ricis 87symposium - nasa

RICIS "87SYMPOSIUM

Research Institute for

Computing and Information

Systems

Executive Summary of Symposium '87

A.G. Houston

editor

RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR

COMPUTING AND INFORMATION

SYSTEMS

Executive Summary of Symposium '87

Houston, Texas

October 14-15, 1987

edited by

A. Glen Houston

Director, RICIS

University of Houston-Clear Lake

PREFACE

This document summarizes the proceedings of RICIS Symposium '87, which was held at the

University of Houston - Clear Lake on October 14-15, 1987.

This symposium was sponsored by the Research Institute for Computing and Information

Systems of the University of Houston - Clear Lake. RICIS was founded in 1986 to encourage the

NASA Johnson Space Center and local industry to actively support research in the computing and

information sciences. In May, 1986, UH - Clear Lake and JSC entered into a three-year cooperative

agreement to jointly plan and execute such research through R/aS.

This symposium was held to present the first year's research activities conducted through

RICIS as well as to introduce the JSCAJH -Clear Lake cooperative research program. The program

consisted of one and a half-days of sessions. Wednesday afternoon was devoted to presenting the

RICIS concept and an overview of the research being conducted. On Thursday, there were five

technical sessions featuring researchers presenting their research results and near-term plans. The

five technical areas addressed were Education and Training, Computer Systems and Software Engi-

neering, Information Management, Mathematical and Statistical Analysis and Artificial Intelligence

and Expert Systems.

It was decided to publish an executive summary of this symposium, rather than the papers

presented, since in most cases the researchers were not at a point in their research to publish results.

It is noted that f'mal reports of the research will be published and may be obtained from the RICIS

Project Office as they become available.

A large number of people helped make RICIS Symposium '87 a big success. The organizing

committee included Peter C. Bishop, Sam J. Bruno, Terry Feagin, Glenn B. Freedman, Cecil R.

Hallum, Robert F. Hodgin and Charles W. McKay. A special thanks is extended to Sam J. Bruno for

tending the many details required to make such an event a success.

The RICIS Project Office staff, particularly Kerry Ellison, Vickie Gilliland and Bassanio

Wong, aided by other UH - Clear Lake staff, notably, Jean Hart, Mary Jo Westover, Olga Gonzales

and Melinda Goyne, oversaw the correspondence and bookkeeping, maintained a participant data-

base, assembled registration packets, and manned the registration booths. E.T. Dickerson, Dean of

the School of Natural and Applied Sciences, UH - Clear Lake and R.B. MacDonald, Assistant to the

Director for Technology Utilization Mission Support, Directorate, NASA Johnson Space Center,

were very supportive and provided welcome guidance for conducting this symposium. Thanks ate

also extended to Amy Kennedy, Employee Development, NASA/JSC, and Connye McLendon,

Administrative Office, Mission Suplx_ Directorate, NASAJJSC for working the registration and

transportation issues, respectively, for JSC employees to attend this symposium.

Financial support for the Symposium came from NASA Johnson Space Center through

Cooperative Agreement NCC 9-16.

A. Glen Houston

Director, RICIS

Contents

Welcome and Opening

JSC/UH - Clear Lake Cooperative Research Program

The RICIS Concept

RICIS Research

Invited Talk

Keynote Address

RICIS Research Areas

WELCOME AND OPENING

Thomas M. Stauffer, President, UH-Clear Lake

Paul J. Weitz, Deputy Director, NASA Johnson Space Center

The RICIS Symposium '87 opened with remarks by Dr. Thomas Stauffer, president of the

University of Houston-Clear Lake, and by Paul J. Weitz, Deputy Director of NASA Johnson Space

Center. Dr. Stauffer drew an analogy between software engineering research and the emerging

superconductor technology. He indicated that while cooperation between academia and industry is

sometimes difficult, joint research, like that which is being conducted through RICIS, is of

significance to Houston, to Texas and to the entire nation.Mr. Weitz discussed the importance of software systems to the space program. He said that

without the appropriate major software systems, spacecraft design, flight simulator, mission control

and the Space Shuttle are not possible.

JSC/UH-CLEAR LAKE

COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM

Joseph P. Loftus, Jr., Assistant Director for Plans, NASA Johnson Space Center

Charles S. Hardwick, Senior Vice President and ProvostUH-Clear Lake

Joseph P. Loftus, Assistant Director of Plans for JSC, and Dr. Charles Hardwick, Senior

Vice President and Provost of UH-Clear Lake, offered comments about the cooperative nature of

the JSC/UH-Clear Lake research program. Mr. Loftus discussed the space business as being

extremely information-intensive. He pointed out that, aside from the returning Space Shuttle, an

information su'eam is currently the only product we obtain from space. Hence, solutions are to be

found in software.

Dr. Hardwick discussed the need for a "major revolution" in the methods by which manag-

ers and engineers are educated. Educational systems and curricula need to be developed to allow

them to better cope with the complexity of software and to ensure the success of the space program.

THE RICIS CONCEPT

E.T. Dickerson, Dean, School of Naturaland AppliedSciences,UH-Clear Lake

Robert B. MacDonald, AssistanttotheDirectorforTechnology Utilization,

Mission Support Directorate,NASA Johnson Space Center

A. Glen Houston, Director,RICIS, UH-Clear Lake

The RICIS Concept

Dr. E.T. Dickerson, Dean of the School of Natural and Applied Sciences, UH-Clear Lake,

Mr. Robert B. MacDonald, Assistant to the Director for Technology Utilization, Mission Support,

Directorate, JSC and Dr. A. Glen Houston, Director of RICIS, UH-Clear Lake discussed the history

and objectives of R.IOS.

RICIS SYMPOSIUM '8'7PROGRAM

WEDNESDAY, oCrOBER 14BAYOU BUILDING

12'.30-5.'00 REGISTRATION ATRIUM 1

1:30-1:45 WELCOME AND OPENING AUDITORIUM

Thomas M. Stauffer, President, UH-Clear Lake

Paul J. Weitz, Deputy Director, NASA Johnson Space Center

1:45-2.-05 JSC/Utt-CLEAR LAKE COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM AUDITORIUM

Joseph P. Loftus, Jr., Assistant Director for Plans,NASA Johnson Space Center

Charles S. Hardwick, Senior Vice President and ProvostUH-Clear Lake

2.@5-2:50 THE RICIS CONCEPT

E. T. Dickerson, Dean, School of Natural and AppliedSciences, UH-Clear Lake

Robert B. MacDonald, Assistant to the Director for

Technology Utilization, Mission Support Directorate,NASA Johnson Space Center

A. Glen Houston, Director, RICIS, UH-Clear Lake

AUDITORIUM

2:50-3.'05 REFRESHMENT BREAK AUDITORIUM FOYER

3.@5-4:45 RIClS RESEARCH

Com0eterSystem ud SoawareCharles W. Mc,Kay, Diteaor, High Technologies

Laboratory and So/lware Engineefi_,Research Center,UH-Clear Lake

_e_e _a _ SystemsTe,rry Feagia, UH-C_u"

Peter C. Bishop, UH-C_r

Mathematicalml Sta_ _y_R. I-I_um, UH-CI_r Lake

Eduoltion and TrainingGlenn B. Fn_m, Dir_r, Center for Cognitionand _oo, UIt-O_r Lake

AUDITORIUM

Qq

4:45-5.'00 REFRESHMENT BREAK AUDITORIUM FOYER

5.'00-5:30 _TALK

Lee B. Holmmb, Dimcg_, Human Sciences

and Human Facto_ OAST, NASA Headquarters

CLOSING REMARKS

Robert F. Hodsin, UH-Clear Lake

AUDITORIUM

6:30-7:30 RECEPTION - CASH BAR OK.RUTH CENTERSecond Floor

7:30-8:30 DINNER GILRUTH CENTER

8:30-9.'00 KEYNOTE ADDRESS

The Real Technologies in Space ,._rion laformation Systems

John R. Garman, Director of Information Systems Services

Space Station Program Office, NASA Headquarters

GILRUTH CENTER

THURSDAY OCTOBER 15

8.'00-8".30 REGISTRATION/CONTINEWrAL BREAKFAST ATRIUM I

8:30-8".35

8:35-9:45

RICIS RESEARCH AREAS

Robert F. Hodgin, UH-Oear Lake

EDUCATION AND TRAINING

Conveners: Glenn B. Freedman, UH-Oelu" Lake

Amy B. Kennedy, Em#oyee Developmeat, NASA/JSC

Review ofthe_n and _ Actit,iti_Glean B. F_an, UH-Cktr Lake

Softmre_ anddse_ toAdzJohn Mcertde,sofrecb, tw.

ComputerBasedAda Tmin_ Uan$H.vpen_S.v_msJack_ andRobertWallace,Sdr_a,

ROOM 2-532

ROOM 2-532

9:.45-10:00 REFRF_IIM BREAK ROOM 1-532 FOYER

10:00-12:00 COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Conveners:. Charles W. McKay, UH-Clear Lake

ROOM 2-532

Stephen A. Gorman, Head, Application Systems,

Spacecraft Software Division, NASA/JSC

Fault Tolerant Ada Software

Pat Rogers, UH-Ciear Lake

A Study of Converting PCTE System Specifications to Ada

Kathy Rogers, Rockwell International

Proof-of-Concept Prototype of the Clear Lake Model for Ada Run Time Support Environment

Charles Randall, GHG Corporation

Testing And Verification of Ada Flight Software for Embedded Computers

David Auty, SofTech, Inc.

Ada Programming Support Environment Data Base

Anthony Lekkos, UH-Clear Lake

12:00-1:00 BUFFET LUNCHEON FOREST ROOM

1:00-2:30 INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

Conveners: Peter C. Bishop, UH-Clear Lake

William J. Huffstetler, Assistant to the Director, Engineering, NASA/JSC

The Need for Strategic Information at JSC

William J. Huffstetler, NASA/JSC

Research Projects in Information Management

Peter C. Bishop, UH-Clear Lake

T'tmothy N. Tulk_:h, Vice President, TNT Consulting

Space Station

Docwnentation Technololff and Strategies

Christopher Dede, Professor of Education, UH-Clear Lake

Future Research Opponlmities

Lloyd R. Erick._n, Electronics Engineer, NASA/JSC

2"30-2:45 REFRF_HMENT BREAK ROOM 2-532 FOYER

"2:45-3-.30 MATH]F.,MATECAL AND STATISTI_LL ANALYSIS

R. HaUum, UI-I-Oear Lake

Da_ Z. C,e_, l_.um e_maiaSmSAnalysisDivis/ee,NASA/JSC

Space StationMomentwn Management and AttitudeControl

BorisWie, UniversityofTexas atAustin

Qmmah,/ng ,.r,o_ Re//ab_ (Invited Prmentuion)Patrick L. OdeU, University of Texas at Dallas

3".30-5:40 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND EXPERT SYSTEMS

Conveners: Terry Feagin, UI-I-Clear Lake

Timothy F. Oeghom, Mission Planning

Analysis Division, NASA/JSC

Introduction and Overview

Timothy F. Clcghom

C.ommanicafionand TrackingExpertSystemsfortheNASA Space SaaOon

T.F.Le£e_r/ed,Utl-ClearLake

$_nulat_n of P.obo_ Space $.nums

Yashvant JJu3_ l.,htCom _n

Roba_ Path Harming and _ft_m,e T_ Arc_x-we

Ridmrd D. Vol_ Univel_tyofI_

Fuzz), Sa and Re/raM T/twtyfo, Fa//are _ and _/n Space Symems

Thomas B. Sheridm_ Massachusetts Imtitute of Technology

A _ cra_ r_ _ and T_ vz_bn_/er S_ _mab_Johne. _ Jr_ nke Umvem_

z_emm_m ofa_o V_ona_ for Spacea_RuiJ_. de.F'_do, RiceUnivm_

CLOSING REMARKS

A. Glen Homum. UH-Cimr Lake

The RICIS Concept

Robert B. MacDonald

N91-18617

In May 1986, JSC initiated a cooperative program with the University of Houston - Clear

Lake to support research in computing and information systems. The objective of this program was

and is to provide continuing long-term research in support of the numerous mission and mission-

related endeavors of NASA/JSC. JSC defined a "cooperative agreement" as the appropriate

contractual vehicle to facilitate both joint participation of researchers from NASA, industry and the

university community, and sharing of supporting research facilities among the participants. Facilities

are shared by networking among UH-CL's research and data computing resources and JSC's

computing system.

A significant part of the cooperative program is its "gateway role." UH-CL is chartered to

involve researchers from outside organizations throughout the US and the world in projects defined

by professionals at NASA and UH-CL.

A particularly important set of activities being carried out under the cooperative program is

in the area of "computer software development." Because it recognized these activities as a critical

element of the cooperative program, the Office Aeronautics and Space Technology at NASA

Headquarters supported the initiation of the Software Engineering Research Center (SERC).

In order to meet research and education needs associated with the engineering of large, real-

time software systems for NASA's future numerous researchers at SERC are investigating:

.

,

.

.

engineering research issues central to large distributed systems for real-time and

distributed systems with active embedded elements (such as for thespace station)

concepts, principles and methodologies for the engineering of such large

software systems

"computer aided software engineering environments" to advance the state of

thepractice to achieve improvements in the quality productivity crucial to

the application of engineering methodologies to software lifecycle phases

the establishment and incorporation into of future systems of appropriate standards.

With the growth of software development activities, comes the increase need for education.

Currently most managers and professionals continue to emphasize the implementation and test

phases of the "software lifecyele." More disciplined engineering approaches require that this

managerial and professional workforce be educated in approaches to software development which

emphasize requirement and design phases and designing for change.

The evolution of engineering mefl_dologies and tools such as C._SE and languages like

AI_)A over the last ten years has created a severe shortage of individuals who Ire teclufically andemotionally p_)an_ to exploit fl_ese advances. In response, the School of Education and the

School of Natural and Applied Sciences at UH-C'lear Lake have emblJshed the Software

Engineering Professional Education Center (SEPEC). The objective of this new center is to

interact with SERC and other organizations throughout the US, such as the $EI at Carnegie MelLonUniversity, to develop and bring about suitable education and training at both professional andacademic levels.

In short, the central goal of the SERC and SEPEC is to develop and make available the

Engineering Knowhow, the qualified human resources and supporting to tools and rules to better"engineer large, d/stributed, real-time software systems of the future."

!

0m

m m

C_

f-I

!

r_

C_

0I

)I

II

II

cz";

ORIGINAl. PAGE ISOF POOR Q4JALITY

m

m

¢.)

ILlC/)

0m

0"-C/)

0

X0E

WWlU

E0ILW

0LL,

C_WQ

0 wI

0 I-.._ _ 00 a _.

E q

C.) a E ccw 0 0 u.

I- _ u. u.U"0U) W W-- r_

W U. U., U.

u. 0 0 0 wZ

° o o o _

C5 Z u._. ILL

z c_ w,,.I _) W E I-

w _ 0 c__ w 0 0_ _uu

(nLUI--Q.LIJ0Z00

U)

m

n,,

I

¢/)(nI

.,.J02:

!

(n

z

,q.coo)

ILl

Z

Q.=,<ILlU.IQ.0

(nI..-Q.iJ.ioz00

(n

m

Q=

U

GOO)

0LU

;[mmm)

0Q.(1.,<

0LU

Immm

g

(DO0O)

;[<C

IJ.I-r(nm

.-I

U)U.IILl

=JZ0

Z

14,1

if)

Z

ZR

0

0O,,0

(D

O)

if)

Z

I,U

I

if)

0Q.0

m

m

__1

0

Z

R

LU

mm

I-(/)Zm

(Ja:<IJJU)UJ

0m

0LI.U)

mira

,- IJJO'O I-'*" U)

m>.(.9¢nm

00

I-0

Q

00

(J

<

C_

r_

I-<I

aE00

W

<ZI

ZI£1Wc_

Q

W

/

m

IX:<U.ICOLLIrr,

0m

n_0U.C_

m

I-

I-(J

a

WI-<

¢CU.IC_

n-

aE00

WI-<ZIll

ZI£1W¢4lm

a

141p..

I

U)ZI

0

<U4U)ILl

0I

Z

>.

14,1F-.<

Z0I

<

14.1

Z

14,_oW

m

I--_0

_a.z_owza.

<

0

a.<

0>.

<

Z0I

Z

I

LUWI..-I..-m

0

ZI

ILlU.II--

I

m

I-m

m

mm

U)

0G.C_U.I

Z0m

I--

U.IC=_m

0-IW

i£1..I

I

..I0n_ZCOI

..Im

0m EW n_

m

C=02:I--=<I--ZI£IZW0 z< m Z

<_-_Z n_--, < ___J

E I,-W_ m ,C

-- E0 u_ I--W W COQ w I.-•- m (.1

E ww _

0 a

Zm

I,-

lj0

u_

0I-,<

l-mw

z

_d

I

_Ja.z__C_

i...w_mwl-,ww:EW

0I-

ILl

m

m

I-

3m

W

0a.c_

WW

_k

SZ00C_ZI

ElU

WI-E0Ck_k:)W

C_

I-i

Zm

ZZ<

.,I

I-0

I

a

ooo

WW

I

_E_E00

0

WuJ

0I,-,I-E0a_Q.

L14.

wwa

0

a

0W

0

n_

X0

<Wc_W

O

I

C_I

M

W

ZIiI

WI

WW<

I,-0W

0

n_

0

<WWI£1

0C_

WC_Cg0

Ck

0I-I

Z0

W0

0WI-DI-

ZI

W

<Z<

LULLII-I-/

0

C_LUC_

C_

/

I-m

m

mm

C_

0LC_

Z0R

I-

W

m

r_-I

r_U

C_

I-ILla

0L

C_

0

C_

C_m

-Im

C_

m

I-m

I-c_

0

WWW

I-0X0L

C_

a.m

ZR

C_

C_Z0R

I.-

N

Z

0Z:

e_

wt_we_

it

I-.Zlua

i-e,.0Wn-

r_z

C_.I

C_0

0

C_

WC_W

WI-

I-

C_LU

m

i-rai-I

ZQ

WC_

W

W

0

W

I I

I

I.--U)Zm

0

0

m

<W

LU

>.

Zm

I.-.

(1.

/

I

II

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

))1pI )

iZ

zI

W

RESEARCH ACTIVITY METHODOLOGY

• RESEARCH ACTIVITY MAY BE INITIATED BY RESEARCHER

OR JSC SPONSOR

• RESEARCH ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION CRAD) INCLUDES:

- RESEARCH OBJECTIVE

- BACKGROUND

- APPROACH

- SCHEDULE

- DELIVERABLES

- BUDGET

• RAD REQUIRES TECHNICAL APPROVAL (JSC AND UHCL)

• GATEWAY RESEARCH REQUIRES PROPOSAL (RAD) FROM

RESEARCH ORGANIZATION

RESEARCH ACTIVITY METHODOLOGY

• EACH RESEARCH ACTIVITY IS INITIATED (OR LATER

MODIFIED) VIA A PROGRAM CHANGE REQUEST (PCR)

• PCR REQUIRES ADMINISTRATIVE APPROVAL

(JSC & UH-CLEAR LAKE)

TabLe 1. Approved Rn4mrc_ Actlvltlee u of September 30, 1M7

RESEARCNIMSTITUTE FOR ccIqPUTING & INFQIUqAT|ON SYSTEMSCOOPERATIVE AQREIUqENT_ 9 - 16

PROJECT IMPLEMENT|NG JSC TECHliiCAL NQIiITOItRES_UICN ACTIVITY D]RECTOR ORGANIZATION IMiq_ CEQ.

= -- I_S Inlg Ill8 mBnll t Im Illi_STIm 8m .llBsmgs_ I_l.

AI.I CCI_I.qiCAT|OII & TLACI(INGEXPERT SYSTEMS STUDY

BE7LEIIIFRIED UH-CLEAB LAICE SCIBIIDT

Ai .2 CCIqPUTERGRAPHICS TESTSED TO FEAGIN & RICE UNIVERSITY ¢LEQlioRII Iqq7SIMULATE & TEST VISION EYS- CNEATNNqTENS FOIl SPACE APIWLICAT[ORS

ROBOTIC PATN PLAMNItG & SOFT- FEAGIN &WARE TEST-lIED ARCHITECTURE VOLZ

A! .3

AI.4 APPLICATION OF FUZZY SET A/dO FEA_IkM&RELATED THEORYTO FAXLUREOE- SNER|DANTECTION AND CONTROL IN SPACESYSTEMS

A! .5 OENONSTRATIONOF A 30 VISION FEAGIN &ALGORITHM FOR SPACE APPLICA- cleFIUIREDOTIONS

AI.6 SIMULATION OF ROOOTIC SPACEOPERATIONS

A[ .7 T IN THE CILAYX/MP

AI .8

AI .9

ET .3

ET ._

RiD FOR ORBOARDNAVIGATION (ONAV)GROUNDSASED EXlq[RT/TIUtINER SYSTEM

OeJECT ORIENTED P_dU_IqING &FRAME REPRESENTATION USING ADA

SOFTWAREENG. & ADA TNG

SOFTUAREENGINEERXNG WITN ADA:A LIFE-CYCLE CURRICULUIq

COMPUTERBASED ADA TILAININGSYSTEMS (CSATS)

SOFT_ ENGINEERING AND ADATRANSITION COURSEDEVI[LOPNENT

SPACE _UtlCET MODEL

CLEAR LAICEAREA CCIqlIUTERCAPABILITY UVIEY

%M.3 SPACE SHUTTLE PAYLQADINFORMATION SYSTIgq

XM.6

]N.5

IX.6

IN.7

IM.8

ELECTRCMI¢ DOCUNENTATIOR

LONG-RANGEPLAN FOR THECX]qMERCIALDEVEI_MT OFTNE SPAC_ STATIOR

NETHOOCX.OGIESFOR INTEGRATEDINFONIMTION NANAGB_NT SYSTEMS

DEVELCPlNG INTEGRATED PARNgTRICPLANMING MODELS FOR BUDGETINGAND MMAGING O01gq.iXDLrV. IqtOJ.

CLEAR UU_ AREA coIqJTEICAPABILITY CENSUS

MANAGEMEMTINFORMATION ANDOECISIOR _PlP_tT [RVIRQNN[NT

OIARRATANO& dANI

FEAGIM &HUDAK

FEAGIM &4Nql

FEAG!N, AUTY& CMARIIIA]C

FREEDMAN

FREEDMAM

FREEDMAN

FREEDMAN&MclSIOI[

IISNQP

I_OGIN

ltll_

IISIIOP &EVAN

BISIIOP &IMY[R

ETMYRE &BLA¢IC

mlM

111131I

UNIV. OF CLEGIN3RM FM7MICNIGMI

M.I.T. CLEGHORN fM7

RICE UNIVERSITY CLEGH(_N FN7

LINCCM CLEGH_tN FM7

YALE UNIVERSITY SAVELY FIq72

LINCCI4 CORP. SAVELY F1qT_

SOFTECN& SNULER FR&IIItO_UlllV.

UN-CLEAR LJU_ GOmqAN FR63

UN-CLEAR LAJ_ GCtNAN FR63

UH-CLEAR _ _ FR43

UN-CLEAR _ I_NNEOY JW311& SOFTECN

UN-CLF.AJI LA_ DE]_L ICE

UH-CL _ OF Ne¢OONAL9 FAU. REliSH

UN-CLEAR LAJ_ OENING EX2

UN-CLEAR LJUCE GORICAJI FR43

CTR FOR SPACE SVEGLIATO ICZAND ADV. TECH. HENDERSON F.X6

TEXAS A/dq SAVELY FN?2

UH- CLEAR LAKE MMl TTINGTON 10(2

UN- CLEJUI LA[E _ FA

UN-CLEA8 CLENt ERICI_DII FN26IM.9

Currlnt Date: 11-0¢t-87

PERIOD

II i w .

6/1/117 12/3t,+_"

6/1187 1011518?

6/1/87 12/31/87

6/1/87 12/31/87

611187 9130/87

611187 9115187

611/87 5/31/M

10/1187 5/31/88

1011/87 5/31/88

1116187 5131187

611187 12131187

611187 12/15/87

711187 _.115/_

6/1186 5/31/88

?.11187 6/30/87

111187 12131/87

611/87 5/31/88

611/87 9/31/8_

6/1/87 12/31/87

7/1187 1/15/lm

8/1187 311188

811187 5131188

ORIGINAL PAGE IS

OF POOR QUALITY

TabLe 1. ACq_roved Research Act|v|ties as of September 30, 1987

RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR C_TIWG & INFORMATIOR SYSTEMS

COQPERATIVE AGREEMENT NCC 9 • 16 Current Date: 11-0ct-87

PROJECT II_LERENTING JSC TECHNICAL MONITOR PERICX)RESEARCH ACTIVITY DIRECTOR ORGANIZATION NAME ORG. FRCi4 TO

========ssmsusslmss_mRms_mmiSmaas=zi_mliw8imBsuu_ml_s_mmmism_lmBm_mms8m_mi_n_u_mm8_I_mxm_m_zz_l_-__-_-_-_

IN.tO RESEARCH IN IMAGE MANAGEMENT BISHOP & UNIV. OF TEXAS PEWR¢ID _ I_#'%/_" _,:}_."9_

AND ACCESS RORVIG

MS.1 SPACE STATION H(]4ENTUM MANAGE- FEAGIN & UNIV. OF TEXAS BORDAJK) _ 611/87 1/3_/8_MENT ANO ATTITUOE CONTROL HIE

PO.1 RICIS PROJECT OFFICE HOUSTON UH'CLEAR LAKE MacDONALD FA 611186 5/31/_,B

SE.1 ADA PROGRAMMING SUPPORT LEKKOS & UN-CLEAR LAKE LOVEALL FR121 611186 1/_5/8/B

ENVIRONMENT OATA BASE LIAW

SE.2 OMS TEST BED USER'S MCKAY & _FTECH, INC. RAINES EH421 611186 10/_1/_MANUAL DEVELOPMENT AUTY

SE.3 k,DA-BASED S-O-A EXPERT MCIOkY & INFERENCE, INC. SAVELY FMT2 9/_/86 6130/87

SYSTEM BUILDER WILLIAMS

SE.4 APSE BETA TEST SITE NcKAY & SOFTECH, INC. C_)RMAN FR63 611/87 10130187TEAJ_ SUPPORT LEGRANO

SE.5 BENCHNARKING OF ADA ON NcKAY & SOFTECN, INC. HUMPHREY EH431 7/1/86 5/31/87

EMBEDOED COI_PUTER SYS. AUTY

SE.6 DEVELOPMENT OF A PROOF- McKAY & UN CLEAR LAKE GORNAN FR6] 611186 12/31187

OF-CONCEPT PROTOTYPE RANDALL & GNG INC.

SE.7 JOINT NASA/JSC UN-CL MClCAY UH-CLEAJI LAKE GORM_ FR&_ 611186 9130187

SERC

SE.8 WORK STATION EVALUATION PERKINS & UN-CLF.AR _ SCHIdANTZ EA121 6/1/86 10/31/87

¢_IAVES i 141RIOS

SE.9 TESTING AND VERIFICATION OF NcKAY & SOFTECN, INC. HUMPHREY EN431 6/1/87 1/3_/_8

ADA FLIGHT SOFTblARE FOR EM- AUTY

BEDDED COMPUTERS

SE.10

SE.11

ATOP : SERC - A STUDY OF

CONVERTING PCTE SYSTEM

SPECIFICATION TO _A

SYMBOLIC INFORMATION IN ADA

TESTING ANO INTEGRATION

SE.12 ATOP : SERC-SECURITY FOR SPACE

SYSTEMS

SE.1] ATOP : AUTCI4ATIC SOFTWARE

VERIFICATION TOOLS

SE.16

SE.15

IRDS PROTOTYPING U/ APPLICAT'N

TO REPttES_NTATION OF EA/RA

NOOELS

FAULT TOLERANT ADA SOFTM/UtE

SE.16 IMPLEMENT THE DISTRIBUTEDADA I_EL

SE.17

SE. 18

ADA ANALYSIS FOR NASA SPACE

STAT[Oil PROCdUU4 OFFICE

ESTA8LISHNENT OF ADA TECHNOLOGY

TRANSFER NETWORK: AdmNET

NcKAY, SOFTECH, INC. GORIMN FR63 6/1/87 7/]1/87AUTY & & ROCKMELL

ROGERS

McKAY & SOFTECN, IK. GORJ4AM f163 6/I/87 2/15/P._

AUTY

NCICAY & SOFTECN, INC. GOiU4AJI FR4$ 6/1/87 911/,187LeCAAND

NcKAY , SOFTECH, INC. _ FR43 611/87 1/1/88COHEN &

/dRY

LEia(O_ UH-CLEAR LAKE GQItflAN FR63 611187 8111187

DOMNlOAVARII UH-CLEAR LAKE GORIM_ FR&3 611187 12131/87

ROGERS/MCKAY

M¢XAY, iOU4RAD HONEYMELL & GOR_ FR63 6/1/87 5/]1/8,8

& RANOALL GNG CORP_I_T|OM

MCKAY & SQFTECH, INC. HALL HQTS 611187 5/31/8_

N¢ilAIDE

14OKAY, BUTCHER MountofrINEt lIVENS HQTS 10/1/87 5131/88

& OIGMAN

ORIGINAL PAGE IS

OF POOR QUALITY

UH-CLEAR LAKE / NASA-JSC

COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT NCC 9-16I II !

THREE YEAR AGREEMENT BEGINNING JUNE I, 1986

-_ EACH 12 MONTH SEGMENT FUNDED SEPARATEEY

-_ $5.1M ALLOCATED FOR FIRST TWO YEARS

m EXPENDED $1.8M IN YEAR ONE

m LEAVES $3.3M FOR RESEARCH IN YEAR TWO

RICIS JSC SPONSORSIUNB _L,1.088 - 8B]PT]DfBBR80, 5.88Y

SPACE STATION6.8%

ENGINEERING11.4Y.

DIR./PERSONNEL4.4%

NEW RES. ACT.8.4%

CENTER OPS

MISSION

67.8%SUPPORT

RICIS JSC SPONSORSII I

IfHJlOlr BUPPORTDIRl_TORI551_lolud, e8 fuade fz,om the ![817 msd tho iiz ]J'ozoo)

DATA PROCESSING21.7_

SPACECRAFT S/W47.,5%

MISSIONPLANNING31.0_;

RICIS JSC SPONSORSBIrGIN|BRING DIRB_TORITI

DIRECTOR8.6_

FLIGHT PROJECTS25.9_

CKING & COMM35.4_

AVIONICSYSTEMS30.1_

RICIS RESEARCH

AI 8( EXPERT SYS14.B_

ED & TRAINING7.0%

INFO MGMT26.5%

MATH k STAT2.3%

COMPUTER ENG.49.3_

RICIS RESEARCHERSIUNB _ :t888 - 8wp_UR 80, _L88Y

CONSULTANTS

4.0_

INDUSTRY57.7%

UH-CLEAR LAKE45.,.','3_

OTHER U NIV.13.o%

04,,_,742

RICIS RESEARCHERS0'I'111 '12]IN|]Err]lll

YALE RICE7.6% 8.8%

UT-AUSTIN21.6%

U. MICHIGAN16.5%

TEXAS A&M41.4_

RICIS RESEARCHERSIlnuj_!

MOUNTAINNET

12.5_

BARRIOS2.6_

HONEYWELL8.5%

GHG6.5_

SOFTECH40.0%

CSAT

14.o%

INFERENCE LINCOM

10.2% 5.7%

f-111Z

..J0±

"3

|

.t_i '= _--_==

I

Zi

n-O

±

_J

_m

_P

_caB

N91-18618

RICIS RESEARCH

Computer Systems and Software EngineeringCharles W. McKay, Director, High Technology Laboratory and Software Engineering

Research Center, Professor of Computer Science, UH-Clear Lake

Artificial Intelligence and Expert SystemsTerry Feagin, Professor of Computer Science, UH-Clear Lake

Int'ormation SystemsPeter C. Bishop, Director, Space Business Information Center,

Associate Professor of Human Sciences, UH-Clear Lake

Mathematical and Statistical AnalysisCecil R. Hallum, Associate Professor of Mathematics, UH-Clear Lake

Education and TrainingGlenn B. Freedman, Director, Center for Cognition and Instruction,

Associate Professor of Reading and Language Arts, UH-Clcar Lake

An Overview of the Computer Systems and Software

Engineering Component of RICIS

Charles W. McKay

The principal focus of this RICIS component is computer systems and software engineering

in-the-large of the lifecycle of large, complex, distributed systems which:

evolve incrementally over a long life,

contain non-stop components, and

must simultaneously satisfy a prioritized balance of mission and

safety critical requirements for behavior at run time

This focus is believed to be extremely important at this time because of the contribution of

the "scaling direction problem" to the current software crisis. That is, paradigms/models, tech-

niques/methodologies and tools which often worked for yesterday's comparatively smaller, simpler,

centralized systems have been shown to be an inadequate baseline to scale-up to meet the challenges

of distributed systems. By contrast, models, methodologies, tools, and environments which are

based on a sounder theoretical foundation to address these larger and more complex systems are

capable of scaling-down to meet the needs of less demanding, centralized applications.

As shown in Figure I, the Computer Systems and Software Engineering (CSSE) component

addresses the lifecycle issues of three environments-host, integration and target. Solutions are pro-

posed, specified, designed, developed, verified and sustained in the host environment. The solutions

are deployed, monitored, interactively queried and operated int he target environment. Increasingly,

components of both the host environment and the target environment are geographically as well as

locally distributed. The solutions from the host environment are moved into the target environment

under the control of the integration environment. The integration environment is responsible for

monitoring and sustaining the current baseline of software, hardware and operational components in

the target environment. The integration environment is also responsible for the test plans and for

controlling the integration and evolution of advancing the target environment to the next baseline.

Emergency interactions are also controlled through the integration environment.

As Shown in Figure 2, an integrated lifecycle support environment is becoming the common

interface to four principal engineering activities: computer systems engineering, software engineer-

ing, hardware engineering, and the management of operations and logistics.

Currently there are more than 18 funded research activities in this technical area. Addition-

ally, there is a larger number of CSSE coordinated research projects which are funded by companies

working with the university. Several of these activities are deliberately structured interfaces to the

other four components of RICIS.

The goals for CSSE research during the next three years may be summarized as:

I. To develop a position of international leadership in the engineering

of mission and safety critical components for the target and integration

environments of large, complex non-stop, distributed systems.

. To sustain a position of international leadership in the research issues

of the host environment for the above applications.

3, To augment the Computer Systems and Software Engineering research

base and provide support as needed to the other four technical areas

addressed in RICIS.

f

TWO SCENARIOS FOR

SSP EnUlRonmEnT

In;_ooo+ R.13.

X X

® x x

_1 x .. x _ o o " Ix x 0 0

HOSTEnUIROnmEnTS:

• OEUELOP

• 5USTRIn

InTEGRRTIOnEnUIROnmEnT:

• CONTROL 131=TEiT. EnUIR.

BRSELInE

• InTEC;RRTIOnU_U FOR nEXTBRSELInE RnO

TESTInTEGRRTI13n

PLRnS

TRRGETEnUIROnmEnTS:

• OEPLOV

• OPERRTE

O3

:3 CD

om

O _ C_C.3 o3

LL.I

QW

c_ k..

"C3 r"eg

c_ C_-I"-

LL.I

m

I.L,I

C_

Qm

oOm

OCO i_,

LIJ

U'J

Omm

_m

_ t--- u)Im

£3. O

N91-18619

An Overview of the Artificial Intelligence and

Expert Systems Component of RICIS

Dr. Terry Feagin

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the study of how to simulate the intelligent behavior and prob-

lem-solving skills of humans using computational models. Expert Systems (ES) axe AI application

programs for accomplishing a task which requires expertise from within a particular domain, i.e.

deciding where is the best place to drill for oil, determining how to configure a large computer

system or finding the cause of a power outage. The areas of research in AI include knowledge repre-

sentation, search, planning, learning and knowledge acquisition, computer vision, natural language

understanding and speech, automatic inference and theorem proving, reasoning with uncertainty,

logic programming, expert system and robotics. In solving these problems, the AI research scientist

employs a number of specialized models, approaches and representations such as predicate calculus,

semantic nets, scripts and frames, augmented transition networks, heuristic search, decision theory,

constraint propagation, fuzzy logic, Bayesian inference networks, measures of belief/disbelief,

defauh reasoning and production systems with forward and/or backward chaining.

For space applications, a number of problem areas that should be able to make good use of

the above tools include resource allocation and management, control and monitoring, environmental

control and life support, power distribution, communications scheduling, orbit and attitude mainte-

nance, redundancy management, intelligent man-machine interfaces and fault detection, isolation

and recovery. Research activities in this technical are researching solutions to these problems using

the techniques of artificial intelligence and expert systems.

N91-18620

An Overview of the Information Management

Component of RICIS

Peter C. Bishop

Information management is the RICIS research area devoted to the final customer of comput-

ing and information systems--the end-user. They are the people at the end of the long chain of

infonuation systems who don't care how their information is collected, manipulated or stored as long

as the right information is in their hands at the right time.

Information productivity is the overall objective of the information management research

area. In other words, people who use information systems should realize more value by using the

system than by not using it. NASA in general and the Johnson Space Center in particular have a

tremendous need to understand what makes an information system productive and to develop pro-

ductivc systems for its employees, contractors and customers. JSC, for instance, has the responsibil-

ity to manage the U.S. space operations--a task which re,quires art incredible amount of information.

As a rcsuh, JSC should be a national leader in using information in a productive manner. The

information management section of RICIS is set up to engage in those research projects which

promote that end.

The approach of the research tasks within the information management section varies de-

pcnding on the nature of the problem. Four types of tasks were initiated during the f'trst year:

Surveys -- a description of the existing state of some area of computing

and information systems.

A° Environmental Scanning for Information Processing

(Dr. Peter Bishop, OH-Clear Lake)

A survey of existing products for IBM mainframes in

three applications areas--database management, full-text retrieval and

optical character recognition

B° Clear Lake Area Computer Capability Census

(Dr. Robert Hodgin, UH-Clear Lake)

A survey of JSC and contractor computer capability in the Clear Lake area.

Forecasts - a description of the alternative future states of some area

A. Space Station Advanced Virtual Electronic Documentation

('Dr. Chris Dede, UH-Clear Lake)

An analysis of information technology which could be available for use

in the documentation of space station software when it is developed

Plans -- an approach to accomplishing some objective in the future

A. Long-Range Plan for Commercializing Space Station

(LJ. Evans, CSAT)

An analysis of the drivers and obstacles to commercial use of the space station

along with strategies for overcoming the obstacles in order to maximize such use

B. Methodologies for Integrated Information Management Systems

(Dr. Richard Mayer, Texas A&M

A theorerlcal model for designing requirements for information systems

Demonstrations -- working prototypes and field trials to study the feasibility and

the benefits of a particular information system

A. Space Shuttle Payload Information System

(Dr. Peter Bishop, UH-Clear Lake)

A study of the information available concerning the Space Shuttle

B. Space Market Model Development Project

(Dr. Peter, Bishop, UH-Clear Lake)

A study of the information available for space commercialization in general,

including a design for providing the business community information which it

does currently posses

C. Research in Image Management and Access

(Dr. Mark Rorvig, UT-Austin)

A study to increase the searchability of the keywords associated with the

photographic and video archives at JSC

D. Management Information and Decision Support Environment

(Dr.PeterBishop, UH-Clear Lake)

The prototype design for a computer interface whereby JSC managers can getinformation from JSC databases

An Overview of the N 9 1 " 1 8 6 2 1Mathematical and Statistical Analysis

Component of RICIS

Cecil R. Hallum

An aspect of computing that especially warrants input from the mathematical and statistical

community is that which pertains to assessing the quality of a piece of software, or the trustworthi-

ness of computer hardware and computer networks. Although much of the work in this area is

probabilistic in nature, most of the work to-date has been done by engineers and published in the

cnginccring literature. Numerous problems remain, however, whereby mathematicians and statisti-

cians should get involved in order to provide supporting research, particularly in regard to design of

hardware, the configuration of networks and policies for the development of reliable software.

Due to advances in microelectronics, problems regarding reliability are gradually shifting

from hardware to software. Moreover, due to the overall expense of software (60 to 80 percent)

relative to the whole system, and due to the fact that numerous failures are software connected, more

emphasis is now being given to concerns for ensuring the reliable operation of the software system.

Once again the mathematical and statistical community is a source for considerable insight into this

problem area since they are well-qualified to address:

l.

2.

3.

4.

Quantification and measurement of software reliability.

Assessment of changes in software reliability over time (reliability growth).

Analysis of software-failure data.

Decision logic for whether to continue or stop testing software.

A fault-tolerant computer is one whose key features are the automatic detection, diagnosis

and correction of errors (faults). A review of the existing literature shows that a satisfactory solution

addressing this problem is not yet available. In particular, the research gap is evidenced by the fact

that existing material is mostly qualitative; there appears to be potential for valuable contributions inthis technical area.

In addition to the areas mentioned above, other areas that research in this technical area can

be of particular aid in regard to problems of interest to NASAJJSC include the following:

l°

2.

3.

4.

°

6.

7.

Math modeling of physical systems.

Simulation.

Statistical data reduction.

Evaluation methods including robusmess (stability), sensitivity analysis,

perturbation theory, error analysis and development of test criteria.

Optimization.

Algorithm development.

Mathematical methods in signal processing.

N91-18622An Overview of the

Education and Training Component of RICIS

Glenn B Freedman

Research in education and training focuses on means to disseminate knowledge, skills and

technological advances rapidly, accurately and effectively. A range of areas for study have been

idcntified including artificial intelligence applications, hypermedia and full-text retrieval strategies,

use of mass storage and retrieval options such as CD-ROM and laser disks, and interactive video and

interactive media presentations.

The Education and Training area also provides necessary support activities for dissemination

of rcscarch information from the other research areas. Further, this area serves as a link among the

Univcrsity, corporations, and government for information on training, curriculum development and

education services.

Among the first-year accomplishments of education and training and practitioners research-

ers were the following:

l°

.

.

.

.

.

.

8.

market survey in software engineering and Ada training

establishment of the Software Engineering Professional Education Center

establishment of UH Clear Lake Software Engineering and Ada Training Forum

delivery of a hypertext training system for Ada

delivery of a software engineering training film for upper-level managers

creation of the course "Introduction to Software Engineering for Managers"

development of the course "Software Engineering and the Transition to Ada"

application for affiliation with the Software Engineering Institute

N91-18623

INVITED TALK

A NASA Initiative:

Software Engineeringfor Reliable Complex Systems

Lee B. Holcomb, Director Human Sciences

and Human Factors, OAST, NASA Headquarters

Invited Talk

A NASA Iniative:

Software Engineering for Reliable Complex Systems

Lee B. Holcomb

The objective of this initiative is the development of methods, technology and skills that will

enable NASA to cost-effectively specify, build and manage reliable software which can evolve and

be maintained over an extended period. The need for such software is rooted in the increasing

imcgration of software and computing components into NASA systems.

As a result, the size, capability and complexity of NASA systems are increasing rapidly.

This growing complexity causes a number of significant software issues. The prevention of software

failure becomes critical.

Improvements in software productivity must catch up with and keep pace with software

complexity. Functional descoping that has been caused by software complexity must be eliminated.

And, the enormous maintenance costs generated by complex software must be reduced.

Current NASA Software Engineering expertise has been applied toward some of the largest

reliable systems including shuttle launch and ground support, shuttle simulation and minor control

and satellite tracking and scientific data systems. Research in NASA focuses on Software Engineer-

ing in Management and Environments, Fault Tolerant Software/Reliability Models and Performance

Measurement. Several other governmental agencies, DoD, SPC, SEI, DARPA, NSF, AF/RADC and

MCC are conducting related research but none specifically focusses on reliable software or manage-

ment of complexity. In fact, no theory exists for reliable complex software systems.

NASA is seeking to fill this theoretical gap through a number of approaches. One such

approach is to conduct research on theoretical foundations for managing complex software systems

The focus of this research includes communications models, new and modified paradigms and life-

cycle models. Another approach is research into theoretical foundations for reliable software devel-

opment and validation. Research here focuses upon formal specifications, programming languages,

software engineering systems, software reuse, formal verification and software safety. Further

approaches to address the need for reliable complex software involves benchmarking a NASA

software environment, experimentation within the NASA context, evolution of present NASA

methodology, and transfer of technology to the space station software support environment.

).-..4

Z

Z

q) 4)

<_

Z

<_Qm.

0

elm

=

=

em

0

ml

c:,)

Z..,

=

<_Z

f_

.<0

0

_S

1.1.1

<

<

1.1.1!.1.1

LI.Ii.1.1

<

0

133

CO

llZI.U133

0I.I.

azILl

LU

m

F-0LU

rn0

LU_J

Z0I

F-

rr

uJ00I--0:::!!1I'1Xi11

ZIT'iiiIii:2

ZLuuJrr

0

Z

I0G_

w(I)W

aw

_.J

wG_

I0

0GZCL

G_WU_

Z

GZ

CO0_J

0ZI0wh-

m

n-WUJZm

(_ZUJ

rr¢C

_L0O9

m

m

F-roZI

<{(/)<{Z<{

(n

111

>=

X

00

m

==IW_C

_C0U=

LU.Jm

ZLU

RO9

._Jm

vO0

aZ

>:

80Z

oUJh-

oGr_0-rh-uJ

a.0..JUJ>UJr_

R

UJ(.0

Z.<

aZ

t,h

r_._Jm

m

UJa.O0

>-..JLU>m

h-oUJELELUJ

!

F-oo00

0b-

OO

Z

r_Z

uJ_JQ]

._J0>UJ

O9m

-ro-r

LUrr

0O0

XUJ

Q_

00

UJ._Jnn

m

..JLUrr

m

h-

EL0r_0I

rruJQ_

auJaZUJI-XuJ

Z

rrLU>0LU_Jm,<Z

Zm

0O_O_

000O_

0

0

O_

..Is_

0 0 0

0

(I) 0

:3 "-'om

tO'OOt--.-.0O0

r--o:(D

0 I,,4

OD i-4 M41 41 I

o o1"4

Some "Perspectives" of Software Development

Specifl_ Appl_a#on Domain

Req. NewApp. Sw.

COTS/ Modified COTS

App. Software

Required New

System Software

COTS/mod.COTS

SystemSoftware

iii i

Hardware

..._'.'_ "i' i".- i" _'-" , i'.i .i ii" i.'.'., i '. i-'i'-i, .i "i..-i.'- i" " ---.i .i - . "I."'I.'.'I.".'I,'-_'I.'L'I•"'I-':-I."I.".I.-.'I."_';.'-.

CSSE View of Requirements

Hard Work


COTS

SystemSoftware

___ Hardware --__

/iV

COTS Panacea View of Requirements Work/Play

(D

OO..O

a..

Cl) "O

,.. I::CDe's

=: Eom

o EC

eu

:_ CDO" r.--

O

CD=line

om

°'='='

c-

oL--

e'-CD (D

EOR

m

CD ""e_ O_I L..o_

e--._:: a)

O

oi

O

cg=O

"10

O co

o,m=,

o,==,-m

o O..

e- t_lo

on

e=" cD

Op: ,-:

m

CD t_lI

EEiI

e=" e.-o==_

,=#_#x

(D

_e-O O

eu

=#,==eom

1::: oOO.

O _I

"I_ e._e-' O "*-"

o_

- E._

e-' e-" ----

"-" 1_ ID_ 0 _

"0 o_

0 "_

Z0I---,¢:

c_Sm

mm

Ct_m

A

LU

Ct_C_

DN

Ibm.

CDQ_

el

nnn

Q_lhn

-OralQit, m

0Ct_

"0cmtics

Ea_

iO.mm

Lm

Q_njmm

E0

C_

A

Q_

_BCD

Ibm

a3Q_C_a_

D_jeD

QI

CDQ_

om

W

Q_Ibm

c_S

O

v

tr-ILlCt_

A

C_LW

W

g_ommm

_Bom

c_L.n

C,_ 0ibm

Ibm .gram

a_ c_Q_ c_

a_nnn

a_ct_c_

q,mmmLm

CD

r--u

LU

O0I--Z >._u.I oo

Zl_. z

0 0 _:UJUJ

LLW Z

ILl U.I

Z m '7 _'

:z:m <_ _ __ >

o

TWO SEEnRRIOS FOR

SSP EnUlROnmEnT

In ;_ooo+ R.D.

x X X X _ 0 0 0

o o o

HOSTEnUIROnmEnT5:

• OEUELOP

• 5USTRIn

InTEI;RRTIOnEnUIROnmEnT:

• CONTROL OFTGT. EnUIR.

BR.SELIFIE

• InTEGRRTIORU6"UFOR nEXTBRSELIRE RRO

TEST 6'InTEI3RRTIOn

PLRRS

TRRI3ETEnUlROnmEnT5:

• DEPLOY

• OPERRTE

0--I0r_0

I--LIJ

<C

.<Z

p.ZI11(/)111rr{1.i11

J0>UJ

WC9aLU._J

0Z,,,,,

Z

ILl09ii

l--rru2

XuJ

ml--.

n_l-W

:31'I--U.I

,,_,<C)m

ZUJ

Z0n"I

ZLLI"700p-

CC0LUn"

aIJJ00CCQ.

0

ZI

n-OIJ_COZ

crI--

m

c_

0

_m

Dm

ibm

0

0

C.)

I----

LI.I

0O0

c_

m

I

OZ>->-Z_o

z _

< °°° " 0

wo __zo_

I:1: o. m

<z 0W

coo WW

g oo z,,,,,,,,g g

KEYNOTE ADDRESS

The Real Technologies in SpaceStation Information

Systems

John R. (Jack) Garman, Director of Information

Systems Services, Space Station Program Office,

NASA Headquarters

Some "Perspectives" of Software Requirements

Static View

Dynamic View

Static "Gains"+

Software Development Team

Funcional and Nonfunctional Requirements

Behavioral Assertions

Software Quality Mgmt. Team



Hardware Target Team

Normal and Exceptional CFg

Ojw/amic Irmw of So_/_ I/oquir_n_T/s

Keynote Address

The Lead Technologies in SpaceStation

Information Systems

John R. Garman

c'-G)z::

x.:,


Conveners: Glenn B. Freedman, UH-Clear Lake

Amy B. Kennedy, Employee Development,NASA/JSC

Review of the Education and Training Activities

Glenn B. Freedman, UH-Clear Lake

Sue LcGrand, SofTech,Inc.

Software Engineering and the Transition to Ada

John McBride, Sofl'ech, Inc.

Computer Based Ada Training Using Hypertext Systems

Sue LeGrand and Gilbert Marlowe, Sofl'ech, Inc.

Mr. David Auty __! "Teeing and Verification of Ada Flight software for Embedded

computers." This lmUtentafion focused on the issues of storage management in Ada. Mr. Autydescribed certain aspects of the language which, if misused, could lead to errors which are difficult

to detect. Examples include global variables, exception propaption, dynamic task interactions,

generic subpmgran_ patan_ters, and dynamic storage allocations. He distinguished among good

software engineering approaches to ufifizing these features, compiler dependencies which affect

these features and the critical role of the run time support environment int he robust and correct

management of storage. He then described some of the reco_tions and guidelines that have

resulted from this study.

The final presentation of this session was made by Dr. Morris Liaw. Dr. Liaw and his col-

league, Dr. Anthony Lekkos, recently delivered an operational Software Engineering and Ada

Database. He described the objectives and the history of the project as well as the architecture and

the features of this unique resource. He further described the methodology used in design and

development and concluded with the description of the planned enhancements for the future. A

second release will be available in January 1988. The resource is being used by JSC, UH-Clear

Lake and JSC's aerospace contractors.

Summary of tile

Education and Training Technical Session

Dr. Glenn B. Freedman

in the first presentation, Dr. Freedman reviewed two RICIS activities. He first presented the

results of a contractor survey completed in Fall, 1986, in which 21 NASA contractors were inter-

viewed to assess the extent to which they had undertaken software engineering and Ada training

programs locally, what their perceptions were about these areas and what their plans were for train-

i_lg and educational activities for the next twelve months. The results indicated that at the time of

the survey and interviews, the contractor community had very little software engineering training

plam_cd, but wcre beginning Ada syntax training, even though there was little Ada work in progress.

"l'hc iatcrvicwces indicated that the commitment of NASA mid-level managers toward Ada was not

fi_m and that this perception affected training plans. As one personnel person commented, there was

"Ada talk from on high, but no Ada action."

OIhcr findings were that the contractors had hardware, compilers and various tools available,

they the general consensus at the time was that the tools and methods for Ada were immature.

"l'raitling was typically defined in terms of language syntax and semantics, with little regard fo,r the

Ada culture that supports software engineering principles and goals. Interestingly, the companies

perceived that there were sufficient numbers of programmers available, but few software engineers

and design experts. Nonetheless, little in the way of design and software engineering training was

pl:mncd. One of the most consistent findings was that no "transition to Ada" plans were mentioned,

cvcn though each company recognized that Ada would become a language they would be using andthat the transition would be resource intensive to some extent.

Frccdman also reported on the development of a number of training options for the aerospace

community. On of the options was a videotape featuring modules about various aspects of software

cngineering. The tape, geared to upper level management, contains four modules: The Cost of

Software, Software in the Space Station Era, Engineering Software and Building a Software Engi-

neering Environment. A second development effort resulted in a one-half of three day presentation

covering software engineering and the highlights of the Ada programming language. Other efforts

led to an Ada glossary, a PC-based data base of software engineering and Ada training options, text

resources, conferences and other educational and training information.

Among the deliverables to NASA there has also been a model for a comprehensive software

engineering curriculum that features six planning dimensions and alternative training methods.

Also, Freedman discussed the programs of the Clear lake Software Engineering and Ada Training

Forum, a monthly meeting of training experts from universities and industry, and the Software

Fngineering Professional Education Center, a complementary center to the Software Engineerirrg

Research Center that enables the university to offer a full range of services and research to the

software engineering community.

Summary of the Computer Systems andSoftware Engineering

Technical Session

Charles W. McKay

Because it was impossible to provide a meaningful presentation on more than 18 NASA

funded activities as well as an even greater number of company funded activities that are coordi-

nated by this component of RICIS, five related activities were selected for presentation. Mr. Pat

Rogers introduced the five activities and then presented: "Lifecyclc Support for Computer Systems

and Software Safety in the Target and Integration Environments of the Space Station Program:Approaches to Fault Tolerant Software Systems."

Safety was defined as "the probability that a system, including all hardware and software and

human-machine subsystems will provide appropriate protection against the effects of faults, which,

if not prevented or handled properly, could result in endangering lives, health, property and environ-

ments." The past and present approaches to mission and safety critical components have been

addressed through a static perspective of fault avoidance (i.e., considerations in the host environment

only). That is, the development team was encouraged to design as well as possible to keep defects

out of the system. The quality management team was encouraged to test as well as possible to

identify defects that made it through the work of the development team so that the defects could then

be removed before deployment. Post-deployment support depended almost entirely upon hardware

techniques (e.g., redundant processor, built-in-tests, error coding) to sustain mission and safetycritical components at nm time.

Mr. Rogers advocated the CSSE team's position that a dynamic perspective of software

assessment and control of run time behavior in the target and integration environments is needed to

complement the static perspective which has previously been emphasized. Specifically, as shown in

Figu_ 1, additional software processes should be deployed in the target environment to accompany

all mission and safety critical components. For applications programs, these additional processes

help to monitor the behavior of each of the critical components. These processes are needed to

insure the fastest possible identification of faults that have entered any potion of the system state

vector, to firewall their propagation, to analyze which of the predetermined recovery mechanisms

are most appmpriat_ and to effect recovery. At the systems software level, such processes apply to

all shareable services and resomces which mission and safety critical components of applicationsoftware depend upon.

Mr Rogers then described the CSSE team's proposal for a Portable Common Execution

Envkonment (PCEE). The two principal components of this proposal are an extended run time

support enviromnent libraryand a Mission and Safety Critical (MASC) kerneL Underneath the

MASC kcnw.l me 12 distinct but highly interactive models believed essential to maximize the sup-

port for mission and safety critical requirements. Figure 2 depicts the extended run ring library

model and Figure 3 depicts the list of 12 models underneath the system interface set of the MASCkernel.

Z

ZZ

Z

w-i

I

COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Conveners: Charles W. McKay, UH-Clear Lake

Stephen A. Gorman, Head, Application Systems,Spacecraft Software Division, NASA/JSC


Pat Rogers, UH-Clear Lake



Proof-of-Concept Prototype of the Clear Lake Model for Ada

Run Time Support Environment

Charles Randall, GHG _tion

Testing and Verification of Ada Flight Software for EmbeddedComputers

David Auty, Sofrech, Inc.


Morris Liaw, UH-421eax Lake

Z0:Ela,ia

a0o.

-" u-rn i a a

• . D0 4 mZ 0

00O

I

O_

ORIGINAL PAGE IS

OF POOR QUALITY

u_ V --

OQ

_b--

0IZ

o

0

m E

! C0

0 u

o_.

_on 0o X"

3 _

o

0"i

_<.

_Q

0

CD

"130mm

c--0

em

C._ 0e_

0 "_lu

C.) cO

0 0

oo t--"

E

0

.+--_

°_

0c_

O- or_ c-

t'_ (Dct;

cz_ --Ic- --_ 0.o o_ ¢'- N

_ o _e-.. -o

¢_ e.- L_

e--. ..'_

e-.- (1)

E O.

m

0

e'-0

I

0

I

e--

c-

o

o

Emu

e.-

m

mm

¢.-e_

c_

tm

-r-

0

¢-.

0_m

0

E

_, c'-co 0

tJ_

r-- c-

¢- ......L__

E0

0 O_

c- -l_

a_

(i_ ----

_-" e-

a_

t-"

O0

m

t-Oo_0

0

E

0

O0

m

O0t-O

el

0

O0t--CO

-0

(l)t--

(l)

oi

om

0

E

r-

E

e-

E

em

_m

t- 0

0 _-"

oo 0

cO 0 00 ---" L_

¢-t" 00

cO X "--

O_ t.) .__om

°_

_- E o-- CO c'_0 _-.,_.. _ X

I o(1)

c" __cO (D

o._m

em

co _ o

E CO _-" "--"m

•_ CO

ol

-_

.prop

c_

c_S

Im

_. imO

z

i J................° _C_

Q_Ld

c_J

_Lm

c_--r

,ml

Im

X

i=-

Q_

E

O

W

,4ram

0

=T=

m

_m

E

OIi.

el

LLI

c_

C_

C_

3mo

3c-m

nl

m

el)

m

CD

C--

me

mo

,,-=ll-

ml

¢D

qm_le

0

(I:)

mo

0

3

._==_

D>

_oml

m

0

_o_D-

_D

--Ior)m

o_(D

_D

0

('DO_

O_e-

o_

o_

CO

COc-

o,=_

,=_

CD

0

0

O_

v

CO

I

i---O0

I_,..Im

m

Z

L_

0Q.

0

mm

0

,,_.1I--

L

(.-lu

,_.1

im

O-

N

0

0

C--"

X(1)

u

G.)u

__.iI---

X

0i..i_m

0

ILl!--

e

c_

Im

t_¢.-

0Q_

O. _Q°:'-

x E"_ 0

,"," ECD

m

0 _,_

m mm

I.L.IILl

i u--41- ._

Z:I_O 0 ,-._.

..,_ o__ :zlco0 "<(D 3_

m____:::I 0'}(.C_

I:}_f-n I:::0 (D

A

C'J0

3io

n

(D

I0

{D-

(DC)

(')0

O_(D

v

(I)

3

i

(D

(Df.n

0

i

ne

"ID

0

(I:)f_

0

I{D-

I:D

(D

CI.

(D

(D

C

O_

(I)

(D.<(Dm

0

3(I)

II

V

,,<

=Imo

C')

mo

0

mo

ng

(I)

q,m

0(.-.

CI.(DO_

Cl.(Di

,,,.<f.wrj

w

"-rl

mo

(D

"0

(D

(-,;

(.-.

(D

m

,.<

il

V

(.-.

me

"{D

00

0

I

O_

_u

0

u

0

0

(I)

0

-TI

(I)

O_

0

im

0

c-

ml

(1)

m

o

u •

0

Oc-

CDc-

.e..#

C"mm

(I)

CD

"tD-CDc_

>.,m

<D

tD"(3)

ctS

Ii

->.ci)

c_

c-O

mu

im

OOom

tD-

ctS

c--(I)

ECI.O

m

(3)

(3)

Oc-"

O

c-

.9.-#

c-(3)

E

OL--

Dm

:>e--(3)

>,,

(D(3)

E_O

iI

,.e.--

O c-

(3)¢o c_

-C3 c-(3) Oco el.C.O

c---O CDctS "_D

-- CD

.____ _

X _

mm J

_m

0 c-

-*--., 0 e-_ om

0 _ _

mm

om

a_

e- 1_. c-

c_(--

(:D o

"ac.- i_

E

•.- c-0 "_

mm •

0 e-

e.-0

Qm

ct_tD_ct_el.O

el.

em

CDc-

C_

CD

Bm

LL.

CD

(3)

em

<Dc-

(3)N

m

ctSc--

m

(D

ct_r,o

<D>O

(I)ce"

0

BQ

0

Im

O0

ml

e-

30

m

C_

30

CDm

0

c!3

_Dm

ml

§-

O0

3

.--IO0

v

me

mo

0

O0

CD

ml

mo

m

O0

v

C!3m

Z0

q-

q-D

Im

oa

O0

u

C'D

CD

0t.--

O0

il

CI3O0

1-17X

CO

_D

c--

CD

l--le

O0m

i-17i-17

o

c-.CD

CD

O

(3.)

q,m

m

C'--

m

Ov

E EG.)

OO

-r-m m

i, I.I_

ECD

O

_YJC-am

O

O

O

em

c-.CD

(I)

mm

m

i,

O

mm

CD

C--"mm

(I)m

Dm

CD

wm

NIm

c-.

O

(3)

m

I.I_.

O

Oim

om

m

Q_

(1)

O

E

em

E

CDm

O

O

G.)

m

m

IE

Q_

(D

O c-

_-" ZX(D O

O r- _x_E -- -I_

"--

U_l _ c-O

U_I _ ---

I__ O _-

(_ _ (2)

I-- _ .--

c-CD

im

Ic_

c_r'_

E11

m

ct_(D

e- O "t_

O am

QN

LH _ f_0mm

,,i,,,,,#

c--CD

E

ctSe--ctS

E

c-O

im

,4,,,,a

ct_

em

c-O

O

c--

OQ_

c_tOOIi

A

J

CD

oR

CD

(2)

om

ctl _¢I)

CD O

I a_

ct_E c- oOf._ c-

O c----- O

c- ct_

.m

O m _Em

_-- £3_ ¢-_,,i,,,,,#

c- ¢_ c-_O _ ct_

_ c- c-O _ ¢t_

"" E Ee-.--. i_ i_0 _ _

c_00

u_

E

E0¢o

0 _

(I) c-o c_cts __I

el)

c-

EE

¢_0 Oa_ ¢.3

iiiv

c-O

om

ct_,,I,,-#

c-(D

_D

(I)

c_c_

ctl

m

_D

Oc_

_m

_P

c_

m

m

c-lm

m

(DC:

ol

(D

c_

cole--

>.,lu

m

mm

c_c_O

C_.

c-

(D

OO

(D

sB

O

om

_c:

O

o,,-- _')

em

.(DtD_ .--.

:_ CDE m"

>, o __ £DO9

"-_ O (Dc--

,_- q:D CD

c- ::_"-- CD O c-c- _C:: O O

E E e..-_ o---

E

e-- o

e-- (3.)

ct_ OL__

c_ I:D_ -,-"c_

_ L--

_ O

e- I_.

m

O

1:21..

m

e--c_e-.

O

c'-

sm

e--

c_

o

c.-

m

c_

m

/x

II

v

OL_

e.-

o

Q.0

t--c_

•--- ¢o

em

0"--" c"

c_:l e'_ I:DL_

C_

e-,- ¢,_ r-.

_a

t-

O

e.-mm

12)

m

/X

IIII

m

e-

oe.-

c-O

L__

r.-

O

O

Im

m

-OO

O

ti-

0

CO

(--(Df_(_

CL

O

(].)

(1)>

O>

.,<

>

(.-.(D

F:(--

C)mm

am

--,-

(--

el

f_ f_

"-r- :z_

O °_

(I,)

Z

om

m

rr"

(Dem

m

(--

C.)

Q,)

m

(I,)

Ec-O

Bm

>

(D

F--

-'a(...

c-o

(i.)

(.-

a:i

(D

,.Qim

im

C_

(I)

OC_

(.,-

(-.(I,)

E

O

om

(--(I.)

(I)(I)

(.-.

O

f_

(I.)

f_

mm

C_m

O"D

(3_

C._

(,_

O

F--O

I

C._m

(_

C..)

Some "Perspectives" of Software Requirements

t!:::::::i:::::S .,. ,, ,. _. ,., . ::::::: ii:::

I n iii!_iiiiii!iiii. _i_._i_:._pe_,,_ '^pp,,c.uon _°_"i

i fill ii:i _211"_iil)i:i_;,

/"J"."".-'.'."-" '/" ;" i i

".'" .".' :%"." "'."Z ""

, o° ...- .° .'..........o ._ k.." .....o : .. : ..'°.°.

iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiililiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiliiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iii!iiiiiiiiiii;iiiiill!iii!iiii!iiiiiii]Static "Gains"+


Funcionai and Nonfunctional Requirements


Software Quality Mgmt Team





Oynam/c I//ew of So#warn tlequ/mmenls

Some Examples of CSSE Activities

CSSE / SERC Research Examples

" See Thursday's presentations

CSSE / SERC Education & Training Examples

See Dr. Freedman's SEPEC presentation

CSSE / SERC Research on Interfaces to :

AI / Expert Systems

Project with :Inference, Intellimac,

JSC / MPAD, UH CL

Information Management

IRDS

Object- Based Management Systems

U of Colorado, Boulder*

Math/Stat Analyses

Metrics /Instrumentation Design

U of Maryland*

Reliability Modelling

Purdue*

* Reusability : UHCL + 6 others universities


Specif/_ Appl/_a#on Oomain

Req. NewApp. Sw.

COTS/ Modified COTSi i

App. Software ......, . . .,.',

Required NewSystem Software

COTS/mod.COTS

SystemSoftware

CSSE View of Requirements

Hard Work

8_ =°.-_-.=-88_.88


Req. NewSw.

COTS

System

@

_._) Hardware

COTS Panacea View of Requirements Work/Play

(1)

OO.O

(I)

C_

0)

O

"Oe--col

E{1)

ALUILl

v

e..-Q)E

OL--

em

ILl

t-O

EO

O

m

o)

O

el)

.....I

Q)m

o(1)X

ILl

OEEO

0)m

eci

o

0)0) "o

ecl_-- E

e--4.-, _,

col_" EON

o E_. O

om

(I) OC_ om

..Q -,--,

O e"ol

E _1o

e--Q) 0)c EQm

m

(1) e-.-_.j Ocol i..om

..Q _,e.--

(I)

O

O..

Eo_lD

O

O"O

0)m

OC_

O ¢::

col

m

_" col

em

m

O,.2

E_mm

/

-_ E

_" e---(_ °-,--

x _,

em

e--.m

1::I oO "4-"

_3. "C3_-.

O c_

"0 r._ _.__- ¢_ ._.c_ ---

o,_ 0 c_

"--" O _--::3 "0 O_: o

em

C_ c_

e- e" ----

m E o

m

.-- e-" _'--m

i_. _ "_'

O _--

O "O

O

m

c_I

I

Iii.

c.rbI

C)

rr I

A

iii

¢0

c-eJ

CD¢De-

l iiiiin

ci.iiI

0

"0¢...0_

ECD

¢/)

L

¢1)

E0

C_

¢D

¢:=¢D

¢.,.¢.)L-

¢0

¢Del."

¢-.om

L-

(¢p

e-oI

¢:::LL!

¢D

¢0

0

¢:¢::LLi

ILla..LLI¢,/'J

e-.oI

c-om

¢¢1L

I----0e.-¢0

.j_ ¢-¢b 0

omlIm

L-- ,,_

¢0 ¢¢1(Z> ¢J_

¢D"OCI_ I.IJ

¢Z>

(3)

r-m

Eu'J

:>..m

rI_ iX ¢I_mII ¢_

IiI

ipii

¢D ci_

cI. _=-

"-- _ II

OR_i. 0n

im

.0=i,n

_i 0IiI

In

Z0I--

__ o_ __ onwZfr Z _ w _ a0 _W

t,_w_(_ I-.X I-- w

U.lw wn- cO0 Z _ 01._.--In"

o_- _ _- :" °o

_-o _'o _ _I- LLI-r(. 9 7-oo

O:-J _ WI:I:

w._ w__ __w"_ ww _0rr_ _rr a_ X

w w I-- o'_

f

TWO SCENARIOS FOR

5SP EnUIROnmEnT

In _ooo+ R.O.

® x x o °X X _ 0 0

X . X _ 0

x ® x x /-'_ o ox x _ _- ° o

HOSTEnUIROnmEnTS:

• DEUELOP

• SUSTRIn

InTEGRRTiOnEnUIROnmEnT:

• CONTROL OFTEiT. EnUIR.

BRSELlnE

• InTEGRRTiOnU6"U FOR nEXTBRSELInE RnO

TEST 6,InTEGRRTIOn

PLRnS

TRRGETEnUIROnmEnTS:

• OEPLOV

• OPERRTE

o_

LUll:

ZI_.0

O_I,I=I,I.I._I__'

LLI

oZ£/) "-- (.9' 0

0 Z n"W .-- O.a.. =E W

CO

WI--GO>..

Zm

n"ILlI.UZ

Iz:OI,I=

co _ n-

O _ 0U_ O. O9

Z W CO '_-- LI_

-- W U. ,,¢:

W...j I:I: W LLI W0 w 0: > rrI-- I-- _ ...j ,,¢:

_ O.

_ _ u.. n'- ,u._ 0 0 0 0

0 O9 U. O9

O9LU-r0<0III1.O_

WR

u_n

l--ZUJaI

n-w7-l-O

O

c_SL__.

_ o

i,___

CD

CL_el)

n.-

CTJ

>=

0

0

0

I--LIJ

Z

F-ZLU(/)UJE

LU>

0

LU

IiiC9E_W/

0Z

Z

iiiCO

I--IT"Ii'IO.XUJ

O_nr'_O-I_Cl--Wc/)o.O×_wwI_C

g,,oI-..W

l--ZW

Z0n-

ZW"700I--

0W

aw00n-o.

0

Z

n-Ou_O_Z

rrI--

Some "Perspectives".of Software Requirements

i!!iiii!!ili!::il;S pecificApplication Domain-:!iii::::!ii:::::I.'..:.'..;.'..:;.°:;...,.

,..' -..," ...'.., ,'..,..".,

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

:!!:iii:iiiiii!iiiii:!iii!:iiii!:Static Viow :::::::::::::::::::::::::::

iiii!;!!iiiiiiiiiiiiiii!!ii!i:iiii!iii!iiii!i:iii::i:ii . ." ...- -..'..° ; °, .'°-

:.-:_....::..;.-..:.-..:. • • -.:....'.:..2.:..-.:..2.:.-_

ii!ii:ii!i!ii!ii-ii:!:-!i:ii-ilDynamic V_ew lili)iiii!!iiiii!ii}i!iii}!l".':"::-.':: _::-.'.'-. _'.'3v2.'.":'.'3v _

°-o, ,,.° ."_ °'°oo .'o°, -.-.%°,-,-.... ",* • "_

Static "Gains"+




Software Quality Mgmt. Team





_jvnamZc llTew of _oflwar_ li'_uir_m_nls

( ",,y....-t q'

KEYNOTE ADDRESS

The Real Technologies in SpaceStation Information

Systems

John R. (Jack) Garman, Director of Information

Systems Services, Space Station Program Office,

NASA Headquarters

or) a)

¢2)

E

Keynote Address

The Lead Technologies in SpaceStation

Information Systems

John R. Garman

em |

0

"- I_

,eo :__

_s) O O I Oof ,imie.- _ __ Z

ibm

0 I.U E_.

0c3),-

::3O_ (/)in,

&=Q. a_

"{3

0 0

'{3 C0 "--

QP

(3) i

_m_ i

aaalf I

O IO'3-1

ct_ I "-•._ i _

on

_E00

0Z!! /

!--1-

O

..,,J

I"-'-

>.<

h

]-J=_

,_,,il O _ "_

,.5_,=

///

(,,,,.

/kI

i

e,,"' !I

!!I

O)

(-.,a3

Er-Oa,.,,.

em

L,U

(:3OH

k--

{:3')

i

OE

OQI

U,J

43,)

I..-,L

Mr. David Auty presented "Testing and Verification of Ada Flight software for Embedded

computers." This presentation focused on the issues of storage management in Ada. Mr. Auty

described certain aspects of the language which, if misused, could lead to errors which are difficult

to detect. Examples include global variables, exception propagation, dynamic task interactions,

generic subprograms parameters, and dynamic storage allocations. He distinguished among good

software engineering approaches to utilizing these features, compiler dependencies which affect

these features and the critical role of the run time support environment int he robust and correct

management of storage. He then described some of the recommendations and guidelines that have

resulted from this study.

The final presentation of this session was made by Dr. Morris Liaw. Dr. Liaw and his col-

league, Dr. Anthony Lekkos, recently delivered an operational Software Engineering and Ada

Database. He described the objectives and the history of the project as well as the architecture and

the features of this unique resource. He further described the methodology used in design and

development and concluded with the description of the planned enhancements for the future. A

second release will be available in January 1988. The resource is being used by JSC, UH-Clear

Lake and JSC's aerospace contractors.


Conveners: Glenn B. Freedman, UH-Clear Lake

Amy B. Kennedy, Employee Development,NASA/JSC

Review of the Education and Training Activities

Glenn B. Freedman, UH-Clear Lake

Sue LeGrand, SofTech,lnc.

Software Engineering and the Transition to Ada

John McBride, SofTech, Inc.

Computer Based Ada Training Using Hypertext Systems

Sue LeGrand and Gilbert Marlowe, SofTech, Inc.

Summary of the Computer SystemsandSoftware Engineering

Technical Session

Charles W. McKay

Because it was impossible to provide a meaningful presentation on more than 18 NASA

funded activities as well as an even greater number of company funded activities that are coordi-

nated by this component of RICIS, five related activities were selected for presentation. Mr. Pat

Rogers introduced the five activities and then presented: "Lifecycle Support for Computer Systems

and Software Safety in the Target and Integration Environments of the Space Station Program:

Approaches to Fault Tolerant Software Systems."

Safety was defined as "the probability that a system, including all hardware and software and

human-machine subsystems will provide appropriate protection against the effects of faults, which,

if not prevented or handled properly, could result in endangering lives, health, property and environ-

ments." The past and present approaches to mission and safety critical components have been

addressed through a static perspective of fault avoidance (i.e., considerations in the host environment

only). That is, the development team was encouraged to design as well as possible to keep defects

out of the system. The quality management team was encouraged to test as well as possible to

identify defects that made it through the work of the development team so that the defects could then

be removed before deployment Post-deployment support depended almost entirely upon hardware

techniques (e.g., redundant wocessors, built-in-tests, error coding) to sustain mission and safety

critical components at run time.

Mr. Rogers advocated the CSSE team's position that a dynamic perspective of software

assessment and control of run time behavior in the target and integration environments is needed to

complement the static perspective which has previously been emphasized. Specifically, as shown in

Figure I, additional software processes should be deployed in the target environment to accompany

all mission and safety critical components. For applications programs, these additional processes

help to monitor the behavior of each of the critical components. These processes are needed to

insure the fastest possible identification of faults that have entered any potion of the system state

vector, to firewall their propagation, to analyze which of the predetermined recovery mechanisms

are most appropriate, and to effect recovery. At the systems software level, such processes apply to

all shareable services and resources which mission and safety critical comlxments of application

software depend upon.

Mr Rogers then described the CSSE team's proposal for a Portable Ccmunon Execution

Environment _. The two principal components of this proposal are an ex_ run time

support environment filmwy and a Mission and Safety Critical (MASC") kenteL Undeme_uh the

MASC kcmel are 12 distinct but highly interactive models believed cssontial to maximizc the sup-

port for minion and _'ety critical requirements. Figure 2 depicts the extended run time library

model and Figure 3 depicts the list of 12 models underneath the system interface set of the MASC

kernel.

Summary of the

Education and Training Technical Session

Dr. Glenn B. Freedman

In tile first presentation, Dr. Freedman reviewed two RICIS activities. He first presented the

results of a contractor survey completed in Fall, 1986, in which 21 NASA contractors were inter-

viewed to assess thc extent to which they had undertakcn softwaxc engineering and Ada training

[,rograms locally, what thcir perceptions were about these areas and what their plans were for train-

ing and educational activities for the next twelve months. The results indicated that at the time of

the survcy and interviews, the contractor community had very little software engineering training

I,Izmncd, but wcre beginning Ada syntax training, even though there was little Ada work in progress.

"l'hc intcrvicwecs indicated that the commitment of NASA mid-level managers toward Ada was not

finn and that this perception affected training plans. As one personnel person commented, there was

"Ada talk from on high, but no Ada action."

Other findings were that the contractors had hardware, compilers and various tools available,

they the general consensus at the time was that the tools and methods for Ada were immature.

Training was typically defined in terms of language syntax and semantics, with little regard for the

Ada culture that supports software engineering principles and goals. Interestingly, the companies

pcrccivcd that there were sufficient numbers of programmers available, but few software engineers

;rod design experts. Nonetheless, little in the way of design and software engineering training was

phmncd. One of the most consistent findings was that no "transition to Ada" plans were mentioned,

even though each company recognized that Ada would become a language they would be using and

that the transition would be resource intensive to some extent.

Freedman also reported on the development of a number of training options for the aerospace

community. On of the options was a videotape featuring modules about various aspects of software

cnginecring. The tape, geared to upper level management, contains four modules: The Cost of

Software, Software in the Space Station Era, Engineering Software and Building a Software Engi-

neering Environmenc A second development effort resulted in a one-half of three day presentation

covering software engineering and the highlights of the Ada programming language. Other efforts

lcd to an Ada glossary, a PC-based data base of software engineering and Ada training options, text

rcsources, conferences and other educational and training information.

Among the deliverables to NASA there has also been a model for a comprehensive software

cngi,_eering curriculum that features six planning dimensions and alternative Iraining methods.

Also, Freedman discussed the programs of the Clear Lake Software Engineering and Ada Training

Forum, a monthly meeting of training experts from universities and industry, and the Software

I:mgineering Professional Education Center, a complementary center to the Software Engineeriag

Research Center that enables the university to offer a full range of services and research to the

software engineering community.

COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Conveners: Charles W. McKay, UH-Clear Lake

Stephen A. Gorman, Head, Application Systems,

Spacecraft Software Division, NASA/JSC


Pat Rogers, UH-Clear Lake



Proof-of-Concept Prototype of the Clear Lake Model for Ada

Run Time Support Environment

Chades Randall, GHG Corpm_lion

Testing and Verification of Ada Flight Software for Embedded

ComputersDavid Auty, SofTcch, Inc.


Morris Liaw, UH-Clcar Lake

ZJ-q

Z

,<

:E

u_

HI

I,,-

Z0

I,I1,1a

I-,q_

8L

Z0

n,,,,, 0qDOo,, Z

0 c',q• O p.,

O_ eo

0W t-w Z

i

m 0 Q

0 < wZ o

0ee

0

n.0

iL

w

>-I-- .-J

o o

v

-J_J

UW

JORIC-IN;_L PAGE IS

OF PC_'_R QUALITY

Z1

Z

<

LI_0

z z

Z(nm_

wW

LLJ

t.lJ

tt

oe oo

0 0r'_tt

v'Ue_e

.,.JU

j..C

m

U

0

U_

' I I

t-.co

&.

0

U0

LU

Or)>-Or)

L_JLDr_

o<( LUn,,

I.U

Z0i

LUnp

i Z

LI.0(I)

Z_.J

Z0n,,

NZ

Z

,.°

• :.. •

gOFI"V_AR; _;NGIIk_IRING WITi4 ADA:IA DEIqNmON OP 114G _It;LD

WITN CURRICULAR OPTIONG |

J

II.I

JOB D_£CRIPTION I

2. iI

i

ACTiVITIE-

CONTROL

//////

/////

$ M L T A CE E A 0 $ O

T N 0 S MC H G L E MU 0 U _.S. S. UL D A $ NT $ G M IU E E CR S N AE T T

S ION$

13. S_ARE GNGINEG'RING KNOVVLEDGb" I

I 4. ENVlRCNMAhENT= _, "I'&RG_r, IN"I_GR&TION5. SKILL LEVEL: INTIlOOucroRY, INI'GRMGOIA'r_,

ADVANC_ID6. P11:tO_Ec'Ir' glZ_/COMPLGXITY: _MAJI.L, LARGG'

CO,/_'PONENT. AI-BA'I_Di 8710

I I I

,,o_

!i

A

iP

IDATA BASE FILES

EDUCATION AND TRAININO

ORACLE

dBASE III

COURSE

OROANIZATION

CONFERENCE

PRODUCT

PUBLICATION

PERSON

BOOK

n_n

I,n,IO,

Z

,i,u,,

,e-_l

,,JILl

I,IJ'_J

0IoZo

U

Io

!i

<

Q

<(n

(gj..zZ.--w

u-,CO

0I.-<

0I-. 0

i-ra_-. 0 Z

:E 0kl,I

> u_ :Eme"

-- U <ul

_,, < <a. _ Zmm

v <.-: z = ;_-- V 0

_z_ _' = :s _< 8_ ._,-- (/)

-o_ = (v

< wml

m

< w QZ

Z

I-.

I&lM0

Q

"L

s j

o_L

b

.3

q_

.3

_J

r_

tua.

z

I.-

w.t

:EU0a

mum

ZJ--u

tuU

tim

tuLLItu

<0

Q.Q.<

ZZ0cnw

Q w

o v _ o

o !

x z ;Zo < v wO--

gem

_.Z _ Z v)<-- Z 0 <U

az _z t::; 8-w z w-, a

tO) tu

< _ I.. ,, :£Z w :£ZQ w

,_,Z w vcc 0 w>Z cc u mm<

q;nL • • •

<aZI&l

<

IM"tm0

:SuJ_J

0

lk

Zmm

Zm

I,-

0"0<

IM

IMlk)..

u-0

Z0m

I.-m

Zm

u-IM

=CU<0

8_tk<

ZU

I;:0

I&l,,,IQ.=E

IM

t.J

|

i

ngu_ 2.h

I SOFTWARE ENGINEERING WITH Ada:A DEFINITION OF THE FIELDWITH CURRICULAR OPTIONS

I

J

( ossC.l O. [

2.ACTiViTIES

,m,mmm.

CYCLE

•CONTItOL

MANAGEmAL

SUPI,_RT ACTIVlTIWI

IIII

¢UL1'UIIII

M L 1' A CII A O II OT N O 11 M14 G L i MO U II II UO A S NII G M I

Ii | CII N A

T TII I

ONII

, I i i

3. SOFTWARE ENGINEEI:IING' KNOWLEOGE

I 4 e IIENY_RONME eN_lee HOST| TA_O_rQ IN1W_Gi_41_ON 'I

5. SKUJ. LEVEL. INTRODUCTORY, iNTERMEDIATE, ADVANCED6. PROJECT BiZF.JCOMPLExrrY. SMALL, LARGE

COMPONENT, AI-BASED

SUMMARY

• THE USE OF MODERN SOFTWARE

ENGINEERING AND Ada INVOLVES CRITICAL

TRANSITION STEPS

• THE SEMINAR BRIDGES THE CONCEPTS OF

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Ada AND SOFTWARE

SUPPORT ENVIRONMENTS.

• THE SEMINAR PRESENTS ISSUES AND

MANAGEMENT OPTIONS

SofTech

I,-<

qLO')

at.i_

a

0m,L

Z

iZ0

0al.n...

an.tqLdl')0L0

,.,z g ., ,;

_, • • • __ • • •

U _

WHO W3ZLBEFIT FBOM T][t_ _M]_AB?ili I

MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL INVOLVED IN THE TRANSITION

PROCESS MAY INCLUDE:

• PROGRAM MANAGERS

• PROJECT MANAGERS

• TECHNICAL TEAM LEADERS

• COMPUTER RESOURCE MANAGERS

• CONTRACT MANAGERS

THE SEMINAR IS DESIGNED FOR THOSE

INVOLVED IN PLANNING OR IMPLEMENTING

A TRANSITION TO SOFTWARE ENGINEERING WITH Ada

SofTech

INTRODUCTION

• THE APPLICATION OF MODERN SOFTWAREENGINEERING PRINCIPLES AND THE Ada LANGUAGEPROMISES HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY AND LOWERLIFE CYCLE COSTS.

• THE TRANSITION TO THESE NEW METHODS,HOWEVER, POSES RISKS.

• A SEMINAR IS BEING DEVELOPED TO ADDRESSTRANSITION ISSUES.

8ei_h

WJ_LT _E8 TWB fgEM]NAB ADDWB88?

• SOFTWARE TRENDS

• SYSTEM AND SOFTWARE £1FE CYCLES

• SOFTWARE ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES AND METHODS

• HOW Ada SUPPORTS SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

SofTech

WH£T IB N]_DED7

MANAGEMENT NEEDS:

• RATIONALE FOR USING MODERN SOFTWARE

DEVELOPMENT METHODS.

• OVERVIEW OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING METHODS.

• COMPREHENSIVE VIEW OF TRANSITION ISSUES.

SofTech

WHkT 18 NEEDED7

MANAGEMENT NEEDS:

• RATIONALE FOR USING MODERN SOFTWARE

DEVELOPMENT METHODS,

• OVERVIEW OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING METHODS.

• COMPREHENSIVE VIEW OF TRANSITION ISSUES.

SofTech

_[AT DOg8 T/_ 8BM_AB ADDB88?

• SOFTWARE TRENDS

• SYSTEM AND SOFTWARE LIFE CYCLES

• SOFTWARE ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES AND METHODS

• HOW Ada SUPPORTS SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

SofTech

INTI DUCTION

• THE APPLICATION OF MODERN SOFTWARE

ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES AND THE Ada LANGUAGE

PROMISES HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY AND LOWER

LIFECYCLE COSTS,

• THE TRANSITION TO THESE NEW METHODS,

HOWEVER, POSES RISKS.

• A SEMINAR IS BEING DEVELOPED TO ADDRESS

TRANSITION ISSUES.

8¢dT_

WHO WILL BENEFIT FBOM THIS 8EMINAB?I IIII

MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL INVOLVED IN THE TRANSITION

PROCESS MAY INCLUDE:

• PROGRAM MANAGERS

• PROJECT MANAGERS

• TECHNICAL TEAM LEADERS

• COMPUTER RESOURCE MANAGERS

• CONTRACT MANAGERS

THE SEMINAR IS DESIGNED FOR THOSE

INVOLVED IN PLANNING OE IMPLEMENTING

A TRANSITION TO SOFTWARE ENGINEERING WITH Ada

SofTech

in:)I,-<i,-cn

0LL

:£

ILL

Ziimi

uJm

V)Z0

eo

Od0u_

QLUtn0o.0

ZZ <LU .--I

:£ a.

., r_ ___Z < Z 0 ,.Z.ZZ Z :l: a.

< v L :£I-- tn ,,I

c{_ o.

U

_J

Ui

m

t,.p

t.t.a

0ql.P

I-,

,.,.an<Um

Z-e,(,,,,P!1,,II-,.

Zn

Zn

<

m0,,,,j

anuJ

Z

m

Z0

I,,,J

0

SUMMABY

• THE USE OF MODERN SOFTWARE

ENGINEERING AND Ada INVOLVES CRITICAL

TRANSITION STEPS

• THE SEMINAR BRIDGES THE CONCEPTS OF

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, Ada AND SOFTWARE

SUPPORT ENVIRONMENTS.

• THE SEMINAR PRESENTS ISSUES AND

MANAGEMENT OPTIONS

SofTech

n_ 3.0e

I SOFTWARE ENGINEERING WITH Ada:A DEFINITION OF THE FIELDWITH CURRICULAR OPTIONS

I

J

m

2.ACTIVITI

IE

1. JOB DESCRIPTION

UFli CYCLE

•CONllqOt.

MANAGERIAL

SUPPORT ACTIVtTI8

I

CUI.1'UR

M b T A OI A O • OT N O. • MH G L I MO U • • UD A • N• G Id I

I | CI N A

T T• I

ON

///

///////

" sorrwAnEJ. O" I:. oINUR,.K.OWLEDamI I

I • J |l

_ 4a ENt_RONM_ e_" |_ HOST| T_G_| IN_G__ 1

S. SKill. LEVEL: INTRODUOTORY, INTERMEDIATE, ADVANCED6. PROJECT 81ZE/COMPLEXITY: SMALL, LARGE

COMPONENT, AI-BASEDi I

<aZI&l

<

w0 n_ =

n_ Z0

u. mZ 0 L-- L

w Z Z <

> oI,,,, "

u_m -o w 00 < a vj

tnIM_Ja_:£

IM

• • • • •

2:tJcC0

a.n_<

aZ<

ul tn

I U

u_

I u

u.. I,,,

ZOO"-_..Z

QZ"-- l&l

WZ _ -'

I,,,, w

Z a w mv)IM

wZ m 0>Z a. u

u"lL • •

0

u.nfl,

uJv,,,pn

0

Zm

Z 0 ZI

I

< Z__, < 0

I

w Za _ <

I

_ Z _Z 0 <

oWQZW

O_UW

0:

IWI',,

I£18->-Z

/Zkkll

U0a

zZI,,,,

tl,IIUZkklaCtl,Iu-1,1,1W

!k

QIJ1

<

a0 0I- I,-< - 0

< _ I-_ 0 Z

_..z. "_ -_ U

-<

w v '_wm _d N

-- U

< o.

._< Z mOm < <

v_.J

w aZ

cn

<ul<Z

0u__Ju_

k"

uJ

0

ORIGINAL PAC_" ISOF POOR QUALITY

r--,-

C,-

¢ .

CQ_

3

/C

C_

l'

1

t.j

'_)

(]J

_Z

1414I==IIIIlallm_)=Z

,w==

,i

m=¢_lv-(_l

Ol

144

m=ll

144==11m_I-,._i

:E0I==Z

a

m_

==11

0U

I==X144I.=

!i

IDATA [BASLE FILES


ORACLE

dBASE III

COURSE

ORGANIZATION

CONFERENCE

PRODUCT

PUBLICATION

PERSON

BOOK

u=

L_

u=14,1I--MI0u_

! !

_b

.. °.,

..., •

f q;OIB_A'R; ;'NGINI;';'RING WITI.I, AOA 1

A 'DEFINITION OF TI4E' FIELDWITH CURRICULAR OPTIONS

II. JOB D_'c3cRIPTIONI

2.

A(3TI'v'ITI-E"G

CONTROL

//,A///////

$ M L T A CE E A O $ O

T N O $ MC H G L E MU O U _.S. S. UL D A $ NT S G M IU E E CR S N AE T T

= I0N$

13. S_ARE' ENGINEERING KNOVVI.E"OGE 1

I 4. ENVmON_=N'r,,o_r.'rAnc,_. li,n'_GnA'nONS.

ADVANCt;O . /

, COA__N*r. AI-aAS_ J 87'0

# l J J

i

|

U

I%coc_

iiii

L

0

0

<

W

o <

(.0UZ

ILl

IL

,,,,,,ILl

Z0

ILl{Z

==lLI-0

Z Z

XLLJ

Z0rl,'

Z

Z

p..gO

Ln'

(J

Z

(,r)

ILl

r_

LI.Ivm,

'1_11 I1' III I

0

R

0

ff'lL_

0

W

m

Z,

f

TWO SCENARIOS FOR

55P EnUlROnmEnT

In _ooo+ R.O.

HOSTEI'IUIROnmERTS:

• OEUELOP

• 5USTRIn

1

inTEGRRTIOnENUIROnmEnT:

• CONTROL OFTGT. EnUIR.

BRSELlnE

• InTEGRRTiORU_U FOR nEXTBRSELInE Rno

TEST 6'IRTEGRRTIOn

PLRnS

TRRI3ETEnUlR0nmEnTS:

• OEPLOV

• OPERRTE

,m

p

d

_'ZGUt_. 1-5 _E S0_,I,,_L_ ENVTRONI'_N'TS

4 "°

o_O_.

>_

%..

(i)

c-olo9

ooc-

>,

0

0iI

c--

(DC

0

oO

C'd"0C

00

C

or)

"-!

00IN

0T(1)

ii

0

0

I--

"00(..)

.E:

t-

O

0

E

'-- 4_

C

oi --i

n 0

m

o

3

0

m

o

o :q

0 _

_e

::r _ql_le _e

_ 0

C

0

oB

0

mX

0

o

m

0

B

Z

C

C0O.

E0

0

0

0

E

0u

0

u_0

..0om

O0

0...,,.-.00 _

•-- 0 "1_

g

0 _-'.0o._.9, c

"0 c" _

em

1"-

c"

m

0_E•*"_ (D

fill'-

0-_eN

0

>t-OO

O_<DO

Ot-

e_

""_ -t:::

O'-c"O0 4--

_"0oN

O_

r-o

"5o

m E

0cO

.i-.a

comm

COc-O0

COCO

..C!--

CD..Q

0

00(D0

0oO

"ID

<1) 0

,_.. c_Oc"

"_0c-:+_CDC_E._o

c-_CD

E_I-00-_-"'+- "t30O( D.-_"t_.0_"_-_oCL.o.

_0

m_

0oim

0c_

c'-

<I)

.o0

c"

0

¢.0

m

"O

C

E

c"

t-O

e_

c"

X

c"

¢.elc-O

o_

0

"00

E0

m

M-,,-0

C0

m _

_ >

0

E

CC

0

m

U u

¢'1

0

(D

!.-

e.o

o

w

m

_m

.-7 )

_"Fea ture

Status

Validation Suite

Basis

Representation

InformationManagement

Kernel

Security

CooperatingEnvironments

Location

Processor

TypesCommon ExternalData Format

CommunicationsImplementation

Distribution

Unique Names

Transaction

ManagementData Access

Stable Storage

Granularity ofRepresentation

Interoperablilty

Goals

_Support for

Multiprocessors

Support fornonlunctlonalrequirements

Environments

I/0

PCEE

Definition Stage

Required

ARTEWG CIFO andClear Lake Model

CAIS

MIL-STD

in Progress

unique

CAIS-A

In Progress

In Progress

C_S

PCTE

Completed

Completed(based on XPC1

UNiX SVlD

Object Node Node Object

Extens_le ENRA unique ENRA unique EA/RA unique F..NRA(based on IRDS)

"bare machine',

operating system

"bare machine",

operating systemoperating

system

"bare machine',

operating system

Full TCS "Puce Book" minimal

required not supported

TCS 133class MLS minimal

supported LAN only

Migratable Fixed Migratable tAN migratable

Heterogeneous I-bmogeneous Heterogeneous Homogeneous

required not supported some support minimal support

Full OSI NA TBD Four layers of OSI

FLANsof single site Some RAN arx:l LAN

Integrated LANs I.AN support

Objects, Processes,Transactions,Relationships,and Attributes

Nodes,

Relationships,and Attidoutes

Single LevelDistributed Nested

ll_des t

Relationships,and Altributes

HA

Synchronized NA : NA

required NA NA

Each thread of control program programfor each program

data, tools, control data data

_ortablllty, performance portab=lity, portability,stable baseline & safety performance performanceacross all envlronments

required NA NA

NA NAARTEWG CIFO and

Clear Lake Model

Host

character-orientedterminals

Host

graphics andwindows

for a PCEE

Host.Targetand Integration

graphics, windowsand other devices

Figure 3-1 Comparison of Features50

Objects,Relationships,and Attributes

DistributedNested

Synchronized

NA

program

data

portability,

performance,stable base

NA

NA o

Host

(some Target)

graphics andwindows _,

o

&

&

!GoO3(1)

I,,-,

Q.)

I.-

0

0

E

0

0

o_.

L:el

.J

E

C=0L_

U

Ad___aaProgramming Support Environment (MAPSE) to Support th_

Life Cycle of Large, Complex, Non-Stop, Distributed Systems,SERC, July 1986.

Military Standard Common APSE Interface Set (CAIS), MIL-STD-1838. 31 January 1985.

Space Station Software Support Environment Functiona]

Requirements Specification, National Aeronautics and Space

Administration, Johnson Space Center, JSC 30500, Draft 3.0,(6 April 1987).

Notkin, D. et. al. Heterogeneous Computing Environments: Reporton the ACM SIGOPS Workshop on Accommodatinq Heterogeneity.

PCTE A Basis for a Portable Co,_non Tool Environment, ProjectReport, ESPRIT Technical Week 86.

PCTE A Basis for a Portable Co,_non Tool Environment Ada

Functional Specification, First Edition, Volume I.

Rogers, P. and C. McKay. "Distributed Program Entities in Ada",

Proceedings of the First _nternational Conference on Ada

Programming Language, 2-5 June 1986, p B.3.4.1.

Rogers, K. "Extending the Granularity of Representation and

Control for CAIS Process Nodes", Proceedings of the First

International Conference on Ada Programming Language, 2-5June 1986, p D.2.3.1.

Thall, R. and S. LeGrand. "The CAIS 2 Project", Proceedings of

the First International Conference on Ada Programming

Language Applications for the Space Station Program, 2-5

June 1986,

p D.2.6.1.

Bibliography

ACM SIGAda Ada RunTime Environment Working Group (ARTEWG), A

Catalog of Interface Features and Options for the Ad_

Runtime Environment, ARTEWG Interfaces Subgroup3, Release 2,23 July 1986.

Auty, David, Ada and Operating Systems Practice and Experience inTargeting Ada, presentation to NASA/JSC, April 1986.

CAIS Panel Discussion, First International Conference on Ada

Programming Language, 2-5 June 1986, Session D.5.1.

Chen, C. "Conceptual Architecture for an

Environment", Rockwell SSSD IR&D Progress

(fall 1987).

Ada Run-Time

Report 86567,

Dolk, R.D. and R. A. Krisch II. "A Relational Information

Resource Dictionary System", Communications of the ACM, Vol.

30, No.1 (January 1987).

Fisher, Herman, PCTE Overview and CAIS Comparison Impressions,9 September 1985.

Fisher, Herman, PCTE Ada Conceptual Design (PCD), Mark V Business

Systems, Draft of 22 November 1986.

KAPSE Interface Team (KIT), DoD Requirements and Design Criteria

for the Common APSE Interface Set (CAIS), 13 September 1985.

KIT Meeting, presentation by CAIS-A contractor, April 1987.

Mark V Business Systems/Systems Designers PLC., PCTE Ada

Interface Requirements, Version i.I, 27 December 1986.

McKay, C. "Distributed Computer Systems and Software Safety",

SERC Lecture Notes, April-June 1987.

McKay, C. A Proposed Framework for the Tools and Rules to

Support the Life Cycle of the Space Station Program, COMPASS'87 Conference Proceedings, IEEE, June 1987.

McKay, C. Life Cycle SuDport For "Computer Systems and Software

Safety" in the Target And Integration Environments of the

Space Station Program, SE_C Memo, 15 June 1987.

McKay, C. "CWM's Perspective of:• Probable enhancements to transition CAIS to CAIS-A

• Potential implications for 3 environments of the

Space Station Program (host, target, integration)", SERC

Memo, May 5, 1987.

McKay, C., R. Charette, D. Auty Final Report on: A Study to

Identify Tools Needed to Extend the Minimal Toolset of the

0_ ©

I :

%i

0

, ©

©

t"

e_

,.--4 e1_

_I 0,--I .,_

rd o,,..,'.

ORIGINAL PAGE IS-OF POOR (_ALITY

d

0

0

m

0

D

O3

:J

PRE=CEDING PAGE BLANK NOT FILMED

0

o.r,-I

0

PRECEDING PAGE BLANK NOT FILMED

_m

Dum

im

ul

mm

om

m

ID.,,x

nnn

0Z

0 I

<.__.__wE0

i

!--

I oIZII

"_ ,,,,,.,j

I-- I---

j,III,

..@............@...,

_E

im

-_1CD

Cl.) .,i--

_.. il)O O,..,,_h

, 0 "-l_i I.-...0

/

11

i-.-¢..e..

X

_. \ ¢_%

%

% %

I--..I

e_lL__

-r.

E_

_ o©

0

_ -_ o

i

ORIGINAL PAGE !$OF PO0_ QUALr_

f--

TWO .sCEnARIO_5 FOR

5_5P ERUIRORmERT

In _ooo+ A.D.

X 0

X X _ 0 0X . X _ 0

x ® x x_ o o

• "-<_&HOST

ERUIRORmEnT5:

• OEUELOP

• 5LISTAIR

InTEGRATIOn.EnUIRORIT1EnT:

• CONTROL OFTOT. ERUIR.

BASELINE

• IFITEGFIATIOnU_U FOA nEXTBASELINEAnn

TEST G'InTEGRATIOn

PLANS

TARGETERUIROnmERTE:

• nEPLOY

• OPERATE

i

L

t_

O_ _

o • ,

, o_

° r,, ¢) ..-; ,0 _

L

.,-4

m,"

O_

1,""

,.--i.m.i

1,.-.-4

0

,..,,,,I

c_

.r-!

¢.,

llmlII

,-.,-I

,,ll_

0

0

.,-I

.,.-t

h_

0

(D.m.l

0.m.t

0

0

,.:_;i


a

LU

C_

Z

E-m_

©Cf_

o_

o_

I I I I

Immo

Imll

0

©

_Zt_

Z

?..

m

Z

l l I l I a I I

t'--

_I

C_

c_W

C_

m_

c_

c_Z

J_

mlolml

c_c_J_

o J4

|

C_

Z

• _

C)

C){/)"-3

Z

• J.-i _,)

I l l I I I

C_

C_

m_

c_

0

a

c_ILl(I)

O0

Z

c_

c_

_rj

N

J_

ZN

! | |

<C

c_

I I I ! I I

MATHEMATICAL AND

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

Conveners: Cecil R. Hallum, UH-Clear Lake

David K. Geller, Mission Planning and


Space Station Momentum Management and Attitude Control

Bong Wie, University of Texas at Austin

Quantifying Software Reliability (Invited Presentation)

Patrick L. Odell, University of Texas at Dallas

0

Z m_m Ij_l

! ! |

tI

(

Summary of theMathematical and Statistical Analysis

Technical Session

David Geller

and

Cecil Hallum


MATHEMATICAL AND STATISTICAL

ANALYSIS

COM PONENT CHARTER

SUMMARY OF PRIORITY SUPPOIkq" AREAS

CURRENT ACTIVITIES/STATUS

t_ov 03 15:04 1987 sym87 Page 1

R[CIS SYMPOSIUM 87'

k_thematic:_l and Statistical Analyses

Space Station Attitude Control and Momentum ManagementPresented by Dr. Bong Wie

_' ":._m a I'V

The space station momentum management project is being monitored by theMPAD Guidance and Navigation Branch. The primary investigator,Dr. Bong Wie of the University of Texas at Austin, presented apreliminary design for station atttiude control and momentum managmenz.

First. Dr. Wie reviewed the space station Phase 1 configuration anddescribed a station CMG (control momentum gyro). He then explained howthe CMG's control the attitude of the station and why CMG momentummanagement is needed.

Next, a controller for the space station pitch axis was introduced.It was shown that the cyclic aerodynamic torques acting on the stationproduced large undesirable pitch oscillations. However, when a periodicdisturbance rejection filter (tuned to the aerodynamic torque frequency)was added to the controller, the pitch oscillations were be completelyeliminated. In addition, pitch CMG momentum was shown to be minimized.

Following this, the space station yaw/roll controller was introduced

In this case the aerodynamic torques acting about the station's yaw/rollaxis produced large yaw/roll oscillations. When the disturbance rejectionfilter was added to the controller, it was found that only yawoscillations could be eliminated. Roll oscillations were minimized, butnot eliminated.

Dr. Wie also made some comments related to space station flight software.The control laws that would be implemented in the flight software werepointed out, and the required state integrators were noted. It wasalso shown that the computer storage requirement for gain schedulingcould be minimized using a proposed decoupled feedback controller.

It was noted that Dr. Wie and the University of Texas have been

extremely productive and have been providing excellent results.

ORIGINAL PAGE IS

OF POOR QUALrrY



ANALYSIS

(PROPOSEI)) PRIORITY SUPPORT AREAS

R.ELIABILITY ASSESSMENT OF SOFTWARE, FAULT-

TOI,ERANT COMPUTERS, AND COMPUTER NETWOI{KS

Background

Much research has been largely probabilistic in nat.re

Much has been undertaken by the Engineering community

Numerous publications in Engineering literature

Interface between Computer Science and Statistics

Statistical comnmnity has largely focused on the

aspect of application

?-5t_istical emplr_;_-a'_ifting now to inwstigation_..

SOFTWARE RELIABILITy:" STATISTICIANS ARE

WELL-QUALIFIED TO;'AD. DRESS:

. - .:;.._,. . _,, , _. . _-, , :, . • *_... _;_,..

_QUanti6cation and measurement of software reliability

• Assessment of changes in software reliability over

Analysis of software-failure data

Decision logic for whether to continue or stopt. •

testing software

2


ANALYSIS

I{I,;I,IAIIII,I'I'Y OF FAULT-TOI,ERANT COMPUTERS AND

SOFTWARE

Complex system involving automatic detection,

diagnosis, and correction of errors (faults)

Large research gap

Existing material mostly qualitative

Potential for valuable contributions from

Statistical community here

NETWORK RELIABILITY METHODS - CONSIDERABLE

RESEARCII EMPHASIS TO-DATE

OTIIER CRITICALLY RELEVANT EXPERTISE AREAS INCLUDE:

Math Modeling of Physical Systems

Simulation

Statistical Data Reduction

3(3_,,_,_NR,L PAGE ISC'F ?OOr QtlALITY


ANALYSIS

Evaluation Methods

Robustness (Stability)

Sensitivity Analysis

Perturbation Theory

Error Analysis

Development of Test Criteria

Optimization

Optimal Experimental Designs

Algorithm Dovelc_pment

Math Methods in Signal Processing

Consultant and Team Member

4

CUItltENT ACTIVITIES/STATUS

SPACE STATION MOMENTUM MANAGEMENT AND ATTITUDE

CONTROL

Bong Wie, J. Speyer, and D. Itull

Guidance and Control Group

Dept. of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mec

UT/Austin

QUANTIFYING SOFTWARE RELIABILITY

Professor Patrick L. Odell

Department of Mathematics

UT/Dallas

5

()IN o IJA N'I'IFYING SOFTWARE RELIABILITY

l%trick L. Odcll

Uiliv,'.vsity of Texas at Dallas

October 1987

1_ I,,ILS 1' I';C_l'l V ES

l,)fe Czcle.

(l) l{x.quiremcitt, l)efinit, ion Cycle

('2) 1)esign Cycle

(3)C,,,nstru,Cion Cycle (Includes VVT)

(4)Ol_eration and Maintenance Cycle

'.l'l_e Actors and Advocates.

( 1) Managers

(2)Coders and Computer Scientists

(3)System Engineers

(4) Reliability Engineers

A Little Culture.

1_, valuation and Development

1,; valuation Separate from Development

1-1. cliability Report submitted to manager and then manager makes decision

M anagers rand Producers are not part of final evaluation team

Q uality Assurance versus Manufacturing

ORIG;NAL PAGE IS

OF POOR QUALITY

QI.j A N'I'I I"YI N( ;"

SOF'I'WAIKI!; I4]';I,IAI_II,I'I'Y

A I)ROGRAM. P(x): X -_ )z ])(.z) '/'(z)

T(x)

x Y

Y

Input Space Output Space

The Literature.

HARDWARE RELIABILITY:

1. Shooman M.L., "Probabilistic Reliability: An Engineering Approach,"

1968.

2. Martz H.F. and Waller, R..A., "Bayesian Reliability Analysis," 1982.

SOFTWARE RELIABILITY :

3. Musa, J.D., Iannino, A., and Okumoto, K., "Software Reliability; Mea-

surement, Prediction, Appplication," 1987.

4. Miller E. and Howden, E.H., "Tutorial: Software Testing ,_nd Vali(l_t-

tion Techniques," 1981.

5. ACM Computing Surveys 14, No. z (lvs2).ORIG|NAL PAGE rSOF POOR QUALR'Y

QUANTIFYING

s O I;'T WA I-(E I{ELIABILITY

II AI,STI,;I)'5 M I,;TIi()i). 'l'otal number of bits required to specify the pro-

Ifr;url

v = (N, + N_)log_(_,+ _)

Numb_'r of "Mental l,apse"

N= v/E

E denotes mean number of mental discriminations between lapse.

CAP'I'UI{E-RECAPTURE METHOD.

(1) t_I - Ns _ Duran/Duran WiorkowskiTI. 6

T'rL I"_

(2)N-- k l_udner

MEAN TIME TO FAILURE (MTTF).

(l)Errors = M(1 - exp(-Ct/MT)) where M denotes Total No. of Errors, T

denotcs MTTF at .*tart of tesC.

(2)R = exp(-t/MTTF) denotes reliability- Musa, Iannino, and Okumoto.

4

QUANTIFYINGSOFTWARE RELIABILITY

DIRECT METHOD.

R __

No. of successful runs

Total No. of runs

FUNCTIONAL TESTING (Alternative)

P(x)

Pm(x)////p(x_ ) +Pe(x)

Pro(x) - mutation

5

III';SI,;AI((:I! AREAS

I¢c1"..

(l)Softwar{. 'l'est, ing V;didation Section 7

(2)Validation, Verification and Testing of Computer Software (NSF), Vol.

No. 2, A(;M Computing Surveys.

].'|,

(3)Cllapter 7,; Musa, lannino, and Okumato

/_ FO:IS.

(1)Theoretical Foundations for a) Testing b) gvaluatiing Software, and c) Eval-

u,,;i '" 7 "'_,_-,'_'x,,e: _ Systems. - - -

(2)Develop "Pert Chart like" software development system to monitor and/or

guide software development.

(3)Make precise tile notion of "how valid software should be7."

(4)A method for packaging validation tools.

(5)Study interaction effects between software and hardware in order to esti-

mate system reliability.

(6) l)evelop methods for "tearing" a program apart to facilitate functional test-

ing.

6

ORIGINAL PAGE iSOF PO0_ QUALn'Y

XJ

PA(X)

Input Space Output Space

PA(X) -----T(x) for all x _ X

I! PA(X)"=Ttx7 i"i _< E(x) for all x 6 X

XNC

Xc

XB

P(x)

Y

Y

XB, Xc, XNC

INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

Conveners" Peter C. Bishop, UH-Clear Lake

William J. Huffstetler, Assistant

Engineering, NASA/JSC

to the Director,

The Need for Strategic Information at JSCWilliam J. Huffstetler, NASA/JSC

Research Projects in Information ManagementPeter C. Bishop, UH-Clear Lake

Database Strategies and PrototypesTimothy N. Tulloch, Vice President, TNT Consulting

Space Station Documentation Technology and StrategiesChristopher Dede, Professor of Education, UH-Clear Lake

Future Research OpportunitiesLloyd R. Erickson, Electronics Engineer, NASA/JSC

INFORMATION MANAGEMENTPresenlations

Peter C. Bishop, PhD

Associate Professor, Ituman Sciences

Director, Space Business Information Center


Information management is the RICIS research area devoted to the final customer of comput-

ir_g and information systems--the end-user. They are the people at the end of the long chain of

i,fommtion systems who don't care how their information is collected, manipulated, or stored as

hmg as the right iufommtion is in their hands at the right time.

Information productivity, therefore, is the overall objective of the information management

research z|rca, hi other words, people who use information systems should realize more value by

usiag the system than by not using it. NASA in general and the Johnson Space Center is particular

have a tremendous need to understand what makes an information system productive and to develop

Iwoductivc systems for its employees, contractors and customers.

Our first speaker in this session will address this issue directly. He is William Heffstetler,

Assistant to the Director of Engineering at the Johnson Space Center. Mr. Huffstetler has served in a

mm_I:cr of different capacities during his time in government services. Most recently, he was chief

of the JSC Office of Flight Projects Engineering, a JSC organization group which helps academic

and industrial customers develop payloads for the Space Shuttle. In that capacity, Mr. Huffstetler

served on the NASA Commercialization Task Force which wrote the NASA Policy on Space Com-

mercialization. I have asked Mr. Huffstetler to comment on how information systems can enhance

productivity at JSC.

I will take floor following Mr. Huffstetler's remarks and describe the main projects within the

RICIS information management area. One project I am personally involved in is the Space Market

Mtx.lel Development Project. This project, conceived almost three years ago, is designed to study

the information needs of the business community in their search for and evaluation of space ven-

tures. That project has resulted in a prototype information center at the University, entitled the

Space Business Information Center, which is collecting and distributing space information to mem-

bers of the space industry. I will describe the results of the first phase of research activity.

Another objective of the Space Market Model Project is to develop and evaluate electronic

tools for the collection and dissemination of information. Our work is focused on using the NO'-

MAD2 database management system. Mr. Timothy Tulloch, Vice-President of TNT Consulting, is a

support contractor on this aspect of the Space Market Model. He will describe the principles of

infommtion management that we are trying embed in a tool which we have developed.

ORIGINAL PAGE IS

OF POOR OUALITY

The management of textual data has received less attention than themanagement of numeric

data because the technology to handle large amounts of text did not exist. Dr. Chris Dede will

describe how that situation is changing, however. He will report the results of long-term forcca_ting

project he directed. The project was designed to assess the state of the art and the state of the prac-

tice in the area of electronic documentation in support of the Space Station software development

and management.

Finally, Mr. Lloyd Erickson from JSC/MPAD will describe a new project we are just begin-

ning. JSC has made great strides in hardware connectivity over the last few years. Individuals can

now get access to most mainframe and many of the minicomputers under JSC control. The data

which resides on [hose computers, however, is still largely out of reach through lack of a suitable

interface. The Management Information and Decision Support Environment task is designed to

prototype interface strategies so that JSC managers and technical staff can use one tool to access a

variety of JSC databases.

The sessions this afternoon then contain a blend of the old and the new. Beginning with the

need for productive information management, expressed by Mr. Huffstetler, we will get report

results of rcseaz_h projects currently underway was well as the objectives of research projects which

are only now beginning. True information productivity is a tremendous goal which will require a

long-term to achieve. Fortunately, we have begun.

U.ICl0

I--LLI

LI.I0

a.(/)

I==U144

'=_ I==O==O

I=- _

0,___.1_,u n_>ILl

• I

".Jli

U _ W.,,_su 1_ w r_

0

0 _n _)r_

>_.. o_ o_ _

• "_ 0

,_o __r_ _-_ c_

_m _ ._

_._ _®0

O_

iim

0 __ _ _

i'- 0 "" _ 0

Z • • • •W

0 _

_z

\

Z _ _om-- " _ <l:: Z <1:

_-_-_ _oz

-- 0

__-____ _ _-.

09<0. •

I-Uu.i"1

0

n_

_ _ ._TO_._

_'_

c w

__ r_ 0

0 _ o

U _

UW

0

..-I,

Q

I,,,UlUll

_

ILILII iIn

..>._I_

Qo-,_cILl

l...twPu.n.n"5

0

_U

u.n.n

_- ..C

0 "

lal e__ "o

_o_

(D _-_ w--a -,-4

• 0 0 O • • • • J_.o • • .p.q • • • •

_" • ee •

uW

0 "_

ImmUELm

0IMa.

I-ZmAN

U_

0 o ,,.,.¢ -PC

0U'JELI

ImLLm

ag

mmmmm_F,

U

a.

U

(Dr_

.,,.¢

p_

O0

om,=¢

_sPQ '_ F.T,I C_o

I--UuJ==b

0n_

i,=,ZUJl

,_o=-_

ao _

UI,,,,

<

U<n_

W

k

:" r_

(.-1- 02: -,

Z

=_o

Z¢,,-3m

z

0_J

=)ZwOO_-

>-=EI,,= =¢":0m

=gu_<Z

m

Um

i

a_ a)I,,, f,-) (b

o.j_ __

I-,Ui11

Oo

E_Z

LUI.-ZUJU

O_I

I-- u_

i_

_s,1,__Z Q"

--oE:3u_3

ILlU

a.

I

Q.0

Q.

4flI

00

I-

EoC

I

LMI-

fluqJ

0i

I-

:E

LL

Zme

iu

Zaid

mWU

O.

c_c_

@_t

c_

A

c_cd

r_

b_@

c_

_ ol,,I

@olml

A

A

°l-I

• _

_,ao m

_ _ 00 _ _ Z(=) l,.=m, l,--Jo

,.-,. _

m

m

WC

m

CInI

BI

_ZUQ

ID,

m==1

=,Im

a _ ;" = Z0 o C

ca _ _ n nco.

o _ Co _ _q

m

C70mm

OZ

0Z

00

II

(/)0r11Z0rn

"o

IYI

CI

o _Z=_ rfl

m 3m

>_ SZ,=IIIJQ

C o =rl

P

0Z

Z-,IM

I...ZILlU

m

It)

U,IU<

t/t

ibm

0

e_

L

e"

emm

U

tYILlI,,-ZuJ_J

Z0mmm

:E>,iv v)

_z _

mm

U')::)

ILlSJ

a._')

_nm

0tJ

ellm

"00

OD

l_

a.

ZW

U

Z

Z__ oI

Ill

D

U

a.

I,M

ZU

u.iS,J

a_

• • • • • •

CO

0

Z0

m

Z0 _=-

m_

_o_

ZF-.m-- X ..1_WW

W

Zm

U

oo __

W

Z

U

m oi

o_

u

Z

LUZI

£:)iiior):::) Z

0Z

It)l.l.iU

_)I/I

0I-,-

It)Q,,i.I..il,,,-it)

Research Institutefor

Computing and Information Systems

_ :: : i::.:::..,+_.:..:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::_ _- ..

Dr. Peter C. Bishop

Studies of the Future


Information Ms 'ement

OBJECTIVE

b

Productive

Information

Technology

..

Information Mana 'ement

TARGET

Manager...

...Customer

SURVEYS

What is out there?

Environmental Scanning for

Information Processing

Clear Lake Area Computer

Capability Census

o-

FORECASTS

What m" ht be out there?

Space Station Advanced Virtual

Electronic Docu mentation (SSAVE

PLANS

How to et there?

Word One Replacement

DEMONSTRATIONS

Space Shuttle Payload Information

System (SS PIS)

Space Market Model Development

Project (SMMDP)


OUTCOME

Productive

Information

Technology

FY88 Researoh Projeot_ .

• PLANS

-* Long-Range Plan for the Commercial

Development of the Space Station

-* Methodologies for Integrated Information

Management Systems

Integrated Parametric Planning Models for

Budgeting and Managing Complex

Development Projects

FY88 Researoh Projeot_

DEMONSTRATIONS

-o Management Information and

Decision Support Environment (MIDSE)

=* Image Management and Access

(Project ICON)

.°


OUTCOME

Productive

Information

Technology

DATABASE STRATEGIES AND PROTOTYPES

Timothy N. TullochVice-President

TNT Consulting

PURPOSE:

io Describe the principles utilized to develop

productivity tools.

o Illustrate the use of a tool which utilizes these

principles.

Definition of a Productive

Tool

i ,

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Independent of Application

Enhances User's Capability

Operates Intuitively

Flexible Entry Techniques

Keeps Track of Detail

Remembers History

Modifiable Parameters

Access to Related tools

_a

r_oU

o0

_D

'I"

e-.em

!-.

m

!....

e-

Eon

n

_a

C_4

mmmm

mmam

L-

m

t_

EmmmmImmm

Q.

©

0

r_

t.-i

f..,

c_

r._oMII

r_

r_

r_

r.J3

JmU

0

0

om

0

_N

om

E

°_ _'_

_m

c_lu

rn

!._

c_

mm

Eimm

D.

c_

_ _o

_om

m

Oil

u_

oji

-qbn_

o_

_J

oml

J_

rj_

_D

m

om

_m

_u

om

oml

ojml

L_oN

J_

c_

omml

om

c_

rj_

c_

_u

oJ_

oil

J_

om

_N

om

m

m

oJU

9_

o_

oil

J__N

olml

c_ C_oi

c_mmmm

Im

m

am

c_C_

EolnmI

0.

<

im

r_

om

m

m

olU

m

c_Oml

oJml

c_

oN

oMml

emil

oJm

om

_ olm m

om _D Jmml

_'_ r_

ZELI

IJJ

Z

Z0m

ZooO_

q

I,.i.I l.,iJ

am_.00 j-_j U..aO

AuJV't

I-.ZLL,

Z0n_

ZELI

I-.-ne0a..a._D

Z0m

1

UIllaZ01

I.-

0ELZI

I.-ZEL,

L_

Z

L,J..J

0

Q.

iI

0

L,JI.-

I--

Q

"1-U

0,Ya.o,.

_DI-

LL

I,LI

0c_o.

c_

LL

0q4_I-0

t_Lu

Z01

q_

_JLu

e_

q_!11U_J

_J!

Z0o_I'-q_JLu,mlul

0Z

0Lu--I

m

I,-Z

Z0

11

_O O O _ O O O O O O O

0

I,.I.,,

ILl

!

m

m

Zi

Zm

ILl

a

,..,,,,,I

UZ

_o

0

oL_

o

Q.

0

0

a.

oz_

U

z_o _

_ _ _ _ o

_ _ _ _ o

z _ _ z

o o _

u a _tlu _

a u.

Z _ U 00 _ _ Z

• • • •

!

0

[u

Lu"1-

0

aZ

L_LU

c_ 0

z

_- _" Z Zi

uJ Z 0z _ 0 _

u 0 _ -rLU I"" U_Z _: I-- _ L_-- _ Z 0 _ Z

-- 0 uu X

U.<C0

0.Q.

Z01

U1

..JQ.a.

1

U

LU

F-U

r_UdF-Z!

.J

00F-O.

0.JLU

a

I,,,,,-Z1.1.1

O

i

ZI.l.,J

Z01

I--co

,,>"

trio

Z

U

.-,I

1

0

tto

I,.ltJ

d

0

_o

A

,,,

U

_t'J _,S"I _P'I U,/'l

%'%

%%

%

\%

\\

%\

a

":[J U" U "_',_[l_ U L,J

_[I ___j .--I _I_I_ U _-LU I•,-,, • • •

U

Du.

0

<tu

F-<F--1

1

U<

Z0F-<

Zw

r_0

l

"I-

<o=

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

AND EXPERT SYSTEMS

Conveners: Terry Feagin, UH-Clear Lake

Timothy F. Cieghorn, Mission Planning and


Introduction and Overview

Timothy F. Cleghorn

Communication and Tracking Expert Systems for the NASA

Space StationT.F. Leibfried, UH-Clear Lake

Simulation of Robotic Space SystemsYashvant Jani, LinCom Corporation

Robotic Path Planning and Software Testbed ArchitectureRichard D. Volz, University of Michigan

Fuzzy Set and Related Theory for Failure Detection and

Control in Space SystemsThomas B. Sheridan, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

A Computer Graphics Testbed to Simulate and Test Vision

Systems for Space ApplicationsJohn B. Cheatham, Jr., Rice University

Demonstration of a 3D Vision Algorithm for Space

ApplicationsRui J.P. deFigueiredo, Rice University

Summary of the

Artificial Intelligence and Expert SystemsTechnical Session

Dr. Terry Feagin introduced the technical session by identifying the various research projects

underway in the technical area. Dr. Timothy Cleghorn gave an overview of the projects in this

technical area that are funded by the Mission Manning and Analysis Division. All of the projects

except the work on the communications and tracking expert system fall in this category. These

projects are ultimately directed at the formation of a Robotics Software Simulation Testbed withinMPAD at JSC.

The work in expert systems for communications and tracking was presented by Dr. T.F.

l.cibfried, who described how the team of three faculty and four students were studying various

ways of approaching the problems of detecting, isolating and recovering from faults in the communi-

cations and tracking systems to be used on the space station. He described that as software in the

area is developed, a software simulator must be employed to exercise and test the system. Two

systems for fault detection and diagnosis (as designed by Harris and TRW) are being reviewed

closely for ideas about the best way to approach this problem. Both of these systems are based upon

using expert systems for the diagnostic portion of the system, as various alternative possible causes

for the observed problems are evaluated. The expert systems are written in ART (an expert system

shcll language) and run on the Symbolics LISP machine. The TRW system runs on several ma-

chines and much of the code is written in the language C. Other work under this project involves the

development of an explanation facility for the expert systems, a distributed collection of cooperating

expert systems, and extremely fast fault diagnosis for single point failures using bit-strings.

The work on robotic path planning at the University of Michigan was described by Dr. Kang

Shin. tie explained how one can evaluate the various possible routes that a robot might take through

a set of obstacles in order to reach a desired destination. He also explained how one could take into

account a measure of safety as the various obstacles were circumvented, so as to avoid collisions due

to small deviations in the path due to an inability to control the robot's movements precisely. Also,

hc showed how blind alleys and unacceptable paths could be labeled recursively until acceptable

paths were identified for further evaluation so as to determine the optimal path for the robot to

follow. He also discussed the generalization of the approach to three dimensional problems.

The work on fuzzy sets for failure detection and control was presented by Dr. Thomas B.

Sheridan. He described how fuzzy sets could be used to model uncertainty and how this approach

could be used effectively in failure detection and control. He described how objective measures of

uncertainty could be obtained.

The work on a graphics testbed for computer vision systems was described by Dr. John

Cheatham of Rice University. He described how they are developing a graphics systerq for simula-

tion scenes that might require analysis by a robotic computer vision system. The system is presently

11.

able to simulate the appearance of an artificial satellite under various lighting conditions.

The work on 3-D vision algorithms for computer vision was described by Dr. Rui de-

Figueiredo of Rice University. The algorithms being developed allow selected objects viewed by

the robotic computer vision system to be recognized readily. Various invariant properties of the

objects are used to aid in the identification process.

Dr. Yashvant Jani described the work on simulation of robotic space systems presently being

conducted at LinCom Corporation. The research involves applying expert systems to support Du-

board navigation (ONAV) ground controllers in operational training associated with monitoring the

status of navigation sensors during the entry phase of shuttle flights.

T.F. Leibfried

University o_ Houston

Clear Lake

t

I

iQb

£ I ,,

/ 'i 'Ibc_

8

co

0

_o _ _

o o D

" "3

LM

U_

F"

rr"<_

or-

-r"

• °

I'"

1,._

L__

ORIGINAL PAGE IS

OF POOR QUALITY'

AI-I Expert Systems Study for T&C

Supervisor Oron Schmidt EE7

UIICL Team Members :

Faculty

T. F. Leibfried

T. FeaginJ. Giarratano

Students

David Overland

Dennis Stevens

Gary Young

Albert Ro_riguez

Objectives

Contractor Studies

Harris Corp. (Mlb. Fla.)

TRW (Redondo Beach Cal.)

Lessons Learned

Future

,b

-. _,I_AL PAGE ISOF POoR QUALITY

Executive SummaryRICIS Research Activity AI.1

Expert Systems for Space Station T&C17 June 1987

Section 1:

Objective: Study Xethodologies and Techniques for Optimal Developmentof Configuration _anagenent, fault Detection Isolation

and Recovery and Explanation Expert Systems

Overview : The space station environment will require malfunctiondetection, isolation and recovery from all causes.Station personnel will probably not be proficient incouunication systems analysis and management. There

will be a need for on-board expert systems to provideassistance to the crewmen. These systems will have to bedistributed in nature because of the nature of the

hardware design. The techniques and principles of goodexpert systems software design need to be researched

so as to provide workable implementation guidelines

for production system contractors.

Status: Preliminary analysis shows that aodularization andand using a mixture of so-called Expert SystemLanguages and more conventional procedural languagesis feasible. Reusable expert systems code and thefeasibility of automated knowledge acquisition are inthe early stages of investigation.

Section 2

Technical Issues:

1. Shculd--_'_"_velopaent environment for ZS be different

than the Implementation environment ? (The answerso far is "probably'.)

2. What can be done to make expert system languagesoftware more maintainable and efficient ?

ORIG;P,TALPAGE IS

OF POOR QUALITY

+

U

r

!

oZ

>_, . ",..

,IIIIq _lA

'=-_ o . .-MJ_ -- I I-I,

" "s--;+,:,..,=+0+_i----_: _ g V|.-

oo

Of: POOR Q_J,_iTY

2--_

t_.mm

om

m

t_

e--

,°

c_

t_

oNr-

t _"" ..........

,,..° .... ...

°

0

w

B-°-......

,q_

w0

G2I

t_

_J

0

Q

I

,,:, _1 _

--o C

G

i

I '- ' _ .-"- n _

I o i

ORIGINAL PAGE IS

oF POOR QUAU'rY

C°_

G

G

w

°_

ORIGINAL PAGE IS

OF POOR QUA'.ITY

I I

0

E

c_

c_

:>0{..}

C

0

w

e-w

.!

0

ORIGIn! _L PAGE I

Lessons Learned

Simulators

Function

In support of FDIR

Test and Explanation

Implementation Environment

FDIR

Function

In support of Resource Management

Isolation and Explanation

Development Environment

Implementation Environment

Low level Detection and Isolation

Higher level Reasoning

Future Investigation

Generic Simulators (Table driven)

ANS for Modeling.__ ____

MMI Needs

Expert System Implementations

Rule-Based

Procedural

Rule-Based Conversion to Procedural _

Automated Knowledge Acquisition

f- ROBOTIC SPACE SIMULATION

SIMULATION OF ROBOTIC SPACE OPERATIONS

INTEGRATION OF VISION ALGORITHMS INTO ANORBITAL OPERATIONS SIMULATION

YASHVANT JANI, PhD

WILLIAM L. OTHON

LinCom CORPORATION

RICIS Symposium

15 October I g87

LinCom---_

•-- ROBOTIC SPACE SIMULATION -_

AGENDA

• OBJECTIVES

• USE OF SIMULATION

• INTEGRATION OF ROBOTICS / VISION ALGORITHMS

INTO AN ORBITAL OPERATIONS SIMULATION

• CURRENT EFFORT: INTEGRATION OF VISION

ALGORITHMS FROM RICE UNIVERSITY WITH

ORBITAL MANUVERING VEHICLE (OMV) MODEL

• PROJECT STATUS

• FUTURE EFFORT

..... LinCom ----

--- ROBOTIC SPACE SIMULATION

OBJECTIVES

DEVELOP A TESTBED FOR INTEGRATION OF

ROBOTICS SUBSYSTEMS AND SPACE VEHICLES

SIMULATION

se IMPLEMENT VISION/ROBOTICS ALGORITMS

• • PERFORM SYSTEMS INTEGRATION ANALYSIS

• STUDY OPERATIONAL ASPECTS OF ROBOTIC

SPACE SYSTEMS AND MISSIONS

, LinCom__-

U

I,M

I,---

<e_

0

U

a

0e_

z0

< -

2

x,=E

:t

4

_ I ---_ •l!

t:3

II

__ -_"_ __

_.," \ / "-_ _:

_ -4-

d

ZoV_I

>

,,_Z<

QZ<

oZ

ZZ<

g_Z

o

Z0

>

Q

I

>-

Z

Z

0

0

f

Z0

>

,,.,,J

<Z<

tmZ<

¢0Z

ZZ

,...I

Z0

Z

Z0

Z

E3Z

0ZZZ

Z0

=E

f

Z0

>

),....,J

<Z<

Z<

0Z

7<

r_

70

4

E

s -- u ,,=, _,,=.

8

E3

Z '" _

Z

0

E3

((Z((

C_Z

0

Zm

ZZ

Z

0

=E

ZL4.ILl

Z

c_

<

c_

I--.

U

ill

U

7

e_

J--

I

707

"r"I---

Z0

>

v_

..,J

z< •

z<

0ZZZ.<

0

_E

• • • •

Z0

,,.,,,J

Z

Z

0Z

Z0

Z0

>

o

--,,g

Z

oZ

0Z

ZZ

r_

Z0

u..,

II I

Z0I

l-

eeW

0I--0

-0e_

-rI---J

0

l--Z0

0k-

ee

UI..MI.Mee-rF-1.1.

0I..M

E3

• • Q • •

J

Z0

>

)-

Z

n7

07

7Z

:70

f

<

0

im

0

z0

°

Z0

>

>

z<

GZ<c

0

<

Z0

/

• • • •

• • •

Z0

>

,,.,J

Z

13Z

OZ

ZZ,,_.,=1

@,.

s-O

=£

0

Z0

5

1

..J

Z

OZ

7Z

Z0

.)'3"3

U

3

.?JLJ

3

i._

i

II

Ii

sl_row

u1

'III!I

e

ORIGINAL PAGE f$OF POOR QUALITY

Z0

>-,.J

Z

Z

0Z

ZZ

Oh.

o

¢J

z

¢1o

Thomas Sheridan

MIT

w

Equipment

Fine guidancecontrol _,mors (3)

AFT

High gain antenna

Secondarymirror.

Primary mirror

AperTure door

Scientificinstruments

Axial modules (4)

Radial modules (1)

Fixed heed startrackers (3)

bla roll out array

ST ,t.nt:enna PoCnC£ns System

('ontrol]er

r "I

_f!

L J

r

+

L .....

Base Vibration& ]Temperature

Motor & RWA ]I

A*S+B C*S+D

o_s! Bod$Dynamics

I

L_

,Fine Guidance SensorI

.................. J

IIoise

;_ !

I

!

!

I

L-

noise r

I

x,4- t• . |

)I!

L .....

noise

-I

S*S + Ar*S + Br Rate Gyro Assembly

J

"1!

1 ; l '

S*S+Ap*S +Bp r '

Space Telescope Attitude Control Simulation

I

I

I

1

I

I

I

I-=

r" ....

A I-m--

1

r"

I

I

I

I

I

I

J

I

!

/

1

I

I

I

J

"- _pace Telescope

-- Components;

-Simulators

Corn par ato rs

All Variables are measureable.

' 11

ft=A

i!

!

I

I

I

I

J

.... 1

I

!

I

I

I

_1

Space Telescope

Components

Simulator::

Corn par:ttor:;

Variable p is not measureable.

-1-

I"

I

I

L--

rm

r- ........

A

C

m_d

J Al-9 Fir, xmj

II

I

_J

Zm

Model

J

Inadquate Measurements

0.5- Cut

!

{F}= { 0.I/I, 0.3/2,10.7/3,0.9/4, 1.0/5}

{F} = {0/1, 0/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5}

CHspCategories

Very

High

High

Medium

Low

Very

Low

Fuzzification of Discrypancy

for Given Time Period

| I ! ! ! | ! " I ! '_ " ! ! !

I I I I I I I I I .I I _f II i

I I I I I I I I I I I I ', , , , , , ,I , I I t I I |/_.,IIVV't''" 'w "'vyv I,/_IIV_V ¥"

---.--.--.---,---.--.--.-.--.--.- _ f- -_'r" _-"T - - -

' ' ' ' ' 'h 'if'' ' ' ' ' 't i _ , I xk¥11L i _" I s _ i i i, , , * i .iVY _NIJl ' , I , , iI I I | Lilt" I "" _I/IB I I I I I I

--T--1---l---i---_--a---,- - -r -- r - - T - - -

il'_ I i Ida/V" , I i , , , , , ,_f %t ' hfl , , , , , , , , ,

._il£_J.__j___,__..,___ L__ -_ - _ __I- _'- - -'- - -'- - - F- - _ - - -III' I I • _" I I I I l I I 't I I

l I I I I ! I I l I S i S J

__,__,__.___,___.__,__,__,__,___,___L__ L__J__.Ii i o i t i I I i _ I , ' II I I I I I I I I I I I I I

I J I , o , a i i , , , ' I| | I I I | I I I I II I I |a e I I .. l I I l ! I I I I

Time

{A}- ( 0.1/1,0.2/2,0.2/30.8/41.0/5}

a L a2 a3 a4 a5

Normal

_High _ VeryHigh

a6 a7 s8 a9 Variable

Fuzzy Membership for Unmodelable Variables

I Subsystem

Display (3)

#3}Sensivity

{_3}

Failure Pos!ibility Vector

i=

i=1

Failure Possibility for A Subsystem

-1-

Fuzzy Expert System

I

J

I

"1 II II II I

II

I

I I --I

I

I

I. .......... J

1 2

FuzzySwitch

I

I

!I|

!

I

Subsystem Expert Computer or

Element Logic Human Supervisor

Disaggrc_ate, ISubsystem

1. System disaggregated into n subsytems.

2. At each node, the failure possibility

is computed via fuzzy sets.

3. When failure possibility is high,

fuzzy switch triggers expert system for details.

Optimization of Reconfiguration

Based on Fuzzy and Random Numbers

-1-

--- ROBOTIC SPACE SIMULATION - , -

USE OF SIMULATION

• PRE-FLIGHT ANALYSIS

i• DEFINITION OF MISSION REQUIREMENTS

e• PERFORMANCE ENVELOPES

00 FLIGHT ASSESSMENT

DEVELOPMENT OF MISSION

ee OPERATIONS

PROCEDURES

INTEGRATION OF

SUBSYSTEMS

I•

I•

SCENARIOS

SEVERAL VEHICLES AND

INTO A COORDINATED SCENARIO

INTRODUCTION OF NEW VEHICLES I SUBSYSTEMS

o• SPECIFICATION AND ANALYSIS

e• SUBSYSTEMS REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS

,, , LinCom ----

--- ROBOTIC SPACE SIMULATION

INTEGRATION OF ROBOTICS/VISION ALGORITHMS

INTO AN ORBITAL OPERATIONS SIMULATION

• TESTBED REQUIREMENTS

ie MODULARITY

ii RAPID PROTOTYPING

on FIDELITY

• ROBOTICS COMPONENTS IN OOS

• o VISION

o• REMOTE MANIPULATOR SYSTEM (RMS)

ii AUTOMATED FLIGHT i EXPERT SYSTEMS

- LinCom ----

i

Z0I

F,.,-.

..J

m

t,,l,.IU

Um

I,-.,.-0

Ot,,,z,

L

:._.i,[-.-.-..-.,...-.-...-,,.-.-.-o-.,.,.o.%-,-,,,-.-,-.-,-,-.-.-,-, -. ..............

• • •

ZC:3i.__ c:)

u I.--,,, Zx E3

I._.)

0r,,,,,)

n i m

Z0m

b-

.<

i

CO

(_).<

Go

um

F--0cC_0C_

........... _ OOO0 O0

>.

ll:x

i,it_2,

-- -- U'_ -- 0

tDZ

c-_ -T-O _.__- co

Z

!-- 0Z_ cv_-u_ Zx

r_

<[ 0-__,,,-- rvI.IJ "--.I--- Q-

o0 r-_I

r

,_ ROBOTIC SPACE SIMULATION -,

CURRENT EFFORT

INTEGRATION OF VISION ALGORTHMSWITH ORBITAL MANUVERING VEHICLE (OMV) MODEL

• VISION ALGORITHMS FROM RICE UNIVERSITY

o• OBJECT IDENTIFICATION

ore• MOMENT INVARIANT/ATTRIBUTED GRAPH (MIAG):

em ATTITUDE DETERMINATION

coo GENERALIZED IMAGE POINT CORRESPONDENCE (GIPC):

• co MIAG EXTENSION (TENSORS)

• OMV MODEL

o• RIGID BODY DYNAMICS

oe REACTION CONTROL SYSTEM (RCS)JETS

om OMV FLIGHT SOFTWARE (CONTROL SYSTEM, GUIDANCE, ETC)

e• CAMERA MODEL

• ore FOCAL LENGTH , RANGE , FIELD OF VIEW

moo EXTRACTION OF 2D WIREFRAME

(LOW-LEVEL IMAGE PROCESSING)

LinCom ----

i l

-- --_-- "

"JiOll Illlllllll_

I _.w l u.

8JJB_PSBJh'Jf

Z

- f.l ! _m I m

"JfPJfJfIJlJPPfl.PJ'J'f

___- I ._-

I _"

t.

i i

__ _- ..._

Z Z Z _ _ _ _ _-- _

1--_ __ __

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIilllllllllllllll

_Z

_Z_

_ _ __

_lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll,

,^z_ <_z _ _<__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ....

flllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

__Z__Z__ _

i i u

ROBOTIC SPACE SIMULATION

CURRENT STATUS

• ALGORITHMS IMPLEMENTATION COMPLETE

Ie CAMERA MODEL

• e FUNCTIONAL WIREFRAME EXTRACTION

IW MIAG IDENTIFICATION AND GIPC ATTITUDE

DETERMINATION IN OOS

• INTEGRATION TESTING IN PROGRESS

me MODULE INTERFACES COMPLETE

aa NEW EVENT-DRIVEN OMV SEQUENCER GENERATED

• TEST CASE DESCRIPTION

se THREE VEHICLES IN SAME ORBIT

ea OMV WITH CAMERA IN LOWER ORBIT

oe AS OMV APPROACHES TARGET. THE VISION

ALGORITHMS WILL IDENTIFY OBJECT AND

COMPUTE ATTITUDE AND ATTITUDE RATES

LinCom -=--

ROBOTIC SPACE SIMULATION

END OF PRESEMTATION

LinCom_

*U._. t,O_ERI41_._NT pgI_TING OFF$C£:L988 66t-00818069I

ricis 87symposium - nasa

Documents