rg008608 planning differences between evdo and 1x

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Planning Differences Planning Differences Between 1xEVDO Between 1xEVDO

andand1X1XISSUE1.0

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page *HUAWEI Confidential

After learning this course, you can understand:

the technology differences between 1xEVDO and

1X.

the planning differences between 1xEVDO and 1X.

the basic planning principle for 1xEVDO.


Chapter 1 Technology Differences Chapter 1 Technology Differences

Between 1xEVDO and 1XBetween 1xEVDO and 1X

Chapter 2 Planning Differences

Between 1xEVDO and 1X

Chapter 3 Planning Principle for

1xEVDO


Technology Differences Between 1X, 1xEV-DO Rel.0 and Rev.A

CDMA2000 1x CDMA1x EV-DO Rel 0 CDMA1x EV-DO Rel A

Multiple Access Mode

Forward code division and reverse code division.

Forward time division + code division HARQ, Reverse code division

Forward time division + code division HARQ, Reverse code division HARQ

Service Feature Voice+data service Packet data service Packet data service

Forward Maximum Rate

153.6kbps （ RC3 ） 2.4576Mbps 3.072Mbps

Reverse Maximum Rate

153.6kbps （ RC3 ） 153.6kbps 1.8Mbps

Chip Rate/Carrier Frequency

1.2288Mcps/1.25MHz 1.2288Mcps/1.25MHz 1.2288Mcps/1.25MHz

Coding Convolutional coding, Turbo coding

Turbo coding Turbo coding

Modulation Scheme Forward QPSK. Reverse HPSK. Forward QPSK, 8PSK, 16QAM. Reverse BPSK

Forward QPSK, 8PSK, 16QAM. Reverse BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK

Frame Duration 5ms, 20msm, 40ms, 80ms 26.667ms 26.667ms

Handover

Both forward and reverse support soft handover, softer handover, and hard handover.

The forward supports virtual soft handover. The reverse supports soft handover, softer handover, and hard handover.

The forward supports virtual soft handover. The reverse supports soft handover, softer handover, and hard handover. The DSC channel is added.

Power Control

There are forward quick power control, reverse open loop power control and closed loop power control.

There is no forward power control and transmission uses max power. There are reverse open loop power control and closed loop power control.

There is no forward power control and transmission uses max power. There are reverse open loop power control and closed loop power control. The T2P is added.


Essential Differences Between 1xEVDO and 1X: Network Structure Independency

1xEVDO network structure is independent.

1xEV-DO network structure involves Packet Switched (PS) domains only

and is not related to the core network of Circuit Switched (CS) domains.

Access TerminalAT

Source Access Network

AN PCF

Target Access Network

AN

AN AAA

PDSN

Air Interface A8

A9

A10

A11

A13

A12

AAA

Radius

To be added

To be modified

Do not modify


Essential Differences Between 1xEVDO and 1X: Different Air Interface Technology1xEVDO and 1X use different air interface technology.

1xEVDO uses the forward Time Division Multiple Access mainly, with the Code Division

Multiple Access as the auxiliary. 1X uses the Code Division Multiple Access.

1xEVDO uses the forward rate control. 1X uses the forward power control. That is,

1xEVDO has no forward power control and signals are transmitted with maximum power.

1X Forward Link Structure DO Forward Link Structure


Forward

CDMA 1X EV-DO RTT

ReverseReverseReverseReverse

PilotMediumAccessControl

Traffic Control Traffic Access

ReverseRate

Indicator

DataRate

Control

ReverseActivity

DRC Lock

Pilot DataReversePowerControl

ReversePowerControl

PilotMediumAccessControl

Data ACK

Using forward time division Using forward time division mainly, with code division as mainly, with code division as

the auxiliarythe auxiliary

Using forward time division Using forward time division mainly, with code division as mainly, with code division as

the auxiliarythe auxiliary

Using reverse code division Using reverse code division mainly, with time division as the mainly, with time division as the

auxiliaryauxiliary

Using reverse code division Using reverse code division mainly, with time division as the mainly, with time division as the

auxiliaryauxiliary

EV-DO Channel (Release 0)Forward and Reverse Physical Channels of 1xEVDO Rel.0


Essential Differences Between 1xEVDO and 1X: Different Frequency Point and Service Orientation 1xEVDO needs independent carrier and configuring different

frequency points

1xEVDO and IX have different service orientations

1xEV-DO provides the high-rate wireless packet data service mainly

1X provides the voice service mainly

CDMA 1X network: f2 frequency point

EV-DO Network: f1 frequency point

CDMA 1X

EV-DO


Technology Differences Between 1xEVDO and 1X (A)

Power Power AssignmentAssignment

1X

The sector adjusts the power for each service channel to maintain the specified FER.

1xEV-DO

The sector keeps transmitting with max power. The power is assigned to each user in the time division mode. At any moment, only one user can be served.

The assigned forward rate is the maximum rate that the terminal can demodulate.


Hybrid ARQHybrid ARQ

Technology Differences Between 1xEVDO and 1X (B)


The User Diversity Policy finds a balance between the forward throughput and fairness through the capacity of requesting with maximum rate.

To maximize the sector throughput with a consideration of the fairness, when a user is in a fading situation temporarily, the service is provided to other users.

Forward Multiple Forward Multiple User SchedulingUser Scheduling

Technology Differences Between 1xEVDO and 1X (C)


Chapter 1 Technology Differences


Chapter 2 Planning Differences Chapter 2 Planning Differences

Between 1xEVDO and 1XBetween 1xEVDO and 1X

Chapter 3 Planning Principle for

1xEVDO


Planning Procedures of 1xEVDO and 1X Are SimilarPlanning Procedures of 1xEVDO and 1X Are Similar


Planning Procedures of 1xEVDO and 1X Are SimilarPlanning Procedures of 1xEVDO and 1X Are Similar

Input: objective and cost

Output: number of BTSs and their configuration

Input: estimate conclusion (such as search radius), alternative sites, coverage objective

Output: originally selected sitesInput: coverage objective, site survey result

Output: final site, engineering parameters

Forward capacity and coverage

It is often omitted during the 1X planning based on the voice service. Pay attention to it during the 1X and

1xEVDO planning based on data service with the asymmetric forward

and reverse.


Video

Game

MMS

Voice (VoIP ）

Video Telephony

Internet Service

Planning Objectives of 1xEVDO and 1X

1X and 1xEV-DO

Frame/Packet Error

RateRate Delay


Video Telephony

Locating

Video Download

Internet

Planning Difficulty: Multi-Services, Multi-Rates, Multi-Terminals and Multi-Requests

Spectrum:－ Upper lower limits of the number of carriers－ Frequency of each carrier

User:－ Total number－ Types and proportion *Terminal location and height *Motion status *Zone

RRM (parameter and arithmetic):－ Resource （ power or time) configuration－ Upper and lower limits of forward and reverse loads － Packet allocation and switch rate

Networking:－ Single /2/3/6 sector－ antenna (height, direction, gain graph) and number－ BTS type－ ODU－ TMA

Each terminal:－ Max transmission power－ Number of antennas and gain－ Noise coefficientUplink and down link loss－ Demodulation performance

Each service ：－ The use rate of each service *the forward and reverse service usage * the terminal types and whether the terminals are close to the user body－ Error rate and delay of the uplink and downlink－ Average rate of the uplink and downlink－ Coverage in all situations *min. uplink and downlink rate *Zone *Coverage probability (zones, borders)

BTS:－ Max transmission power－ Noise coefficient－ Uplink and down link loss－ Demodulation performance－ CE number

Each coverage:－ Environment (urban, suburban ）－ Area－ Indoors transmission environment (model)－ Orthogonal factor


• Service

• Terminal

• User

• Spectrum

• Coverage

• Networking

• BTS

• RRM

• Service

• Terminal

• User

• Spectrum

• Coverage

• Networking

• BTS

• RRM

Integrated consideration of coverage, capacity and quality Resource sharing among servicesStatistical-multiplexing of resources

Throughput

MMS

Game

Locating

1.8M bps76.8 kbps

38.4kbps

MMS

Locating

Video

Tariff P

olicy

Com

petition Policy

CRNP

U-Net

Online Game

Internet

Video Telephony

Solution: All-Round Forward and Reverse Planning Theory/Flexible and Simple Tools


Service Planning Differences Between 1X, DO Rel.0 and Rev.AService Planning Differences Between 1X, DO Rel.0 and Rev.A

cdma2000 1XService: Voice, low-rate data (delay is not ensured ）

Planning: Based on the voice and low-rate data

1xEV-DO Rel.0Service: High-rate data (delay is not ensured), such as internet and FTP

Planning: Based on multi-services and multi-rates

1xEV-DO Rev.AService: Low-delay service = new service (such as VoIP and VT), which ensures low delay at the cost of capacity and coverage.Large-capacity service (delay is not ensured) = Rel.0 service, which has better capacity and coverage.

Planning: The low-delay service leads to a different result (capacity and coverage) from that of Rel.0.


1xEV-DO has more kinds of services with higher rates and different

probability distributing

For each rate, the lower demodulation threshold (Ec/Nt) is applied to

enhance the capacity and coverage Demodulation threshold (Ec/Nt) of 1xEV-DO Rel.0 is lower than that of 1X when using the convolutional code.

Demodulation threshold (Ec/Nt) of 1xEV-DO Rel.A is lower than that of Rel.0 by 1.5dB.

Reverse H-ARQ of 1xEV-DO Rev.A enhances the capacity and/or decrease the delay. But a lower delay leads to the

coverage decrease. Thus, the terminal is required to enhance the transmission power to compensate the coverage

decrease.

Service Planning Differences Between 1X, DO Rel.0 and Rev.AService Planning Differences Between 1X, DO Rel.0 and Rev.A


Planning Objective Differences Between 1X , DO Rel.0 and Rev.APlanning Objective Differences Between 1X , DO Rel.0 and Rev.A

Coverage

Continuous coverage rate (kbps) required by each service:

Zone:

− 1X: All kinds of environments with a wide coverage (both indoors and

outdoors).

− 1xEVDO: Hot spot and key zones (mainly indoors), such as hotels,

departments, malls, airports, city centers, traffic lines and places of interests.

Network 1X Rel.0

Rev.A

Rev. A Rev. A Rev. A

Service Voice and

low-rate data

All kinds of

large-capacity

data

All kinds of low-

delay data

VoIP VT

Forward 9.6 76.8

Reverse 9.6 76.8


Capacity

User traffic model

1X: The voice traffic model is perfect. The data traffic model is developing.

1xEVDO: It cannot be predicted correctly at the early stage.

Forward and reverse capacity

1X: It is assumed that the reverse is restricted at the early stage. Thus, the

capacity is designed according to 50% load.

1xEVDO: It must be taken into account at the early stage. In the future, the forward

may be restricted.

Planning Objective Differences Between 1X , DO Rel.0 and Rev.APlanning Objective Differences Between 1X , DO Rel.0 and Rev.A


Summary

The planning differences between 1X, DO Rel.0 and Rev.A are as follows:

Different services：

1X: Voice service and low-rate service (delay is not ensured)

DO Rel.0: High-rate data service (delay is not ensured)

DO Rev.A: High-rate data service (large capacity and low delay)

Different coverage requirements：

1X: Continuous coverage for voice and low-rate services

DO Rel.A: Continuous coverage for the VT service. The coverage of VIP zones must be ensured.


Chapter 1 Technology Differences


Chapter 2 Planning Differences


Chapter 3 Planning Principle for Chapter 3 Planning Principle for

1xEVDO1xEVDO


1xEVDO Planning Objective － Coverage1xEVDO Planning Objective － Coverage

Coverage

Starting from Rev.A 76.8k, plan the coverage properly.

Service requirement——To meet the border coverage requirement of the main

services in the future. That is, to enable the network to carry the 3G services,

aiming at the continuous coverage of the VT/BCMCS/High-rate download data

service/Streaming service/VOIP service and avoiding re-planning the network due

to the introduction of new 3G services in the future.

Continuous coverage rate (kbps) required by each service:

VoIP VTStreaming ＆ High-Rate Data

Service

Forward 9.6 76.8 —

Reverse 9.6 76.8 76.8


Coverage

Zone ：

− VIP zones (mainly indoors), such as hotels, departments, malls, airports and city

centers.

− Traffic lines and places of interests require the continuous coverage.

− Outdoors of ordinary urban zones requires the continuous coverage.

Scenario Indoor Coverage Probability Penetration Loss (dB)

1 Dense Urban 95% 20

2 Urban 95% 18

3 Suburban 90% 14

4 Rural Area 85% 10

1xEVDO Planning Objective － Coverage1xEVDO Planning Objective － Coverage


According to a 2G statistics, the indoor coverage that occupies only 20% to 30% of the mobile communication coverage generates 70% of the overall service usage.

Experts predict that 70% of the 1xEVDO service usage in the future is generated indoors.

Ensuring the perfect indoor coverage of the 1xEV-DO network is crucial for upgrading services and attracting customers. Thus, the indoor coverage is of great significance ！！！

Indoor traffic increased by more than 30%

1xEVDO Planning Objective － Indoor Coverage1xEVDO Planning Objective － Indoor Coverage


Capacity

Reverse: It is assumed that the reverse is restricted at the early stage. Thus, the

capacity is designed according to 50% load.

Forward: In the future, the forward may be restricted.

1xEVDO Planning Objective － Capacity1xEVDO Planning Objective － Capacity


Basic Site Selection Principles

All-round consideration of the 1xEV-DO services in the near and

far future

Full use of the current 1X site resources

If the service continuous coverage is not affected, allow 1xEVDO to share the 1X sites.

If the reuse of sites contradicts the service coverage, build new sites for 1xEVDO. Avoidance of high BTS antenna

As the forward of 1xEVDO transmits with maximum power and does not support the soft

handover, the forward throughput decreases greatly in the soft handover area. The

cross coverage and pilot pollution caused by the high BTS antenna are more serious;

therefore, avoid the use of high BTS antenna when you select the 1xEVDO sites.


Basic Site Selection Principles － 1xEv-DO and 1X Shares Sites

1xEv-DO and 1X Shares Sites

In the case of neighboring frequencies, the impact

on each other is acceptable. In the case of isolated

frequencies, there is little impact on each other.

Conclusion from the SKT network

test and Beijing outside plant test

In the case of neighboring frequencies, the

impact of 1xEV-DO on 1X does not exceed

18%. The impact of 1xEV-DO on the coverage of

1X does not exceed 10%. The impact of 1X on

1xEV-DO is even little.

In the case of isolated frequencies, the impact

on each other can be omitted.


Antennas Selection Principles

If 1xEVDO and 1X should use independent antennas:

The optimization activities of 1xEVDO and 1X do not affect each other, which ensures

the independency and network performance of 1xEV-DO

No combiner insertion loss exists between 1xEVDO and 1X. The original coverage of

1X is not affected.

There are some requirements for the antenna space, which increase the installation

complexity and the antenna cost.


If 1xEVDO and 1X share antennas:

The installation is simple and the some antenna cost can be saved.

The optimization activities of 1xEVDO and 1X affect each other.

If 1xEVDO and 1X are combined outside the cabinet, the forward

0.4dB and reverse 3dB insertion loss is caused. In the urban areas

where the load is heavy, the impact can be omitted. In the suburban

and rural areas where the load is light, the 1X reverse coverage can

be affected.

Antennas Selection Principles


Spectrum Planning Principles: Plan Long-Term Spectrum Requirements Well

If 1xEV-DO and 1X shares sites:

The 1xEV-DO/1X isolated frequencies are recommended.

If 1xEV-DO and 1X do not share sites:

It is conservative to use isolated frequencies.

The neighboring frequencies apply to the zones that do not require a

large capacity.

If isolated frequencies are used, the interval of one frequency point and interval of

multiple frequency points have equivalent effects.

DO DO 1X 1X Besides adding the 800 Mbit/s carrier for the capacity expansion in urban areas,

you can consider to apply the core frequency band (2.1 GHz) as early as possible

to meet the requirement for a sudden capacity expansion

The CDMA 1xEV-DO BTS devices are required to support the intermixing of

multiple frequency bands to enable the network to support the core frequency

band through smooth upgrades.


Summary

Planning suggestions

Coverage: Continuous coverage at VT 76.8k.

At the early stages, apply the indoor coverage in VIP zones in the urban areas, such as airports and departments.

Capacity: The capacity is estimated based on the reverse 50% load.

Site selection: Reuse the existent 1X sites as much as possible.

Antenna selection: Priority the sharing of antennas to make full use of existent resources.

Frequency point selection: Priority the use of remaining 800 Mbit/s frequency point.

Soft handover proportion: about 30%.

PER: urban areas 2%, suburban areas 5%.

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rg008608 planning differences between evdo and 1x

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