rich detector for the eic’s forward region particle identification (rd2013-4)

RICH DETECTOR FOR THE EIC’S FORWARD REGION

PARTICLE IDENTIFICATION (RD2013-4)

F. Barbosa, W. Brooks, M. Contalbrigo, A. Datta, M. Demarteau,J.M. Durham, D. Fields, X. He, H.van Hecke(co-PI), J. Huang,

M. Liu, J. McKisson, Y. Qiang(co-PI), P. Rossi, M. Sarsour,R. Wagner, W. Xi, L. Xue, Z. Zhao, C. Zorn

an EIC R&D Proposal – July 21, 2014

EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang 2

Changes from Previous Proposal

More collaboration institutions

Refined research goals

Complete list of manpower devoted to the project

… The proponents are highly accomplished and respected members of the community with the relevant experience to execute the work proposed. … Each proposing institution is a National Lab with significant technical resources and personpower, however the amount of personpower that can be assigned to carry out this work, beyond the personpower requested, is absent from the proposal. … With the addition of a full accounting of the personpower available to carry out the work proposed, the Committee would welcome a resubmission of this proposal.

– Report of the EIC Detector Advisory Committee

7/21/2014


OverviewMotivation for a RICH detector

Choice of technologies

An exploratory two-year plan

Budget request and summary

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EIC PID Requirements• Very rich physics program:

◦ Nucleon tomography and spin structure

◦ Quark hadronization◦ Spectroscopy◦ Many more …

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• Dedicated EIC machine and spectrometer◦ Hermetic detector system◦ Large momentum range◦ Multi-particle detection in final

statesCh

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kov

Coun

ter

Magnet

RICH

Det

ecto

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EM C

alor

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EM C

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imet

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Barrel EM Calorimeter

Tracking

9 m

TOF/DIRC

Ionbeam

electronbeam


Hadron Identification in SIDIS• Semi-Inclusive Deep-Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS)

◦ Golden channel to study spin-orbital correlation through transverse momentum-dependent parton distributions (TMDs)

• K/π identification in Forward(Backward) region:◦ 0 – 15 GeV, 4-σ separation

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K/π ratio

Forward

Backward


Choice of Technologies• Multiple technologies are needed• 0 – 3 GeV: Time-of-flight• 3 – 10 GeV: Aerogel RICH (Used in HERMES, LHCb, AMS, BELLE …)

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• 10 – 15 GeV: heavy gas

◦ C4F10/C4F8O RICH▪ good light yield

◦ CF4 threshold counter

▪ needs aerogel to veto protons

▪ can cover much higher range as RICH


Dual Radiator Concepts• MEIC design geometry

constraint: ~150 cm length• Focusing RICH◦ Aerogel RICH: 3 – 10 GeV◦ C4F10: 10 – 20 GeV◦ Focused by a Fresnel lens

▪ absorbs scattered UV lights◦ Readout resolution: < 2 mm

• Proximity Focusing◦ Aerogel RICH: 3 – 10 GeV◦ CF4 threshold counter: 8 – 17 GeV

▪ signals from readout window mixed with photons from CF4

◦ Readout resolution: < 4 mm

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Modular Concept• Focusing aerogel RICH◦ Compact size

▪ 10 ~ 20 thick, fits the eRHIC design

◦ Single aerogel radiator▪ covers 3 – 10 GeV▪ needs to be paired with another

gas RICH (e.g. RD6)◦ Focusing Fresnel lens◦ Readout resolution: < 0.5 mm

• Modular design◦ Can be tiled to cover different

geometries for various experiments

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Aerogel

10 ~ 20 cm

Lens Photosensor


Status of Aerogel Development• Aerogel strongly scatters UV lights• Major developing groups

◦ Novosibirsk, Russia – hydrophilic◦ Chiba, Japan – Hydrophobic◦ Aspen, US

• Slowly being improved◦ Russia – more stable◦ Japan – needs more tuning

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Transmittance: Scattering length:


MCP-based LAPPD

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ALD MCP1.2 mm20 μm pore

large area photocathode

vacuum transfer system

transmission line readout15 GS/s waveformsampling DAQ

20×20 cm2

6×6 cm2


TOF Coverage using LAPPD• Excellent time resolution provides additional PID coverage

for low momentum◦ Single photon time resolution < 44 ps◦ Cherenkov lights from both radiators and window glass

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Expected TOF resolution ~ 20 ps

4-σ separation up

to 4 GeV

−−− K/π−−− K/p

time (ns)


GEM-based Readout• Photosensitive GEM

◦ Good position resolution for modular RICH design

◦ CsI-coated GEM detector developed for hadron blinded-detector (HBD) and gas RICH (RD6)▪ CsI only sensitive to UV light, not

suitable for aerogel◦ Bi-alkali coating possible, very

sensitive to operating gas – development needed

• Promising group of III-V semiconductor materials◦ Tunable wavelength range◦ Stable in air◦ May also be applied to LAPPD !

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… … … …


Center for High Tech Materials at UNM

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crystal growth – MBE system

first samples received!

current seen !


Goal and Major Tasks• An exploratory two-year project

◦ Determine the optimal detector technology and provide a conceptual design of a RICH detector for the EIC

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EIC-

RICH

Detector simulation

Study of MCP-based LAPPD

Development of photosensitive GEM readout

Selection of aerogel tiles


Detector Simulation• Goals

◦ Obtain requirements on various components of the RICH detector in a realistic EIC environment

◦ Aid the development of the conceptual design

• Participants – 1.3 FTE◦ JLab: one postdoc (25%), Yi Qiang (10%) ◦ GSU: Liang Xue (25%), one graduate student (50%)◦ JLab/ODU: Zhiwen Zhao (10%)◦ BNL: Jin Huang (10%)

• Remarks◦ Use existing MEIC-GEMC framework with author’s support

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MCP-based LAPPD• Goals

◦ Investigate the applicability of LAPPD units▪ photodetection efficiency, dark rate, resolution, rate capability, radiation, field etc.

◦ Improve performance if needed▪ rate capability, readout ambiguity etc.

• Participants – 1.75/2.05 FTE◦ JLab: one postdoc (45%), Yi Qiang (30%), Carl Zorn (20%), Fernando Barbosa

(0/10%), Jack McKisson (0/10%), Wenze Xi (0/10%)◦ ANL: Jingbo Wang (20%) and Robert Wagner (10%)◦ UTFSM: one graduate student (50%)

• Remarks◦ Testing facilities, radiation sources, magnets available at JLab◦ LAPPD R&D facilities available at ANL◦ Common interests with JLab’s GlueX-DIRC project◦ Benefit RD2013-5 (TOF), RD2011-3 (DIRC)

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Photosensitive GEM• Goals

◦ Investigate and tuning the performance of different photocathode materials: semiconductor, bi-alkali

◦ Determine the feasibility of applying these photocathode on GEM and LAPPD

• Participants – 1.8 FTE◦ UNM: one postdoc (50%), one graduate student (100%), Douglas

Fields (10%)◦ LANL: Hubert van Hecke (10%), Matt Durham (10%)

• Remarks◦ Dedicated crystal growth facilities available at UNM’s CHTM◦ Benefit RD2013-5 (TOF)

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Aerogel Tiles• Goal

◦ Working closely with different aerogel research groups, Novosibirsk, Chiba, Aspen etc. to choose the optimal aerogel tiles for the EIC RICH detector

• Participants – 0.7 FTE◦ JLab: one postdoc (30%), two summer students (20%), Yi Qiang (10%)◦ INFN: Marco Contalbrigo (10%)

• Remarks◦ EIC-RICH project will motivate continuing research on aerogel with

good optical qualities

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Summary of Manpower and Cost

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Task Simulation LAPPD GEM Aerogel

Institutions JLab, GSU, BNL, ODU JLab, ANL, UTFSM LANL, UNM JLab, INFN

Staff/Prof. Qiang (0.1), Huang (0.1)

Qiang (0.3),Zorn (0.2),

Barbosa (0/0.1),McKisson (0/0.1),

Xi (0/0.1),Wagner (0.1),

Wang (0.2)

van Hecke(0.1),Durham (0.1),

Fields (0.1)Qiang (0.1),Contalbrigo

(0.1)

Postdoc Zhao (0.1), JLab (0.25), Xue (0.25) JLab (0.2+0.25) UNM (0.5) JLab (0.3)

Student GSU (0.5) UTFSM (0.5) UNM (1) JLab (0.2)Total Labor 1.3 FTE 1.75/2.05 FTE 1.8 FTE 0.7 FTELabor Cost $ 55k / 55k $ 25k / 25k $ 69k / 69k $ 30k / 30kMS & Equip $ 4k / 0 $ 30k / 25k $ 20k / 15k $ 40k / 10k

Travel $ 6k / 6k $ 20k / 20k $ 5k / 5k $ 5k / 5kSubtotal $ 65k / 61k $ 75k / 70k $ 94k / 89k $ 75k / 45k

blue – supported by research, operations or other sourcesbold – Leading personnel

Total Cost: $ 309k / 265kOverhead included (year 1/year 2)


Summary

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• An aerogel-based RICH detector is proposed to provide necessary hadron identification in the EIC’s forward region

• A two-year joint effort is planned to investigate various technologies, find optimal solution and provide a conceptual design for such a detector◦ Two design options will be evaluated: dual-radiator RICH for

maximum coverage and modular aerogel RICH for maximum flexibility

◦ Two economical novel readout options will be studied: MCP-based LAPPD and GEM-based readout

• The success of the project will become the base of the development of an EIC-RICH prototype


Backup Slides

7/21/2014


Options for Readout

MaPMT SiPM MCP-PMT GEMCost ~ $1M/m2 ~ $1M/m2 Low Low

Position resolution ~ mm ~ mm ~ mm ~100 µmTime resolution fair good very good poor

Dark rate low high low ? fairSingle photon detection fair good fair ? poor

Rate capability good good fair ? goodRadiation hardness good poor good ? good

Field sensitivity poor very good fair ? good

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Budget (overhead included)• Most of the staff time is covered by Lab’s research funding

or base operation

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Task FY2015 FY2016Simulation $65k $61k

LAPPD $75k $70kGEM $94k $89k

Aerogel $75k $45kTotal $309k $265k

Institution FY2015 FY2016JLab $137k $100kLANL $25k $20kANL $25k $25kINFN $5k $5kBNL $2k $2kUNM $69k $69kGSU $34k $34k

UTFSM $10k $10kODU/JLab $2k $0

Total $309k $265k

By tasks

By institutions


ALD Functionalized MCP

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micro-channel plate (MCP)

Conventional Pb-glass MCP

single material (Pb-glass): • higher cost• fragile

• limited lifetime

glass substrate + functionalized

ALD layers

Glass Substrate by INCOMBorosilicate, 20 μm pores

1 mm thick

atomic layer deposition (ALD)

ResistiveLayer

ConductiveLayer

EmissiveLayer

• good performance

• lower cost• longer lifetime


Solution to Forward PID• Multiple radiators are needed to cover the broad kinematic

range◦ TOF + high-n radiator (aerogel) + low-n radiator (gas)◦ Can we combine them into one detector?

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SIDIS Event Efficiency


Background rate in ALD-MCP

• Background rate of a 33 mm ALD-MCP with 20 μm pores and 1.2 mm thickness measured at 7×106 gain

◦ 33 mm diameter◦ 20 μm pores, 1.2 mm thickness◦ 0.84 counts/cm2/s, comparable

with comic ray

• More test needed for full assembly with photocathode

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Background hits over 3000 s

33 mm


Magnetic Field Tolerance of MCPs

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Typical field response of Hamamatsu MCP-PMTs


Gain of MCP with different rates

Measurement of an older 10 μm pore ALD-MCP with MgO emission layer

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Performance of Hamamatsu MCP-PMTs106 gain → 300 kHz/cm2 – 15 MHz/cm2


Lifetime of ALD-MCPs• Significant improvement with preconditioning over traditional

MCPs◦ Possibility due to cleaner glass substrate with much less

contamination to create ion backflow

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Conventional MCPs

ALD-MCPLifetime of an older ALD-MCP pair (20 μm pore, MgO emission layer, 60:1 L/d, 8○ bias) compared with conventional MCPs


Characterizating Aerogel Tiles

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Thickness mapping Spectrophotometer as light source

Prism method for chromatic dispersion Gradient method for uniformity


Ring Images in Modular Design

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Normal Incident Off-center Incident Tilted Incident


Dual-Radiator RICH Simulation

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Simulation in GlueX Environment

Cherenkov hits from 3 cm aerogel Cherenkov hits from 40 cm C4F10 and 0.5 mm glass

5 GeV pions

EIC R&D RD2013-4 EIC-RICH Yi Qiang

EIC Data Flow

Event GeneratorModel Simulation

(GEMC)Smearing

Calibration

CookedData

Reconstruction(JANA)Text file

(LUND)

RawData

DetectorPhysics

EVIOEVIO

EVIOEVIO

EVIO

Analysis

EVIO

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dual-solenoid in common cryostat4 m coil

EM c

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e/π

thr

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RICH

EM calorimeter

EM c

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barrel DIRC + TOF

(top view)

2 m deep1 m deep

3 m

5 m3 m

Si-pixel vertex +

diskscentral tracker

forward tracker

forward tracker

Coil

wal

l

7/21/2014

rich detector for the eic’s forward region particle identification (rd2013-4)

Documents

eicrich yi qiang10

focusingaerogel rich

gas rich

zornan eic rd proposal

mm7212014eic rd rd2013

2overview7212014eic

separation7212014eic

previous proposal