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Prepared by: Richer Irish B. Evangelista

CLIP ARTS OF THE

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM


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The foundations of the

endocrine system are the hormones

and glands. As the body's chemicalmessengers, hormones transfer

information and instructions from

one set of cells to another. Although

many different hormones circulate

throughout the bloodstream, each

one affects only the cells that are

genetically programmed to receive

and respond to its message.

Hormone levels can be influenced byfactors such as stress, infection, and

changes in the balance of fluid and

minerals in blood.

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A gland is a group of cells that

produces and secretes, or gives off,

chemicals. A gland selects and removes

materials from the blood, processes

them, and secretes the finished

chemical product for use somewhere in

the body. Some types of glands release

their secretions in specific areas. For

instance, exocrine glands, such as the

sweat and salivary glands, release

secretions in the skin or inside of the

mouth. Endocrine glands, on the other

hand, release more than 20 major

hormones directly into the bloodstream

where they can be transported to cells

in other parts of the body.

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The endocrine system begins

with glands which secrete regulatory

chemicals known as hormones intothe bloodstream. The bloodstream

whisks the hormones to the

intended target, supplying the

necessary bodily function with an

adequate supply of hormones.

Target cell, the reception area of the

appropriate reception of the

hormones, give out feedback signals

which explains to the endocrineglands how much hormone is

necessary.

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The human body contains

variable glands throughout the body.Each, however, is classified either as

endocrine glands or exocrine glands.

Exocrine glands are responsible for

the production of mucous, sweat,

saliva, and other bodily excretions.

The endocrine glands produce

enough variants within the entire

system that they are worthy of an

entire system devoted specifically totheir responsibilities, thus the

human body has an endocrine

system.

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The endocrine glands secrete

their product directly into the

bloodstream, bypassing the need for

a duct system that the exocrineglands require. Chemicals that can

not be deposited into the blood are

deposited into the interstitial fluid

which surrounds the gland.

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Controls Pituitary Gland

control many other endocrine functions

These include follicle-stimulating hormone

(FSH), which stimulates development and

maturation of a follicle in one of a womansovaries, and leutinizing hormone (LH), which

causes the bursting of that follicle (= ovulation)

and the formation of a corpus luteum from the

remains of the follicle.

THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

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The pituitary gland is the major and

controlling gland of the endocrine system. Often

referred to as the master gland of the endocrine

system, the structure of pituitary gland, along

with the hormones it secretes combine to form

the primary site in the body for the coordination

of nervous system and endocrine system function.The pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis

or hypophysis cerbri, produces a number of

hormones that control hormone production in

other endocrine glands.


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This gland is located near the center of the

brain in humans, and is stimulated by nerves fromthe eyes. In some other animals, the pineal gland

is closer to the skin and directly stimulated by

light (some lizards even have a third eye). The

pineal gland secreted melatonin at night when its

dark, thus secretes more in winter when thenights are longer. Melatonin promotes sleep

(makes you feel sleepy). It also affects

reproductive functions by depressing the activity

of the gonads.


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Thyroid gland makes and stores hormones

that help regulate the heart rate, blood pressure,

body temperature, and the rate at which food is

converted into energy. Thyroid hormones are

essential for the function of every cell in the body.

They help regulate growth and the rate ofchemical reactions (metabolism) in the body.

Thyroid hormones also help children grow and

develop.


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The parathyroid glands are four or more

small glands, about the size of a grain of rice,located on the posterior surface (back side) of the

thyroid gland. The parathyroid glands are named

for their proximity to the thyroid but serve a

completely different role than the thyroid gland.

They are quite easily recognizable from thethyroid as they have densely packed cells, in

contrast with the follicle structure of the thyroid.

However, at surgery, they are harder to

differentiate from the thyroid or fat.


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These sit on top of the kidneys.

They

consist of two parts, the outer cortex and the

inner medulla. The medulla secretes epinephrine

(= adrenaline) and other similar hormones in

response to stressors such as fright, anger,

caffeine, or low blood sugar. The cortex secretescorticosteroids such as cortisone. Corticosteroids

are well-known as being anti-inflammatory, thus

are prescribed for a number of conditions.


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The pancreas is a gland organ

in the digestive and endocrine system

of vertebrates. It is both an endocrinegland producing several important

hormones, including insulin, glucagon,

and somatostatin, as well as an

exocrine gland, secreting pancreatic

juice containing digestive enzymes

that pass to the small intestine. These

enzymes help to further break down

the carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

in the chyme.menu


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The ovary is an ovum-producing

reproductive organ, often found in pairs

as part of the vertebrate female

reproductive system. Ovaries in femalesare homologous to testes in males, in that

they are both gonads and endocrine

glands.

The ovaries aren't attached to

the fallopian tubes but to the outer layer

of the uterus via the ovarian ligaments.

Usually each ovary takes turns releasing

eggs every month; however, if there was a

case where one ovary was absent or

dysfunctional then the other ovary would

continue providing eggs to be released.

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The testicle (from Latin

testiculus, diminutive oftestis,

meaning "witness" [of virility],

plural testes) is the male

generative gland in animals.

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Human Endocrine System

Clipart images of the human

endocrine system, which includes the

system of organs involved in the production

of hormones responsible for regulating

metabolism, growth, development, and

tissue function that are not included in the

other systems. Organs in this category

include the thyroid, parathyroid, thymus,

adrenal glands, liver, and pancreas.


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Hepatic Lobules of the Liver

Diagram of two hepatic lobules of the

liver. "The left hand lobule is represented

with the intralobular vein cut across; in the

right hand one the section takes the course

of the intralobular vein. ...

Liver

"The Liver seen from Below and Behind. A

and B, smaller lobes of the liver; C, portal

vein; D hepatic artery; E, inferior vena

cava; F, trunk of the left he...


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Liver

Under surface of liver. Labels: 1, right lobe; 2,

left lobe; 3, 4, 5, smaller lobes; 9, inferior vena

cava; 10, gall-bladder; 11, 11, transverse

fissure, or "gate of the liver," containing bile

duct...

Liver

The liver, lower surface....


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Liver from Behind

The liver from the below and behind, showing the

whole of the visceral surface and the posterior area of

the parietal surface. The portal fissure has been

slightly opened up to show the vessels passin...

Liver from Front

The liver from the front, showing the superior, right,

and anterior areas of the parietal surface....


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Liver Structure

Diagram to illustrate the relationship of blood

capillaries, bile capillaries, and liver cells.

Labels: L, intralobular vein at center of lobule;

P, vessel of interlobular plexus from which a

blood ...

Deformed Liver,

Deformed female liver....


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Fissures and Lobes of Liver,

Fissures and Lobes of the liver. There are 5 fissures of the

liver, which are situated on the inferior and posterior

surfaces and arranged in the form of the letter H. There

are 5 lobes of the liver...

Liver, Structure

Diagram to illustrate the arrangement of the blood

vessels (on right) within the lobule of the liver. The first

diagram shows the interlobular veins running around the

outerside of the lobule, and se...


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Structure of the Liver,

A diagram to illustrate the structure of the liver. A,

arrangement of liver lobules around the sublobular

branches of the hepatic vein; B, Section of portal canal,

showing its contained branches of th...

Under Surface of Liver,

The under surface of the liver. Labels: d, right, and s, left

lobe; Vh, hepatic vein; Vp, portal vein; Vc, vena cava

inferior; Dch, common bile-duct; Dc, cystic duct; Dh,

hepatic duct; Vf, gallbladd...


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Lobule ofThymus Gland

Transverse section of a lobule of an injected infantile thymus

gland. Labels: a, capsule of connective tissue surrounding the

lobule; b, membrane of the glandular vesicles; c, cavity of the

lobule, fr...

Lobules of the Liver

Lobules of the liver (1), which are small, granular-looking

bodies, of polygonal shape, and about 1/20 inch in diameter,

clustered around the sublobular branches of the hepaticveins, and connected to...


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Pancreas

"The pancreas, partly cut away, so as to show the duct,

which collects the pancreatic juice, and empties it into the

duodenum." Tracy, 1888...

Pancreas

Posterior view of pancreas. Labels: 1, pancreas; 2,

pancreatic duct; 6, opening of common duct, formed by

union of pancreatic and choledochus ducts, into

duodenum; A, pyloric end of stomach; B, duod...


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Pancreas Showing Arrangement of Lobules,

Section of

Section of pancreas under low magnification,

showing general arrangement of lobules....

Pancreas, Section of

Section of human pancreas, showing pancreatic

islands....


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Pancreas,

The pancreas, a compound racemose gland

about 5.5 inches long and 1.5 inches wide,

situated transversely across the posterior wall of

the abdomen behind the stomach and in front of

the first lumbar ve...

Parathyroid Gland

The position of the parathyroid glands. Viewed

from behind....


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Thymus Gland

The thymus gland in a full term fetus....

Thymus Gland

Deep surface of the thymus gland, taken

from a fetus....


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Thymus Showing Replacement ofThymus

Tissue by Fat, Section of

Section of thymus body of man of twenty

eight, showing invasion and replacement

of thymus tissue by fat....

Elements of the Thymus,

Elements of the thymus....


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