ITU-SUDACAD Regional Forum on Internet of Things for Development of Smart and Sustainable Cities

Khartoum, Sudan 13-14 Dec 2017

RFID Adoption in Smart City & Selection Criteria

Abderrazak HACHANIRFID/ IoT consultantFounder RFID Lab, esprit school of engineersabderrazak@hachani.tnAbderrazek.hachani@esprit.tn

Agenda

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Introduction

RFID Basics

RFID & WSN Convergence

RFID Adoption in Smart City

Section 1

Introduction

Identification History

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Earlier Work

Radar Communication.

IFF Transponder (Friend or Foe ),

British Army 1939.

Communication by Means of Reflected Power,

Stockman. H, Proceeding of the institute of Radio engineers 1948.

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In 1946, Soviet school children

presented a two foot wooden replica of

the Great Seal of the United States to

Ambassador Averell Harriman.

Great embassy seal bug

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Great embassy seal bug

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During George F. Kennan'sambassadorship in 1952, a Secrettechnical surveillancecountermeasures (TSCM)Inspection discovered that theseal contained a microphone anda resonant cavity which could bestimulated from an outside radiosignal.

United Nations 1962

Great embassy seal bug active only when a radio signal of the correct frequency

was sent from an external transmitter.

Sound waves caused the membrane to vibrate, whichvaried the capacitance "seen" by the antenna, which inturn modulated the radio waves that struck and wereretransmitted (backscattered modulation).

A receiver demodulated the signal so that sound pickedup by the microphone could be heard, just as an ordinaryradio receiver demodulates radio signals and outputssound.

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What is RFID?

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Section 2

Physics Behind

Section 2

RFID Basics

Fast Growing Business

$ bn 2005 2010 2020

Tags 1.0 2.1 9.9

Other 0.9 3.5 12

Total 1.9 5.6 21.9

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Source: IDtechEx: The global market for RFID 2010-2020

Making ordinary objects ‘Smart’

Passive

read/write tags

affixed to caps

of containers

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RFID Base station

Tags

Middleware

Passive communication is assured thanks to

Load modulation technique (impedance

modulation, Backscattering )

RFID Basics

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RFID Generic Architecture Solution

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Energy

Passive

Semi Passive

Active

Read / Write

Memory Access basis

Range

shirt

Proximity

Vicinity

Longue range

RFID Tags

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Unique Identification Number

Chipless

RFID Tags

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RFID Reader

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Printed Electronic, Telecommunications, antenna,

wireless energy transfer, on ship design, security

, plastic technologies, RTLS, instrumentation,…

Traceability

Visibility !!

How does it looks ?

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Physics Behind

Near Filed communication Fra field communication

10 KHz 100 KHz 1 MHz 10 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

125 KHz- 150 KHz 13.56 MHz 433 MHz

860 MHz960 MHz 2.4 GHz 5.8 GHz

Distance from the reader antenna

D: Maximum dimensionof the radiating structure

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Physics Behind

NFC communication

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Passive far field SystemsPhysics Behind

UHF Systems

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Generic RFID Tag Architecture

EEPROMAccess control

Computational capabilities

EEPROMEnergy harvester

Power on Reset

Clock recovery

Modulator

DemodulatorAntenna

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Class 0 : Read only

Class I : WRITE ONCE READ ONLY (WORM)

Class II : READ WRITE

Class III: Read write with on board sensor

Class IV: Read write with integrated transmitter

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RFID Classes

Section 4

WSN & RFID ConvergenceRFID Applications & Selection Rules

Section 3

RFID & WSN Convergence

WSN

Before, RFID & Sensor Network have separate

research and development areas.

Sensors provide information about the

condition of the objects as well as the

environment.

Computation.

Sensing.

Wireless Communication, routing,...

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Military

WSN Applications

Forest Greenhouse

Healthcare

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Most Major key points

RFID tag inexpensive in large quantities.

WSN contain relays .

Classical RFID systems are composed of RFID tags and readers.

Price and power consumption of the tags is a very important issue, most of the complexity istransferred to the reader side.

Communication between node is multi-hope.

Sensor nodes’ firmware can be easily reprogrammed which is not the case for RFID tags.

RFID readers can be parameterized, and easy to interface with existing IT infrastructure.

Difference between RFID & WSN

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I. Integrating RFID Tags with Sensors

The same RFID protocol is used to carry sensor data ( distance, antenna

design).

a. Passive tags with integrated sensors

Tag harvest energy from reader and power the onboard sensor.

b. Semi-passive tags with integrated sensors

On board energy source to power the sensor, however the communication

process relay on the reader carrier.

c. Active tags with integrated sensors

More advanced functionalities and autonomy .

RFID & WSN convergence

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II . Integrating RFID Tags with Wireless Sensor Nodes and Wireless Devices

Tags of this family may communicate together and other wireless device.

III. Integrating Readers with Wireless Sensor Nodes and Wireless Devices

Reader are equipped with communication interface and I/O port.

IV. Mix of RFID and SensorsGeneric solution.Interference.Delay.Cost.

RFID & WSN convergence

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Section 3

RFID Applications & Selection Rules

Section 4

RFID Adoption in Smart City

RFID enables city digital transformation

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Retail

Healthcare

Administration

Environment

Security

Industry

Defense

Etc

RFID Applications : Just imagine !!

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NFC

Near field communication

Mobile phone, is an enabler of new smart services

Mobile operator ecosystem

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Towards a better customer experience

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Smart PaymentsTolls, Tickets, vendingGoods, services, …

Enhanced user experienceService notificationNFC connection HandoverCustomer analytics

Smart AuthorizationAccess to transport, buildingsRental or sharingFleet managementVIP retail experience

Live stock traceability

Livestock management.

Optimizing productivity.

Helping ensure food safety and quality.

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Retail

• EAS (Electronic Article Surveillance)

• Inventory management

• Information system visibility

• Increase work efficiency

• Boost sales

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Tractor Tag

TC 204 Standard

Supply Chain Monitoring

Transportation Worker ID Card (TWIC)

with Fingerprint Biometric

ISO/IEC 14443

Fingerprint Reader

Chassis Tag

TC 204 Standard

17364 Tags

17365 Tags

Container

Reader/

CommunicatorOn Board

Unit (OBU)

Satellite

10891 Tag

17363 Intrusion

Sensor17363 Tag

*Sensors

Cellular

On BoardUnit (OBU)

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Reliable product life cycle

tracking (status, inventory,…)

RTLS

Real time location system

Active / Passive Tags

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Section 5

RFID Selection Criteria

• RFID is not a technology, it is a set of technologies.

• RFID ecosystem is the IoT mainstay.

• An RFID system could not be used on a plug & play basis.

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RFID System selection criteria

RFID System selection criteria

Where (Attached to and surrounded by what?)

How far?

How fast?

How many?

How much?

Tag & base station have to respond to the following rules:

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1. Size and form factor – where does the tag have to fit?

2. How close will tags be to each other?

3. Durability – will the tag need to have a strong outer protection against regular wear?

4. Is the tag re-usable?

5. Resistance to harsh environments (corrosive, steam...).

6. Polarization – what will be the tags orientation with respect to the reader field?

7. Exposure to different temperature ranges

8. Communication distance.

9. Influence of materials such as metal and liquids.

RFID System selection criteria

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10. Environment (Electrical noise, other radio devices and equipment).

11. Operating Frequency (LF, HF or UHF).

12. Supported Communication Standards and protocols (ISO, EPC,…).

13. Regional Regulations (US, Europe and Asia).

14. Will the tag data need to store more than just an ID number ?

RFID System selection criteria

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Thank You

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