rice improvement project progress
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RICE IMPROVEMENT PROJECT PROGRESS. BY HUNJA MURAGE JKUAT. Objectives. Main goal is to Improve food security in Kenya through improving rice production Specific objectives; - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
RICE IMPROVEMENT PROJECT PROGRESS
BYHUNJA MURAGE
JKUAT
Main goal is to Improve food security in Kenya through improving rice production Specific objectives;1. Documentation of the constraints and obstacles to achieving maximum rice
productivity in Kenya and the expected intervention measures.2. Increasing the productivity of basmati rice through breeding for increased grain
number, resistance to lodging by dwarfing and resistance to blast through phenotypic and later genotypic selection (Targets: HB23/Basmati hybrids; Upland rice hybrids)
3. Increasing the productivity of basmati rice through rice blast suppression using epiphytes, rhizobacteria and actinomycetes as biotic agents and using endophytes as growth promoters.
4. Food quality and agricultural products value addition through utilization rice bran, broken rice in of rice straw and rice husks.
5. Reducing post harvest losses through improved threshing6. Increasing water use efficiency in rice production through increased adoption of
technologies such as SRI, subsurface drip irrigation, and AWD7. Reconstruction of rice gene bank at Mwea to conserve the Kenyan's rice germplasm 8. To determine the Nitrogen dynamics of Kenya rice soils for optimum rice production 9. Assessment of the impact of the introduced intervention measures on rice production
within regions under study
Objectives
• Information has been obtained on the obstacles facing Kenyan rice farmers in the rice value chain. Some of this information has been availed to other researchers through presentations.
• Basmati is the most popular aromatic variety in Kenya but has a very low productivity of 2.8 tons/ha compared to other aromatic varieties at 5.5 tons/ha. By selection of the HB23x basmati crosses, new Basmati Hybrid improved lines with over 3000 filled grains/plant and over 40tillers/plant at F4 generation have been developed compared to 1100 filled grains /plant and less than 25 tillers/plant for basmati.
• Improved Basmati lines resistant to lodging have been developed.• Improved LIA lines that require no fertilizer inputs for normal growth and yields have been
developed and are in the F9 generation.• Biotic isolates active against the blast pathogen and those with bio-fertilizer ability have been
obtained and their field performance is on course. • Senbakoki which farmers in Mwea have agreed to adopt. • The farmers have reported a reduction in breakage of rice seeds during. • The rice gene bank has been reconstructed and rice germplasm collection done. This is expected to
offer a wide gene pool for breeding purposes. The rice breeders will use conserved germplasm for rice improvement. Erosion of the local rice gene pool will be stopped because there will be backed up germplasm in the gene bank.
• Ways of utilizing husks as energy source has been developed. The rice husk stove, the briquetting machine and the carbonizing kilns will go a long way in revolutionizing the energy requirements in the rice growing regions.
• The value added products from broken rice will serve as alternative income and food source for farmers and consumers.
Outputs
• A Social Survey was conducted from June to September 2011 in the rice growing areas.
• In Mwea Irrigation Scheme 302 farmer respondents were interviewed. The following are some of the findings;
• The average land holding is 2.83 acre per household, ranging from 0 to 15.25 acres.
1.Documentation of the constraints and obstacles to achieving maximum rice productivity in Kenya
Source of rice seeds
Yes98%
No2%
Farmers awareness of rice blast disease
RESULTS / OUTPUTS
Impact of rice blast
Affected76%
Have never been af -
fected
24%
Farmers that have been affected by the rice blast disease
40%
52%
6%
2%
Type of blast
Panicle LeafNeckStem
Perception on rice blast disease susceptibility in various rice varieties
Geographical distribution of rice blast disease in Mwea region
Rice blast disease mapping
2. Increasing the productivity of basmati rice through breeding for increased grain number, resistance to lodging by dwarfing and resistance to blast through phenotypic and later genotypic selection (HB23*Basmati hybrids and LIA)
Habataki parent Basmati370 parent
Hybrids from the crosses
x
T- 65 ParentO. Longistaminata
parent
x
LIA LINE UNDER EVALUATION
Tillers 26.4Culm .L 71.7P. L 23.8Tillers No. 50
Culm.L 93Panicle.L. 23Filled Grains 3395Panicle No. 49
Tillers No. 72Culm.L 93Panicle.L. 26Filled Grains 3692Panicle No. 71
Tillers No. 18Culm.L 97Panicle.L. 21Filled Grains 1194Panicle No. 14
SNO. RICE LINE TILLER NO.PLANT HEIGHT
PANICLE LENGTH
PANICLE NUMBER
FILLED GRAINS
EMPTY GRAINS
TOTAL GRAIN NO.
GRAINS/PANICLE
1 Line 1 50 93 23 49 3395 1776 5171 1062 Line 2 72 93 26 71 3692 3559 7251 1023 Line 3 40 90 27 39 3432 1820 5252 1354 Line 4 50 86 27 40 3667 1994 5661 1425 Line 5 30 93 25 28 3732 1643 5375 1926 Line 6 56 96 26 56 4867 1571 6438 1157 Line 7 35 94 29 34 3978 2702 6680 1968 Line 8 29 118 28 29 3430 805 4235 1469 Line 9 37 95 22 37 3520 904 4424 120
10 B370 18 97 21 14 1194 143 1337 96
Agronomic characteristics of the HB23x Basmati hybrid selection during the F3 generation
SNO CROSS ID NO OF TILLERS CULM LENGTH PANICLE LENGTH1 Selection 1 Tillers 26.4 64.4 21.32 selection 2 25.4 59.4 19.83 Selection 3 23.1 56.0 19.34 Selection 4 20.5 59.1 18.25 Selection 5 16.2 54.4 17.46 Selection 6 18.5 71.7 23.87 Selection 7 16.0 68.2 22.68 Selection 8 18.8 66.8 22.2
Agronomic traits of the LIA selection during the F6 generation
Evaluation of HB23 x Basmati F3 hybrid selections at Mwea
Evaluation of LIA F5 selections at JKUAT rice experimental field
Screening the bacterial and fungal isolates for bio-fertilizer activities
+ - +
Screening the Actinomycete isolates for antifungal activity against rice blast
Growth Inhibition Zone
Isolate 5 Isolate 4
M.grisea Actinomycetes
Phosphate Solubilization test IAA production test
3. Screening Epiphytes, Rhizobacteria and Actinomycete as biotic agents for rice blast suppression and as growth promoters
Rice husksKilns for
carbonizingCarbonized rice husks
Compression briquetting machine
Rice husks gasifier stove Briquettes BriquettesFabricated briquetting
machine
4. Food quality and agricultural products value addition through utilization of rice straw and rice husks for energy and broken rice for value added products
Garlicflavoured
Rice flour mixed breads
Rice crackers
Rice flour filled sausages
Broken rice
Rice flour Rice noodles
5:Reducing post harvest losses through improved threshing
Units of Senbakoki fabricated in JKUAT and disseminated to Mwea for evaluation
Farmers in Mwea using the Senbakoki thresher during rice harvesting
SRI and AWD
Testing water and crop management technologies under greenhouse conditions
6. Increasing water use efficiency in rice production through increased adoption of technologies such as SRI, subsurface drip irrigation, and AWD
The structure which was being used as a rice gene bank at Mwea
The condition inside the old rice gene bank at Mwea
The reconstruction of the old rice gene bank at Mwea
The reconstructed rice gene bank at Mwea
Evaluation of the purity of the local rice varieties in the field and under greenhouse conditions at JKUAT
Collected local varietiesPlanting in the field
Local varieties in greenhouseat vegetative stage
Local varieties in the fieldat flowering stagePhenotypic characterization of Local
rice varieties at the JKUAT rice experimental field
Determining nutrient losses through leaching and vaporization
Determining nutrient losses through leaching
8.To determine the Nitrogen dynamics of Kenya rice soils for optimum rice production
Rice plants ready for harvesting
Leachate collection tubes
Field preparation for evaluation of Nitrogen dynamics of Kenya
Percolation measurement- drain pipe for collection of leachate and lysimeter for percolation measurement
AcknowledgementWe appreciate the National council for Science and
Technology (NCST) for providing financial support to this project and Jomo Kenyatta University (JKUAT)
for providing space on which to carry out the project
THANK YOU END