]);

bgh28= uibuttongroup(bgh79,'Title','',... 'Units','pixels',...

'Position',[114 9 77 53]); rbh43 = uicontrol(bgh28,'Style','radiobutton','String','Open',...Open 'Units','pixels',... ekleme

'Position',[6 28 63 23]); rbh53 = uicontrol(bgh28,'Style','radiobutton','String','Short',... Short

'Units','pixels',... ekleme 'Position',[6 5 62 24]); sth7=uicontrol(bgh79,'Style','text',... d yzeyine static text kutusu

'Units','pixels',.... 'String','d',....

25

'Position',[195 29 35 15]);

eth7=uicontrol(bgh79,'Style','edit',... d yzeyine edit kutusu ekleme 'Units','pixels',....


sth77=uicontrol(bgh79,'Style','text',... d yzeyine static text kutusu 'Units','pixels',...

'String','lambda',... 'Position',[288 30 44 14]); bgh35= uibuttongroup(bgh79,'Title','',...


rbh10 = uicontrol(bgh35,'Style','radiobutton','String','Short',...Short 'Units','pixels',... ekleme 'Position',[4 27 61 23]);

rbh11 = uicontrol(bgh35,'Style','radiobutton','String','Open',... Open 'Units','pixels',... ekleme

'Position',[6 6 60 23]); ph3= uipanel('Parent',fh,... GUI yzeyine panel ekleme 'Units','pixels',...

'Position',[0 84 201 144]); sth8=uicontrol(ph3,'Style','text',...fmatches GUI yzeyine static text kutusu

'Units','pixels',... 'String','fmatches',... 'Position',[19 104 52 14]);

eth8=uicontrol(ph3,'Style','edit',... fmatches GUI yzeyine edit kutusu ekleme 'Units','pixels',...

'String','2',... 'BackgroundColor',[1 1 1], ... 'Position',[84 103 51 22]);

sth88=uicontrol(ph3,'Style','text',...fmatches GUI yzeyine static text kutusu 'Units','pixels',...

'String','Ghz',... 'Position',[136 105 52 14]); sth9=uicontrol(ph3,'Style','text',...fstart GUI yzeyine static text kutusu

'Units','pixels',... 'String','fstart',...

'Position',[17 73 52 14]); eth9=uicontrol(ph3,'Style','edit',... fstart GUI yzeyine edit kutusu ekleme 'Units','pixels',...

'String','1',... 'BackgroundColor',[1 1 1], ...

'Position',[84 70 51 22]); sth99=uicontrol(ph3,'Style','text',...fstart GUI yzeyine static text kutusu 'Units','pixels',...

'String','Ghz',... 'Position',[136 72 52 14]);

26

sth10=uicontrol(ph3,'Style','text',...fstop GUI yzeyine static text kutusu

'Units','pixels',... 'String','fstop',...

'Position',[21 46 52 14]); eth10=uicontrol(ph3,'Style','edit',... fstop GUI yzeyine edit kutusu ekleme 'Units','pixels',....

'String','3',... 'BackgroundColor',[1 1 1], ...

'Position',[84 37 51 22]); sth100=uicontrol(ph3,'Style','text',...fstop GUI yzeyine static text kutusu 'Units','pixels',...

'String','Ghz',... 'Position',[136 38 52 14]);

sth11=uicontrol(ph3,'Style','text',...#of points GUI yzeyine static text kutusu 'Units','pixels',... 'String','number of points',...

'Position',[0 9 81 28]); eth11=uicontrol(ph3,'Style','edit',... #of points GUI yzeyine edit kutusu ekleme

'Units','pixels',.... 'String','11',... 'BackgroundColor',[1 1 1], ...

'Position',[84 4 51 22]); ah = axes('Parent',fh,... GRAFIK CIZIMI

'Units','pixels',... 'Position',[337 57 351 160]); pbh1=uicontrol(fh,'Style','pushbutton','String','RUN',... RUN

'Units','pixels',... ekleme 'Callback',@pbh1_Callback,...

'Position',[249 6 151 32]); pbh2= uicontrol(fh,'Style','pushbutton','String','EXIT',... EXIT 'Units','pixels',...ekleme

'Callback',@pbh2_Callback,... 'Position',[600 8 151 30]);

sth69=uicontrol(fh,'Style','text',...C GUI yzeyine static text kutusu 'Units','pixels',... 'String','Saliha Kaykun eee|student|istanbul|2011',...

'BackgroundColor',[0.4 0.4 0.5],... 'Position',[36 6 198 32]);

handle_list=[ph,sth,eth0,sth0,sth1,eth1,sth11,sth2,... eth2,sth22,sth3,eth3,.... ph1,bgh,rbh1,rbh2,sth5,eth5,sth55,sth4,eth4,sth44,sth6,eth6,sth66,...

ph2,bgh2,rbh4,rbh3,bgh61,rbh31,rbh32,bgh3,bgh4,rbh6,rbh7,bgh5,rbh8,rbh9,... bgh79,bgh52,rbh20,rbh21,bgh28,rbh43,rbh53,sth7,eth7,sth77,bgh35,rbh10,rbh11,...

ph3,sth8,eth8,sth88,sth9,eth9,sth99,sth10,eth10,sth100,sth11,sth69,eth11,... ah,pbh1,pbh2]; set(handle_list,'units','normalized')

function smithc figure;

27

phase=0:0.1:2*pi+0.1;

for r=0:0.5:2 z = (r/(r+1) + 1/(r+1)*exp(j*phase));

plot(z,'Linewidth', 1); hold on; end

max_phase=[0.93 1.57 1.97]; for x=1:3

k=max_phase(x); phase=-k:0.01:0; x=x*0.5;

z=((x+1)/x - 1/x*exp(j*phase))*j+1-j; plot(z, 'Linewidth', 1);

hold on; end for x=-3:-1

k=max_phase(-1*x); x=x*0.5;

phase=0:0.01:k; z=((x+1)/x - 1/x*exp(j*phase))*j+1-j; plot(z, 'Linewidth', 1);

hold on end

axis('equal'); axis('off'); plot([-1 1],[0 0]);

hold on; max_phase=[0.85, 0.79, 0.73, 0.69];

c=1; for r=0.1:0.1:0.4 k=max_phase(c);

phase=pi-k:0.01:pi+k; z = (r/(r+1) + 1/(r+1)*exp(j*phase));

plot(z,'b'); c=c+1; hold on;

end max_phase=[0.2, 0.395, 0.58, 0.76 ];

min_phase=[0.132, 0.265, 0.395, 0.52 ]; for x=1:4 k=max_phase(x);

d=min_phase(x); phase=-k:0.002:-d;

x=x*0.1; z=((x+1)/x - 1/x*exp(j*phase))*j+1-j; plot(z);

hold on; z=((x+1)/x - 1/x*exp(j*phase))*j+1-j;

28

z2=real(z)-j*imag(z);

plot(z2); end

title('Smith Chart for Znorm=R+jX'); text(0.39, 0.95,'X=1.5'); %Gives the values of circles on the Chart. text(0.02,0.95,'X=1');

text(-0.59,0.8,'X=0.5'); text(0.39, -0.95,'X=-1.5');

text(0.02,-0.95,'X=-1'); text(-0.59,-0.8,'X=-0.5'); text(-0.98,0.05,'0');

text(0.02,0.05,'1'); text(-0.32,0.05,'0.5');

text(0.42,0.05,'2'); end function pbh1_Callback(Object, eventdata, handle_list)

Zo=str2double(get(eth0,'string')); alpha=str2double(get(eth1,'string'));

lenght=str2double(get(eth2,'string')); Vp=str2double(get(eth3,'string')); C=str2double(get(eth4,'string'));

R=str2double(get(eth5,'string')); L=str2double(get(eth6,'string'));

fmatches=str2double(get(eth8,'string')); fstart=str2double(get(eth9,'string')); fstop=str2double(get(eth10,'string'));

numberofpoints=str2double(get(eth11,'string')); d=str2double(get(eth7,'string'));

Beta1=(2*pi*fmatches*1e9)/(Vp*3e8); fstep=(fstop-fstart)/(numberofpoints-1); f=(fstart:fstep:fstop);

w2=2*pi*f ; w1=2*pi*fmatches;

Beta2=(2*pi.*f*1e9)./(Vp*3e8); lambda=(2*pi)/Beta1; gamma=(alpha/8.686)+(j*Beta2);

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%LOAD IMPEDANCE%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%% impedance=get(rbh1,'value');

switch impedance case 1 %SERIES ZL1=(R+(j*w1*L)+(1/(j*w1*C*1e-3))); %%%matching network var

ZL2=(R+(j*w2.*L)+(1./(j*w2.*C*1e-3))); %%%matching network yok fprintf('%10.4g+ %10.4fi ZLoad \n',real(ZL1),imag(ZL1)); .........ORNEK SADECE

29

case 0 %PARALLEL

ZL1=1/((1/R)+(1/(j*w1*L))+(j*w1*C*1e-3)); %%%matching network yok ZL2=1./(1/R+(1./(j*w2.*L))+(j*w2.*C*1e-3)); %%%matching network yok

fprintf('%5.4g+ %5.4fi ZLoad \n',real(ZL1),imag(ZL1)); .........ORNEK SADECE end Zin1=Zo*(ZL1+(j*Zo*tan(Beta1*lenght)))/(Zo+j*ZL1*tan(Beta1*lenght)); %matching

network yok Zin2=Zo*(ZL2+Zo.*tanh(gamma*lenght))./(Zo+(ZL2.*tanh(gamma*lenght)));

%matching network varsay Yin1=1/Zin1; Yin2=1./Zin2;

Yo=1./Zo; matching=get(rbh4,'value');

switch matching % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % %%%% No MATCHING%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % case 1

reflection=(Zin2-Zo)./(Zin2+Zo); SWR=(1+abs(reflection))./(1-abs(reflection));

zL=Zin2./Zo; fprintf('%d reflection(fstart)\n',abs(reflection(fstart))); .........reflection plot(f,abs(reflection),'ro--');

legend('solution ',0); xlabel('f*1e9');

ylabel('|\Gamma|'); smithc; for n=1:length(Zin2)

plot(real(reflection(n)), imag(reflection(n)),'yellow*'); end;

a=nearest((Zin2(fstart))/Zo); plot(real(reflection(fstart)), imag(reflection(fstart)),'whiteo','Linewidth',6); k=text(real(reflection(fstart))+0.02, imag(reflection(fstart))+0.02, ['zin2=', num2str(a)]);

k=text(real(reflection(fstart))+0.15, imag(reflection(fstart))+0.15, ['fstart=', num2str(fstart)]);

set (k, 'BackgroundColor', 'w'); b=nearest((Zin2(n))/Zo); plot(real(reflection(n)), imag(reflection(n)),'blacko','Linewidth',6);

e=text(real(reflection(n))+0.02, imag(reflection(n))+0.02, ['zin2=', num2str(b)]); e=text(real(reflection(n))+0.15, imag(reflection(n))+0.15, ['fstop=', num2str(fstop)]);

set (e, 'BackgroundColor', 'w'); % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % %%%%MATCHING NETWORK%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

30

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % case 0

sstub=get(rbh31,'value'); switch sstub case 1

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % %%%%SINGLE STUB%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

series=get(rbh6,'value'); switch series

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % % % % % % % SERIES % % % % % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

case 1 GL = real(Yin1);

BL = imag(Yin1); Zin1=1./Yo; if (GL==Yo),

t1 = -BL./(2*Yo); t2=t1;

else t1 = (BL+sqrt(GL.*((Yo-GL).^2+BL.^2)./Yo))./(GL-Yo); t2 = (BL-sqrt(GL.*((Yo-GL).^2+BL.^2)./Yo))./(GL-Yo);

end if (t1 >= 0),

D1=lambda./2./pi.*atan(t1); else D1=lambda./2./pi.*(pi+atan(t1));

end; if (t2 >= 0),

D2=lambda./2./pi.*atan(t2); else D2=lambda./2./pi.*(pi+atan(t2));

end; X1 = (GL.^2.*t1-(Yo-BL.*t1).*(BL+Yo.*t1))./(Yo.*(GL.^2+(BL+Yo.*t1).^2));

X2 = (GL.^2.*t2-(Yo-BL.*t2).*(BL+Yo.*t2))./(Yo.*(GL.^2+(BL+Yo.*t2).^2)); singlestub=get(rbh8,'value'); %%%%% Single stub open short hali switch singlestub

case 0 %%%sghort L1 =-(lambda./2./pi.*atan(X1./Zin1));

L2 =-(lambda./2./pi.*atan(X2./Zin1)); case 1 % L1 =lambda./2./pi.*atan(Zin1./X1);

L2 =lambda./2./pi.*atan(Zin1./X2); end;

31

if (L1 < 0),

L1 = L1 + lambda./2; end;

if (L2 < 0), L2 = L2 + lambda./2; end;

fprintf('%d d2 Solution 1\n',D2./lambda); fprintf('%d L2 Solution 1 \n',L2./lambda);

fprintf('%d d1 Solution2 \n',D1./lambda); fprintf('%d L1 Solution 2 \n',L1./lambda); Ztline1=(Yo+(j*Yin2.*tan(Beta2.*D1)))./(Yo.*(Yin2+(j*Yo.*tan(Beta2.*D1))));

Ztline2=(Yo+(j*Yin2.*tan(Beta2.*D2)))./(Yo.*(Yin2+(j*Yo.*tan(Beta2.*D2)))); switch singlestub

case 1 %%%Short Zstub1=(-(j*cot(Beta2.*L1))./Yo); Zstub2=(-(j*cot(Beta2.*L2))./Yo);

case 0 %%%open Zstub1=(j*tan(Beta2.*L1)./Yo);

Zstub2=(j*tan(Beta2.*L2)./Yo); end; Z1=Ztline1+Zstub1;

Z2=Ztline2+Zstub2; reflection3=(Z1-Zo)./(Z1+Zo);

reflection4=(Z2-Zo)./(Z2+Zo); SWR3=(1+abs(reflection3))./(1-abs(reflection3)); SWR4=(1+abs(reflection4))./(1-abs(reflection4));

plot(f,abs(reflection3),'k*:',f,abs(reflection4),'rs--'); % fprintf('%5.4g+ i%5.4f Z1\n',real(Z1),imag(Z1)); .........ORNEK SADECE

% fprintf('%5.4g+ i%5.4f Z2\n',real(Z2),imag(Z2)); .........ORNEK SADECE xlabel('f*1e9'); ylabel('|\Gamma|');

legend('solution 1','solution 2',0); %%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%

% % % % % % % Smith Chart ta Gosterimi %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % % % % % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

smithc; for n=1:length(Z1)

plot(real(reflection3(n)), imag(reflection3(n)),'yellow*'); end; a=nearest((Z1(fstart))/Zo);

plot(real(reflection3(fstart)), imag(reflection3(fstart)),'whiteo','Linewidth',6); k=text(real(reflection3(fstart))+0.02, imag(reflection3(fstart))+0.02, ['zin2=',

num2str(a)]); k=text(real(reflection3(fstart))+0.15, imag(reflection3(fstart))+0.15, ['fstart=', num2str(fstart)]);

set (k, 'BackgroundColor', 'w'); b=nearest((Z1(n))/Zo);

32

plot(real(reflection3(n)), imag(reflection3(n)),'black*','Linewidth',6);

e=text(real(reflection3(n))+0.02, imag(reflection3(n))+0.02, ['zin2=', num2str(b)]); e=text(real(reflection3(n))+0.15, imag(reflection3(n))+0.15, ['fstop=', num2str(fstop)]);

set (e, 'BackgroundColor', 'w'); smithc; for n=1:length(Z2)

plot(real(reflection4(n)), imag(reflection4(n)),'yellow*'); end;

t=nearest((Z2(fstart))/Zo); plot(real(reflection4(fstart)), imag(reflection4(fstart)),'whiteo','Linewidth',6); g=text(real(reflection4(fstart))+0.02, imag(reflection4(fstart))+0.02, ['zin2=',

num2str(t)]); g=text(real(reflection4(fstart))+0.15, imag(reflection4(fstart))+0.15, ['fstart=',

num2str(fstart)]); set (g, 'BackgroundColor', 'w'); b=nearest((Z2(n))/Zo);

plot(real(reflection4(n)), imag(reflection4(n)),'black*','Linewidth',6); o=text(real(reflection4(n))+0.06, imag(reflection4(n))+0.06, ['zin2=', num2str(b)]);

o=text(real(reflection4(n))+0.15, imag(reflection4(n))+0.15, ['fstop=', num2str(fstop)]); set (o, 'BackgroundColor', 'w'); %%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%

% % % % % % % PARALLEL %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % % % % % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

case 0 %Parallel RL = real(Zin1); XL = imag(Zin1);

Yin1=1./Zo; if (RL== Zo),

t1 = -XL./(2*Zo); t2=t1; else

t1 = (XL+sqrt(RL.*((Zo-RL).^2+XL.^2)./Zo))./(RL-Zo); t2 = (XL-sqrt(RL.*((Zo-RL).^2+XL.^2)./Zo))./(RL-Zo);

end; if (t1 >= 0), D1 = lambda./2./pi.*atan(t1);

else D1 =lambda./2./pi.*(pi+atan(t1));

end; if (t2 >= 0), D2 = lambda./2./pi.*atan(t2);

else D2 = lambda./2./pi.*(pi+atan(t2));

end; B1 = (RL.^2.*t1-(Zo-XL.*t1).*(XL+Zo.*t1))./(Zo.*(RL.^2+(XL+Zo.*t1).^2)); B2 = (RL.^2.*t2-(Zo-XL.*t2).*(XL+Zo.*t2))./(Zo.*(RL.^2+(XL+Zo.*t2).^2));

% fprintf('%d X1\n',B1); % fprintf('%d X2\n',B2);

33

singlestub=get(rbh8,'value'); %%%%%%Single stub open short hali

switch singlestub case 1 %%%Open

L1 = -lambda./2./pi.*atan(B1./Yin1); L2 = -lambda./2./pi.*atan(B2./Yin1); case 0 %%%short

L1 = lambda./2./pi.*atan(Yin1./B1); L2 = lambda./2./pi.*atan(Yin1./B2);

end; if (L1 < 0), L1 = L1 + lambda./2;

end; if (L2 < 0),

L2 = L2 + lambda./2; end; fprintf('%d d1 Solution1 \n',D1./lambda);

fprintf('%d L1 Solution 1 \n',L1./lambda); fprintf('%d d2 Solution 2\n',D2./lambda);

fprintf('%d L2 Solution 2 \n',L2./lambda); Ytline1=(Zo+(j*Zin2.*tan(Beta2.*D1)))./(Zo.*(Zin2+j*Zo.*tan(Beta2.*D1))); Ytline2=(Zo+(j*Zin2.*tan(Beta2.*D2)))./(Zo.*(Zin2+j*Zo.*tan(Beta2.*D2)));

switch singlestub case 1 %%%Open

Ystub1=(j*tan(Beta2.*L1))./Zo; Ystub2=(j*tan(Beta2.*L2))./Zo; case 0 %%%short

Ystub1=1./(j*tan(Beta2.*L1)*Zo); Ystub2=1./(j*tan(Beta2.*L2)*Zo);

end; Z1=Ytline1+Ystub1; Z2=Ytline2+Ystub2;

Y1=1./Z1; Y2=1./Z2;

reflection1=(Y1-Zo)./(Y1+Zo); reflection2=(Y2-Zo)./(Y2+Zo); SWR1=(1+abs(reflection1))./(1-abs(reflection1));

SWR2=(1+abs(reflection2))./(1-abs(reflection2)); plot(f,abs(reflection1),'k*:',f,abs(reflection2),'rs--');

xlabel('f*1e9'); ylabel('|\Gamma|'); legend('solution 1','solution 2',0);

%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%% % % % % % % % Smith Chart ta Gosterimi

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % % % % % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% smithc;

for n=1:length(Y1) plot(real(reflection1(n)), imag(reflection1(n)),'yellow*');

34

end;

a=nearest((Y1(fstart))/Zo); plot(real(reflection1(fstart)), imag(reflection1(fstart)),'whiteo','Linewidth',6);

k=text(real(reflection1(fstart))+0.02, imag(reflection1(fstart))+0.02, ['zin2=', num2str(a)]); k=text(real(reflection1(fstart))+0.15, imag(reflection1(fstart))+0.15, ['fstart=',

num2str(fstart)]); set (k, 'BackgroundColor', 'w');

b=nearest((Y1(n))/Zo); plot(real(reflection1(n)), imag(reflection1(n)),'black*','Linewidth',6); e=text(real(reflection1(n))+0.02, imag(reflection1(n))+0.02, ['zin2=', num2str(b)]);

e=text(real(reflection1(n))+0.15, imag(reflection1(n))+0.15, ['fstop=', num2str(fstop)]); set (e, 'BackgroundColor', 'w');

smithc; for n=1:length(Y2) plot(real(reflection2(n)), imag(reflection2(n)),'yellow*');

end; t=nearest((Y2(fstart))/Zo);

plot(real(reflection2(fstart)), imag(reflection2(fstart)),'whiteo','Linewidth',6); g=text(real(reflection2(fstart))+0.02, imag(reflection2(fstart))+0.02, ['zin2=', num2str(t)]);

g=text(real(reflection2(fstart))+0.15, imag(reflection2(fstart))+0.15, ['fstart=', num2str(fstart)]);

set (g, 'BackgroundColor', 'w'); b=nearest((Y2(n))/Zo); plot(real(reflection2(n)), imag(reflection2(n)),'black*','Linewidth',6);

o=text(real(reflection2(n))+0.06, imag(reflection2(n))+0.06, ['zin2=', num2str(b)]); o=text(real(reflection2(n))+0.15, imag(reflection2(n))+0.15, ['fstop=', num2str(fstop)]);

set (o, 'BackgroundColor', 'w'); end % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

% % % % % % % % %%%%Double STUB%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % case 0

dstub=get(rbh20,'value'); %%%Double Stub %SERIES switch dstub

case 1 %SERIES zL = Zin1/Zo; yL = 1/zL;

rL = real(zL); xL = imag(zL);

t = tan(2*pi*d); b = sqrt(rL*(1+t^2)-rL^2*t^2); X1 = -xL + ((1 + b)/t);

X11 = -xL + ((1-b)/t); X2 = (b + rL)/(rL*t);

35

X22 = (-b + rL)/(rL*t);

open=get(rbh43,'value'); %%%Double Stub switch open

case 1 %D1 OPEN d1 = atan(1./X1)/(2*pi) ; d2 = atan(1./X11)/(2*pi) ;

if (d2 < 0), d2 = d2 + 1/2;

end; if (d1 < 0), d1 = d1 + 1/2;

end; Zstub1=j*tan(Beta1*d1*lambda);

Zstub11=j*tan(Beta1*d2*lambda); Z1=zL+Zstub1; Z11=zL+Zstub11;

open2=get(rbh11,'value'); %%%Double Stub switch open2

case 1 %D2 OPEN d11 = atan(1./X2)/(2*pi) ; d22= atan(1./X22)/(2*pi) ;

if (d22 < 0), d22= d22 + 1/2;

end; if (d11 < 0), d11= d11+ 1/2;

end; Z2=(Z1+j*tan(Beta1*d*lambda))/(1+j*Z1*tan(Beta1*d*lambda));

Z22=(Z11+j*tan(Beta1*d*lambda))/(1+j*Z11*tan(Beta1*d*lambda)); ZA1 = Z2+j*tan(Beta2.*d11*lambda); ZA11 = Z22+j*tan(Beta2.*d22*lambda);

case 0 % D2 SHORT d11 =atan(X2)./(2*pi) ;

d22 =atan(X22)./(2*pi) ; if (d22 < 0), d22= d22 + 1/2;

end if (d11< 0),

d11= d11 + 1/2; end Z2=(Z1+j*tan(Beta1*d*lambda))/(1+j*Z1*tan(Beta1*d*lambda));

Z22=(Z11+j*tan(Beta1*d*lambda))/(1+j*Z11*tan(Beta1*d*lambda)); ZA1 = Z2-j*cot(Beta2.*d11*lambda);

ZA11 = Z22 -j*cot(Beta2.*d22*lambda); end case 0 % D1 SHORT

d1 = atan(X1)/(2*pi) ; d2=atan(X11)/(2*pi) ;

36

if (d2 < 0),

d2 = d2 + 1/2; end;

if (d1 < 0), d1 = d1 + 1/2; end;

if (d2 < 0), d2 = d2 + 1/2;

end; Zstub1=-j*cot(Beta1*d1*lambda); Zstub11=-j*cot(Beta1*d2*lambda);

Z1=zL+Zstub1; Z11=zL+Zstub11;

open2=get(rbh11,'value'); %%%Double Stub switch open2 case 1 %D2 OPEN

d11 = atan(1./X2)/(2*pi) ; d22=atan(1./X22)/(2*pi) ;

if (d22 < 0), d22= d22 + 1/2; end;

if (d11 < 0), d11= d11 + 1/2;

end; Z2=(Z1+j*tan(Beta1*d*lambda))/(1+j*Z1*tan(Beta1*d*lambda)); Z22=(Z11+j*tan(Beta1*d*lambda))/(1+j*Z11*tan(Beta1*d*lambda));

ZA1 = Z2+j*tan(Beta2.*d11*lambda); ZA11 = Z22+j*tan(Beta2.*d22*lambda);

case 0 % D2 Short d11 =atan(X2)./(2*pi) ; d22 =atan(X22)./(2*pi) ;

if (d22 < 0), d22= d22 + 1/2;

end; if (d11 < 0), d11= d11 + 1/2;

end; Z2=(Z1+j*tan(Beta1*d*lambda))/(1+j*Z1*tan(Beta1*d*lambda));

Z22=(Z11+j*tan(Beta1*d*lambda))/(1+j*Z11*tan(Beta1*d*lambda)); ZA1 = Z2-j*cot(Beta2.*d11*lambda); ZA11 = Z22-j*cot(Beta2.*d22*lambda);

end end

fprintf('%d d1Solution 1 \n',d1); fprintf('%dd11 Solution 1 \n',d11); fprintf('%d d2 Solution 2\n',d2);

fprintf('%d d22 Solution 2 \n',d22); YA1=1./ZA1;

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YA11=1./ZA11;

reflection1=(YA1-Zo)./(YA1+Zo); reflection2=(YA11-Zo)./(YA11+Zo);

SWR1=(1+abs(reflection1))./(1-abs(reflection1)); SWR2=(1+abs(reflection2))./(1-abs(reflection2)); plot(f,abs(reflection1),'k*:',f,abs(reflection2),'rs--');

xlabel('f*1e9'); ylabel('|\Gamma|');

legend('solution 1','solution 2',0); %%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%% % % % % % % % Smith Chart ta Gosterimi

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % % % % % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

smithc; for n=1:length(YA1) plot(real(reflection1(n)), imag(reflection1(n)),'yellow*');

end; a=nearest((YA1(fstart))/Zo);

plot(real(reflection1(fstart)), imag(reflection1(fstart)),'whiteo','Linewidth',6); k=text(real(reflection1(fstart))+0.02, imag(reflection1(fstart))+0.02, ['zin2=', num2str(a)]);

k=text(real(reflection1(fstart))+0.15, imag(reflection1(fstart))+0.15, ['fstart=', num2str(fstart)]);

set (k, 'BackgroundColor', 'w'); b=nearest((YA1(n))/Zo); plot(real(reflection1(n)), imag(reflection1(n)),'black*','Linewidth',6);

e=text(real(reflection1(n))+0.02, imag(reflection1(n))+0.02, ['zin2=', num2str(b)]); e=text(real(reflection1(n))+0.15, imag(reflection1(n))+0.15, ['fstop=', num2str(fstop)]);

set (e, 'BackgroundColor', 'w'); zoom; smithc;

for n=1:length(YA11) plot(real(reflection2(n)), imag(reflection2(n)),'yellow*');

end; t=nearest((YA11(fstart))/Zo); plot(real(reflection2(fstart)), imag(reflection2(fstart)),'whiteo','Linewidth',6);

g=text(real(reflection2(fstart))+0.02, imag(reflection2(fstart))+0.02, ['zin2=', num2str(t)]);

g=text(real(reflection2(fstart))+0.15, imag(reflection2(fstart))+0.15, ['fstart=', num2str(fstart)]); set (g, 'BackgroundColor', 'w');

b=nearest((YA11(n))/Zo); plot(real(reflection2(n)), imag(reflection2(n)),'black*','Linewidth',6);

o=text(real(reflection2(n))+0.06, imag(reflection2(n))+0.06, ['zin2=', num2str(b)]); o=text(real(reflection2(n))+0.15, imag(reflection2(n))+0.15, ['fstop=', num2str(fstop)]); set (o, 'BackgroundColor', 'w');

zoom; %%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%

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% % % % % % % PARALLEL %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% % % % % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% case 0

zL = Zin1/Zo; yL = 1/zL; gL = real(yL);

bL = imag(yL); t = tan(2*pi*d);

b = sqrt(gL*(1+t^2)-gL^2*t^2); B1 = -bL + ((1 + b)/t); B11 = -bL + ((1-b)/t);

B2 = (b + gL)/(gL*t); B22 = (-b + gL)/(gL*t);

open=get(rbh43,'value'); %%%Double Stub switch open case 1 %D1 OPEN

d1 = atan(B1)/(2*pi) ; d2 = atan(B11)/(2*pi) ;

if (d2 < 0), d2 = d2 + 1/2; end;

if (d1 < 0), d1 = d1 + 1/2;

end; Ystub1=j*tan(Beta1*d1*lambda); Ystub11=j*tan(Beta1*d2*lambda);

Y1=yL+Ystub1; Y11=yL+Ystub11;

open2=get(rbh11,'value'); %%%Double Stub switch open2 case 1 %D2 OPEN

d11 = atan(B2)/(2*pi) ; d22= atan(B22)/(2*pi) ;

if (d22 < 0), d22= d22 + 1/2; end;

if (d11 < 0), d11= d11 + 1/2;

end Y2=(Y1+j*tan(Beta1*d*lambda))/(1+j*Y1*tan(Beta1*d*lambda)); Y22=(Y11+j*tan(Beta1*d*lambda))/(1+j*Y11*tan(Beta1*d*lambda));

YA1 = Y2+j*tan(Beta2.*d11*lambda); YA11 = Y22+j*tan(Beta2.*d22*lambda);

case 0 % D2 SHORT d11 =-atan(1./B2)./(2*pi) ; d22 =-atan(1./B22)./(2*pi) ;

if (d22 < 0), d22= d22 + 1/2;

39

end

if (d11 < 0), d11= d11 + 1/2;

end Y2=(Y1+j*tan(Beta1*d*lambda))/(1+j*Y1*tan(Beta1*d*lambda)); Y22=(Y11+j*tan(Beta1*d*lambda))/(1+j*Y11*tan(Beta1*d*lambda));

YA1 = Y2-j*cot(Beta2.*d11*lambda); YA11 = Y22 -j*cot(Beta2.*d22*lambda);

end case 0 % D1 SHORT d1 = -atan(1./B1)./(2*pi) ;

d2 =-atan(1./B11)./(2*pi) ; if (d2 < 0),

d2 = d2 + 1/2; end; if (d1 < 0),

d1 = d1 + 1/2; end;

Ystub1=-j*cot(Beta1*d1*lambda); Ystub2=-j*cot(Beta1*d2*lambda); Y1=yL+Ystub1;

Y11=yL+Ystub2; open2=get(rbh11,'value'); %%%Double Stub

switch open2 case 1 %D2 OPEN d11 = atan(B2)./(2*pi) ;

d22= atan(B22)./(2*pi) ; if (d22 < 0),

d22= d22 + 1/2; end; if (d11 < 0),

d11= d11 + 1/2; end;

Y2=(Y1+j*tan(Beta1*d*lambda))/(1+j*Y1*tan(Beta1*d*lambda)); Y22=(Y11+j*tan(Beta1*d*lambda))/(1+j*Y11*tan(Beta1*d*lambda)); YA1 = Y2+j*tan(Beta2.*d11*lambda);

YA11 = Y22+j*tan(Beta2.*d22*lambda); case 0 % D2 Short

d11 =-atan(1./B2)./(2*pi) ; d22 =-atan(1./B22)./(2*pi) ; if (d22 < 0),

d22= d22 + 1/2; end;

if (d11 < 0), d11= d11 + 1/2; end;

Y2=(Y1+j*tan(Beta1*d*lambda))/(1+j*Y1*tan(Beta1*d*lambda)); Y22=(Y11+j*tan(Beta1*d*lambda))/(1+j*Y11*tan(Beta1*d*lambda));

40

YA1 = Y2-j*cot(Beta2.*d11*lambda);

YA11 = Y22-j*cot(Beta2.*d22*lambda); end

end fprintf('%d d1Solution 1 \n',d1); fprintf('%dd11 Solution 1 \n',d11);

fprintf('%d d2 Solution 2\n',d2); fprintf('%d d22 Solution 2 \n',d22);

ZA1=1./YA1; ZA11=1./YA11; reflection1=(ZA1-Zo)./(ZA1+Zo);

reflection2=(ZA11-Zo)./(ZA11+Zo); SWR1=(1+abs(reflection1))./(1-abs(reflection1));

SWR2=(1+abs(reflection2))./(1-abs(reflection2)); plot(f,abs(reflection1),'k*:',f,abs(reflection2),'rs--'); xlabel('f*1e9');

ylabel('|\Gamma|'); legend('solution 1','solution 2',0);

%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%% % % % % % % % PARALLELin SONU %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% % % % % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% smithc;

for n=1:length(ZA1) plot(real(reflection1(n)), imag(reflection1(n)),'yellow*'); end;

a=nearest((ZA1(fstart))/Zo); plot(real(reflection1(fstart)), imag(reflection1(fstart)),'whiteo','Linewidth',6);

k=text(real(reflection1(fstart))+0.02, imag(reflection1(fstart))+0.02, ['zin2=', num2str(a)]); k=text(real(reflection1(fstart))+0.15, imag(reflection1(fstart))+0.15, ['fstart=',

num2str(fstart)]); set (k, 'BackgroundColor', 'w');

b=nearest((ZA1(n))/Zo); plot(real(reflection1(n)), imag(reflection1(n)),'black*','Linewidth',6); e=text(real(reflection1(n))+0.02, imag(reflection1(n))+0.02, ['zin2=', num2str(b)]);

e=text(real(reflection1(n))+0.15, imag(reflection1(n))+0.15, ['fstop=', num2str(fstop)]); set (e, 'BackgroundColor', 'w');

zoom; smithc; for n=1:length(ZA11)

plot(real(reflection2(n)), imag(reflection2(n)),'yellow*'); end;

t=nearest((ZA11(fstart))/Zo); plot(real(reflection2(fstart)), imag(reflection2(fstart)),'whiteo','Linewidth',6); g=text(real(reflection2(fstart))+0.02, imag(reflection2(fstart))+0.02, ['zin2=',

num2str(t)]);

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g=text(real(reflection2(fstart))+0.15, imag(reflection2(fstart))+0.15, ['fstart=',

num2str(fstart)]); set (g, 'BackgroundColor', 'w');

b=nearest((ZA11(n))/Zo); plot(real(reflection2(n)), imag(reflection2(n)),'black*','Linewidth',6); o=text(real(reflection2(n))+0.06, imag(reflection2(n))+0.06, ['zin2=', num2str(b)]);

o=text(real(reflection2(n))+0.15, imag(reflection2(n))+0.15, ['fstop=', num2str(fstop)]); set (o, 'BackgroundColor', 'w');

zoom; end %Double Stub n endi end %%Matching end i

%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%% % % % % % % % Smith Chart %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% % % % % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% end end

function pbh2_Callback(Object, eventdata, handle_list) close(fh);

clc; clear all; close all;

end end

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REFERENCES

1. Introduction to wave propagation, transmission lines and antennas, NAVAL

EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND

TECHNOLOGY CENTER CONTENTS, 1998

2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflection_coefficient(27.05.2011)

3. Fundamentals of Engineering Electromagnetics, Rajeev Bansal , 2006

4. Microwave Engineering ,David M. Pozar, third edition,2005

5. Graphics and GUIs with MATLAB, Patrick Marchand and O. Thomas,third

edition,2003

rf transmission line simulation and design tool

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