Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences16 3

2004 6Vol. 16, No. 3

Jun., 2004

Rho GTPases

200025

Rho GTPasesRho (actin) actin-myosin

Rho GTPases RhoGTPases

Rho GTPasesQ 2 5 A

Rho GTPases and apoptosisCAI Jun, YI Jing*

(Department of Cell Biology, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200025, China)

Abstract: Rho GTPases play an important role in morphological changes of cytoskeleton in apoptosis. Themolecular regulatory mechanism of Rho protein family in actin polymerization, depolymerization and actin-myosin is disclosed in recent years. And more studies have also highlighted the vital role of Rho GTPases inphagocytosis. In this review we will discuss how the Rho GTPases signal transduction pathways affect thestructure of the cytoskeleton and the clearance of apoptotic cells.Key words: Rho GTPases; actin; apoptosis

Rho GTPases 1~2

1 Rho GTPasesRho GTPases GTPases

20~30kD Ras GDP() GTP( )

actin

[3~4]

8 22 RhoGTPases[5] Cdc42 (Cdc42 TC10 TCL ChpWrch-1); Rac (Rac1 3 RhoG); Rho (Rho A C);Rnd (Rnd1 2 Rnd3/RhoE); RhoD (RhoD Rif);RhoH/TTF; RhoBTB (RhoBTB1 2) Miro (Miro-1 2 )

2003-12-31(30170475)

(1972 ) (1957 ) *

1004-0374(2004)03-0160-05

161Rho GTPases

2 Rho GTPasesRho GTPases

RhoA Rac1Cdc42 [4] (active mutant)

(dominant negative mutant)Rho Rho GTPases

Swiss3T3(lysophosphatidic acid,

LPA) actin-myosin (stressfiber) C3 (Rho

) RhoRac (lamellipodia)

Cdc42 (filopodia)actin

Cdc42 Rac RhoRac

Cdc42 Rho Nimnual [6] Rac(reactive oxygen species ROS)

p190Rho-GAP RhoRho GTPases RhoG

Cdc42 Rac1[7] TC10filopodia [8] Wrch-1

filopodia[9] RhoDfilopodia [10] Rnd

actin [11] RhoH Rho[12] Miro (Miro-1 2) Rho

[13]

3 Rho GTPasesRho GTPases [5]

60 (guanine nucleoticleexchange factors, GEFs) Dbl Vav Tiam-1

Rho 70 GTP (GTPase-activating proteins, GAPs) p50RhoGAPp190RhoGAP Graf Rho4 GDP GDIs(GDP dissociationinhibitors) RhoGDI LyGDI

GDI Rho-GDP( 1)LPA[14] GDI Rho-GDP

GEF Rho-GTP Rho-GTP ( ROCK

PKN p140mDia NADPH oxidase ) GAPRho-GDP

Rho GTPases GEFs[15] DH (Dbl homology domain)

GTP GDP RhoPH (pleckstrin homology domain) DH

GEFsDH P114RhoGEF

RhoA Rac1 p114RhoGEF RhoARac1 NADPH

oxidase ROS[16] GDI GDPRho GDP GTP

[17]

4 Rho GTPases4.1

actin Rho GTPase

actin-myosin RhoA actin-myosin [18] RhoA

RhoA [19]

ROCK PKN Dia PI3ROCK

ROCK /ROCK-I( Rho ) ROCK-

II [20] RhoAROCK-I

ROCK CMLC(myosin light chain)

MLC MLCMLC actin-myosin-II

[21] TNF-αRho kinase

[22] ROCK-ILIM [23] PKN

1 Rho GTPases

162

/ PKCRho

PKN myosin[ 2 4 ] R O C K - I P K N R h o

GTPasesRho

Dia[25] actin DiaROCK-I ( 2)

Sebbagh [26] Coleman [27] ROCKCaspases ROCK Caspases

8ROCK-II ROCK-I

Song [28] ROCK-IIa c t i n - m y o s i n

Caspases

( )[29~30] ROCKactin-myosin

Mills [2]

R O C KLIM ERM MLC [19]

ROCK actinRho Caspases

Rho/RhoIkeda [31] HSCs(hepatic stellate cells)

C3 Rho Y-27632 Rho

Caspase3[32]

Rho GTPases CaspasesRho GTPases Rac1

Cdc42 CaspasesROCK actin-myosin Caspases

Rho GTPases D4-GDI RhoGTPases [33]

Caspase3 Rac Rac[34] Rac Caspases

NIH3T3 Rac FasCaspases [35] cytoC

ROS

4.2a c t i n R h o

GTPases Rho PKNRac/Cdc42 PAK2

actin α-actinin actin [36]

4.3

Rho GTPases [37]

CrkII SH2/SH3DOCK180 DOCK180

Rac[38] DOCK180 GEFs

Vav Rac(PSR)

(PS) PSRROCK180 ELMO CrkII Rac-

GDP CrkII/DOCK180/Rac-GTP[39] Rac-GTP IRSp53

WAVE Arp2/3 F-actin[40]

( 3) RacRac Cdc42

R h o R a cNADPH oxidase ROS

[41]

2 RhoA

163Rho GTPases

JurkatY-27632 ROCK-I

PS

[42]

5Rho GTPases

actinRho actin-

myosin

Caspases Rho GTPases

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